2013职称英语卫生类考试阅读理解专项练习汇总

卫生A级：阅读理解：第三十九篇Sauna第三十四篇Who Wants to Live Forever?第四十二篇More about Alzheimer‟s Disease第五十篇15 Million Americans Suffer from Social Anxiety Disorder第四十六篇Malnutrition完形填空：第十四篇Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores第十五篇Life Expectancy in the Last Hundred Years第十三篇Scientists Develop Ways of Detecting Heart Attack第十一篇Migrant Workers第三十九篇Sauna 桑拿浴仪式性的沐浴已经有几千年的历史，并S有多种形式，其中的一种就是桑拿浴。

芬兰人完善了蒸汽浴，也就是桑拿浴。

它可以在一个封闭的房间里将水浇在滚烫的石头上，或是一种干热浴。

日本人、希腊人、土耳其人、俄国人以及美洲土著人在他们的沐浴传统中都有发汗浴这一形式。

用干热浴发汗的方式是古罗马优先使用的，而哥伦布发现美洲大陆前的美洲人则使用发汗小屋。

最早的桑拿浴很有可能是在地下山洞里。

由于当时还没有掌握烟®技术，山洞里总是充满着火焰引起的。

人们在火槽里生火，加热山洞的四壁。

当墙壁达到一定的温度时，将浓烟排出洞外，这使得墙壁还能保持几个小时的高温。

今天，有一些人认为有烟的桑拿浴，“烟熏桑拿”，才是真正的桑拿体验，而所有的桑拿浴都应该至少有烟熏或烟味儿的背景。

现在，尽管煤油炉和烧木头的火炉仍然可以使用，大多数的桑拿浴都是用电妒。

桑拿浴能使人放松并消除压力。

肌肉疼痛或关节炎都可以利用桑拿浴的热气减轻疼痛和炎症。

热气还可以拓展哮喘患者的肺部通道，使呼吸更加顺畅。

桑拿浴并不能治愈普通的感冒，但它可以减轻患者的胸闷感，加快康复的速度。

2013年职称英语考试卫生类阅读理解练习题汇总2013年职称英语考试卫生类阅读理解练习题（1）New Foods and the New WorldIn the last 500 years, nothing about people---not their clothes, ideas, or languages---has changed as much as what they eat. The original chocolate drink was made form the seeds of the cocoa tree by South American Indians. The Spanish introduced it to the rest of the world during the 1500’s. And although it was very expensive, it quickly became fashionable. In London shops where chocolate drinks were served became important meeting places. Some still exist today.The potato is also from the New World. Around 1600, the Spanish brought it from Peru to Europe, where it soon was widely grown. Ireland became so dependent on it that thousands of Irish people starved when the crop failed during the "Potato Famine" of 1845-6, and thousands more were forced to emigrate to America.There are many other foods that have traveled from south America to the Old World. But some others went in the opposite direction. Brazil is now the world’s l argest grower of coffee, and coffee is an important crop in Colombia and other South American countries. But it is native to Ethiopia. It was first made into a drink by Arabs during the 1400’s.According to an Arabic legend, coffee was discovered when a goatherd named Kaldi noticed that his goats were attracted to the red berries on a coffee bush. He tried one and experienced the "wide-awake" feeling that one-third of the world’s population now starts the day with.1. According to the passage, which of the following has changed the most in the last 500 years?A) Food.B) Chocolate.C) Potato.D) Coffee2. "Some" in "Some still exist today" meansA) some cocoa trees.B) some chocolate drinks.C) some shops.D) some South American Indians.3. Thousands of Irish people starved during the "Potato Famine" becauseA) they were so dependent on the potato that they refused to eat anything else.B) they were forced to emigrate to America.C) the weather conditions in Ireland were not suitable for growing the potato.D) the potato harvest was bad.4. Coffee originally came fromA) Brazil.B) Colombia.C) Ethiopia.D) Arabia.5. The Arabic legend is used to prove thatA) coffee was first discovered by Kaldi.B) coffee was f irst discovered by Kaldi’s goats.C) coffee was first discovered in south American countries.D) coffee drinks were first made by Arabs.参考答案: ACDCD练习题(2)A Football ClubDuring the 1970 season, the club played 42 matches: of these, 34 were League and Cup games, and the remainder were friendly matches. In the League, the Club finished in third place, two points behind the champions. Out of 28 League games, 16 were won, 8 were drawn and 4 were lost, whilst the Club managed to reach the semi-final of the Challenge Cup for the first time in its history. Of the eight friendly matches, four were won, two were drawn, and two were lost, but these defeats were at the hands of visiting teams whose standards were generally much higher than those of players of this area.At the same time, the standard of play shown by our own team was markedly superior to that seen in previous years, and this success is largely due to the intensive training programme which has been supervised by the team captain. In this connection, the provision of adequate training facilities must remain a priority, and the erection of an indoor gymnasium or hall in which the players can practise on wet evenings is essential. It would do much to supplement the outdoor training being carried on, and would help the Club in the recruitment of younger players.There are now 28 players registered with the Club, and many more have asked to join but have been discouraged by the fact that the Club fields only one team. With the improvement in the financial position, concerning which the Treasurer will report in a minute. I suggest that the Committee consider entering a team in the Second Division of the League.1. How many Cup matches did the Challenge Club play?A) 34B) 6C) 8D) 422. What reason does the speaker give for the Club’s improved playing record?A) The provision of adequate training facilities.B) The erection of an indoor gymnasium.C) The intensive training under the team captain.D) The low standards of the visiting teams.3. In the second paragraph," this connection" refers toA) an indoor gymnasium.B) An indoor hall.C) The team captain.D) The intensive training programs.4. The committee may enter a team in the Second Division of the League because ofA) its improved financial position.B) Its better training facilities.C) Its improved playing record.D) Its ambition to become famous.5. The tone of this report isA) objective.B) Unfriendly.C) Pessimistic.D) Critical.