Preserving Nature for Future
Demands for stronger protection for wildlife in Britain sometimes hide the fact that similar needs are felt in the rest of Europe.Studies by the Council of Europe，of which 21 countries are members，have shown that 45 per cent of reptile(爬行动物)species and 24 per cent of butterflies(蝴蝶)are in danger Of dying out.
European concern for wildlife was outlined by Dr.Peter Baum，an expert in the environment and natural resources division of the council，when he spoke at a conference arranged by the administrators of a British national park.The park is one of the few areas in Europe to hold the council’s diploma(证书)for nature reserves(自然保护区)of me highest quality, and Dr.Baum had come to present it to the park once again.He was afraid that public opinion was turning against national parks，and that those set up in the 1960s and 1970s could not be set up today.But Dr.Baum clearly remained a strong supporter of the view that natural environments needed.To be allowed to survive in peace in their own right.
“No area could be expected to survive both as a true nature reserve and as a tourist attraction。”he went on.The short.sighted view that reserves had to serve immediate human demands for outdoor recreation(户外娱乐)should be replaced by full acceptance of their importance as places to preserve nature for the future.
“We forget that they are the guarantee of life systems，on which any built-up area ultimately depends.”Dr.Baum went on.“We could manage without most industrial products，but we could not manage without nature.However, our natural environment areas，which are the original parts of our countryside，have shrunk(缩小)to become mere islands in a spoiled and highly polluted 1andmass.”
31 Recent studies by the Council of Europe have indicated that
A Britain is the only country where wildlife needs more protection.
B all species of wildlife in Europe are in danger of dying out.
C there are fewer species of reptiles and butterflies in Europe than elsewhere
D many species of reptiles and butterflies in Europe need protecting.
32 Why did Dr.Baum come to a British national park?
A Because he needed to present it with a council’s diploma.
B Because he was concerned about its management.
C Because it was the only national park of its kind in Europe.
D Because it had never before received a diploma from the Council
33 The last sentence in the second paragraph implies that
A people should create more natural environment areas
B people would go on protecting national parks.
C certain areas of countryside should be preserved.
D people should defend the right to live in a peaceful environment.
34 In Dr.Baum’s opinion.the view that a nature reserve should serve as a tourist attraction is
A idealistic.
B revolutionary.
C short—sighted.
D traditional.
35 Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A We have developed industry at the expense of countryside.
B We have forgotten what our original countryside looked like.
C People living On islands should protect natural resources for their survival.
D We should destroy all the built up areas.
答案解析
31.D 第一段的第二个句子是这么说的：有21个国家组成的欧洲委员会的研究表明，45%的爬行动物和24%的蝴蝶濒临灭绝。由此可见，D是正确的答案。
32.A 该题问的是：Baum博士为什么来到一个英国国家公园?第二段有这么一个句子，意思是：Baum博士来到这里，目的是要把委员会的最高质量自然保护区证书再次给这个公园。由此可见，A是正确的答案。
33.C 该题问的是：第二段最后一个句子蕴涵了什么?这个句子是这么说的：然而，Baum 博士旗帜鲜明地继续支持这样的观点：自然环境本身就需要不受侵扰地生存下来。不难看出：C是该句所蕴涵的。
34.C 该题问的是：Baum博士是怎样看待自然保护区应该用做旅游景点的观点的?答案可在第三段中找到。
35.A 该题问的是：下面四个陈述句中哪一个可以从最后一段中推出?有两句话特别明显：我们没有大部分的工业产品还是可以生存的，但是如果没有自然我们则不可能生存。然而，原来属于我们农村一部分的自然环境区域已经缩小成受到破坏的、高度污染的地块中的孤岛。不难看出，工业的发展是以牺牲农村为代价的。
A Football Club
During the 1970 season, the club played 42 matches: of these, 34 were League and Cup games, and the remainder were friendly matches. In the League, the Club finished in third place, two points behind the champions. Out of 28 League games, 16 were won, 8 were drawn and 4 were lost, whilst the Club managed to reach the semi-final of the Challenge Cup for the first time in its history. Of the eight friendly matches, four were won, two were drawn, and two were lost, but these defeats were at the hands of visiting teams whose standards were generally much higher than those of players of this area.
At the same time, the standard of play shown by our own team was markedly superior to that seen in previous years, and this success is largely due to the intensive training programme which has been supervised by the team captain. In this connection, the provision of adequate training facilities must remain a priority, and the erection of an indoor gymnasium or hall in which the players can practise on wet evenings is essential. It would do much to supplement the outdoor training being carried on, and would help the Club in the recruitment of younger players.
There are now 28 players registered with the Club, and many more have asked to join but have been discouraged by the fact that the Club fields only one team. With the improvement in the financial position, concerning which the Treasurer will report in a minute. I suggest that the Committee consider entering a team in the Second Division of the League.
