概述
动词的时态、非谓语动词，定语从句和虚拟语气等语法结构是高职高专学生必须掌握的基本语法知识，也是AB级考试试题中常出现的语法点。本讲参考了高职高专英语通用教材，结合AB级考试的语法考点列出历年真题，并从语法定义、例题分析、试题链接、综合训练四个方面来帮助学生正确理解和掌握语法结构。这将有助于提高学生们的阅读理解能力，对英汉翻译的准确判断也十分有帮助。
一、动词的时态
I. 定义
时态是英语谓语动词的一种形式，表示动作发生的时间和所处的状态。英语时态通过动词形式的变化来实现。它表示两个概念范畴。即时间和方式。时间指动词的行为或状态是发生在现在、过去或将来。方式指动词的行为或状态经常发生、正在发生或已经发生。将二者综合起来，就构成了十几种时态。以下几种是我们必须要掌握的。
一般现在式现在进行式现在完成式
一般式：一般过去式进行式过去进行式完成式：过去完成式一般将来式将来进行式将来完成式
1.一般现在时：一般现在时是以动词原形来表示的。
用法：1.表示习惯性、经常性、重复发生的动作、特征或状态以及客观事实和真理等。
2.用于时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时
3.表示预先计划或安排好的将来行为
4.询问或引用书籍、通知或新近接到的信件内容。
例题分析
1. I go running three times a week.
我每周跑步三次。（表示反复发生的动作）
2.When they leave school, they will go to work in Tibet.
毕业后他们将到西藏工作。
（在时间和条件从句中用一般现在时代替将来时）
3. Light travels more quickly than sound.
光比声音运行得更快。（表示客观真理）
4.Galileo insisted that the earth moves round the sun.
伽利略坚持认为地球绕著太阳转。
（宾语从句所述的是客观真理，它的谓语动词需用一般现在时）
2. 一般过去时：一般现在时表示过去某时间的动作或状态。
用法：1.表示过去某个特定的时间或某一段时间发生的动作和情况。
2.表示过去的习惯。
3.在条件、时间状语从句中表示过去将来的动作。
4.用于虚拟语气，表示现在或将来的一种愿望、假设或非真实情况。
例题分析
1.We had a good swim yesterday.
昨天我们好好游了一次泳。（.表示过去某个特定的时间）
2. When we lived there , we used to go that place.
我们住在那儿时，常去那个地方。（表示过去的习惯。）
3. I wouldn?t go with you if it rained tomor row。
如果明天下雨的话,我就不和你一起去了。（在条件句中表示过去将来的动作。）
4. I wish I were a doctor.
我希望我是一名医生。（对将来的一种愿望和假设）
3.一般将来时：一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或情况，通常跟有一个表示将来
的时间状语，如soon，next week，tomorrow 等，其形式一般为shall 或wil 加动词原形。
用法：1.表示将来的动作或状态。
2. 表示将来经常发生的动作。
3.be going to 表示最近打算要做的事情。
4. be to do 表示按计划要发生的事情。
5.be about to do 结构表示“即将(正要)做某事”。
6.go, come, leave, start, arrive, take off 等现在进行时表示计划、安排将要发
生的动作。
例题分析
1.Our teacher is coming in a minute.
我们老师一会儿就来。（come,go等动词进行时表示计划）
2. We shall come and work in the factory every year.
每年我们都会来该工厂工作。（表示将来反复发生的动作）
3. The English party is about to begin.
英语晚会即将开始。（be about to do表示即将发生的动作）
4. 现在进行时：由助动词be 的适当形式(am, is ,are) + 现在分词构成。
用法：1.表示说话的时刻或现阶段正进行的动作或发生的情况,常与时间状语now, at present, at this moment, these days等连用。
2. 有时可表示一个按计划即将发生的动作，但仅适用少数词，而且常带有
一个时间状语。常见的这类动词有：go, come, leave, arrive 等。
例题分析
1. It was a dark night and strong wind was blowing.
那是一个漆黑的夜晚，风在呼呼地刮着。（表示过去某一时间内正在进
行的动作。）
2. Professor Wang is attending a conference in Paris.
王教授正在巴黎参加一个会议。(表示说话的时刻正进行的动作)
3. I am leaving for Shanghai.
我准备前往上海。（与leave, arrive 等连用表示意图或打算）
5. 过去进行时：过去进行时由was (were) +v-ing构成
用法：1.过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作,这一动作常用过去的时间状语表示。
2.表示过去某一时间内正在进行的动作。
3.过去进行时还常常用于故事中情节的描述。
例题分析
1.I am busy at the moment. I am working on the computer.
此刻我在忙.正在电脑上工作。（at the moment表示正在进行的动作）
2. At nine o?clock yesterday morning we were waiting for the bus.
昨天早晨九点我们在等车。(表示过去某一时间内正在进行的动作)
3. I t was a dark night and a strong wind was blowing.
夜很黑，大风呼呼地吹著。（过去进行时可用来描写故事发生的背景）6.将来进行时：将来进行时的构成形式是:will/should+be+v-ing
用法：1.强调在将来某一刻或某一段时间中一个动作正在进行或发生；
2.表示计划或决定要做的事，在口语中常用来表示预计即将发生或势必发
生的动作。
例题分析
1. We …ll be having a meeting tonight from 7 to 9.
今晚7点到9点，我们将在开会。（强调在将来某一刻正在进行的动作；）
2. Next month ,the Arctic Sunrise will be visiting the Philippines and
Thailand.
下个月北极日号将访问菲律宾和泰国。(表示计划或决定要做的事)
7.现在完成时：现在完成时由 have (has) + 过去分词构成
用法：1.表示动作或状态发生在过去，但对现在有影响。
2.表示动作或状态从过去某时间开始一直延续到现在(可能还要继续下
去)。
3.句中有so far；up to now；up to present；these days 等表示到现在为止
这段时间的状语，需用现在完成时。
4.在It is the first/second/third/…time that结构，It is the only…结构，It is the
best/finest/worst/most interesting etc.…结构，It is (has been)… since…that
结构中，从句中的谓语动词需要用现在完成时。
例题分析
1.We have set up many new factories in this area.
我们已经在这个城市建立了许多新工厂。
（表示动作发生在过去对现在有影响）
2.I haven?t watched any television so far this week.
这周我一直没有看电视。
（so far表示到现在为止这段时间的状语，需用现在完成时）
3.This is the third time I?ve stayed in this hotel.。
这是我第三次住这个宾馆。
（It is the first/second…time that结构中用现在完成时。）
8. 过去完成时：过去完成时由had + 过去分词构成
用法：1.过去完成时表示过去的将来。
2.过去完成时表示过去某时刻以前发生和完成的动作或存在的状态，常用
由by, before等介词或连词引起的表示过去某一时间为止的时间状语。
3.过去完成时也常用在no sooner...than 和hardly/scarcely... when
(before) 等句型中。
4.用于虚拟语气条件句中表示与过去事实相反。
5.动词hope, expect, think, intend, mean, want, suppose, plan等用过去完成时
表示未实现的愿望、打算和意图。
例题分析
1. By the end of last term we had learned 1200 new words.
到上学期末我们已经学了1200 个新单词。
（by the end 与过去某一时间连用要用过去完成时）
2．Hardly had he entered the office when (before) the phone rang.