参考答案: BCDAA练习题(3)New Foods and the New WorldIn the last 500 years, nothing about people---not their clothes, ideas, or languages---has changed as much as what they eat. The original chocolate drink was made form the seeds of the cocoa tree by South American Indians. The Spanish introduced it to the rest of the world during the 1500’s. And although it was very expensive, it quickly became fashionable. In London shops where chocolate drinks were served became important meeting places. Some still exist today.The potato is also from the New World. Around 1600, the Spanish brought it from Peru to Europe, where it soon was widely grown. Ireland became so dependent on it that thousands of Irish people starved when the crop failed during the "Potato Famine" of 1845-6, and thousands more were forced to emigrate to America.There are many other foods that have traveled from south America to the Old World. But some others went in the opposite direction. Brazil is now the world’s largest grower of coffee, and coffee is an important crop in Colombia and other South American countries. But it is native to Ethiopia. It was first made into a drink by Arabs during the 1400’s.According to an Arabic legend, coffee was discovered when a goatherd named Kaldi noticed that his goats were attracted to the red berries on a coffee bush. He tried one and experienced the "wide-awake" feeling that one-third of the world’s population now starts the day with.1. According to the passage, which of the following has changed the most in the last 500 years?A) Food.B) Chocolate.C) Potato.D) Coffee2. "Some" in "Some still exist today" meansA) some cocoa trees.B) some chocolate drinks.C) some shops.D) some South American Indians.3. Thousands of Irish people starved during the "Potato Famine" becauseA) they were so dependent on the potato that they refused to eat anything else.B) they were forced to emigrate to America.C) the weather conditions in Ireland were not suitable for growing the potato.D) the potato harvest was bad.4. Coffee originally came fromA) Brazil.B) Colombia.C) Ethiopia.D) Arabia.5. The Arabic legend is used to prove thatA) coffee was first discovered by Kaldi.B) coffee was first discovered by Kaldi’s goats.C) coffee was first discovered in south American countries.D) coffee drinks were first made by Arabs.参考答案: ACDCD2013年职称英语考试卫生类阅读理解练习题(4)A Football ClubDuring the 1970 season, the club played 42 matches: of these, 34 were League and Cup games, and the remainder were friendly matches. In the League, the Club finished in third place, two points behind the champions. Out of 28 League games, 16 were won, 8 were drawn and 4 were lost, whilst the Club managed to reach the semi-final of the Challenge Cup for the first time in its history. Of the eight friendly matches, four were won, two were drawn, and two were lost, but these defeats were at the hands of visiting teams whose standards were generally much higher than those of players of this area.At the same time, the standard of play shown by our own team was markedly superior to that seen in previous years, and this success is largely due to the intensive training programme which has been supervised by the team captain. In this connection, the provision of adequate training facilities must remain a priority, and the erection of an indoor gymnasium or hall in which the players can practise on wet evenings is essential. It would do much to supplement the outdoor training being carried on, and would help the Club in the recruitment of younger players.There are now 28 players registered with the Club, and many more have asked to join but have been discouraged by the fact that the Club fields only one team. With the improvement in the financial position, concerning which the Treasurer will report in a minute. I suggest that the Committee consider entering a team in the Second Division of the League.1. How many Cup matches did the Challenge Club play?A) 34B) 6C) 8D) 422. What reason does the speaker give for the Club’s improved playing record?A) The provision of adequate training facilities.B) The erection of an indoor gymnasium.C) The intensive training under the team captain.D) The low standards of the visiting teams.3. In the second paragraph," this connection" refers toA) an indoor gymnasium.B) An indoor hall.C) The team captain.D) The intensive training programs.4. The committee may enter a team in the Second Division of the League because ofA) its improved financial position.B) Its better training facilities.C) Its improved playing record.D) Its ambition to become famous.5. The tone of this report isA) objective.B) Unfriendly.C) Pessimistic.D) Critical.