初中英语语法梳理和提高18动词不定式讲解试题
时间：2009年06月11日作者：匿名来源：英语教师网
动词不定式
不定式：to + 动词原形
知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！
动词不定式的基本形式是"to + 动词原形"，有时可以不带to。动词不定式（或不定式短语）没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。动词不定式仍可保留动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式同它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。如：to read the newspaper, to speak at the meeting 等
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语：
注：作主语用的动词不定式常常为it替代，动词不定式（或短语）放在后面。例如：
It is not easy to learn a foreign language.
It took us three days to do the work.
动词不定式的否定形式由"not+动词不定式"构成. 如:
Tell him not to be late.
The policeman told the boys not to play in the street.
4) 不定式省去to的情况: 在感官动词see，watch，look at，hear， listen to，feel 和使役动词make，have，let等所接的宾语中（不定式做宾语不足语），不定式应省去to。但是在被动语态中不能省。如：
Let me listen to you sing the song.
He watched his son play computer games.
I saw him run away.------He was seen to run away.
The boss make the workers work the whole night.----The workers were made to work the whole night.
5) 动词不定式和疑问词连用
动词不定式可以和疑问词what ,which, how, where, when 等连用，构成不定式短语。如：
The question is when to start.
I don't know where to go .
He showed me how to use a computer.
What to do is a big problem.
例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！
翻译下列句子，说出句中不定式的作用：
1. To grow plants is very important.
2. It is so nice to hear your voice.
3. My dream is to be a pilot.
4. He began to read and write at the age of five.
5. The teacher asked me to speak more loudly.
6. Tom came to see me last night.
7. I am glad to see you.
8.Have you got anything to say?
9.There are many places to see in China.
10.I asked him not to open the window.
11. I don't know what to buy for you.
12. I saw him dance.
13. He often helps me clean the room.
14. They are too shy to speak English.
15. He was lucky enough to find his watch.
16. I want you to go there together with me.
解析：1、To grow plants做主语；2、to hear your voice做主语；3、to be a pilot 作表语；4、to read and write作宾语；5、to speak more loudly作宾语补足语；6、to see me作状语；7、to see you作状语；8、to say作定语；9、to see作定语；10、not to open the window作宾语补足语；11、what to buy作宾语；12、dance作宾语补足语（省略to）；
13、clean the room作宾语补足语（省略to）；14、to speak English作状语；15、to find his watch作状语；16、to go there together with me作宾语补足语。
练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！
选择最佳答案填空：
1. Tell him ______ the light.
A. to turn
B. not to turn on
C. to not turn
D. not to turn
2. It took us more than two hours _______ the dinner.
A. prepare
B. preparing
C. to prepare
D. to be prepared
3. We felt the earth _______.
A. move
B. moveing
C. to move
D. be moved
4. The students were made ______ the text ten times.
A. read
B. reading
C. to read
D. to be read
5. The chair looks rather hard _______, but in fact it is very comfortable.
A. to sit
B. to sit on
C. sitting
D. sit
6. Nobody knows __________next.
A. what to do
B. to do what
C. which to do
D. how to do
7. It is very important ______ us ________these words.
A. to, to remember
B. for, to remember
C. for, remember
D. for, remembering
8. _______ English well, one must have a lot practice.
A. For speaking
B. Speaking
C. To speak
D. Speak
9. I'm going to the library ______ the books.
A. return
B. borrow
C. to return
D. to lend
10. We went to town _________ some shopping.
A. doing
B. did
C. to make
D. to do
11. The funny story _______ me laugh.
A. make
B. making
C. to make
D. made
12. After the final exam, I think all the students want _________.
A. stop to have a rest
B. to stop having a rest
C. to stop to have a rest
D. stopping to have a rest
13. It is very kind _______ you to help me with my housework. It is hard _____me to do all
the work.
A. of, for
B. for, of
C. of, to
D. to, for
14. Many people think it very difficult _______ English.
A. to say
B. to learn
C. speak
D. for speaking
15. The teacher asked the students __________ her _______ the word again.
A. listen to; to read
B. to hear; say
C. to listen to; speak
D. to listen to; pronounce
16.Remember ______ the book here tomorrow.
A. bring
B. to bring
C. take
D. to take
17. ---Let's have a rest, shall we?
--- Not now. I don't want to stop _______ the letter yet.
A. write
B. to write
C. writing
D. and write
18. ---This physics problem is too difficult. Can you show me __________, Wang Lin?
