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2017小学英语语法知识点及习题

2017小学英语语法知识点及习题
2017小学英语语法知识点及习题

2017小学英语语法知识点及习题整理

前言:学习和记忆法

全身心记忆法

根据测试,参与记忆单词的器官和身体部位越多,单词在大脑中的印象就越深刻,记忆的时间也就越长。边读边写边记,除读记所使用的发音器官和身体的其它部位外,大脑中枢还要指挥大臂带动小臂,小臂带动手掌,手掌带动手指,从而正确地书写单词。这种方法避免了"小和尚念经",因为只要注意力不集中, 书写马上就出错。书写既是大脑中枢的执行行为,又是大脑中枢的监察器。

联系记忆法

联系记忆法就是在记忆单词的过程中,不去孤立地记一个词或词组,而是把它与同义词、反义词、相关词、句、篇等联系起来记忆。

同义记忆与近义记忆

掌握一个词或词组的同义词和近义词或者其解释是掌握该语言重

要的一环。只有这样,才能初步做到用英语进行思维,而用英语思维是掌握英语的一个标志。

同类记忆与比较记忆

同类记忆的涵盖面很广,如词性同类、动物同类、植物同类、

事情同类、物品同类等。如我们可以把边际从属连词放在一起记忆。比较记忆是把词形相近或意义相近的词放在一起对比记忆。这样记忆可以辨别词义,准确使用词汇。

联想记忆

"联想是钓钩,在茫茫的艺海中,它能准确地钩住你所识记的事物。"联想越丰富,越多彩,记忆的艺术也就越高超。记忆以联想为基础;联想又是记忆的一种方法。联想又分为类似联想、类别联想和词、句、篇联想。

无意识记忆法无意识记忆并不是无注意力记忆,而是时间分散记忆。这种

方法特别适合于工作忙碌的人。首先准备一个袖珍笔记本,将要

记忆的单词写在笔记本上。只要有时间就拿出来读读。这些单词

见多了对你就会产生感情,你一定能记住,因为每读记一遍,就在你

的大脑中加深一层印象。这样记忆的单词可长久不忘,并能随时想起,是一种很好的长时记忆法。

构词记忆法

禾U用英语词汇的构词规律,内在结构记忆单词是一种理性地使自己词汇量膨胀起来的方法。英语单词是由词素构成的,词素

分为自由词素和粘附词素。记忆单词主要是记自由词素,因为有些自由词素可以充当词根,词根加词缀构成许多派生词。构词法主要有三种:转化、合成和派生。

语法规则整理

一、名词复数规则

1. 一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds

2 .以s. x. sh. ch结尾,力口-es,女口:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes,

watch-watches

3 .以辅音字母+y”吉尾,变y为i,再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries

4 .以“或fe结尾,变f或fe为v,再加-es,如:knife-knives

5. 不规则名词复数:

man-me n, woma n-wome n, policema n-policeme n,

policewoma n-policewome n, mouse-mice child-childre n

foot-feet,.tooth-teeth

fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese

写出下列各词的复数

、、一般现在时

般现在时基本用法介绍

【No. 1】一般现在时的功能

1. 表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:The sky is blue天空是蓝色的。

2. 表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:I get up at six every day我每天六点起床。

3. 表示客观现实。如:The earth goes around the sun地球绕着太

阳转。

一般现在时的构成

1. be 动词:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如:

I am a boy我是一个男孩。

2?行为动词:主语+行为动词什其它)。如:

We study En glish我们学习英语。

当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"c 如:Mary likes Chinese玛丽喜欢汉语。

一般现在时的变化

1. be动词的变化。

否定句:主语+ be + not +其它。

女口:He is not a worker.他不是工人。

一般疑问句:Be +主语+其它。

女口:-Are you a student?

-Y es. I am. / No, I'm n ot.

特殊疑问句:疑问词+—般疑问句。如:Where is my bike?

2. 行为动词的变化。

否定句:主语+ don 't( does n't) + 动词原形(+其它)。如:

I don't like bread.

当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does n't构成否定句。如:

He does n't ofte n play.

一般疑问句:Do( Does )主语+动词原形+其它。如:

-Do you ofte n play football?

-Yes, I do. / No, I don't.

当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句。如:

-Does she go to work by bike?

-Yes, she does. / No, she does n't.

特殊疑问句:疑问词+—般疑问句。女口:How does your father go to work?

动词+s的变化规则

1. 一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks

2. 以s. x. sh. ch. o纟吉尾,力口-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes

3. 以辅音字母+y”吉尾,变y为i,再加-es,如:study-studies 一般现在时用法专练:

一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数

、用括号内动词的适当形式填空

1. He ofte n _____ (have) dinner at home.

2. Dan iel and Tommy ______ (be) in Class One.

3. We ______ (not watch) TV on Mon day.

4. Nick _______ (not go) to the zoo on Sun day.

5. _____ they ________ (like) the World Cup?

6. What _______ t hey ofte n ______ (do) on Saturdays?

7. ______ your pare nts ______ (read) n ewspapers every day?