他一进办公室，电话铃就响了。
（hardly/scarcely... when (before) 等句型中要用过去完成时）
3. I hadn?t had any English before I came here.
来这以前我一点英语都不懂。
（主句和从句的谓语动词发生在不同的时间点，先发生的动作要用过去完成时。）
4. We had meant to tell her the news but found that she wasn?t in.
我们打算告诉她这条消息，但发现她不在家。
（mend用过去完成时表示本来打算做而没有做的事。）
9. 将来完成时：将来完成时的构成形式是shall / will + 过去分词
用法：1.表示在未来某一时刻前已完成或发生的动作而对所说的将来时间点仍有影响。
2.将来完成时可用来表示一种猜测。
例题分析
1. By 2008,we will have completed all the tasks.
到2008 年我们将完成所有的任务。
（by the time/by the end 与将来时间连用要用将来完成时。）
2. I guess the rain will have stopped by tomorrow.
我猜想到明天雨已经停了。
（将来完成时可用来表示一种猜测。）
试题链接
1. If it_____fine tomorrow, we will go to a picnic.
A.is
B.be
C.was
D.will be
2. I wish I ______young again。
A. will be
B. am
C. was
D. were
3. I _____ you the book as soon as possible.
A. returned
B.will return
C. would return
D.am returning
4. He _____ take over my work.
A.is
B.was to
C. is to
D.be to
5 .He_______ for Shanghai tomorrow.
A.leave
B. leaves
C.is leaving
D.will leave
6.They_______ many great achievements during the past few years.
A.had made
B.have made
C.made make
7. Mary______ ill for three weeks. She is still in hospital.
A. has been
B. am
C. was
D. had been
8. John________ some Chinese before he came to China.
A. learned
B. learns
C. had learned
D. learn
9.If a doctor had been available, the boy ________
A.hadn?t died
B. didn?t die
C.will not die
D. would not have died.
10.Hurry up! Or she _________ before we get there.
A.left
B.leaves
C.has left
D.will have left
11. It is high time they _______this road.
A. mend
B.mended
C. must have mended
D. will mend
12. It is the first time we ________here.
A. came
B. have come
C. are coming
D. come
13. I ______my breakfast when the morning post came.
A. had
B. had been having
C. have been having
D. was having
14. Tome _____the four o?clock train this afternoon.
A. arrived at
B. is arrived in
C. arrives at
D. is arriving on
15. It ______almost every day so far this month.
A. is raining
B. rained
C. rains
D. has been raining
常用的几种动词时态比较
试题链接
1. The train ______ before I reached the station.
A. has left
B. had left
C. was leaving
D. left
2. We ______ the matter several times this year.
A.were discussing
B.are discussing
C.have been discussing
D.had been discussing 3. Julia hadn?t reached the restaurant when Jim ______ there.
A. got
B. has got
C. had got
D. was getting
4. Have you been to Shanghai? Y es, I ______ there last year.
A. have been
B. had been
C. went
D. have gone
5. Mary always has a lot of letters to write. She ______ letters all afternoon and she still ______.
A. wrote, has not finished
B. has written, didn?t finished
C. has written , has not finished
D. wrote ,didn?t finished
6. Over the twenty years the roles women play at home and in work _____.
A. had changed
B. would have changed
C. have changed
D. would changed
7. Many years ago, Jim ______ in Paris with his uncle for a long period of time.
A. had been living
B. had lived
C. lived
D. has been living
8. Since she left home, I ______ at all well.
A.wasn?t sleeping
B.am not sleeping
C.hadn?t slept
D.haven?t been sleeping
9. I hope that they______the road by the time we come back.
A.will have repaired
B. would have repaired C have repaired. Dhad repaired
10.We _____our breakfast when an old man came to the door.
A. just have had
B. have just had
C. just had
D. had just had
综合练习
1. The sun ____in the east and ____ in the west.
A .rise ,set B. rises , sets C. rose ,set D. is rising ,is setting
2. If you ____ television every morning, your eyes will ache.
A. sit and watch
B. will sit and watch
C. are to sit and watch
D. sat and watched
3. When I arrived at his office, he ____ on the phone.
A. was speaking
B. spoke
C. had been speaking
D. had spoken
4. It is the thickest book that I ____.
A. have ever read
B. had ever read
C. have been reading
D. had been reading
5. I was so happy to see John again last Sunday. We ____ each other for two years.
A. haven?t seen
B. hadn?t seen
C. have seen
D. had seen
6. She hoped that they ____ again someday.
A. will meet
B. would meet
C. meet D .are meeting
7. By the end of this month, we surely ____ a satisfactory solution to the problem.
A. will find
B. find
C. have found
D. will have found
8. Tom ____ eat out every d ay, but now he can?t afford it.
A. used
B. used to
C. is used to
D. was used to
9. I ____ TV when Mr. Zhang visited me
A. had watched
B. had been watching
C. was watching
D. Have been watching
10.Both of his parents ____ for many years, leaving him a homeless child.
A. have died
B. died
C. have been dead
D. have been dying
11.Great changes ____ in our institute in the last few years.
A. have taken place
B. has taken place
C. took place
D. had taken place
12.So far, I ____ to Nanjing city more than twenty times.
A. have gone
B. have been
C. had gone
D. had been
13.The station master told us the train ____ five minutes before.
A. left
B. has left
C. had left
D. had been left
14.By the time you arrive in London ,we ____ in Europe for two weeks.
A. shall stay
B. have stayed
C. will have stayed
D. have been staying
15.No sooner _____ home than it began to rain.
A. we reached
B. has we reached
C. had we reached
D. we were reaching
16.The guide told us that an incident ____ here in 1925.
A. was taken place
B. was taking place
C. would taken place
D. had taken place
17.While Laura ____ in the garden, it suddenly ____ to rain.
A. sat …began
B.was sitting began
C. sat was beginning
D. was sitting…was beginning
18.We never imagined that John ____ a doctor.
A. would become
B. will become
C. became
D. becomes
19. Mr. Smith ____ some Chinese lessons before he came to China in 1975.
A .has learned B. learned C. has been learned D. had learned
20.It ____ for a week and the streets are flooded.
A. rained
B. is raining
C. has been raining
D. should have rained III．历年真题
1. On his way home he suddenly remembered that he (not lock) ______ the door of
the office. (2004.B)
2. He was told that the stranger (wait) ______ for him for two hours. (2004.B)
3. The room (be on) ______ fire for five minutes when I got there. (2005.B)
4. I lost my bag the day before, but it ______ now. (200
5.B)
A. has found
B. was found
C. had been found
D. is found
5. I ___ for three years by the time I take my examination. (200
6.B)
A. has been studying English
B. studies English
C. will have been studying English
D. studied English
6. When we got to the station, the train ____for 5 minutes. (2006.B)
A. has left
B. had been leaving
C. had been away
D. left
二．非谓语动词
定义
在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词有动词不定式（the Infinitive）；动名词（the Gerund）；现在分词（the Present Participle）；过去分词（the Past Participle）。
1．动词不定式（the Infinitive）
A．作主语
例句: 1)To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.
动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，例如上面第一句可用如下形式：
It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.
B．作表语
例句: 1)Her job is to clean the hall.
C．作宾语
常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn,
pretend,
refuse,manage, help, agree, promise, prefer; continue; arrange.
例句:1) We should continue to learn as long as you live.
2) I have no choice but to stay here. (充当介词宾语)
3) He gave us some advice on how to learn English. (与疑问词连用)
4) Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.
(不定式宾语后有补足语，用 it 作形式宾语)
D．作宾语补足语
在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：
w ant, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade，allow, prepare, cause, force,
call on, wait for, invite.
例如：I di dn?t expect you to arrive so early.
有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have 等与不带有to的不定式连用，但改
为被动语态时，不定式要加to。
例句： 1) I saw him cross the road.