1. How many Cup matches did the Challenge Club play?
A) 34B) 6C) 8D) 42
2. What reason does the speaker give for the Club’s improved playing record?
A) The provision of adequate training facilities.
B) The erection of an indoor gymnasium.
C) The intensive training under the team captain.
D) The low standards of the visiting teams.
3. In the second paragraph," this connection" refers to
A) an indoor gymnasium.B) An indoor hall.
C) The team captain.D) The intensive training programs.
4. The committee may enter a team in the Second Division of the League because of
A) its improved financial position.B) Its better training facilities.
C) Its improved playing record.D) Its ambition to become famous.
5. The tone of this report is
A) objective.B) Unfriendly.
C) Pessimistic.D) Critical.
参考答案: BCDAA
"Lemons" in Used Car Market
Suppose that you, a college student of somewhat limited means, are in the market for a used pickup truck. The following ad in a local used car publication catches your eyes.
1993 Ford Ranger, bilk, 4WD, a/cAM/FM/cass., showroom condition.
Call 555-1234 after 5 p.m
This is exactly the kind of vehicle you want, so you call to inquire about the price. The price you are quoted over the phone is $2,000 lower than the price for this model with this equipment listed in a used car guidebook. Instead of being ecstatic, however, you are suspicious.
For many products, when you must pay less than the going rate, you believe you are getting a great deal. This is not necessarily the case for used cars or other durable goods(washing machines and television sets, for example) because with expensive products-or, what is essentially the same thing, products with high replacement costs-you must be particularly careful about getting a "lemon." Or a product of substandard quality.
In addition to asking the price, the age of a car-or any other consumer durable-is a factor when you are trying to determine whether a seller is attempting to unload a lemon. While people have all sorts of reasons for wanting to sell their cars-even relatively new cars-most people hold off until they have put many thousands of miles on a car or until the used car is several years old. You would probably be as suspicious of a car that is "too new" as you would a car that is "too good " a deal. In fact, you are probably willing to pay a high price for a high-quality used car. While this price would certainly be acceptable to the seller, the competitive market might not facilitate such trades.
1. The beginning of this passage assumes that college students
A) are very clever but not very rich.
B) Are very capable but not very diligent.
C) Have limited material resources
D) Are not rich.
2. The passage indicated that, sometimes when you find a product of an unexpectedly low price.
A) You are very happy.B) You are rather suspicious.
C) You are filled with happiness as well as surprise.D) You feel uneasy.
3."Lemon" in this passage refers to
A) a kind of fruit.B) A kind of new car.
C) A kind of expensive and high-quality car.
D) A product of inferior quality.
4.If you want to know if the seller is trying to unload a lemon, you
A) take the age of the car into consideration.
B) Take the price of the lemon into consideration
C) Consider how many miles the car has run.
D) Consider both the price as well as the age of the car.
5.It can be concluded from the passage that in the used car market,
A) used cars are generally cheap.
B) Used cars are generally expensive
C) Used cars are actually brand new
D) Car buyers are willing to pay a high price for a used car.
参考答案: DBDDA
Japanese Car Keeps Watch for Drunk Drivers
A concept car developed by Japanese company Nissan1 has a breathalyzer-like detection system and other instruments that could help keep drunk or over tired drivers off the road．The car’s sensors check odors inside the car and monitor a driver’s sweat for traces of alcohol．An in-car computer system can issue an alert or even lock up the ignition system if the driver seems over-the-limit．The air odor sensors are fixed firmly and deeply in the driver and passenger seats，while a detector in the gear-shift knob measures perspiration from the driver’s palm．
Other carmakers have developed similar detection systems．For example，Sweden’s V olvo2 has developed a breathalyzer attached to a car’s seat belt that drivers must blow into before the engine will start．
Nissan’s new concept vehicle also includes a dashboard-mounted camera that tracks a drivers alertness by monitoring their eyes．It will sound an alarm and issue a spoken warning in Japanese or English if it judges that the driver needs to pull over and rest3．
The car technology is still in development，but general manager Kazuhiro Doi says the combination of different detection systems should improve the overall effectiveness of the technology．“For example，if the gear-shift sensor was bypassed by a passenger using it instead of the driver，the facial recognition system would still be used,” Doi says．Nissan has no specific timetable for marketing the system，but aims to use technology to cut the number of fatalities involving its vehicles to half 1995 levels by 2015．
The car’s seat belt can also tighten if drowsiness is detected，while an external camera checks that the car is keeping to its lane properly．However，Doi admits that some of the technology，such as the alcohol odor sensor，should be improved．“If you drink one beer，it’s going to reg ister，so we need to study what’s the appropriate level for the system to activate,” he says．In the UK4,some research groups are using similar advanced techniques to understand driver behavior and the effectiveness of different road designs．
词汇:
breathalyzer n．呼气酒精检测器alertness/ E5lE:tnis/n．警惕
sensor/5sensE(r)/ n．传感器bypass /5baIpB:s/v．绕过
odor/5EudE(r)/ n．气味facial/5feiFEl/adj．面部的
alert/E5lE:t/ adj．警惕的fatality/ 5teilai/n．死亡事故
ignition/ i^5niFEn/n．点火tighten/ 5taitEn/v．变紧，绑紧
gear-shift knob 换档把手drowsiness/5drauzinis/n．昏昏欲睡
perspiration/7pE:spE5reiFEn/n．出汗activate/5Aktiveit/v．使活动，使激活
dashboard/5dAF7bC:d/n．仪表板；挡泥板
练习：
1．Which of the following statements is NOT true of the Japanese concept care
A It has a sensor system that could issue a warning if the driver is drunk．
B It has sensors that detect traces of alcohol inside the car．
C It has sensors locked up in the ignition system．
D It has a breathalyzer-like detection system．
2．What has V olvo developed?
