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史铁强《大学俄语(2)(东方新版)》学习指南【词汇短语+课文精解+单元语法+全文翻译+练习答案】ур

史铁强《大学俄语(2)(东方新版)》学习指南【词汇短语+课文精解+单元语法+全文翻译+练习答案】ур
史铁强《大学俄语(2)(东方新版)》学习指南【词汇短语+课文精解+单元语法+全文翻译+练习答案】ур

урок 7

一、词汇短语

(一)对话

простить[完]①原谅,饶恕;②固[命令式]прости(-те)[用作插入语]对不起;③固[命令式] 【例句】Этогомыимнепростим.我们绝不会原谅他们这一点。

Простите, хотелзадатьвамвопрос.对不起,想向您提个问题。

Прости, всёмоёсчастьеипокой.永别了,我所有幸福宁静的生活。

【变位】прощу, простишь. [未]прощать

попасть[完]①вкого-что打中,打着;②来到;③вочто,начто,подочто进入(某种环境或状态)

【例句】Вдракеемупопаликулакомвглаз.打架的时候人家的拳头打着了他的眼睛。

Япервыйразпопалсюда.我是第一次来到此地。

Сведенияобэтомпопаливпечать.关于此事的消息已见报。

【搭配】гдепопало不管什么地方

какпопало随随便便

какойпопало随便什么样的

【变位】-аду, -адёшь; -ал; -авший. [未]попадать

прийтись[完]①(在时间、空间等方面)与……相吻合;②(尺寸、大小)正适合;③固[无人称](接

不定式)不得不,只好

【例句】Надругойденьпришёлсякакразпраздник.第二天正好是节日。

Пальтопришлосьемупоросту.大衣长短正合他的身材。

Нампридётсяздесьночевать.我们不得不在这里过夜。

【变位】придусь, придёшься; пришёлся, -шлась; пришедшийся; придясь. [未]приходиться

остановить[完]①使(运动中的人、物)停住,阻止;②чтонаком-чём把(目光、视线、注意力等)停留在……上

【例句】Нельзяостановитьходистории.历史的进程是阻挡不住的。

【变位】-влю, -овишь; -овленный. [未]останавливать

разрешить[完]①准许,批准;②(经过思考、分析)解决,决定;③固[只用命令式]请允许我,请让我(客气用语)

【例句】Прошуразрешитьмнеотпускнанеделю.请批准我一周假。

Разрешитепройти!请让我过去!

【搭配】разрешитьпротиворечие解决矛盾

【变位】-шу, -шишь; -шённый (-ён, -ена). [未]разрешать

(二)课文

пользоваться[未]①чем使用,利用;②чем享有

【例句】Пользоватьсяавторучкойоченьудобно.使用自来水笔很方便。

Вкачестветопливавэтойместностипользуютсясоломой.此地利用秫秸作燃料。

【变位】-зуюсь,-зуешься.

спуститься[完]①降,落;②начто〈转〉(夜、雾等)降临大地

【例句】Самолётспустилсянааэродром.飞机降落到机场上。

Высыпализвёзды, спустиласьночь.群星闪现,夜幕降临。

【搭配】спуститьсяполестницениже下楼

【变位】спущусь, спустишься. [未]спускаться

подойти[完]①走近,(时间、机会、某种情形等)到;②适合,相宜

【例句】Работаподошлаксамомуважномумоменту.工作到了最重要的关头。

Оннеподойдётнадолжностьсекретаря.他不适于担任秘书职务。

【变位】-ойду, -ойдёшь; -ошёл, -ошла; -ошедший; -ойдя. [未]подходить

предпочесть[完]①кого-чтокому-чему认为……比较好,更喜欢;②(接不定式)宁愿【例句】Изэтихдвухкостюмовяпредпочёлбысерый.这两套衣服中我更喜欢灰色的那套。

Такаяотвратительнаяпогода, чтояпредпочтуникуданеходитьи

остатьсядома.天气这样恶劣,我宁愿待在家里,哪里也不去。

【变位】-чту, -чтёшь; -чёл, -чла; -чтённый(-ён, -ена); -чтя. [未]предпочитать

二、课文精解

(一)对话

1.Скажите, какмнедоехатьдопаркакультуры?请问怎么去文化公园?

在俄语中,根据选择的交通工具不同问路有不同的表达方式,不同动词的接格也不同。

例:

Какпройтивуниверситет / дойтидоуниверситета?怎样去大学?