--- Sure.
A. what to work it out
B. what to work out it
C. how to work it out
D. how to work out it
19.--- How can I improve my spoken English?
--- You have to practise ______ as much as you can.
A. speak
B. speaking
C. spoken
D. to speak
20. --- How about going hiking this weekend?
--- Sorry. I prefer _______ rather than _______.
A. to stay at home, go out
B. to go out, stay at home
C. staying at home, go out
D. going out, stay at home
1-5 BBACB 6-10 ABCCD 11-15 DCABD 16-20 BCCBA
高中动词不定式用法讲解及练习
Grammar Presentation---动词不定式 一、不定式的句法功能 ●不定式作主语 ?To learn a foreign language is not easy.学习外语不是一件容易的事。 ◎不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语来代替它的位置，而将真正的主语（不定式短语）移到谓语之后 ?It’s a great honor to be invited to Mary’s birthday party.很荣幸被邀请参加玛丽的生日聚会。 ●不定式作宾语 ◎作动词宾语 ◇下列动词常接不定式作宾语，如：agree, arrange, ask, beg, choose, dare, decide, demand,expect, fail, fear, hope, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, ?They hope to find new resources for mankind.他们希望为人类找到新资源。 ◇如果不定式作宾语且有自己的补语，常用“it”作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放在后面。 下列动词常用it作形式宾语，如：believe, consider, feel, find, know, make ?I know it impossible to finish so much homework in one day. 我知道在一天中完成这么多的作业是不可能的。 ●不定式作表语 ◎不定式作表语时，一般紧跟在系动词后，说明主语的内容 ?The first step is to check the victim’s breathing.
语法：动词不定式 动词不定动式是一种非谓语动词形式，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语，但可以作除谓语之外的其它任何句子成分（主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语）；动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，同时还保持动词的某些特点，既可以有自己的宾语和状语，动词不定式和它的宾语和状语构成不定式短语。 一、构成：to do .否定式not to do 二、常见时态：一般时to do 进行时to be doing 完成式to have done 完成进行式to have been doing 三、动词不定式在句子中的成分 1、作句子的主语:现实中常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语动词不定式（或短语）后 置。 比较下列句子 To lear n from your frie nds is importa nt.=lt is importa nt to lear n from your frie nds . ______ To leave without say ing goodbye is impolite.= It is impolite to leave without saying ________ goodbye. To chat with Miss White is a pleasa nt thi ng.=lt is a pleasa nt thi ng to chat with Miss ______ White. To walk to school takes me ten minu tes.=lt takes me ten minu tes to walk to school. _______ 句型总结 It is + adj. + of sb. to do sb：?i= are +adj. +to do 在以某些表示人的品质、特征等的形容词（如kind、good、nice、wrong、clever、right等）作表语时，不定式之前常加一个引起的短语，说明不定式指的是谁的情况（可以理解为某人的好，坏，聪明，愚蠢，对，错等等）。 It is very kind of you to help me. It ' s not polite of himto speak to old people like that. It is + adj. + for sb. to do …乞aisb+Odj. +to do 女:果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的，则在不定式前加一个for引起的短语，即不定式的逻辑主语。 It is n ecessary for us to study hard ___ It is easy for him to speak En glish. 动词不定式作主语练习 1. It's our duty the room every day. A. to clea n B. clea ned C. clea n D. cleans（甘肃省）
高中英语语法讲解不定式 （The Infinitive） 定义：动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语，但它仍保持动词的特点，既可以有自己的宾语和状语。 E.g. He want his students to read the book aloud. A． 1不定式的构成（以动词do为例） 2 不定式的意义 不定式的一般式(to do ) 一般式表示的动作或状态，发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态的同时或之后My wish is to become a doctor He seemed to be tired. She stopped to have a rest. 不定式的被动式 (to be done) 当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,不定式一般要用被动式. The building to be finished next month is for our teachers. I am going to Beijing, I have something to take to my parents, do you have something to be taken to your parents? 如果谓语表示的动作(情况)发生时, 不定式表示动作正在进行,这时候不定式就要用进行式.（to be doing） They are said to be building another bridge across the street. They seemed to be talking about something important. When I went to his home, he happened to be traveling around the world. I’m glad to be working with you. 如果不定式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示动作或状态之前，就用完成式 (to have done) ；若是在此基础上的被动含义，就用完成被动式( to have been done). He is said to have written a novel about the Long March. He thought it a pity not to have invited us. The assistant seemed to have been fired. He is said to have been taught French when he was a child. Einstein is said to have built up his theory when he was in his twenties. 如果不定式的动作是在谓语所表示的时间之前一直在进行的动作，就要用完成进行式. They are said to have been collecting folk song in Xinjiang. We’re happy to have been working with the experts all the month.