8. The girl ______ (teach) us En glish on Sun days.

9. She and I _______ (take) a walk together every eve ning.

10. There _______ (be) some water in the bottle.

11. Mike ______ (like) cooki ng.

12. They ______ (have) the same hobby.

13. My aunt ______ (look) after her baby carefully.

14. You always _______ (do) your homework well.

15. I _______ (be) ill. I ' m staying in bed.

16. She _______ (go) to school from Mon day to Friday.

17. Liu Tao ______ (do) not like PE.

18. The child ofte n ______ (watch) TV in the eve ning.

19. Su Hai and Su Yang ______ (have) eight less ons this term.

20. —What day _____ (be) it today?

It ' s Saturday.按照要求改写句子

1. Daniel watches TV every evening改为否定句)

2.1 do my homework every day.改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)

3. She likes milk.改为一般疑问句,作肯定回答)

4. Amy likes playing computer games.改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)

5. We go to school every morning.改为否定句)

6. He speaks English very well改为否定句)

7. I like taking photos in the park.对划线部分提问)

8. John comes from Canada对划线部分提问)

9. She is always a good student改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)

10. Simon and Dani el like going skat ing 改为否定句)

五、改错伐出错误的地方,将正确的写在横线上)

1. Is your brother speak En glish?

2. Does he likes going fish ing?

3. He likes play games after class. ___________________

4. Mr. Wu teachsus English. _________________

5. She don ' t do her homework on Sun days. ___________________

三、现在进行时

1. 现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。

2. 现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.

3. 现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。

4. 现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。

5. 现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为:

疑问词+ be +主语+动词ing?

但疑问词当主语时其结构为:

疑问词+ be +动词ing?

动词加ing的变化规则

1 .一般情况下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking

2. 以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing, 如: make-making, taste-tasting

3. 如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再力口ing, 如:run-running, stop-stopping

现在进行时专项练习:

一、写出下列动词的现在分词:

play _______ run _________ swim _________ make _________

go ________ like _______ write _________ ski __________

read _______ have _________ s ing _________ dance ________

put ________ see _______ buy __________ l ove ___________

live ______ take ________ come ________ get _________

stop _______ sit ________ begin ________ s hop __________

二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空:

1. The boy _________________ ( draw)a picture now.

2. Liste n .Some girls _____________ ( sin g)i n the classroom .

3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some n ice food now.

4. What ____ you ______ ( do ) now?

5. Look . They ______________ ( have) an En glish less on .

6. They __________ (not ,water) the flowers now.

7. Look! the girls _______________ (dance )in the classroom .

8. What is our gra nddaughter doing? She _______ (liste n ) to music.

9. It ' 5 o' clock now. We ________________ (have)supper now

10. _____ Helen ___________ (wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .

三、句型转换:

1. They are doi ng housework分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)

2. The students are cleaning the classroom .(改一般疑问句并作肯定

和否定回答)

3. I ' m playing the football in the playground对(划线部分进行提问)

4. Tom is reading books in his study .对划线部分进行提问)

四、将来时

一、概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做

某事。句中一般有以下时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, mo nth,

year …),soon, the day after tomorro(后天)等。

二、基本结构:① be going to + do;

② will+ do.

三、否定句:在be动词(am, is, ar?后加not或情态动词will后加

not 成won'。

例如:I ' m going to have a pic nic this after noon. 宀I ' m no pic nic this after noon.

四、一般疑问句:be或will提到句首,some改为any, and改为or,

第一二人称互换。

例如:We are going to go on an outing this weekend.

go on an outi ng this weeke nd?

五、对划线部分提问。一般情况,一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。

1. 问人。Who 例如:I ' m going to New York soon. f Who s going to New York soon.

2. 问干什么。What …d例如:My father is going to watch a race

with me this

after noon. f What is your father going to do with you this after noon.

3. 问什么时候。When.例如:She' s going to go to bed at nine.

f Whe n is she going

to bed?

六、同义句:be going to = will

I am going to go swimming tomorrow (明天).=I will go swimming tomorrow.

练习:

填空。

1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。

I _____________________ have a picnic with my friends.

I _______ have a pic nic with my frien ds.

2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛?我想去打篮球。

What ____________________________________________ next Monday? I __________________ play basketball.

What ________ you do next Mo nday? I ________ p lay basketball.

3. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗?是,她要去买一些水果。

____ y our mother ________________ go shopping this ___________ ? Y es, she _______ . She _________________________ b uy some fruit.

4. 你们打算什么时候见面。

What time ______ you ____________________ meet?

改句子。

5. Nancy is going to go camp in g.(改否定)

Nancy _______ going to go camp ing.

6. I ' ll go and join them改否定)

I ______ go ______ joi n them.

7. I ' m going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.改一般疑问句)

_______________________ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?

8. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.(改一般疑问句)

______________ meet at the bus stop at 10:30.

9. She is going to listen to music after school.(对划线部分提问)______________ she ___________________________ a fter school?

10. My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上)

_________________ going to see a play the day after tomorrow

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