2) He was seen to cross the road.
E．作定语
动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后，与所修饰名词主要是动宾关系。
例句： 1) I have a meeting to attend.
2) It?s time to go to bed.
注意：1.不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，应有必要的介词；但如果不定式修饰time, place, way，则可以省略介词。
例句：1) He found a good house to live in.
2) The child has nothing to worry about.
3) What did you open it with?
4) He has no place to live (in ).
2.如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者，不定式可用主动式也可
用被动式。
1) Have you got anything to send?
2) Have you got anything to be sent?
F．作状语
①表示目的
例句： 1) He worked day and night to get the money.
2) She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.
注意：不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：
To learn English well, a dictionary is needed. (wrong)
To learn English well, he needs a dictionary. (right)
②表示结果
例句：3) He arrived late to find the train gone.
③表示原因
例句：4) They were very sad to hear the news.
④表示程度
例句：5) It's too dark for us to see anything.
试题链接
1. It?s advisable ______ twice before accepting that offer.
A. for your thinking
B. for you to think
C. of your thinking
D. of you to think
2. The problem of ______ as his successor was quickly disposed of.
A. which to select
B. whom to select
C. selecting which
D. selecting whom
3. Mr. Green ran all the way up to the station only ______that the train had left fifteen minutes before.
A. finding
B. to find
C. to be find
D. to be finding
4. There are more than fifty proposals ______ at the conference.
A. to discuss
B. to be discussed
C. discussing
D. having discussed 5．The chairman would prefer the matter ________at the next meeting.
A. being discussed
B. to be discussed
C. discussing
D. to discuss 6．My suggestion is _______.
A. to carry out the plan immediately
B. to carrying out the plan immediately
C. being carried out the plan immediately
D. carried out the plan immediately
7. The doctor advised me______on a stick diet.
A. to go
B. going
C. I should go
D. go
8. I regret ______you that I can …t go to Hangzhou for a visit next Sunday with you
because I …ve caught a bad cold.
A. to tell
B. telling
C. leaving
D. left
9. The order _________machines will come from the control room.
A. stopped
B. stopping
C. to stop
D.having stopped
10. I have bought this stool __________.
A. sit with
B. sitting with
C. to sit
D. to sit with
2．动名词（the Gerund）
例题分析
A．作主语
例句: 1) Reading aloud is very helpful.
2) It's no use quarrelling. (动名词作主语时常用it作形式主语) B．作表语
例句: 1) Her job is taking care of the children.
C．作宾语
例句: 1) They haven't finished building the dam.
2) We have to prevent the air from being polluted。
注意: 动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语，如上面两个例句。此外，动名词作宾语时，若跟有宾语补足语，则常用形式宾语it。
3) We found it no good making fun of others.
要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：
enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid, excuse, delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit, deny, mind, permit, forbid, practice, risk, appreciate, be busy, be worth, feel like, can't stand, can't help, think of, dream of, be fond o f, prevent…(from), keep …from, stop…from, protect…from, set about, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like
要知道如下动词既可跟动名词又可接不定式，但意思差别较大。
（1）remember to do 记住要做某事(2) forget to do 忘记做某事remember doing 记得做过某事forget doing忘记做过某事(3) try to do设法做某事（4）regret to do 很遗憾要做某事
try doing试着做某事regret doing 后悔做了某事(5) want to do 想做某事(6) go on to do接着做另一件事
W ant doing 需要……..被动）go on doing 继续做某事
试题链接
1. It?s no good ______ him. He doesn?t help himself.
A. helped
B. helping
C. to help
D. to helping
2. His aim is ______ a good time.
A. everybody to have
B. everybody to having
C. everybody having
D. everybody have
3. We must avoid ______ such mistakes again.
A. to make
B. to making
C. made
D. making
4. I heard of his ______ to be the coach of the team.
A. having chosen
B. having been chosen
C. choosing
D. chosen
5．My room is a mess. It wants _________.
A. tidying up
B. being tidied up
C. to tidy up
D. to tidied 6．The notebook computer allows you to work without _________ to an office.
A. limiting
B. being limited
C. having limited
D. limited
7. Ｉregret _______you that your application has been refused.
A. informing
B. being informed
C. to be informed
D. to inform
8. No one thought that John?s suggestion was worth_______.
A. to consider
B. considering
C. to be considered
D. of consideration
9. I vaguely remember______something like that.
A. his saying
B. him to say
C. him having said
D. that he had said
10. It?s no use_______ me not worry.
A. you tell
B. your telling
C. for you to have told
D. having told 3．分词（participle）现在分词
例题分析
A．作定语
现在分词作定语，当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语做定语，则放在名词后。
例句: 1) In the following years he worked even harder.
2) The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.
现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能，如：
in the following years = in the years that followed
the man speaking to the teacher = the man who is speaking to the teacher
B．作表语
例句: 1) The film being shown in the cinema is exciting.
2)The present situation is inspiring.
C 作宾语补足语
如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语：
see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等。
例句: 1) Can you hear her singing the song in the next room?
2)He kept the car waiting at the gate.
D．作状语
例句: 1) (While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.
（时间状语）
2)B eing a League member, he is always helping others.
（原因状语）
3) He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. （方式状语）
4) (If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.（条件状语）
5) He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. （结果状语）
6) Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon. （让步状语）
7) Generally speaking, girls are more careful. （作独立成分）
注意：现在分词与逻辑主语构成独立主格
I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my head．
Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises.
有时也可用with (without) +名词（代词宾格）+分词形式
With the lights burning, he fell asleep.
试题链接
1. Do you want to see the doctor ______ the case report in the office?
A. to work
B. working
C. working on
D. worked on
2. The situation proves ______.
A. encouraged
B. encouraging
C. to encourage
D. to be encouraged
3. His remarks left me ______ about his real purpose.
A. wonder
B. wondered
C. wondering
D. being wondered
4. He sat at the window _______
A. to read
B. read
C. being read
D. reading
5. I have a classmate ______in Changsha.
A. lived
B. live
C. living
D.having lived
6.________ the ticket by his friend, he hurried to the cinema with it.
A. Being given
B. Having given
C. Given
D. Having been given
7.The computer works very fast ,_______data at the speed of light.
A. handling
B. having handled
C. handled
D. handles
8. ________the temperature falling so rapidly, we couldn?t go on with the experiment.
A. Since B .For C. As D. With
9. Weather _______, the picnic will be held as scheduled.
A. permits
B. permitting
C. permit
D. permitted
10._______such a good chance, he planned to learn more.
A. To be given
B. Having been given
C. Having given
D. Given
过去分词
过去分词只有一种形式：规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成；不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求，要一一记住。
例题分析
A作定语
例句: 1) Our class went on an organized trip last Monday.
2) Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting.
注意: 当过去分词是单词时，一般用于名词前；如果是过去分词短语，就放在名词的后面。过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
B 作表语
例句: 1) The window is broken.
2) They were frightened at the sad sight.
注意:有些过去分词是由不及物动词构成的，不表示被动，只表示完成。这类过去分词有：gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等，例如：boiled water（开水）newly arrived goods（新货）
fallen leaves（落叶）the changed world（变了的世界）
C 作宾语补足语
例句: 1) I heard the song sung several times last week.
有时过去分词做with短语中的宾语补足语：
With the work done, they went out to play.
D 作状语
例句: 1) Praised by the teachers, he became the pride of his parents. （表示原因）
2) Once seen, it can never be forgotten. （表示时间）
3) Given more time, I'll be able to do it better. （表示条件）
4) Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy. （表示让步）
试题链接
1. ______ from the spaceship, our earth looks like a blue ball.