参考答案: BCDAA（5）"Lemons" in Used Car MarketSuppose that you, a college student of somewhat limited means, are in the market for a used pickup truck. The following ad in a local used car publication catches your eyes.1993 Ford Ranger, bilk, 4WD, a/cAM/FM/cass., showroom condition.Call 555-1234 after 5 p.mThis is exactly the kind of vehicle you want, so you call to inquire about the price. The price you are quoted over the phone is $2,000 lower than the price for this model with this equipment listed in a used car guidebook. Instead of being ecstatic, however, you are For many products, when you must pay less than the going rate, you believe you are getting a great deal. This is not necessarily the case for used cars or other durable goods(washing machines and television sets, for example) because with expensive products-or, what is essentially the same thing, products with high replacement costs-you must be particularly careful about getting a "lemon." Or a product of substandard quality.In addition to asking the price, the age of a car-or any other consumer durable-is a factor when you are trying to determine whether a seller is attempting to unload a lemon. While people have all sorts of reasons for wanting to sell their cars-even relatively new cars-most people hold off until they have put many thousands of miles on a car or until the used car is several years old. You would probably be as suspicious of a car that is "too new" as you would a car that is "too good " a deal. In fact, you are probably willing to pay a high price for a high-quality used car. While this price would certainly be acceptable to the seller, the competitive market might not facilitate such trades.1. The beginning of this passage assumes that college studentsA) are very clever but not very rich.B) Are very capable but not very diligent.C) Have limited material resourcesD) Are not rich.2. The passage indicated that, sometimes when you find a product of an unexpectedly low price.A) You are very happy.B) You are rather suspicious.C) You are filled with happiness as well as surprise.D) You feel uneasy.3."Lemon" in this passage refers toA) a kind of fruit.B) A kind of new car.C) A kind of expensive and high-quality car.D) A product of inferior quality.4.If you want to know if the seller is trying to unload a lemon, youA) take the age of the car into consideration.B) Take the price of the lemon into considerationC) Consider how many miles the car has run.D) Consider both the price as well as the age of the car.5.It can be concluded from the passage that in the used car market,A) used cars are generally cheap.B) Used cars are generally expensiveC) Used cars are actually brand newD) Car buyers are willing to pay a high price for a used car.参考答案: DBDDA（6）"Lemons" in Used Car MarketSuppose that you, a college student of somewhat limited means, are in the market for a used pickup truck. The following ad in a local used car publication catches your eyes.1993 Ford Ranger, bilk, 4WD, a/cAM/FM/cass., showroom condition.Call 555-1234 after 5 p.mThis is exactly the kind of vehicle you want, so you call to inquire about the price. The price you are quoted over the phone is $2,000 lower than the price for this model with this equipment listed in a used car guidebook. Instead of being ecstatic, however, you are For many products, when you must pay less than the going rate, you believe you are getting a great deal. This is not necessarily the case for used cars or other durable goods(washing machines and television sets, for example) because with expensive products-or, what is essentially the same thing, products with high replacement costs-you must be particularly careful about getting a "lemon." Or a product of substandard quality.In addition to asking the price, the age of a car-or any other consumer durable-is a factor when you are trying to determine whether a seller is attempting to unload a lemon. While people have all sorts of reasons for wanting to sell their cars-even relatively new cars-most people hold off until they have put many thousands of miles on a car or until the used car is several years old. You would probably be as suspicious of a car that is "too new" as you would a car that is "too good " a deal. In fact, you are probably willing to pay a high price for a high-quality used car. While this price would certainly be acceptable to the seller, the competitive market might not facilitate such trades.1. The beginning of this passage assumes that college studentsA) are very clever but not very rich.B) Are very capable but not very diligent.C) Have limited material resourcesD) Are not rich.2. The passage indicated that, sometimes when you find a product of an unexpectedly low price.A) You are very happy.B) You are rather suspicious.C) You are filled with happiness as well as surprise.D) You feel uneasy.3."Lemon" in this passage refers toA) a kind of fruit.B) A kind of new car.C) A kind of expensive and high-quality car.D) A product of inferior quality.4.If you want to know if the seller is trying to unload a lemon, youA) take the age of the car into consideration.B) Take the price of the lemon into considerationC) Consider how many miles the car has run.D) Consider both the price as well as the age of the car.5.It can be concluded from the passage that in the used car market,A) used cars are generally cheap.B) Used cars are generally expensiveC) Used cars are actually brand newD) Car buyers are willing to pay a high price for a used car.参考答案: DBDDA（7）Earth Angels1 Joying Brescia was 8 years old when she noticed that cigarette butts(烟头)were littering her hometown beach in Isle of Palms，South Carolina．When she learned that it takes five years for the remains of a cigarette to disintegrate，she decided to take action．Joying launched a―No Butts on the Beach‖ campaign．She raised money and awareness about the need to keep the beaches dean．With the help of others．Joying also bought or received donations of gallon-size plastic ice．cream buckets．The buckets were filled with sand。