Какпроехатьнакраснуюплощадь / доехатьдокраснойплощади?怎样去红场?

Какпопастьвкиоск / добратьсядокиоска?怎样去报刊亭?

2.Отсюдадопаркавсеготриостановки.从这儿到公园总共三站。

остановка,станция,стоянка三个词意思相近,但具体有区分。остановка指公共汽车站和电车站,如:трамвайнаяостановка电车站。станция多指火车站或地铁站,如:железнодорожнаястанция火车站。此外,它也可指站、台、局等,例:электрическаястанция发电站,метеорологическаястанция气象台,гидрологическаястанция水文站。而стоянка则指停留处,停车场,与前两个词词义差别很大,如:стоянкатакси出租车停车场。

3.Выдоедетедостанции《Университет》исделаететампересадкусметро

наавтобус.您到“大学”地铁站换乘公交车。

пересадка名词,意为换乘,与делать构成固定搭配。此外,动词пересесть-пересаживаться也表示换乘。例:

Можетбыть, давноуженужнопересестьвдругойвагон, амысплоховали.或许早就应该换乘另一车厢,可是我们疏忽了。

4.Перейдётепроспектисядетеналюбойавтобус.穿过大街再乘坐任何一辆公交车。

俄语中表示乘用交通工具有不同的动词和接格,他们之间意义差别很大。①ехать-ездитьначём表示乘坐某交通工具,交通工具用六格,例:наавтобусе。②бытьгде表示在交通工具里面,例:вавтобусе。③садиться-сестьначто表示选择某种交通工具;садиться-сестьвчто则表示上车进入车厢,二者使用的前置词不同表达的意思也不同。④сходить-сойтисчего则表示下车,выходить-выйтиизчего表示从车里出来,也是下车的意思。

5.Мыпосольствопроехали!我们错过大使馆了!

проехать可以表示(利用某种交通工具)行驶,驶过;从旁边经过;错过目的地,坐过站;也可表示乘车驶过多少距离或时间。例:

①КакпроехатьвМоскву?怎样坐车到莫斯科?

②Автобуспроехалмимо.公共汽车从旁开过去了。

③Мыпроехалистанциюврассеянности.我们因漫不经心坐过了站。

④Конницапроехалаужесполдороги.骑兵已走完将近一半的路程。

⑤Сэтогогородадомоейродинынадопроехатьцелуюнеделю.从这个城市到我的家乡坐车要坐整整一个星期。

6.Аздесьостанавливатьсянельзя.这里不可以停车。

нельзя接未完成体动词表示不能,不应该,不许;接完成体动词表示不得,不可能。例:

①Погазонамходитьнельзя.草坪上禁止通行。

②Безпищижитьнельзя.没有食物不能生存。

(二)课文

1.Мнеприходитсяпользоватьсядвумявидамитранспорта.我不得不利用两种交通方式。

комуприходится(придётся)接不定式表示不得不,只好。例:

Нампридётсяздесьночевать.我们不得不在这里过夜。

Слишкоммногопришлосьбыговорить, авременинету.要说的话太多,可是没有时间。

2.Вчасыпикнаулицахгородатакоедвижение, чтолегкопопастьвпробкуиопоздатьнаработу.在高峰期城市道路上的交通容易出现拥堵,导致上班迟到。

1)пик本意为山峰,часыпик是固定用语,表示高峰期。例:

часыпиквработегородскоготранспорта城市交通运输工作中的高峰期

2)попастьвпробку表示陷入拥堵,这里пробка为第四格。

3)本句属于程度、度量从句,程度、度量从句说明主句行为、事物性质特征的程度和度量。通过指明现实结果表示程度和度量时,用主从复合句结构模式так(такой, настолько, столько...), что...。指示词так用来说明状语(通常是副词),也可用来直接说明谓语(可以是动词或短尾形容词),表示行为、状态、特征的程度。指示词такой用来说明长尾形容词所表示的性质特征的程度。指示词настолько兼有так, такой的作用,用