动词不定式（The Infinitive） 一、概述 不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式，在句中不能单独作谓语。它有两种形式：（1）带to的不定式；（2）不带to的不定式（即通常所说的动词原形），它可以和助动词或情态动词构成谓语。不定式既有动词性质，又有名词性质。 1）不等式具有动词性质，即它有时态和语态的变化；可有自己的宾语或状语并构成不等式短语。如： Would you like to tell me an interesting story? 你可不可以给我讲一个有趣的故事？（不等式to tell有自己的宾语me和story）He was too clever a man to be fooled.他这个人很机灵，不会被愚弄的。（不等式的被动语态） I’m going to go there by bike. 我想骑自行车去那儿。（不定式有状语there） They will set up more primary schools in the countryside. 他们将在乡村修建更多的小学。（不带to的不等式与助动词will一起构成谓语）但是，不等式没有人称和数的变化，即不受人称和单数、复数的限定或影响。 She likes to play the accordion. 她喜欢弹奏手风琴。 She liked to play the accordion when she was young. 她很小就喜欢弹奏手风琴。 2）不等式具有名词性质，即它在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语等。如： To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。（作主语） This suit doesn’t seem to fit me.这件衣服似乎不适合我穿。（作表语） She wanted to see which shops offered the best service. 她想看看哪家商店提供最好的服务。（作宾语） There’s no need to be worried. 不需要担心。（作定语） He went there to see what would happen.他去那儿是想看看会出什么事。（作状语） 3）不等式虽然在语法上不能有主语，但它表示的动作，在意思上是可以有自己的主语，在语法上这个主语称为不等式的逻辑主语。这个逻辑主语可能是整个句子的主语、宾语等，也可以用一个由for引起的短语表示。如： His friends tried to encourage him. 他的朋友设法鼓励他。（不等式的逻辑主语His friends同时也是句子的主语） Every year, tobacco companies must persuade new people to start smoking cigarettes. 每年烟草公司要设法使一些比吸烟的人开始吸烟。（不等式的逻辑主语new people是句子的宾语）It’s very difficult for a foreigner to learn Chines e. 外国人学汉语是很不容易的。（不等式的逻辑主语由for引起的短语表示） 另外，不等式的否定形式一般在它的前面直接加not或never。 The teacher has told me many times not to come late again.老师多次告诉我不要再来晚了。 She seems not to have a bright time with her new friends.和新朋友在一起她似乎过得不是太好。 二、不定式的主要用法 动词不等式具有名词、形容词及副词的特征，因此在句中可作主语、宾语、宾语（或主语）补足语、表语、定语、及状语等。 1、不定式作主语 ①不等式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 To conquer English is not easy. 征服英语不容易。 To make plan firs t is a good idea. 先制定计划是个好主意。 To know everything is to know nothing. 事事皆通，无一精通。 ②不等式作主语时，常常用形式主语it替代，而将真正的主语不等式放在句子的后面。 It is necessary to master a foreign language.掌握一门外语很有必要。 It’s a great pleasure to see you again.再次见到你真高兴。 It is a bad manner to stare at a foreign guest.盯着外宾看是一种不良的举动。 ③如果说明不等式表示的动作是谁做的，可以在不等式的前面加一个for引起的短语，这就是常见的“It is adj./n. for sb. to do sth.”句式。如： It is good manners for an Arab to stand close to his friends when they are talking. 对阿拉伯人来说，交谈时站得离朋友近些是好的礼貌。 It is a great honor for us to be presented at the party.我们能来参加晚会，深感荣幸。 It will be a regret for us not to help him. 我们没有帮助他是个遗憾。 ④在某些形容词（如kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, wrong, right, foolish, stupid, careless, considerate, rude, naughty, impolite等）作表语时，不等式前常加一个以of引起的短语，来说明不等式指的是谁的情况。这就是常见的 “It is adj. of sb to do sth.”句式。如：
动词不定式专项训练 A. to solve B. to be solve C. being solved D. solving A. for her to return B. that she must return C. her returning D. of him to return A. costs... to get B. costs... getting C. takes... to get D. takes... getting A. to explain B. to have been explained C. to be explained D. to be explaining A. to learn B. to be learning C. to have learned D. to have been learning Keys: 1-5 A A C C C
专项练习 1.The flu is believed_______ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat. A. causing B. being caused C. to be caused D. to have been caused 2.There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars road conditions need A. that. .. to be improved B. which ... to be improved C. where. . . to be improving D. when.. . improving 3.Remember_________the magazine when you have finished reading it. A. putting back B. having put back