A The same detection system mentioned in the previous paragraph．
B A breathalyzer attached to a car’s seat belt．
C A smart car seat belt．
D An intelligent engine．
3．What is the function of the camera mentioned in Paragraph 4?
A It monitors the driver’s eyes to se e if he needs a rest．
B It judges if the driver wants to pull over．
C It judges if the driver wants to take a rest．
D It issues an alarm when the driver speaks．
4．According to Doi,
A the overall effectiveness of the detection technology has improved．
B Nissan is making a timetable to market the detection system．
C it is impossible to improve the overall effectiveness of the detection system．
D Nissan aims to improve the detection technology to reduce the fatality rate．
5．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in Paragraph 6?
A An external camera checks that the car is going properly．
B The car will automatically keep to its lane．
C The seat belt will tighten when the driver is found drowsy．
D The technology of the alcohol odor sensor should be improved．
答案与题解：
1．C 选项A、B、D所述内容都可在短文的第一、第二段中找到。第二段最后一个句子告诉我们，传感器装在司机和乘客的座椅里，而不是在点火系统里，所以选择C。
2． B 短文第三段告诉我们，沃尔沃公司也发明了一种相类似的酒精检测装置，安装在保险带上。所以B是正确选择。
3． A 第四段描写了安装在概念车仪表板上的照相机的功能。相机跟踪司机的眼睛的活动从而监测司机是否保持清醒状态，如果发现司机需要停车休息，便用英语或日语发出警告。所以除A以外，其他选择都不正确。
4． D 短文第五段说，这种监测技术仍然在发展之中，使用不同的监测系统应能改进这项技术的整体有效性，所以A和C都不是正确选择。该段的最后一句说，日产公司并不准备将这种监测系统推向市场，但它的目标是使用这种技术到2015年将日产车的事故率年减少到1995年的一半。所以B也不是正确选择，只有D表达了Doi的意思。
5．B 选项A、C、D在短文第六段都能找到，但是却找不到选项B所表达的意思。
A Sunshade for the Planet
Even with the best will1 in the world，reducing our carbon emissions is not going to prevent global warming．It has become clear that even if we take the most strong measures to control emissions，the uncertainties in our climate models still lea'ye open the possibility of extreme
warming and rises in sea level．At the same time，resistance by governments and special interest groups makes it quite possible that the actions suggested by climate scientists might not be implemented soon enough．
Fortunately，if the worst comes to the worst2，scientists still have a few tricks up their sleeves3．For the most part they have strongly resisted discussing these options for fear of inviting a sense of complacency that might thwart efforts to tackle the root of the problem．Until now，that is．A growing number of researchers are taking a fresh look at large-scale “geoengineering” projects that might be used to counteract global warming．“I use the analogy of methadone4,” says Stephen Schneider，a climate researcher at Stanford University in California who was among the first to draw attention to global warming．“If you have a heroin addict，the correct treatment is hospitalization，and a long rehab．But if they absolutely refuse，methadone is better than heroin．”
Basically the idea is to apply “sunscreen” to the whole planet．One astronomer has come up with a radical plan to cool Earth；launch trillions of feather-light discs into space，where they would form a vast cloud that would block the sun’s rays．It’s controversial，but recent studies suggest there are ways to deflect just enough of the sunlight reaching the Earth’s surface to counteract the warming produced by the greenhouse effect．Global climate models show that blocking just 1．8 per cent of the incident energy in the sun’s rays would cancel out the warming effects produced by a doubling of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere．That could be crucial，because even the most severe emissions-control measures being proposed would leave us with a doubling of carbon dioxide by the end of this century，and that would last for at least a century more．
词汇：
emission/i5miFEn/n．发射，发射物heroin/5herEuin/n．海洛因
complacency/kEm5pleIsEnsI/n．满足hospitalization/7hCspitElai5zeiFEn /
n．住院治疗
thwart/WwC:t/v．反对，阻绕rehab/ri:hAb/n．接受康复治疗
geoengineering n．地质工程astronomer/ E5strRnEmE(r)/n．天文学家
trillion/ 5triljEn/n．(英、德) counteract/7kauntE5rAkt/v．抵消；抵制
百万兆(1018)；(美、法) 万亿，兆(1012)
controversial/7kCntrE5vE:FEl /analogy/E5nAlEdVi/n．类似；模拟
adj．有争议的
deflect/di5flekt/v．(使)偏转methadone/ 5meWEdEun/n．美沙酮，美散痛
注释：