A. To observe
B. Observing
C. Observed
D. Having observed
2. This boy always leaves some homework ______
A. undone
B. undoing
C. not done
D. not doing
3. They are ______ with their present job.
A. satisfied
B. satisfy
C. satisfying
D. to satisfy
4. If ______economically, one gallon of oil will last at least two months.
A. using
B. used
C. having used
D. to be used
5．After a long walk on a hot day, one feels________.
A. exhaustive
B. exhausting
C. exhausted
D. exhaust
6. The rocket will weigh about 200 tons when_______.
A. being completed
B. completed
C. completing
D. have been completed
7.Our master raised his voice so that he could make himself _______by the pupils in the back
of the hall.
A. hear
B. heard
C. hearing
D. to be heard
8.Some of the experiments_____in the book are easy to perform.
A. being described
B. described
C. describing D having been described
9.Although_____many decades ago, the bridge is still in use today.
A．building B having built C. built D.having been built
10.There is something wrong with my TV set, I must have it _______.
A. checking
B. check .
C. to check
D. checked
II．综合练习
1. I regret _________ you that we are unable to offer you a job.
A. informing
B. having informed
C. to inform
D. inform
2. All the afternoon he worked with the door _________.
A. locking
B. to lock
C. being locked
D. locked
3. The book _________ is simple English, the students found it easy to read.
A. being written
B. was written
C. has been written
D. writing
4. _________, the next step was to make a detailed plan.
A. Having made the decision
B. Has the decision made
C. The decision has been made
D. The decision having been made
5. _________ he can quickly seize the chance of business.
A. Having being informed
B. Having well informed
C. To be well informed
D. To have been well informed
6. She apologized for _________ his permission to use the computer.
A. asking not
B. not ask
C. not asking
D. ask not
7. So many representatives ________, the conference had to be postponed.
A. had been absent
B. were absent
C. to be absent
D. being absent
8. I really appreciate _________ my daughter with her math.
A. seeing you to help
B. to see you helping
C. you to help
D. your helping
9. I didn?t mean _________anything ,but these apples looked so good. I couldn?t resist _____one.
A. to eat, trying
B. to eat, of trying
C. eating, to try
D. eating,, to trying
10. Without the sun …s light_ ______the earth?s surface, it would be so cold that life could not exist
on the earth.
A. warms
B. warmed
C. warming
D. to warm
11. She sat at the corner of the room, (look) _________ miserable.
12. 11. They don?t permit (make) _________ noise here.
13. “The light in the office is still on.” . “Oh, I forgot (turn off) ___________ the light.”
14. Her parents objected to her (marry) _________ that man, though he had much money.
15. Here is the letter from a foreign company (concern) _________ the order of our new products.
16. Why do you stand and watch the milk (boil) _________ over.
17. It is no use (cry) _________ over the spilt milk.
18. I?m afraid you are risking (lose) _________ the present well-paid job.
19. Y our hair wants (cut) _________. Y ou?d better have it done tomorrow.
20. Though (fail) _______________ many times, Tim didn?t lose heart.
III.历年真题
1. I am looking forward to _________ from you as soon as possible. (2004.B)
A. hear
B. be hearing
C. hearing
D. have heard
2. She tried hard, but she still couldn?t make us _________ our mind. (2004.B)
A. to change
B. changed
C. change
D. changing
3. I felt so embarrassed that I couldn?t do anything but _________ there when I first met my present boss. (200
4.B)
A. to sit
B. sitting
C. sat
D. sit
4. It?s said that the agreement _________ between the two companies last month will become
effective from May 1st. (2005.B)
A. to sign
B. signing
C. to be signed
D. signed
5. He doesn?t feel like _________ a picnic in the park this weekend, and he suggested watching
the football match instead. (2005.B)
A. have
B. having
C. to have
D. had
6 ._______how to deal with the trouble of the computer, Martin had to ask his brother for help.
A. Not know
B. Not known
C. Not to know
D. Not knowing
7. Price is not the only thing customers consider before _________ what to buy. (2006.B)
A. deciding
B. decided
C. to decide
D. having decided
8. _________ to find the proper job, he decided to give up job-hunting in this city. (2006.A)
A. Failed
B. Being failed
C. To fail
D. Having failed
9. The proposal ________, we?ll have to ma ke another decision about when to start the project.
(2006.A) A. accepted B. accepting C. to accept D. be accepted
10. The nurse told the visitors (not speak) _________so loudly as to disturb the patients. (2006.A)
11. (impress) _______by the young man?s good qualifications, they o ffered him a job in their firm.
(2006.A)
12.We all felt excited when China succeeded in (launch) _____its first manned spaceship.
(2006.A)
13. The tall building (complete) _________ last month is our new classroom building. (2006.A)
14. They talked to him for hours, (try) _________ to persuade him to change his mind. (2006.B)
15. A guest in this hotel accused one of the hotel staff of (steal) ________his money. (2005.B)
三. 定语从句
I 定义
定语从句在句中起定语作用，修饰名词或代词，有时也修饰句子。被定语从句修饰
词叫先行词，定语从句通常跟在先行词的后面，由关系代词that, which ,who, whom 和whose 或关系副词when, where和why 引出。
1.
例题分析
1 先行词为人时, 用who, whom 有时也用that.
(1). The girl who plays the piano very well is his daughter.
那位钢琴弹得很好的小姑娘是他的女儿。
(2). She is the girl (that) you saw in school.
她是你在学校看见的那个女孩。
(3). The man with whom she was traveling is her boy friend..
跟她一起旅行的那个男孩是她的男朋友。
2 先行词为事或物时，用which或that.
(1). The train that has just left is for Shanghai.
刚刚离开的那列火车是开往上海的。
(2). Is this the photo that you took last summer?
这是你去年夏天照的照片吗？
(3). The building which stands near the school is a supermarket.
位于学校附近的那座大楼是一家超市。
(4). The computer which I wanted to buy was sold out. 我想买的那台电脑卖完了
3 关系代词紧跟介词，做介词的宾语时，只能用whom 或which。
注意：指物用“介词+which”，不可用“介词+that”；
指人用“介词+whom”，不可用“介词+who”。
(1). The documents for which they were searching have been recovered.
他们正在找的文件已经被发现。
(2). I wanted to find someone with whom I could discuss books and music.
我想找个能和我讨论书和音乐的人。
*介词的选择是根据从句中的谓语动词来决定的
4 表示所属关系，whose 既可修饰人又可修饰物。
(1). She is looking after the child whose parents have gone to London.
她正在照看父母去了伦敦的那个小孩。
(2). He lives in the room whose windows face south.
他住在窗户朝南的那个房间。
(3). Is there anyone in your class whose father is a painter?
你们班里谁都父亲是画家?
(4). Y ou?re only one whose advice he might listen to.
只有你的话他可能会听。
5 as在限定性定语从句中，主要用于such….as和the same…..as的结构;在非限定性定语从
句中, as 代替整个定语从句
(1). This is the same book as he lost yesterday. 这本书与他昨天丢的书一样。
(2). We need such materials as can bear high temperature and pressure.
我们需要那种能耐高温和承受压力的原料。
(3). He is Englishman, as I know from his accent. 我从他的口音得知，他是英国人。
(4). The size of the audience, as we had expected, was well over one thousand.