非谓语动词 一、英语句子需要遵循一个总原则：一个句子只能有一个动词。当一个句子必须要出现两个或两个以上的动词才能完整 表达一个意思时，为了不违法总原则，英语有四种处理方式： 1. 切分成两个或者多个句子 She is a girl. She likes English 2. 将一个谓语动词做主句，其余动词改成从句 She is the girl who likes singing. 3. 添加and, but, or, when, because, not only..but also, either..or 等连词变成并列结构 She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat. 4. 将其中一个动词变成非谓语动词形式 She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat. 二、非谓语动词使用条件：一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词），又没有连词(and,but,or等)的情况下， 还有别的动词出现时，这时就要用非谓语动词 三、非谓语除了不能做谓语外，其他成分都可以做 不定式（to do） 四、非谓语动词三种形式分词现在分词（doing） 过去分词( done ) 动名词(doing) 五、非谓语动词解题技巧： 1. 判断是不是用非谓语动词（1.看有没有逗号 2.看有没有谓语 3.看有没有连词。要牢记英语中逗号不能连接两个 句子，一个句子如果没有连词只能有一个谓语） 2. 判断是主语和动词是主动还是被动关系 3. 判断时间, 确定非谓语动词和主句动词谁先发生，谁后发生 不定式的用法 不定式构成一般式完成式进行式 主动关系to do to have done to be doing 被动关系to be done to have been done 不定式动词和谓语动词发生的时间关系不定式的动作和谓语动作同时发生， 或发生谓语动作之后 he seems to know a lot 不定式的动作发生在谓语动 作之前 I regretted to have told you a lie. 不定式的动作和谓语 动作同时发生 I’m glad to be talking with you 不定式否定形式在to前加not. 即not to..... 不定式充当的成分主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，宾补
Grammar Presentation---动词不定式 一、不定式的句法功能 ●不定式作主语 ?To learn a foreign language is not easy.学习外语不是一件容易的事。 ◎不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语来代替它的位置，而将真正的主语（不定式短语）移到谓语之后 ?It’s a great honor to be invited to Mary’s birthday party.很荣幸被邀请参加玛丽的生日聚会。 ●不定式作宾语 ◎作动词宾语 ◇下列动词常接不定式作宾语，如：agree, arrange, ask, beg, choose, dare, decide, demand,expect, fail, fear, hope, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, ?They hope to find new resources for mankind.他们希望为人类找到新资源。 ◇如果不定式作宾语且有自己的补语，常用“it”作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放在后面。 下列动词常用it作形式宾语，如：believe, consider, feel, find, know, make ?I know it impossible to finish so much homework in one day. 我知道在一天中完成这么多的作业是不可能的。 ●不定式作表语 ◎不定式作表语时，一般紧跟在系动词后，说明主语的内容 ?The first step is to check the victim’s breathing. 第一步是检查受害人的呼吸。 ●不定式作补语 ?I’d like the problem to be discussed at the next meeting.我希望这个问题在下一次会上讨论。 ●不定式作定语 ?The students have a lot of homework to do every day.学生们每天都有很多家庭作业要做。 ●不定式作状语 不定式可以作原因状语、结果状语、目的状语以及方式状语 不定式在下列句式中作目的状语：so as to do, in order to do ?In order to ensure your hair looks its best, pay attention to what you eat. 为了保证你的头发是最佳状态，请注意你的饮食。 二：不定式考点归纳： 考点1：不定式的时态和语态： 1.---Is Bob still performing? ---I’m afraid not. He is said ____the stage already as he has become an official. A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left 2.The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ____ the film stars had left. A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told 1．A. 根据句子的意思“据说他已经离开了舞台”，要用不定式的完成式的主动形式。2．B. 用动词的不定式的被动形式表示结果状语。 考点2：不定式的功能：不定式具有名词的特征，可以作主语或宾语（例5），具有形容词的特征，可以作表语、定语或补足语（例4）；具有副词的特征，在句子中可以作状语（例3）。
北京四中 撰稿老师：黄浩编审老师：蔡正礼责任编辑：丁华 动词不定式的用法讲解及练习题 不定式既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词，形容词和副词的句法功能 否定式：not +不定式 不定式的时态 一般说来，不定式一般式表示的动作有时与限定动词表示的动作同时发生，也有时发生在限定动词表示的动作之后。如： Who heard him say that? He seems to know this. I hope to see you again. 不定式进行式表示动作正在进行，通常与限定动词表示的动作同时发生，如： They are said to be building another bridge across the river. I happened to be going that way too. 不定式完成式表示的动作发生在限定动词表示的动作之前，如： I am sorry to have given you so much trouble. I am glad to have seen your mother. 不定式的句法功能： （1）作主语 To talk with him is a great pleasure. 不定式短语作主语时，为了保持句子的平衡，往往以it作形式主语，而把不定式短语置于谓语动词之后，如： It's nice to hear your voice. （2）作表语