1．the best will：最好的愿望
2．if the worst comes to theworst：如果最最糟糕的事情发生了。这是英式英语的用法，在美式英语中它说成if worst comes to worst。在不同的语境中，有不同的泽法，如：“If the worst comes to the worst，”Becky thought，“my retreat“secure；and l have the right- hand seat inthe barouche．”蓓墓想道：“逼到最后一条路，逃难是不怕的了，在他的大马车里，我稳稳地有一个位子了。”又如：Ifthe worst comes to the worst，we’ll sell the car．大不了我们把车卖了。
3．scientists still have a few tricks叩their sleeves：科学家们仍然有些不为人所知的招数。have something up one’s sleeve是英语成语，意思是：to have a secret idea or plan，有锦囊妙计，有所保留的，秘而不宣的谋略或计划，例如：If this trip doesn’t work out I’ve still got a few ideas up my sleeve．
4．methadone：美沙酮，一种有效的合成麻醉药，它不像口马啡或海洛因那样容易汁人上瘾，在戒毒治疗中被用作这些毒品的替代品。
练习:
1．According to the first two paragraphs，the author thinks that
A strong measures have been taken by the government to prevent global warming．
B to reduce carbon emissions is all impossible mission．
C despite the difficulty，scientists have some options to prevent global warming．
D actions suggested by scientists will never be realized．
2．Scientists resist talking about their options because they don't want people to
A know what they are doing．
B feel their efforts are useless．
C think the problem has been solved．
D see the real problem．
3．What does Stephen Schneider say about a heroin addict and methadone?
A Methadone is an effective way to treat a hard heroin addict．
B Methadone is not a correct way to treat a heroin addict．
C Hospitalization together with methadone can work effectively with a heroin addict．
D Methadone and heroin are equally effective in treating a heroin addict．
4．What is Stephen Schneider’s idea of preventing global warming?
A To ask governments to take stronger measures;
B To increase the sunlight reaching the Earth．
C To apply sunscreen to the Earth．
D To decrease greenhouse gases．
5．What is NOT true of the effectiveness of “sunscreen”，according to the last paragraph?
A It deflects sunlight reaching the Earth to counteract the warming．
B It blocks the incident energy in the sun’s rays．
C It is a controversial method．
D It decreases greenhouse gases in the atmosphere．
答案与题解：
1． C 短文第一段讲了防止地球变暖是一项艰巨的任务，第二段说，尽管如此，科学家还是有一些办法，所以C是正确选择。A是错误选择，因为作者认为政府和一些利益集团阻碍了科学家所倡导的行动的实施；B不是作者的观点；D也不是正确选择，因为第一段的最后一句“might not be implemented soon enough”并不表明永远不能实现。
2． C 文章的第二段说，即使最糟糕的情况发生，科学家还是有几招的。但他们不希望讨论他们的招数，因为恐怕人们不再有危机感而削弱彻底解决问题的努力。所以C是正确选择。
3．A 文章的第二段中，Stephen Schneider教授将自己解决地球变暖问题的办法比作美沙酮，因为在瘾君子拒绝正常住院治疗时，服用美沙酮是一种缓解海洛因毒瘾的有效方法。所以，A是正确的选择。
4．C 文章最后一段的第一个句子提供的答案。
5． D 短文最后一段描述了“sunscreen”如何解决地球变暖问题。尽管有争议，但是研究证明，“太阳屏”能反射和阻碍阳光，起到抵消由温室效应引起的地球升温。最后一段的第三和第四句是理解这个问题的关键。D不是文章所表达的内．容，所以是正确答案。
Thirst for Oil
Werldwide every day，we devour the energyequivalent of about 200 million barrels of Oil．MoHt of the energy on Earth comes from the Sun．In fact enough energy from the Sun hits the planet’s surface each minute to cover our needs for an entire year，we just need to find an efficient way to use it．So far the energy in oil has been cheaper and easier to get at．But as supplies dwindle，this will change，and we will need to cure our addiction to oil．
Burning wood satisfied most energy needs until the steam-driven industrial revolution，when energy-dense coal became the fuel of choice．Coal is still used，mostly in power stations，to cover orle quarter of our energy needs，but its use has been declining since wc Staned pumping up oil．Coal is the least efficient，unhealthiest and most environmentally damaging fossil fuel，but could make a comeback，as supplies are still plentiful；its reserves are five times large r than oil’s．
Today petroleum，a mineral oil obtained from below the surface of the Earth and used to produce petrol，diesel oil and various other chemical substances，provides around 40% of the world’s energy needs，mostly fuelling automobiles．The US consumes a quarter of all oil，and generates a similar proportion of greenhouse gas emissions．
The majority of oil Comes from the Middle East，which has half of known reserves．But other significant sources include Russia，North America，Norway，Venezuela and the North Sea．Alaska's Arctic National Wildlife Refuge1 could be a major new US source，to reduce reliance on foreign imports．