2013年度全国职称英语等级考试卫生类（C级）试题第1部分：词汇选项（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1.I tried to detach myself from the reality of these terrible events.A bringB putC separateD set2.The odd thing was that he didn't recognize me.A realB strangeC wholeD same3.That performance was pretty impressive.A veryB completelyC beautifullyD equally4.I grabbed his arm and made him turn to look at me.A threwB brokeC stretchedD seized5.The frame needs to be strong enough to support the engine.A bottomB structureC surfaceD top6.We found shelter from the rain under the trees.A defenseB standingC protectionD room7.“There is no other choice,"she said in a harsh voice.A unkindB firmC softD deep8.Traffic reaches its rush hour between8:00and9:00in the morning.A borderB goalC levelD peak9.We have to change the public's perception that money is everything.A sightB interestC beliefD pressure10.This was an unexceptionally brutal attack.A openB cruelC suddenD direct11.She came across three children sleeping under a bridge.A passed byB took a notice ofC woke upD found by chance12.It seemed incredible that he had been there a week already.A rightB obviousC unbelievableD unclear13.He was tempted by the high salary offered by the company.A attractedB taughtC keptD changed14.She gets aggressive when she is drunk.A worriedB offensiveC sleepyD anxious15.I have little information as regards her fitness for the post.A atB withC aboutD from第2部分：阅读判断（第16~22题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