Her wish is to become an artist. （3）作宾语 常用于及物动词: want , hope, wish, like, need, hate, offer, prefer, begin, start, attempt, decide, determine, expect, promise, pretend, refuse ,afford, manage, help等之后，如： You should continue to learn as long as you live. 注1：如果作宾语的不定式又有自己的补语，则须用先行词it 作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语不定式后置，如： They found it impossible to get everything ready in time. 注2：不定式一般不能作介词的宾语，只有在极少数介词如:but, except等后边才行。此时不定式可以带to或不带to,如： In very cold winter weather a cold-blooded animal has no choice but to lie down and sleep. There was nothing left to do but clean the windows.(前边有do, to 省略) 但“疑问词+不定式”结构可以作介词的宾语，如： I have no idea about what to do next. （4）作宾语补足语 通常用于及物动词或动词短语：want ,wish, ask, order, beg, tell, permit, know, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, require, call on, wait for 等之后，如： The teacher asked the students to hand in their homework. （5）作定语 不定式作定语时，须放在被它修饰的名词或代词之后。被修饰的名词或代词往往是不定式的逻辑宾语。 I have a lot of work to do. 当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可用主动语态，又可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。所以如果修饰名词的不定式的动作是主语作的, 不定式用主动。
初中英语语法（动词不定式） 1．不定式的基本形式与结构 动词不定式指通常由to加上动词原形(如to write) 所构成的一种非限定性动 词形式，但在有些情况下to可以省略。动词不定式有进行体和完成体(如上to be writing，to have written)，也有被动态(如to be written)，所有的主动词，不论是 及物动词还是不及物动词，也不论是动作动词还是状态动词，都有不定式形式。 助动词除be和have外，没有不定式形式。动词不定式在语法功能上可作主语、 宾语、表语、定语和状语。 2．不定式的用法 1)不定式结构作主语 1.Te get contact with his family in Taiwan made him extremely happy since they separated more than 40 years ago． 2.To finish that task in such a short time is really a challenge． 在上述情况下，如果不定式较长，显得头重脚轻，则可由代词让作形式主语(形式主语it不可由that或this等其他代词代替)，而将不定式放到后面。如： 1.It made him extremely happy to get contact with his family in Taiwan since they separated more than 40 years ago． 2.John admitted that it is always difficult for him to be on time． 不定式结构所表示的动作是谁做的，即不定式的逻辑主语，通常可以通过for sb. to do sth. 结构表达： 1.It is quite important for us to read good books during a general review． 2.It is not difficult fot those talented students to pass the exam. 在某些形容词(如careless，clever，considerate，foolish，good，impolite，kind，naughty，nice，silly，stupid等)作表语时，不定式后可以加of来引导出其逻辑主语： 1.It is very kind of you to tell me the truth． 2.It is stupid of him to do such a silly thing． 2)不定式作宾语 不定式作宾语有两种：一种是及物动词后直接跟带to的不定式，另一种是“及物动词+疑问词+带to的不定式。 及物动词+带to的不定式结构: 只能跟动词不定式的动词，常见的有: afford，agree，aim，appear，ask，believe，care，claim，decide demand，desire，determine，expect，fail，happen，hesitate，hope，intend，learn，long，manage，offer，pretend，promise，prepare，refuse，seek，swear，undertake，want，wish等。 1.He managed to solve the complicated problem. 2.The stranger offered to show me the way. 3.Mr. Smith undertook to build a new plant in South Africa. 动词+疑问代(副)词+不定式： 这类动词常见的有advise，decide，find out，forget，inquire，know，learn，