Most experts predict we will exhaust easily accessible reserves within 50 years，though opinions and estimates vary．We could fast reach an energy crisis in the next few decades，when demand exceeds supply．As conventional reserves become more difficuh to access．others such as oil shales and tar sands may be used instead．Petrol could also be obtained from coal．Since we started using fossil fuels，we have released 400 billion tonnes2 of carbon，and burning the entire reserves could eventually raise world temperatures by 13℃．Among other horrors，this would result in the destruction of all rainforests and tile inching of all Arctic ice．词汇：
devour/di5vauE (r)/v．吞没，耗尽dwindle/5dwindl/v．减少
dense/dens/adj．密集的diesel oil 柴油
pump/pQmp/v．用泵抽吸accessible/Ek5sesEbl/adj．可使用的，
可得到的
petrolcum/5petrEl/n．石油，原油rainforest n．(热带)雨林
reliance/ri5laiEns/n．依赖，依靠tar sand 沥青砂
oil shale 油页岩destruction/dis5trQkFEn/n．破坏，毁灭
注释：
1．Alaska’s Arctic National Wildlife Refuge：美国阿拉斯加北极国家野生动物保护区。2001年，美国众议院通过了一项基于布什提出的在那里进行石油开采的议案。该议案遭到环境保护主义组织的反对。因此，目前在该区禁止开采石油。
2．tonnes：公吨(=1，000公斤)。不同于ton。ton：在美国等于二千磅(=0．907公吨)，所以称作short ton：短吨。
练习：
1．“．．．we will need to cure our addiction to oil．” Why does the author say so?
A Most of the energy on Earth comes from the Sun．
B Oil supply is increasing all the time．
C Demand for oil is increasing all the time．
D Oil supply is decreasing．
2．Which of lhe following statements is NOT meant by the author，according to the second paragraph?
A Wood wets the fuel of choice before coal．
B The use of coal is declining．
C Coal is the most environmentally unfriendly fuel next to oil．
D Coal reserves are plentiful and will be likely to become the major fuel of
choice．
3．Which country is the biggest consumer of petroleum?
A The United States．
B Russia．
C Norway．
D Venezuela．
4．What do experts say about the earth’s fuel reserves?
A The earth’s fuel reserves will be accessible for the next 50 years．
B There will soon be an energy crisis．
C Conventional reserves will soon become inaccessible．
D Fuel demand will decline．
5．What is NOT the result of consuming fossil fuels according to the last paragraph?
A Rainforests will be destroyed．
B Arctic ice will be melted．
C The earth’s temperature will be raised．
D The sea level will go up．
答案与题解：
1．D 答案在第一段最后一句中。这里的xupplies指oil supplies。
2． C 短文的第二段告诉我们，木材曾经是主要燃料来源，然后被煤所替代；白人们开始采油后，对煤的需求下降了，但因为煤的储量远大于石油，它可能又会成为主要燃料，尽管它对环境最具破坏力。所以A、B、D均是作者的意思，而C不是。ncxt to oil除石油以外。
3．A 文章的第三段说，美国消耗全世界四分之一的石油。
4． B 答案在第五段第二句中。该段第一句说，地球上的燃料储量将在50年内耗尽，所以A不是正确选择；第三句的意思是，常规燃料的获取将变得困难，而不是不可获得，所以C也不是正确选择；D明显不是作者的意思。
5．D 选项A、B、I：都是最后一段中所表达的意思，所以D是正确选择。
Explorer of the Extreme Deep
Oceans cover more than two-thirds of our planet．Yet，just a small fraction of the undcrwaler world has been uxplored．Now，Scientists at the Woods Hole1 Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) in Massachusetts are building an underwater vehicle hat will carry explorers as deep as 6,500 meters (21,320 feet)．The new machine，known as a manned submersible or human-operated vehicle (HOV)，will replace another one named Alvin2 which bas an amazing record of discovery，playing a key role in various important and famous undersea expeditions．Alvin has been operating for 40 years but can go down only 4,500 meters (14,784 feet)．It’s about time for an upgrade，WHOI researchers say．
Alvin was launched in 1964．Since then，Alvin has worked between 200 and 250 days a year，says Daniel Fornari，a marine geologist and director of the Deep Ocean Exploration Institute at WHOI．During its lifetime，Alvin has carried some 12,000 people on a total of more than 3,000 dives．A newer，better versions of Alvin is bound to reveal even more surprises ahout a world that is still full of mysteries，Fornari says．It might also make the job of exploration a little easier．“We take so much for granted on land,” Fornari says．“We can walk around and see with our eyes how big things are．We can see colors，special arrangements．”