2013年职称英语（卫生B）阅读理解中英文背宝*第十七篇Eating Potatoes Gives Your Immune System a Boost*第十八篇Exercise Can Replace Insulin for Elderly Diabetics*第十九篇Prolonging Human Life（2012新增未考）*第二十篇FDA: Human, Animal Waste Threatens Produce*第二十一篇Early or Later Day Care*第二十二篇Egypt Felled by Famine*第二十三篇After-birth Depression Blamed for Woman's Suicide*第二十四篇Sleep Lets Brain File Memories （2012新增未考）*第二十五篇Medicine Award Kicks off Nobel Prize Announcements*第二十六篇Obesity: the Scourge of the Western World*第二十七篇New Attempts to Eradicate AIDS Virus（2012新增已考）*第二十八篇Diseases of Agricultural Plants*第二十九篇“Don’t Drink Alone” Gets New Meaning（2013新增）*第三十篇Silent and Deadly*第三十一篇Spacing in Animals*第三十二篇Fruit and Vegetable Juices as Beneficial to Health as Fruits and Veggies*第三十三篇In-line Skating and Injuries。

17食用土豆能促进我们的免疫系统吃土豆有益于肠道健康，而且对整个免疫系统也有益，尤其是吃土豆色拉和凉吃。

在对动物模式的一个研究中，西班牙的调查者发现用未经加工的土豆淀粉喂养的猪不仅肠道更健康，而且降低了白血细胞的水平，如血液中的白细胞和淋巴细胞的数量。

白血细胞通常是由于身体受到考验而产生炎症和疾病时导致的。

西班牙研究者们所观察到的全身性下调白血球水平的作用意味着未经加工的土豆淀粉是具有全面的有益的作用的，也就是总的来说身体是更加健康的。

白血球数量降低了大约百分之十五。

淋巴细胞数量的降低显示炎症指标的下降，然而观察到的淋巴细胞浓度和淋巴细胞凋亡的减少却是惊人的。

在对此进行的最长的研究是用未经加工的土豆淀粉喂养猪十四个星期后来判定淀粉对肠道健康的影响。

"在实验中使用未经加工的土豆淀粉，就是为了摸拟富含耐久淀粉的饮食所起的作用。

"西班牙巴塞罗那自治大学的研究负责人Jose Francisco Perez这样说道。

人们不吃未经加了的土豆，但是却吃很多富含耐久淀粉的食物，比如说凉的熟土豆、豆荚、粮食、绿香蕉、面食、谷物等。

人们食用的淀粉大约有百分之十为耐久淀粉，也就是不能在小肠中消化，而是分流到大肠，在大肠中发酵的淀粉。

食用淀粉被认为可以降低大肠癌的得病几率，还有可能对过敏性肠综合症起作用。

20、FDA：人畜排泄物危及农产品美国食品和药物管理署本周五说，新鲜水果蔬菜在生产、采摘与加工过程中最大的食品安全危险是人畜排泄物。

每年有9000多名美国人死于由食物产生的疾病。

一些科学家认为新鲜农产品是带来污染的首要因素。

FDA发行了一整套指导方针草案，以便使美国与外国种植者们严格监控人员卫生、用水质量、肥料施用和产品运输。

这34页的指导方针敦促种植者们对工人进行基本卫生知识的教育。

例如，用肥皂洗手，包扎伤口以免污染农产品，以及只使用清洁的厕所等。

FDA所的指导方针指出新鲜农产品的"最大污染源"为人畜粪便。

阅读1 SaunaCeremonial bathing has existed for thousands of years and has many forms, one of which is the sauna.…………Indeed, everyone just starting out should take short sessions11 at first to become accustomed to this type of bath.1. Ceremonial bathingC）has various forms .2. What is understood by some people to be the true sauna experience?B) Saunas with smoke.3. According to the third paragraph, saunas can do all of the following EXCEPT.D) curing asthma4. According to the fourth paragraph, sauna gives the skin a healthy glow because_________.A) pores are cleaned by sweat5. Who are advised not to take a sauna?D) All of the above.阅读2 “Don’t Drink Alone” Gets New MeaningIn what may be bad news for bars and pubs，a European research group has found that people drinking alcohol outside of meals have a significantly higher risk of cancer in the mouth and neck than do those taking their libations with food.…………He speculates that the reason laryngeal risks were dramatically lower for all study participants traces to the tissue’s lower exposure to alcohol.1. Researchers have found that the risk of cancer in the mouth and neck is higher with peopleA) who drink alcohol outside of mealsur2. Which of the following is NOT the conclusion made by th e researchers about “drinking with meals”?C) It increases by 20 percent the possibility of cancer in all sites.3. Approximately how many drinks do the lowest-intake group average per day?A) 3 drinks.4.Which cancer risk is the lowest among all the four kinds of cancer mentioned in the passage?B) Laryngeal cancer.5.According to the last paragraph, tissue’s lower exposure to alcoholD) reduces the risk of laryngeal cancer.