动词不定式用法小结 动词不定式用法小结 动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为“to＋动词原形”，其中to不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，称为小品词，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语，在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。 一. 作主语例如： To be a doctor is hard. 做医生很难。 To learn English well is not easy. 学好英语不容易。 动词不定式（短语）作主语时，为了避免句子的头重脚轻，可以用“it”作形式主语，而把真正的主语－－动词不定式（短语）放在句子的后部。例如上面的句子可以表示为： It is hard to be a doctor. It is not easy to learn English well. 再如： It’s important to plant trees in spring. 如果动词不定式的动作是谁做的，可以在动词不定式前面加一个由介词for 引导的短语，称为不定式的复合结构。例： It’s good for us to read English aloud in the morning. 对我们来说每天早晨大声读英语是很有益的。 It is important for students to use English every day. 对学生来说每天使用英语是很重要的。 二. 作表语： 动词不定式（短语）作表语常用于系词be的后面。例： His work is to drive a car. 他的工作是开车。 My job is to feed animals. 我的工作是饲养动物。 Her ambition is to be a doctor. 她的理想是当医生。 三. 作宾语 动词不定式（短语）可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语，能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有：begin,start, want, forget, remember, show, learn, like, hate, love, ask等。例： I want to tell you a story. 我想给你讲个故事。 They begin to work at eight every morning. 他们每天早晨8点开始工作。 Don’t forget to lock the door. 别忘了锁门。 Would you like to go and have a picnic with us tomorrow? 明天和我们一起去野餐好吗？
动词不定式练习题及 讲解
动词不定式用法要点讲解 一、作主语 动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种： (1)把不定式置于句首。如： To get there by bike will take us half an hour. (2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如： ①It＋be＋名词＋to do It's our duty to take good care of the old. ②It takes sb+some time+to do How long did it take you to finish the work? ③It＋be＋形容词＋for sb＋to do It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition a quarter of an hour. ④It＋be＋形容词＋of sb＋to do It is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says. ⑤It seems(appears)＋形容词＋to do It seemed impossible to save money. 二、作宾语 ⒈不定式作宾语 ①以下动词后，只能跟不定式作宾语。如： agree,ask,aim,arrange,choose,decide,demand,expect,fail ,help,hope,lean,long manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,wish等，这些词大部分可接 th at引导的从句。如： When our visit to the farm was over, we expected to start back on foot. When our visit to the farm was over, we expected that we would start back on foot. ②当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时，先用形式宾语it代替不定式，把不定式置于补语之后，即：主语＋动词＋it＋补语＋to do句式。 He feels it his duty to help the poor. ③介词but,except,besides+to do(do) 在这种句型中，如介词前有动词do，后面应接不带to的不定式；如无do，则接to 不定式，即带do不带to，带to不带do。如： The enemy soldiers had no choice but to give in. ⒉部分动词后面，既可接动词不定式，也可接动名词作宾语，意义不变。如：begin,continue,start,hate,like,love,need,require,want等。 在need,require,want后接-ing形式，表示被动意义，也可接不定式，但要用被动形式，如：Your handwriting needs improving(tobe improved). hate,love,like接不定式表示特定的未来事件，接动名词表示目前正在进行的活动或一般的行为。 在下列情况下，一般要用不定式： ①hate,like,love前有would(should)时，如：I'd like to have a cup of coffee. ②当谓语动词begin,continue,start等是进行式时，如：Thestudents are starting to work on the difficult maths problem. ③begin,continue,start与know,understand等状态动词连用时，如：I soon began to understand what was happening. 3．advise,allow,encourage,forbid,permit等动词后接动名词作宾语，或带不定式作宾语补足语。如： Our teachers don't permit our/us swimming in the lake. Our teachers don't permit us to swim in the lake. 4．部分动词后接不定式或动名词时，意义差别较大，应根据句子语境选择使用。 ①forget,remember,regret后接不定式，表示现在或未来的动作，接动名词表示动作已经发生。如： We regret to tell you that all of you are not invited to attend the meeting. They regretted ordering these books from abroad. ②mean to do 打算做某事 ;mean doing 意味着…… ③try to do 设法尽力做某事; try doing 试着做某事 ④stop to do 停下一件事去做另一件事（不定式作目的状语）; stop doing 停止做某事 ⑤can't help doing 禁不住…; can’t to do不能帮助干…… ⑥go on to do 做不同的事或不同内容的事; doing 继续不停地做某事，指同一动作的继续 ⑦leave off to do 离开某地去干什么（目的状语）; leave doing停下某事 三、做表语 To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people. 四、作定语 不定式在句中作定语，置于被修饰的名词或代词之后。如： Have you anything to be taken to your sister? 收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除