Size-wise，the new HOV will be similar to Alvin．It’ll be about 37 feet long．The setting area inside will be a small sphere，about 8 feet wide，like Alvin，it’ll carry a pilot and two passengers．It will be just as maneuverable．In most other ways，it will give passengers more opportunities to enjoy the view，for one thing．Alvin has only three windows，the new vehicle will have five，with more overlap so that the passengers and the pilot can see the same thing．
Alvin can go up and down at a rate of 30 meters every second，and its maximum speed is 2 knots (about 2．3 miles per hour)，while the new vehicle will be able to ascend and descend at 44 meters per second．It’ll reach speeds of 3 knots，or 3．5 miles per hour．
词汇：
fraction/5frAkFEn/n．一部分dive/daiv/v．＆n．潜水；跳水
underwater/5QndE5wC:tE(r)/adj．bound/baund /adj．受约束的，一定的
水下的；adv．在水下
sphere/sfiE(r)/n．球体；范围manned/5mAnd/adj．载人的
maneuverable/mE5nu:vErEbl/adj．undersea/5QndEsi:/ adj．海底的
机动的，可调动的submersible/sQb5mE:sEbl/n．潜艇；潜水器
overlap /5EuvE5lAp/v．＆n．重叠upgrade/5Qp^reid/n．升级
ascend/E5send/ v．上升geologist/dVi5ClEdVist/n．地质学家
注释：
1．Woods Hole：美国马萨诸塞州的一个渔村，但同时拥有许多重要研究机构，如：the Marine Biological Laboratory，the Sea Education Association以及the Woods Hole Oceanographic lnstitution。
2．Alvin：世界上第一个深海潜水器，它最有名的深海探测包括1986年对泰坦尼克号残骸的测量工作。
练习：
1．What is Alvin?
A A research institute．
B A transporting vehicle．
C A submersible．
D A scientist．
2．Which of the following statements is NOT a fact about Alvin?
A h can carry explorers as deep as 6,500 meters．
B It has played a key role in various important undersea expeditions
C It was launched in the sixties of the twentieth century．
D It has been used for more than 40 years．
3．“．．．a world that is s till full of mysteries” refers to
A the earth．
B out space．
C the ocean．
D Mars．
4．In what aspects are the new HOV and Alvin similar?
A Size．
B Speed．
C Capacity．
D Shape．
5．In what aspects are the new HOV and Alvin different?
A Offering better views．
B Speed．
C Size．
D Both A and B．
答案与题解：
1．C 短文第一段的第四、第五句提供了答案
2．A 文章第一段从第三句开始说，科学家正在研制一艘可将研究人员带到6 500米深处的潜水装置，而它将替代Alvin，因为Alvin只能潜到4 500米深处。A不是事实，所以是正确选择。
3．C 本文讨论探索海底世界的潜水装置，所以“充满神秘色彩的世界”指的就是海洋。
4．D 第三段的头三个句子告诉我们，HOV和Alvin在体积上和容量上相似。所以D 是正确选择。
5．D 第三段最后两句告诉我们，Alvin只有三个窗户，而HOV有五个。最后一段告诉我们，两艘潜水装置的上下活动速度和行进速度有所差别。所以D是正确选择。
Plant Gas
Scientists have been studying natural sources of methane for decades but hadn’t regarded plants as a producer，notes Frank Keppler，a geochem[st at the Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg，Germany1．Now Keppler and his colleagues find that plants，from grasses to trees，may also be sources of the greenhouse gas．This is really surprising，because most scientists assumed that methane production requires an oxygen-free environment．Previously，researchers had thought that it was impossible for plants to make significant amounts of the gas．They had assumed that，microbes2 need to be in environments without oxygen to produce methane．Methane is a greenhouse gas，like carbon dioxide．Gases such as methane and carbon dioxide trap heat in Earth’s atmosphere and contributeto global warming．In its experiments，Keppler’s team used sealed chambers that contained the same concentration of o xygen that Earth’s atmosphere has．They measured the amounts of methane that were released by both living plants；and dried plant material，such as fallen leaves．With the dried plants，the researchers took measurement at temperatures ranging from 30 degrees Celsius to 70 degrees C．At 30 degrees C，they found，a gram of dried plant material released up to 3 nanograms of methane per hour．(One nanogram is a billionth of a gram．) With every 10-degree rise in temperature，the amount of methane released each hour roughly doubled．Living plants growing at their normal temperatures released as much as 370 nanograms of methane per gram of plant tissue per hour．Methane emissions tripled when living and dead plant was exposed to sunlight．
Beeause there was plenty of oxygen available，it’s unlikely that the types of bacteria that normally make methane were involved．Experiments on plants that weregrown in water rather
than soil also resulted in methane emissions．That’s another strong sign that the gas came from the plants and not soil microbes．