正如我们所预料，观众的人数超过了一千人。
试题链接
1. The matter__ you were arguing about last night has been settled.
A. what
B. as
C. whom
D. that
2. It wasn?t such a desirable air conditioner _____ the advertisement had promised us.
A .as B. when C. what D. which
3. The goal____ he has been fighting all his life does not seem very important to him now.
A. at which
B. for which
C. in which
D. to which
4. The woman ___ we gave the check has left.
A. of which
B. to whom
C. with which
D. whether
5. Those __want to go the Great Wall please sign their name here.
A. who
B. which
C. whom
D. that
6. Nearby were two boats ____they had come to the island.
A. where
B. in which
C. that
D. which
7.The beautiful church ___we see there is very famous.
A. which tower
B. of tower
C. whose tower D .with tower
8.The young girl with ___I traveled could speak English.
A. who
B. whom
C. whose
D. that
9. He lived in London for 3 months, during he learned some English.
A. which
B. that
C. when
D. why
10. ___is known to us, the moon travels around the earth once every month.
A. As
B. It
C. That
D. What
例题分析
1 当先行词为time, day, moment, occasion, week, month等时,用when 引导时间定语从句
(1). Have you set the day when you will move?
你是不是确定搬迁的日子？
(2). This is the time when she left for Montreal.
这是她动身去蒙特利尔的时间。
(3). July and August are the months when the weather is hot.
七八月是天气很热的月份。
注意: when引导的定语从句,在语义上相当于“at/in/during +which ”
例如: (1 ) The days on which you could travel without a passport are a thing of the past.
(2.) The days in which my heart was young and gay are gone.
2 当先行词为place, room, house, spot, city等时, 用where 引导地点定语从句
(1). The small house where I used to live has been replaced by a new one.
我曾经住过的那个小屋已经被新房所代替。
(2). This is the place where I was born. 这是我出生的地方。
(3). The book-store where he works is the largest in this city.
他工作的这个书店是这个城市最大的。
注意: 1. 如果表示地点的先行词前已有介词,关系词就用where;
2.如果先行词前没有介词,此时可用where,也可用in /at which
例如: (1) Do you know the house in which/where he lives?
(2) The school is located at the top of the hill where we can see the beautiful view.
3如果先行词与定语从句的谓语动词有动宾关系, 应用关系代词that/which;如果先行词与定语从句的谓语动词没有动宾关系, 应用关系副词where .
试比较: (1) This is the factory where my father worked.
This is the factory that/which we visited last week.
(2) We found a room that/which he used as the first lab.
We found a room where we can study.
(3) Is this the company where she worked two years ago?
Is this the city which/that she lived two years ago?
4 当先行词为reason 时,用why引导原因定语从句
(1) The reason why he missed the bus was that he got up late.
他错过班车的原因是他起晚了。
(2) There?s no reason why we shouldn?t be friends.
我们没有理由不成为朋友。
(3) Could you tell me the reason why you didn?t come to the meeting yesterday？
你能告诉我你昨天没来开会的原因吗？
注意: why 相当与“for+ which”，如：
(1) I don?t know the reason for which he didn?t attend the lecture yesterday.
(2) The reason for which I can?t come is that I have to prepare for the coming exam.
试题链接
1. Do you remember the date ___I was born ?
A. on which
B. in which
C. which
D. that
2. I should like to know the reason ____you changed the plan.
A. that
B. which
C. how
D. why
3. After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town___ he grew up as a child.
A. which
B. where
C. that
D. when
4. I shall never forget the years ___ I lived in country with the farmers.
A. which
B. when
C. that
D. who
5. This is the shop ___I worked ten years ago.
A. which
B. that
C. where
D. when
6. Do you still remember the hours_ _we had a party in the park?
A. That
B. which C when D. at that
7. The reason ____I want to take that course is ____the professor is supposed to be very
outstanding.
A. that ,because
B. that, due to
C. why, that
D. why ,because
8. The small town ____I was born has grown to a large city.
A. in which
B. when
C. that
D. during which
9. Now we can fly to Tokyo. There was a time ____we had to take a boat.
A. how
B. what
C. why
D. when
10. The days __ you could travel freely are gone.
A. in which
B. on which
C. of which
D. by which
3. .关系代词that 和which 的用法区别:
例题分析
that指人或物, which 只能指物。但下列情况只能用that，不能用which。
1.先行词是something, anything, nothing, everything 等不定代词
I can tell you something that you want to know.
2. 先行词是all, much, little等
Much that I have read has been nonsense.
3. 先行词本身是最高级或者前面有形容词最高级修饰
The book is the best that has ever been written on the subject.
4 先行词本身是序数词或者前面有序数词修饰
When we talk about cities of France , the first that comes into mind is Paris.
5 先行词前有any ，the only 等词修饰
Any person that has the money can join the group.
6 先行词既有人又有物
They talked about the teachers and things happily that they remembered at the party.
7 为了避免重复
They built a factory which produced medicine that could make people grow taller.
Who is the person that is standing at the door?
试题链接
1. The first thing ___she should do was to repair the shed.
A. that
B. which
C. about that
D. about which
2. This is the best film __I have seen this year.
A. which
B. that
C. whom
D. in which
3. I have read all the books ___you gave me.
A. that
B. about that
C. which
D. about which
4. The only thing __he could do is going to the police for help.
A. why
B. when
C. that
D. which
5. Who is the man __is standing over there?
A. who
B. which
C. whom
D. that
6. He talked about the teachers and schools ___he had visited.
A. that
B. which
C. to which
D. to that
7. I am not interested in _____you have told me.
A. all that
B. what that
C. which that
D. all which
8. These are the happiest hours ____we have ever spent.
A. when
B. that
C. which
D. of which
9.There is something ___I should like to call you attention to.
A. which
B. that
C. what
D. who
10. Mary was the last girl ___when you got there.
A. whom you talked
B. who talked you
C. you talked to whom
D. that talked to you
例题分析
1. He is the man who lives next door. 他是住在隔壁的那个人.
（限制性定语从句. 从句不可去掉, 否则意义不明确）
2. This is Mr. Smith, who teaches English at our college.
这位是史密斯先生，他在我们学校教英语。
（非限制性定语从句只是作进一步的说明，从句可以省去。）
3. Have you set the day when you will move？
你搬迁的日子订了吗？（从句不可省去。）
4. The meeting will be put off till next month, when we will have made all the preparations.
会议将推迟到下个月，到那时我们将作好了充分的准备。(从句可省）
试题链接
1.What is the name of the boy _____brought us the letter?