动词不定式的用法 概念： 动词不定式由to+动词原形构成。这里的to是不定式标志，没有词义。不定式具有名词、形容词或副词的某些语法功能，又有动词的时态和语态的特点及作用。可以做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语。 一、作主语 动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种： (1)把不定式置于句首。如： To get there by bike will take us half an hour. (2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如： ①It＋be＋名词＋to do It's our duty to take good care of the old. ②It takes sb+some time+to do How long did it take you to finish the work ③It＋be＋形容词＋for sb＋to do It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour. 在句型③中，常用表示客观情况的形容词，如： easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better; the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough ④It＋be＋形容词＋of sb＋to do It is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says. 在句型④中，常用 careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless（欠考虑的；不考虑的）, brave, considerate(考虑周到的), selfish(自私的)等表示赞扬或批评的词。在不定式前的sb，可看作其逻辑主语。这一句式有时相当于Sb is＋形容词＋to do句式，如：It's kind of you to help me with my English.=You are kind to help me with my English. ⑤It seems(appears)＋形容词＋to do It seemed impossible to save money. It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。 注意：1) 其他系动词如，look，appear等也可用于此句型 2) 不定式作为句子主语时，动词用单数形式。 3) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is… to…的句 型 对应性：To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。 二、作宾语 1) 以下动词后，只能跟不定式作宾语 afford （付得起），agree（同意），aim(力求做到), appear（显得），arrange（安排），ask（要求），attempt （试图），care（想要），choose（决定），claim（声称），condescend （屈尊），consent（准许），decide（决定），demand（要求），determine（决心），endeavor （竭力），expect（期待），fail（未履行），help（帮助），hesitate（犹豫），hope（希望），learn（学会），manage（设法），neglect（疏忽），offer（主动提出），plan（计划），prepare （准备），pretend（假装），proceed（接着做），promise（答应），prove（证明），refuse （拒绝），resolve（解决），seem（觉得好像），swear（发誓），tend（往往会），threaten （威胁），undertake（承诺），volunteer（自愿做），vow（发誓），want（想要），wish（希
动词不定式 【概念引入】 1. 动词不定式名言： （1）动词不定式作表语 To lose is to learn. 失败就是学习。 （2）动词不定式作主语 It is better to give than to take. 给予比接受更好。 （3）不定式作宾语 Expect to be treated as you have treated others. 你怎样待别人，就指望别人怎样待你。 （4）不定式作宾补 Adversity causes some men to break，others to break records. 逆境使一些人崩溃，也使一些人破记录。 （5）不定式作定语 There is a time to talk and a time to act. 该说的时候说，该做的时候做。 （6）不定式作目的状语 To find the exact answer，one must first ask the exact question. 要找到确切的答案，首先必须提出确切的问题。 2. 动词不定式定义： 动词不定式是一种非谓语形式（不能作谓语），基本形式是to do形式(to是不定式符号的标志，无意义，可以不翻译) 肯定式：to + 动词原形 否定式：not to + 动词原形 【用法讲解】 1.动词不定式的特征 动词不定动式是一种非谓语动词形式，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语，但可以作除谓语之外的其它任何句子成分（主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语）；动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，同时还保持动词的某些特点，既可以有自己的宾语和状语，动词不定式和它的宾语和状语构成不定式短语。 2. 动词不定式在句子中的作用 动词不定式是由to+动词原形构成，在句中起名词，形容词和副词的作用，可以担任除谓语以外的其它任何成分。 （1）动词不定式作主语。例如： To master a language is not an easy thing. 掌握一门语言不是一件容易的事情。 To teach English is my favorite. 教英语是我的爱好。 It's my pleasure to help you. 很乐意帮助你。 （2）动词不定式作宾语。 某些及物动词可以用动词不定式作宾语，这些动词有decide, begin, help, want, wish, like, forget, learn, ask等。例如： I like to help others if I can. 如果有可能的话，我喜欢帮助别人。 I want to buy a new car when I have enough money. 我有钱时想买一辆新车。