阅读3 Eat to LiveA meager diet may give you health and long life, but it’s not much fun —and it might not even be necessary. …………His company, Lifespan Genetics in California, is looking for drugs that have the effects of calorie restriction.1. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?D）We have to begin dieting since childhood.2.Why does the author mention an elderly mouse in paragraph 2?B）To illustrate the effect of meager food on mice.3. What can be inferred about completely normally fed mice mentioned in the passage?D）They are more likely to suffer from inflammation.4. According to the author, which of the following most interested the researchers?A ）The mice that started dieting in old age.5. According to the last two paragraphs, Spindler believes thatC）dieting is not a good method to give us health and long life.阅读4Prolonging Human LifeProlonging human life has increased the size of the human population. Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago. ………………While a few of these institutions arc good, most of them are simply "dumping grounds" for the dying in which "care" is given by poorly paid, overworked, and under-skilled personnel.1. The writer believes that the population explosion results fromC）a decrease in death rates.2. It can be inferred from the passage that in hunting and gathering culturesB）infants could be left dead in times of starvation.3. According to the passage, which of the following statements about retired people in the United States is true? A）Many of them have a very hard life.4. In Paragraph 3, the phrase "this need" refers toD）the need to take care of a sick and weak person.5. Which of the following best describes the writer's attitude toward most of the nursing homes, and convalescent hospitals? D）Critical.阅读5 Sleep Lets Brain File Memories To sleep. Perchance to file? Findings published online this week by the Proceedings of the National………………14" Exercise and weight control can help keep glucose levels in check15, so there may be one more reason to go to the gym.1. Which of the following statements is nearest in meaning to the sentence "To sleep. Perchance to file?"?A）Does brain arrange memories in useful order during sleep?2.What is the result of the experiment with rats and mice carried out at Rutgers University?C）Somatosensory neocortex and hippocampus work together in memory consolidation.3. What is the relation of memory to glucose tolerance, as is indicated by a research mentioned in paragraph 4?D）The poorer the memory, the poorer glucose tolerance.4. In what way is memory related to hippocampus shrinkage? B）The more hippocampus shrinks, the poorer one's memory.5. According to the last paragraph, what is the ultimate reason for going to the gym?D）To control glucose levels.。