The new finding is an “interesting observation,” says Jennifer Y．King，a biogeochemist at the University of Minnesota in St．Paul3．Because some types of soil microbes consume methane，they may prevent plant-produced methane from reaching the atmosphere．Field tests will be needed to assess the plant’s influence，she notes．
词汇:
methane/5meWein/n．甲烷，沼气emission/i5miFEn/n．散发，发射
geochemist n．地球化学家triple/5tripl/v．增加三倍；adj．三倍的
Celsius n．＆．adj．摄氏（的）bacteria/bAk5tiEriE/n．(bacterium 的复数)细菌
microbe/5maIkrEJb/n．微生物nanogram n．微克
biogeochemist n．生物地球化学家chamber/5tFeimbE(r)/n．室，房间；腔
注释：
1．the Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg，Germany：马克思·普朗克核物理研究所，位于德国海德堡。海德堡系德国西南部城市，在巴登一符腾堡州的内卡河畔。海德堡大学是德国历史最悠久的大学。
2．microbe：细菌，意义同bacterium(bacteria的单数形式)。但microbe不用作专门术语。
3．St．Paul：圣保罗，美国明尼苏达州首府。
练习：
1．What was scientists understanding of methane?
A h was produced from plants．
B It was not a greenhouse gas．
C It was produced in oxygen-free environments．
D It traps more heat than any other greenhouse gas．
2．To test whether plants are a sot，roe of methane，the scientists created
A a oxygen-free environment．
B an environment with the same concentration of oxygen as the Earth has．
C a carbon dioxide-free environment．
D an environment filled with the greenhouse gas．
3．Which statement is true of the methane emissions of plants in the experiment?
A The lower the temperature，the higher the amount of methane emissions．
B I．iving plants release less methane than dried plants at the same temperature．
C When exposed to sunlight，plants stop releasing methane．
D The higher the temperature，the greater the amount of methane emissions．
4．Which of the following about methane is Not mentioned in the passage?
A Plants growing in soil release methane．
B Plants growing in water release methane．
C Soil microbes consume methane．
D Microbes in plants produce methane．
5．What is the beneficial point of some microbes consuming plant-produced methane?
A Methane becomes less poisonous．
B Methane is turned into a fertilizer．
C Less methane reaches the atmosphere．
D Air becomes cleaner．
答案与题解：
1． C 短文的第一和第二段都讲到，科学家过去曾经认为，沼气必须在无氧的环境中才能产生。注意，作者用的是过去式：Most scientists assumed that．．．They had assumed that．．．。
2． B 第三段第一句说，科学家使用密封的房间来做实验，房间里氧气的浓度与地球大气中的氧气浓度相仿。所以B句符合原文的意思，其他三个选择则不符合原文内容。
3．D 根据第四和第五段的内容，只有D是正确的说法。温度越高沼气的释放量越高，有生命的植物释放的沼气远大于干植物的释放量，在阳光下，它们的沼气释放量是正常情况的三倍。
4． D 最后两段告诉我们，无论在土壤中还是在水中生长的植物都能释放沼气，土壤中的微生物消耗沼气，使沼气不至于进入空气。所以A、B、C的内容均符合短文最后两段中作者的意思。D的内容短文中没有提到。
5．C 最后一段的第二句可以找到本题的答案。
Smart Window
Windows not only let light in to cut down an electricity use for lighting，but the light coming through the window also provides heat．However，windows are not something people typically associate with being a cutting edge1 technology．Researchers are now working on new technologies that enable a window to quickly change from clear to dark and anywhere in between with a flip of a switch2．
“It took us a long time to figure out what a window really is,” says Claes Granqvist．He’s a professor of solid-state physics at Uppsala University in Sweden3．“It’s contact with the outside world．You have to have visual contact with the surrounding world to feel well．” So，windows and natural light are important for impr oving the way people feel when they’re stuck indoors．Yet，windows are the weak link in a building when it comes to energy and temperature control．In the winter，cold air leaks in．When it’s hot and sunny，sunlight streams in．All of this sunlight carries lots of heat and energy．And all of this extra heat forces people to turn ontheir air conditioners．Producing blasts of cold air，which can feel so refreshing，actually suck up enormous amounts of electricity in buildings around the world．
Windows have been a major focus of energy research for a long time．Over the years，scientists have come up with a variety of strategies for coating，glazing，and layering windows to make them more energy efficient．Smart windows go a step further．They use chromogenic technologies which involve changes of color．