学术写作中常用高级用词替换

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英语高考高频词汇-短语

英语高考高频词汇-短语

英语高考高频词汇短语 1. abandon oneself to sth. 完全屈从于(某种感情或冲动);沉迷于 2. have an (the )ability to do sth. ( have the ability in doing sth.)有能力做某事 3. to the best of one's ability 尽某人最大的力 4. be about to do when…正准备做某事突然。。。 5. above all 首先,最重要;in all 总计after all 毕竟; 终究all in all总之 6 .at home and abroad 在国内外go abroad 出国 7. in sb.'s absence /in the absence of sb.当(某人)不在时be absent from 缺席 8. be absorbed in 全神贯注于;专心于 9. have (easy/hard)access to sth. 接近;进入;使用;可以用….(零冠词) 10. by accident 偶然;意外地=by chance by mistake 由于错误 11. be delayed through an accident 由于事故而耽误 12. be accompanied by 附有;伴随;相伴而生keep sb. accompanied=keep sb. company 13. according to (后面不接view, opinion…); in my opinion

14. collect accounts收账;open an account 开账户;keep accounts 记账; account for说明; give a full account of 做一个完整的说明; on account of=beca us e of 因为accounting department会计室; 15 .acc us e sb. of…控告某人charge sb. with sth. 起诉某人blame sb. for sth. 责备某人 16. be acc us tomed to sth.( to doing sth.)=be used to sth.(to doing sth.)习惯于做某事 17. have some acquaintance with 熟悉;熟知He is just an acquaintance 18 .come (run) across (偶然)碰到=meet with ; get sth. across 使人理解;领会 19. act as充当,担任act out 表演(对话、故事);把。。。付诸于行动act on(upon) 对。。。起作用 20 .catch sb. (in the act of) doing sth. 抓住某人干某事;take action 采取行动 21. be active in 在…积极take an active part in 积极参加lead an active life过着积极的生活 22. adapt oneself to 使自己适应adapt sth. to 使某物适应adapt from 根据。。。改写 23. add in 包括;添加;加进去add to 增加;加强add…to 把。。。加到。。。上

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英语学术论文常用词句 1. 常用词汇与短语 差别:gaps between, differentiate between, discrepancies,no intergroup difference 存在,出现:occurred, occurrence ,existed, existence, presence, present 多数,少数:the overwhelming majority of, in the majority of cases ,a marked majority, handful 方法:approaches, avenues, methods, techniques, means, tools 发生率:Incidence, frequency, prevalence 发现,阐明,报道,证实:verify, confirm, elucidate, identify, define, characterize, clarify, establish, ascertain, explain, observe, illuminate, illustrate,demonstrate, show, indicate, exhibit, presented, reveal, display, manifest,suggest, propose, estimate, prove, imply, disclose,report, describe,facilitate the identification of ,screening ,isolation 改变:change, alteration, 高,增加:high, enhanced, elevated, increased, forced 各种,多种:in multiple types of, in various types of, in a variety of 关系,相关,参与:closely involved in, associated, 广泛的:in an extensive survey 执行:perform, carry out 降,少,缺:decrease, reduction, reduced, diminish, loss, suppression, deficient, low, weak, faint, light, absence, absent, undetectable, lack ,defective, negative,poor,impaired, greatly reduced or completely absent, frequently lost or down-expressed 角色,起作用:role, part (limited, potential, early, possible role) 可能性:feasibility 密切地:intimately 难理解的,似谜的:enigmatic (x remains enigmatic)

初中英语常用单词词组句型

all in all 总的说来 and so on 等等 as a matter of fact =in fact 其实,实际上 at present 目前现在 date back to 追溯到 for the future 从今以后,在今后 from now on 今后,从现在起 in short 总之,总而言之 in a word 简言之、一句话、总之 in the end 最后,终于 most important of all 最重要的是 about all 首先 for one thing,for another thing 首先…,再者… first of all, next then, lastly 首先,然后,最后 firstly,secondly,thirdly…finally 第一,第二,第三…最后in addition 另外 in addition to 除…之外 according to 根据 as far as I am concerned 据我所知 generally spesking 一般说来 what’s more 更多的是 therefore 因此,从而 furthermore =moreover再者 otherwise 另外 in my opinion 我认为,我的意见是 not only …but also 不但…而且… in spite of 不管 for example 例如… different from 与……不同 as a result (of) 结果 in order to do 为了 There is no doubt that 毫无疑问 It is well known that 大家都知道 to tell the true 说实话 however 然而 therefore 因此 since then 自从那时起 as soon as 一……就…… thanks to 多得,幸亏 英语作文常用句型:1.表示原因

Summary的写作技巧和常见句型

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