A. which
B. who
C. whom
D. whose
2. He missed the train, ___annoyed him very much.
A. that
B. which
C. why
D. what
3. She is going to spend the summer in Qingdao, ____she has some friends and relatives.
A. which
B. that
C. where
D. as
4. He studied hard at school when he was young, _____contribute to his success in late life.
A. which
B. of which
C. that
D. what
5. Thank you very much for the present _______you sent me.
A. who
B. whom
C. when
D./
6. Mr .Smith , from ____I have learned a lot, is a famous scientist.
A. who
B. whom C . that D. which
7. Then he met Mary ,______invited him to a party.
郑州信息工程职业学院 2017—2018学年下学期期末考试 2017级国际学院计网专业 《大学英语语法》试卷A 说明 一、本试卷共有六道大题，总分为100分，考试时间为100分钟。 二、严格按照要求填写好自己的姓名、学号和座位号等信息。 三、请仔细阅读以下注意事项： 1.在试卷的有效位置作答。 2.监考人员宣布考试开始时，考生方可答题。 3.监考老师宣布考试结束时，考生应立即停止作答，将试卷、答题卡反扣在桌面上，待监考老师确认数量无误后，方可离开。 4.若有答题卡时，一定要对准题号将“答案”填写在答题卡上。 PartⅠChoose the best one from the four choices given. (10×2′=20 scores) 1.They are_________. A . woman teachers B. women teachers C. women teacher D. woman teacher 2.Would you like _______, please? A. two glass of water B. two glasses of water C. two glass of waters D. two glasses of waters 3.About_________ of the students in their school are boys. A. one-three B. one third C. one three D. one thirds 4. How_________ the song sounds! A. pleasure B. pleasant C. pleased D. pleasantly 5. _________, he is very good at numbers. A. A little boy as he was B. A little boy he is C. As he was a little boy D. A little boy as he is 6.I _________ from the scientist you mentioned so far. A. don’t hear B. didn’t hear C. haven’t heard D. hadn’t heard 7.By this time next year, we _________ all the land into rice fields. A. had turned B. have turned C. will have turned D. have been turning 8.This novel_________ well. A. will be sold B. is sold C. sells D. has been sold 9. We _________ about two thousand English words by the end of last term. A. learned B. have learned C. had learned D. would learn
三天搞定英语语法 英语语法分为两个部分。一个部分是词法，即词的构成和词的使用规律。另一个部分是句法，即句子的组成和句子的使用方法。 英语语法的特点可以用三句话来表示：1、每个词都有词性；2、每句话都有动词(实意动词或系动词)；3、每句话都必须符合五个基本句型。 三句话用一句话来说，就是，标出句中每一个单词的词性，找出句中所有动词，并标出其种类和相应的句子成分。理解，掌握，运用好这句话，按照一：词性；二：动词种类；三：动词相对应的句子成分；四：从句；五：非谓语动词方法就能透彻理解英语语法体系。 词的分类 词类又叫词性，英语单词根据其在句子中的功能，可以分成十个大类。 词类词义英语名称缩写形式例词中译 noun n. student 学生 1、名词表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名 称。 2、代词主要用来代替名词。pronoun pron. you 你 3、形容词表示人或事物的性质或特征。adjective adj. happy 高兴的 4、数词表示数目或事物的顺序。numeral num. three 三 5、动词表示动作或状态。verb v. cut 砍、割 adverb adv. quickly 迅速地 6、副词修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时 间、地点、程度等。 7、冠词用在名词前,帮助说明名词。article art. a 一个 preposition prep. at 在... 8、介词表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句 子成分的关系。 9、连词用来连接词、短语或句子。conjunction conj. and 和 10、感叹词表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。interjection interj. Oh 哦 词性的分类: 修饰: 形容数冠代词名词 （red）（one）（a/the）（my）wood 1.名词 代替: 代词it 形容词the red 数词one
一般现在时态的被动语态练习 分析下列各句的句子类型，然后将下列句子改为被动句。 1. We clean the classroom every day. 2. I always borrow CDs from him. 3. The teachers take good care of the children in the kindergarten. 4. The students don’t learn chemistry in Junior Two. 5. People don't grow rice in the west of Japan. 6. Mr Hu teaches us English. 1) 2) 7. Jack gives Peter Christmas presents every year.. 1) 2) 8. We offer him our congratulations on his winning the competition. 1) 2)
9. We find English very useful. 10. Mother asks me to wash hands before dinner. 11. The policeman tells the children not to play in the street. 12. I often hear him sing songs upstairs. 13. Mother never lets me watch TV . 14. Do they plant trees in and around our city every year? 15. Do many teenagers like the books written by Han Han? 16. What colour does John paint his house? 17. How many desks do they buy every term? 18. What does the teacher often tell the boys to do?
Grammar one 一般时态的一些特殊用法 Task1Study the following grammar tips for simple tenses and match them with the sentences in the column on the right. 1.状语从句中,一般现在时 A. The flight for Shanghai leaves 表示将来. at 8:30 tomorrow morning. 2.瞬间性动词的一般现在时 B. Your job description clearly 表示将来行为发生的计划 tells you your role within your 性和规划性。 family. 3.一般现在时可用于新闻标 C. George Bush Holds Talks with 题、使用指南等说明文体。Tony Blair. 4. 一般过去时用来表示某种 D. Who told you this! 感情色彩。 E. I’ll tell him about it if he comes tomorrow. Task 2Complete the following sentences using proper form of the given verbs. 1.–Mom, I have cut my finger. -You_______(ask) for it! 2. American delegation _______(leave)Beijing for Shenzhen this afternoon. 3. I will give it to her as she_______(come) bake to the office. 4. The book______(aim) at teaching freshmen how to read faster. 5. Train Accident______(kill) 23 People (News Headline) Task 3Translate the following into English. 1.图书馆晚上10点闭馆。 2.下次来上课前请预习课文。 3.我早就告诉过你。 4.新教学楼落成（News headline） 5.去纽约的航班明天早上8点起飞。 Grammar two 进行时态的一些特殊用法 Task 1 Study the following grammar tips for continuous tenses and match them with the sentences in the column
英语语法期末试卷 注意事项：1、课程编码：2、出卷人：3、考试形式：闭卷（开、闭） 4、本试卷共8 页，满分100 分，考试时间为100 分钟. 5、答题时请使用蓝、黑钢笔或圆珠笔. 注意：所有答题内容必须写在答题纸上 一、语法知识部分：（45 分） I、填空题(26分) 1、语言一般由____________, _____________, 和____________ 三部分组成. 2、学习词性的目的是弄清词汇在句中的起到的语法作用不同..英语的十大词性可 以划分三个范畴，第一范畴包括：___________, __________, _________, _________, 第二范畴包括_________, __________, ____________，第三范畴包括________, _________, ____________. 、限定词之所以重要是因为：它是构成 ______________ 的一个不可缺少的部分. 限定词的功能是对名词起：__________, _____________, ___________, 和___________等限定作用. 4. 副词在句中担当状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词或修饰整个句子.逻辑连接副词 在文章中起到_______________的作用. 5、英语谓语动词的三种语气是：1）__________；2）____________；3）___________. 6、就在句中充当的语法功能而言，非谓语动词有着不同的属性.动名词具有名词 的属性；分词具有形容词和_____________的属性, 动词不定式有着____________, __________, 和_________的属性.因此, 举例说，分词可以在句中充当:__________, __________, 宾语补足语和____________等句子成分. 动名词在句子中充当__________，___________，__________，和介词宾语等句子成分. 7、非谓语动词中，动词不定式和分词都可充当状语，二者的区别是：不定式通 常用作_________、_________和______状语, 而分词出现在句首时通常是__________、_________、__________和______状语, 出现在句尾时通常是