以下是为⼤家整理的关于职称英语等级考试的⽂章，供⼤家学习参考！Calling for Safe Celebrations This Fourth of July Last Fourth of July, Pete, a 14-year-old, was enjoying the lit-up skies and loud booms from the fireworks being set off in his neighborhood. Suddenly, the evening took a terrible turn. A bottle rocket shot into his eye, immediately causing him terrible pain. His family rushed him to the emergency room for treatment. As a result of the injury, Pete developed glaucoma and cataracts. Today, Pete has permanent vision loss in his injured eye because of his bottle rocket injury. June is Fireworks Eye Safety Awareness Month, and through its EyeSmart campaign the American Academy of Ophthalmology wants to remind consumers to leave fireworks to professionals. “There is nothing worse than a Fourth of July celebration ruined by someone being hit in the eye a bottle rocket,” said Dr. John C. Hagan, clinical correspondent for the Academy and an ophthalmologist at Discover Vision Centers in Kansas City. “A safe celebration means letting trained professionals handle fireworks while you enjoy the show. According to the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, more than 9,000 fireworks-related injuries happen each year. Of these, nearly half are head-related injuries, with nearly 30 percent of these injuries to the eye. One-fourth of fireworks eye injuries result in permanent vision loss or blindness. Children are the most common victims of firework abuse, with those fifteen years old or younger accounting for 50 percent of fireworks eye injuries in the Unites States. Dr. Hagan estimates that his practice sees more than 30 injuries each year from fireworks. Even fireworks that many people consider safe represent a threat to the wyes. For children under the age of five, apparently harmless sparklers account for one-third of all fireworks injuries. Sparklers can burn at nearly 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit. 练习： 1.What happened to Pete last Fourth of July? A) He was burned in a house fire. B) He was caught in a rain. C) He was injured in a fight. D) He was hit in the eye. 2. The American Academy of Ophthalmology calls on consumers to A) celebrate the Fourth of July with fireworks. B) leave fireworks to professionals in their celebrations. C) stop celebrating the Fourth of July altogether. D) set off fireworks together with trained professionals. 3. How many fireworks eye injuries occur in the US each year? A) About 9,000. B) About 4,500. C) About 1,350. D) About 30. 4. Fireworks eye injuries can result in each of the following EXCEPT A) blindness. B) permanent vision loss. C) glaucoma and cataracts. D) head-related injuries. 5. Which is NOT true of sparklers? A) They are harmless to children. B) They are considered safe by many people. C) They are a threat to the eyes. D) They can burn at very high degrees. 答案：1.D 2.B 3.C 4.D 5.A。

2013职称英语卫生类新增阅读和完型填空（含译文）阅读理解第十六篇Eat to LiveA meager diet may give you health and long life, but it’s not much fun —and it might not even be necessary. We may be able to hang on to most of that youthful vigor even if we don’t start to diet until old age.Stephen Spindler and his colleagues from the University of California at Riverside have found that some of an elderly mouse’s liver genes can be made to behave as they did when the mouse was young simply by limiting its food for four weeks. The genetic rejuvenation won’t reverse other damage caused by time for the mouse, but could help its liver metabolize drugs or get rid of toxins.Spindler’s team fed three mice a normal diet for their whole lives, and fed another three on half-rations3. Three more mice were switched from the normal diet to half-feed3 for a month when they were 34 months old —equivalent to about 70 human years.The researchers checked the activity of 11,000 genes from the mouse livers, and found that 46 changed with age in the normally fed mice. The changes were associated with things like inflammation and free radical production一probably bad news for mouse health. In the mice that had dieted all their lives,27 of those 46 genes continued to behave like young genes. But the most surprising finding was that the mice that only started dieting in old age also benefited from 70 per cent of these gene changes."This is the first indication that these effects kick in pretty quickly,”says Huber Warner from the National Institute on Aging near Washington D. C.No one yet knows if calorie restriction works in people as it does in mice, but Spindler is hopeful. “There’s attracting and tempting evidence out there that it will work,”he says.If it does work in people,there might be good reasons for rejuvenating the liver. As we get older, our bodies are less efficient at metabolizing drugs, for example. A brief period of time of dieting, says Spindler, could be enough to make sure a drug is effective.But Spindler isn’t sure the trade-off is worth it. “The mice get less disease, they live longer, but they’re hungry,”he says. “Even seeing what a diet does, it’s still hard to go to a restaurant and say: ‘I can only eat half of that,. ”Spindler hopes we soon won’t need to diet at all. His company, Lifespan Genetics in California, is looking for drugs that have the effects of calorie restriction.参考译文第十六篇为生存而食粗茶淡饭或许能给你健康和长寿，但这并不有趣——很有可能也没必要。