一、选择题 1．My grandfather is 85 years old. he's in excellent condition. A．Or B．And C．As D．So 2．Tony is English ________ he is thirteen years old. A．but B．and C．or D．so 3．—Alice didn't go to the party ______her illness. —I'm sorry to hear that. A．because B．but C．so D．because of 4．-- I bought Granny a present, ＿＿＿ she didn't like it. A．but B．and C．or D．so 5．Plan ahead for everything, _______ you will have a hurry life. A．and B．or C．for D．but 6．My brother will get up early tomorrow morning ___________ he must go to bed now. A．and B．but C．so D．or 7．I live far away from my school, ________ I have to get up early every day. A．and B．but C．so D．or 8．— Would you like some cakes? — No, thanks. They smell delicious I’m not hungry. A．and B．so C．but D．or 9．Lucy is my classmate,_______ she is twelve too. A．because B．but C．so D．and 10．I know her, ____________I forget（忘了）her name. A．so B．and C．but 11．He speaks English French. He speaks Chinese. A．either; or B．not only; but also C．both; and D．neither; nor 12．The UK is a small__________beautiful country. A．and B．but C．so 13．—What happened just now? —A car hit an old man at the crossing. He was hurt, not too bad. A．and B．or C．so D．but 14．His schoolbag _____ his baseball are on the sofa,____ his clock is not. A．and ,and B．but, but C．and ,but D．but, and 15．—Let’s talk about the result of the survey. —________ many students like to watch sports shows, ________ game shows are the most popular. A．Although; but B．Although; / C．But; although D．But; /
文言文文言句式专项训练及答案
文言句式练习（一）判断句 一、指出下列文言句式的类型及其特点。 1、廉颇者，赵之良将也。 2、夫战，勇气也。 3、直不百步耳，是亦走也。 4、臣乃市井鼓刀屠者。 5、此则岳阳楼之大观也。 6、环滁皆山也。 7、如今人方为刀俎，我为鱼肉。 8、问今是何世，乃不知有汉，无论魏晋。 9、非我也，兵也。 二、选择题 1．下列各组句子中，句式不相同的一组是( ) A．庭有枇杷树，吾妻死之年所手植也如今人方为刀俎，我为鱼肉 B．故今之墓中全乎为五人也刘备天下枭雄 C 《诗》三百篇，大底圣贤发愤之所为作也妪，先大母婢也 D．屈平疾王听之不聪也城北徐公齐国之美丽者也 2．下列句子中与另三句的句式特点不相同的一句是( ) A．予本非文人画士 B．此言士节不可不勉励也 C．六国破灭，非兵不利，战不善 D．夫病者所见非鬼也 3．下列句中“为”字用法不表判断的一项是( ) A．是为何谷 B．何为以公名 C．以臣为愚 D．故今之墓中全乎为五人也 4．下列句子中句式不同子其他三句的是( ) A．管仲贤佐也 B．桓公霸君也 C．故凡为愚者，莫我若也 D．此乃臣效命之秋也 三、阅读下文，指出划线句子是何种句式。 齐桓公出猎，逐鹿而走入山谷之中，见一老公而问之，曰：“1是为何谷？”对曰：“为愚公之谷。”桓公曰：“何故？”对曰：“以臣名之。”桓公曰：“2今视公之仪状，非愚人也，何为以公名？”对曰：“臣请陈之，臣故畜牸（zì）牛，生子而大，卖之而买驹。少年曰：‘牛不能生马。’遂持驹去。3傍邻闻之，以臣为愚，故名此谷为愚公之谷。”桓公曰：“公诚愚矣！夫何为而与之。”桓公遂归。明日朝，以告管仲。管仲正衿再拜曰：“4此夷吾之愚也。 使尧在上，咎繇为理，安有取人之驹者乎？若有见暴如是叟者，又必不与也。公知狱讼之不正，故与之耳，请退而修政。”孔子曰：“弟子记之，5桓公，霸君也；管仲，贤佐也。犹有以智为愚者也，况不及桓公、管仲者与。”（《说苑?政理》） 文言句式练习（二）被动句 一、指出下列文言句式的类型及其特点。 1、不拘于时，学于余 2、秦城恐不可得，徒见欺。 3、吾常见笑于大方之家。 4、而身死国灭，为天下笑 5、不者，若属皆且为所虏 6、信而见疑，忠而被谤。 7、洎牧以谗诛，邯郸为郡 8、怀王以不知忠臣之分，故内惑于郑袖，外欺于张仪。 二、选择题 1．下列句中加点词的意义和用法相同的一组是( ) A．吾长见．笑于大方之家兰芝初还时，府吏见．丁宁 B．身死人手，为．天下笑者，何也其印为．予从辈所得 C．生孩六月，慈父见．背今是溪独见．辱于愚，何哉 D．予犹记周公之被．逮，在丁卯三月之望世之有饥穰，天之行也，禹汤被．之矣 2．下列句中不是被动句的一句是（） A．故内惑于郑袖，外欺于张仪 B．不能容于远近 C．古人之观于天地、山川、草木、虫鱼、鸟兽
大学英语语法模拟试题 1. Mr. and Mrs. Burns feel more comfortable on a ship than they would be if they ______________any other way. A. would travel B. travelled C. are travelling D. have travelled 2. We______________ that Jim be there. A. hope B. wish C. expect D .ask 3. Lucy is glad she didn’t stay on the farm. She______________ bored. A. may be B. will be C. could be D. might have been 4. The dean of studies would have come to see you had it been possible, but he ______________so busy then. A. had been B. was C. were D. would be 5. They would certainly have come and helped us ______________time. A. did they have B. had they had C. had they have D would they have 6. If you were in better health, we______________ you to join in the work last week. A. would have allowed B. would allow C. should allow D. had allowed 7. She cried for her______________ lover. A. departed B. being departed C. departing D. having departed 8. ______________ in an important examination, one of the students in his class lost interest in his work A. Failing B. Failed C. Having been failed D. Having Failed 9. If it______________ tomorrow, I’ll stay at home. A. rained B. will rain C. had rained D. rains 10. “It’s getting very late.”“Yes, it’s time______________.” A. that we left B. we leave C. we’ll leave D. we have left a bus to go there, but he preferred to walk.
一、选择题 1．Peter would like a bowl of ________noodles. A．tomato and egg B．tomato and eggs C．tomatoes and eggs D．tomatoes and egg 2．________wild animals are disappearing because of the ________of their living areas. A．The number of; lost B．The number of; losing C．A number of; lose D．A number of; loss 3．I’m hungry. I want some _________. A．water B．bread C．toys D．homework 4．Is it a picture_________ your school? A．of B．to C．and D．with 5．There are two________ near our school. A．shoe shops B．shoes shops C．shoe's shops D．shoes' shops 6．---- _________ is it from Nanjing to Beijing? --- It’s less than three ___________ flight. A．How long, hour’s B．How far, hour’s C．How long, hours’D．How far, hours’ 7．There is a______ shop and two_______ shops not far away from my school. A．sports; shoe B．sports; shoes C．sport; shoe D．sport; shoes 8．—I hear your family have made up their ________ to India next month. Have a pleasant journey. —Thank you. A．mind travelling B．minds travelling C．mind to travel D．minds to travel 9．—Do you know Shanghai is one of _______ in the world? —Yes, it’s bigger than _______ city in China. A．the biggest city; any B．the biggest cities; any C．the biggest cities; any other D．the biggest cities; the other 10．Some ________went to Japan to help when they knew that many ________ lost their homes in the earthquake. A．Germen; Japanese B．Frenchmen; Japaneses C．Germans; Japanese 11．There________some water in the bottle. A．is B．am C．are D．be 12．________the________Mike’ s and Jack’s? A．Is, rooms B．Are, room C．Are, rooms D．Is, room 13．Good food and_______help her_______better. A．exercise; study B．exercise; studies
中考被动语态专项训练-讲解+句型转换 主动语态与被动语态 一.概念:主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 二.被动语态的构成：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词 三.被动语态的时态:以为work 例: 1. 一般现在时: am / is/are+ worked 2. 一般过去时: was / were+ worked 3. 一般将来时: shall / will +be+ worked 4. 过去将来时: should / would+ worked 5. 现在进行时: am /is/are+ being+ worked 6. 过去进行时: was /were+ being+ worked 7. 过去进行时: was/were +being +worked 8. 现在完成时: have/has+ been+ worked 9. 过去完成时: had +been+ worked 10. 将来完成时: shall/ will +have been +worked 11. 过去将来完成时: should/would +have been+ worked 12. 情态动词 (can/may/must/should etc.)+be+动词的过去分词 四. 用法： 当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。 五. 方法： Many people speak English.(主动语态) English is spoken by many people.（被动语态） 六. 注意以下问题： A. 带有双宾语的动词变为被动语态时，可以把其中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语(sth.)变为主语，须根据习惯在原间接宾语前加上介词to或for . 用to的常见词有：give, show, send, lend, pass, pay, teach, throw, take, bring etc. 用for的常见词有：make, choose, sing, play, draw, save, buy, get, leave, cook etc. eg. 1. Mary gave him some books. He was given some books by Mary. Some books were given to him by Mary. 2. Her father bought her a new bike. She was bought a new bike by her father. A new bike was bought for her by her father. B. 带复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语）的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为被动语态的主语，宾语补足语不可变为主语。 eg. 1. We call him Gina. He is called Gina (by us). 2. They made me happy.