职称英语阅读理解真题及答案（卫生类A级）为大家整理了2013年职称英语阅读理解真题及答案（卫生类A级），仅供参考！！2013年职称英语卫生类A级阅读理解真题及答案1DNA is the genetic material found within the cell nuclei of all living things. In mammals the strands of DNA are grouped into structures called chromosomes. With the exception of identical siblings (as in identical twins., the complete DNA of each individual is unique.DNA fingerprinting is sometimes called DNA typing. It is a method of identification that compares bits of DN A. A DAN fingerprint is constructed by first drawing out a DNA sample from body tissue or fluid such as hair, blood, or saliva. The sample is then segmented using enzymes, and the segments are arranged by size. The segments are marked with probes and exposed on X-ray film, where they form a pattern of black bars—the DNA fingerprint. If the DNA fingerprints produced from two different samples match, the two samples probably came from the same person.DNA fingerprinting was first developed as an identification technique in 1985. Originally used to detect the presence of genetic diseases, it soon came to be used in criminal investigations and legal affairs. The first criminal conviction based on DNA evidence in the United States occurred in 1988. In criminal investigations, DNA fingerprints derived from evidence collected at the crime scene are compared to the DNA fingerprints of suspects. Generally, courts have accepted the reliability of DNA testing and admitted DNA test results into evidence. However, DNA fingerprinting is controversial in a number of areas: the accuracy of the results, the cost of testing, and the possible misuse of the technique.The accuracy of DNA fingerprinting has been challenged for several reasons. First,because DNA segments rather than complete DNA strands are “fingerprinted”; a DNA fingerprint may not be unique; large-scale research to confirm the uniqueness of DNA fingerprinting test results has not been conducted. In addition, DNA fingerprinting is often done in private laboratories that may not follow uniform testing standards and quality controls. Also, since human beings must interpret the test, human error could lead to false results.DNA fingerprinting is expensive. Suspects who are unable to provide their own DNA to experts may not be able to successfully defend themselves against charges based on DNA evidence.Widespread use of DNA testing for identification purposes may lead to the establishment of a DNA fingerprint database.1. According to the essay, we can find chromosomesA. in a fish.B. in a tree.C. in a sheep.D. in a rock.2. DNA fingerprinting is more often used forA. obtaining samples of chromosomes.B. providing evidence in court investigations.C. proving the horse to be a mammal.D. printing books about biology.3. When your brother looks exactly like you, your complete DNA may beA. exactly like his.B. totally different from his.C. unique.D. lost.4. Some people believe that using a DNA fingerprint may not be so reliable becauseA. the accuracy of DNA fingerprinting has been challenged.B. no private laboratory follows uniform testing standards or quality controls.C. mistakes are possible when researchers explain what have come of their tests.D. suspects may not have enough money to provide their own DNA to law-courts.5. This essay talks about DNA fingerprinting concerning the following aspects EXCEPTA. legal application of the method.B. the way to obtain a DNA sample.C. work yet to be done about DNA fingerprinting.D. possible danger in drawing a DNA sample from the human body.DNA指纹DNA是所有生物细胞核子发现的基因材料。

2013年职称英语卫生类A级真题及答案第1部分：词汇选项（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1. The drinking water has become contaminated with lead.A. treatedB. testedC. corruptedD. polluted2. Respect for life is a cardinal principle of the law.A. moralB. regularC. fundamentalD. hard3. The rules are too rigid to allow for humane error.A. inflexibleB. generalC. complexD. direct4. She shed a few tears at her daughter’s wedding.A. wipedB. injectedC. removedD. produced5. They didn’t seem to appreciate the magnitude of the problem.A. existenceB. importanceC. causeD. situation6. The contract between the two companies will expire soon.A. endB. shortenC. startD. resume7. The proposal was endorsed by the majority of members.A. approvedB. rejectedC. submittedD. considered8. The police will need to keep a wary eye on this area of town.A. nakedB. cautiousC. blindD. private9. Many experts remain skeptical about his claims.A. untouchedB. certainC. doubtfulD. silent10. Rumors began to circulate about his financial problems.A. sendB. hearC. confirmD. spread11. Three world-class tennis players came to contend for this title.A. argueB. competeC. claimD. wish12. The tower remains intact even after two hundred years.A. unknownB. unusualC. undamagedD. unstable13. The methods of communication used during the war were primitive.A. reliableB. effectiveC. simpleD. alternative14. Come out, or I’ll bust the door down.A. shutB. setC. beatD. break15. This species has nearly died out because its habitat is being destroyed.A. turned deadB. passed byC. become extinctD. carried away第2部分：阅读判断(第16~22题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断;如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。