得分 成都理工大学外国语学院2011－2012学年第二学期 《英语语法》期末试卷(B) 请将此誓言译成汉语，然后再慎重签上你的姓名: On my honor as a student I have neither given nor received any help for this assignment/test. Signature ： Sectiong I. Multiple choice (50×1＝50points) Directions: There are 50 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 1. At , the baby, when a biscuit was held in front of him, immediately grabbed it with both hands. A. six-and-a-half-month B. six-and-a-half months C. six and a-half months D. six-and a-half months 2. There’re twenty in our university. A. woman professors B. women professor C. woman’s professors D. women professors 3. For lunch, I had a sandwich and an apple. sandwich wasn’t very nice. A. The B. A C. An D. /
一、选择题 1．—_________ is it from Wuxi to Shanghai? —It’s about ________ drive. A．How long; a two hours’B．How far; a two-hours C．How far; two hours’D．How long; a two-hour 2．________the________Mike’ s and Jack’s? A．Is, rooms B．Are, room C．Are, rooms D．Is, room 3．— Do you know all the names in your class, Mr King? —No, only part of them. A．student B．students C．student’s D．students’4．Alan usually goes to Harbin in .He likes playing with snow. A．May B．July C．September D．November 5．Is it a picture_________ your school? A．of B．to C．and D．with 6．—Let’s make a banana milk shake. —How many ________ do we need? A．bananas B．cup of milk C．honey 7．—Do _________ like going to ___________? —I don’t know. A．woman teachers, clothes shops B．women teachers, clothes shops C．woman teachers, sport shops D．women teachers, vegetables shops 8．—I hear your family have made up their ________ to India next month. Have a pleasant journey. —Thank you. A．mind travelling B．minds travelling C．mind to travel D．minds to travel 9．—Do you know Shanghai is one of _______ in the world? —Yes, it’s bigger than _______ city in China. A．the biggest city; any B．the biggest cities; any C．the biggest cities; any other D．the biggest cities; the other 10．—What does your mother have for dinner？ — A．Chickens and tomato B．Chicken and tomatoes．C．Chicken and tomato．11．My sister and I like eating two _______ and some _______ for dinner. They are really delicious. A．salad; eggs B．salads; eggs C．salad; eggs D．salads; egg 12．—Do you think it is _______good advice? —Yes, it’s really _______useful suggestion.
【英语】英语被动语态练习题20篇及解析 一、单项选择被动语态 1．—Are we about to have dinner? —Yes，it ________ in the dining room. A．serves B．is serving C．is being served D．has been serving 【答案】C 【解析】 考查时态。因serve与it(dinner)是动宾关系，要用被动语态；由问句中的are about to(即将) have dinner和答语Yes可知，已“在”供应dinner了，故用现在进行时的被动语态。故选 C。 2．Our teacher keeps telling us that the future to the well-educated. A．belonging B．belongs C．is belonging D．is belonged 【答案】B 【解析】 考查短语：belong to 属于，没有进行时态没有被动语态。故答案选B。 3．It's great that all the visitors who on the island were saved. A．trapped B．have been trapped C．had trapped D．had been trapped 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 考查时态和被动语态。句意：所有被困在岛上的游客都得救了，这真是太棒了。由were saved可知此事发生在过去，且被困应在被救之前，应用过去完成时；同时，visitors和 trap构成被动关系，应使用过去完成时的被动语态。故D选项正确。 4．In no time______ by a string of measures backing Hainan’s efforts to deepen reform and opening-up. A．the landmark decision was followed B．was the landmark decision followed C．did the landmark decision follow； D．the landmark decision had been followed; 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 考察句子语序。句意：在这重大决议之后会出台一系列的办法来支持海南深化改革和扩大
英语语法期末试卷… 装……………………………………………… 订………………………………………… 线……………………………班级 学号姓名 密封线内不要答题 英语语法期末试卷 注意事项：1、课程编码：2、出卷人：3、考试形式：闭卷（开、闭） 4、本试卷共8 页，满分100 分，考试时间为100 分钟。 5、答题时请使用蓝、黑钢笔或圆珠笔。 注意：所有答题内容必须写在答题纸上 一、语法知识部分：（45 分） I、填空题(26分) 1、语言一般由____________, _____________, 和____________ 三部分组成。 2、学习词性的目的是弄清词汇在句中的起到的语法作用不同。。英语的十大词性 可以划分三个范畴，第一范畴包括：___________, __________, _________, _________, 第二范畴包括_________, __________, ____________，第三范畴 包括________, _________, ____________。 3、限定词之所以重要是因为：它是构成 ______________ 的一个不可缺少的部分。 限定词的功能是对名词起：__________, _____________, ___________, 和 ___________等限定作用。 4. 副词在句中担当状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词或修饰整个句子。逻辑连接副 词在文章中起到_______________的作用。 5、英语谓语动词的三种语气是：1）__________；2）____________；3）___________。 6、就在句中充当的语法功能而言，非谓语动词有着不同的属性。动名词具有名词 的属性；分词具有形容词和_____________的属性, 动词不定式有着 ____________, __________, 和_________的属性。因此, 举例说，分词可以在 句中充当:__________, __________, 宾语补足语和____________等句子成
一、选择题 1．Would you like to live a house a flat? A．between; and B．from; to C．on; and D．in; or 2．I like math______ I don't like P．E. A．and B．but C．because 3．Mike does his homework and __________ to play football after school every day. A．goes B．go C．to go D．went 4．Don't run so fast, ____________you might fall over. A．or B．and C．unless 5．Don't came in ____________ you are called. A．after B．until C．since 6．—Alice didn't go to the party ______her illness. —I'm sorry to hear that. A．because B．but C．so D．because of 7．Everyone knows fire is very useful in our daily life, it is also dangerous. A．so B．or C．because D．but 8．It's raining hard outside, _______ we have to watch TV at home. A．so B．but C．because D．if 9．—Have you ever tried food in Singapore? —Ye s.______ you like Indian food, Western food ______ Japanese food, you’ll find it all in Singapore. A．Either；or B．Neither；nor C．Both；and D．Whether；or 10．I don’t like running, I like swimming. A．and B．but C．with D．so 11．My grandfather is over 70 ______ he thinks he is very young. A．and B．so C．because D．but 12．—Can you play soccer? —No, I can't.________I can play basketball. A．But B．Because C．So 13．His schoolbag _____ his baseball are on the sofa,____ his clock is not. A．and ,and B．but, but C．and ,but D．but, and 14．A break between classes is a good time for students to play sports and talk with their classmates, so it __________helps with students' health,___________ improves their social skills. A．either; or B．neither; nor C．not only; but also D．not; but 15．_______ we were tired, we continued our journey. At last, we reached the top of the mountain. A．If B．Though C．While D．After