Electrochromic windows use electricity to change color．For example，a sheet of glass coated with thin layers of chemical compound such as tungsten oxide works a bit like a battery．Tungsten oxide is clear when an electric charge is applied and dark when the charge is removed，that is，when the amount of voltage is decreased，the window darkens until it’s completely dark after all electricity is taken away．So applying a voltage determines whether the window looks clear or dark．
One important feature that makes a smart window so smart is that it has a sort of “memory．” All it takes is a small jolt of voltage to turn the window from one state to the other．Then，it stays that way．Transitions take anywhere from 10 seconds to a few minutes，depending on the size of the window．The development of smart windows could mean that massive air conditioning systems may no longer need．“In the future,” Granqvist says,“our buildings may look different．”
词汇：
flip/flip/n．＆v．用手指轻弹，轻击tungsten oxide 氧化钨
air conditioner 空调(器) jolt/dVEult/n．＆v．震摇，颠簸，晃动
refreshing/ri5freFiN /adj．使人清爽的electrochromic adj．电致变色的
glaze/leiz/v．装玻璃，用玻璃覆盖voltage/5vEJltIdV/n．电压
chromogenic adj．发色的air conditioning 空调，空调系统
注释：
1．cutting edge：本意为“(刀片的)刃口，刀刃”；比喻意为“最先进的，科技含量最高的”。
2．anywhere in between witha flip of a switch：就在开或关的一霎那。
3．Uppsala University in Sweden：瑞典的乌普萨拉大学。乌普萨拉是瑞典东部一座城市，位于斯德哥尔摩的西北方向。
练习：
1．Which of the following statements does not indicate the importance of windows
as described in the first two paragraphs?
A Windows can change from clear to dark to save energy．
B Windows help to save energy by letting light in．
C Windows help to save energy by providing heat．
D Windows enable people to have contact with the outside world．
2．When are windows the weak link in a building?
A In the cold winter．
B In the hot summer．
C When air conditioners are turned on．
D Both A and B．
3．What are smart windows，according to Paragraph 4?
A Windows that are coated．
B Windows that are glazed．
C Windows the color of which can be changed．
D Windows that have many layers．
4．To make electrochromic windows change color，what is applied to the window glass?
A Electricity．
B Tungsten oxide．
C A battery．
D A voltage．
5．What will he the benefit if the research on smart windows turns out to be successful，according to the last paragraph?
A The buildings will look different．
B Windows can be as large as you want．
C We may not need air conditioners any more．
D They are less expensive than traditional windows．
答案与题解：
1． A 第一段告诉我们窗户因为让阳光进入房间，并且为房间提供热源，所以节约了能源。第二段说，窗户使人们能接触外部世界。所以B、C和D都说明了窗户的重要性。第一段最后一句说，研究者正在实验能让窗户变换亮度，但并没有说已经实验成功，所以A 是错误的说法，是正确选择。
2．D 短文第三段的第一句说：windows are the weak link in a building，接下来是对这句话分寒冬和炎夏做了说明。所以D是正确选择。
3．C 第四段告诉我们，多年来，科学家已研究出多种通过窗户节能的办法，而smart windows 使用的技术使窗户能变换颜色。所以C是正确选择。
4．B 第五段第二句提供了答案。a sheet of glass coated with thin layers of chemical compound such as tungsten oxide中的coated是“涂上一层薄薄的……”的意思。
5．C 短文最后一段的第五句提供了答案。
Where Have Allthe Bees Gone?
Scientists who study insects have a real mystery on theirhands．All across the country，honeybees are leaving their hives and neverreturning．Researchers call this phenomenon colony-collapse1 disorder．Accordingto surveys of beekeepers across the country，25 to 40 percent of the honeybeesin the United States have vanished from their hives since last fall．So far，noone can explain why．
Colony collapse is a serious concern because bees playan important role in the production of about one-third of the foods we eat．Asthey feed，honeybees spread pollen from flower to flower．Without this process，aplant can’t produce seedsor fruits．
Now，a group of scientists andbeekeepers have teamed up to try to figure out what’s causing the alarmingcollapse of so many colonies．By sharing their expertise in honeybee behavior，health，and nutrition，team members hope to find out what’s contributingto thedecline and to prevent bee disappearance in the future．
Itcould be that disease is causing the disappearance of the bees．To explore that possibility，Jay Evans，a researcher at the United States Department ofAgriculture (USDA) Bee Research Laboratory2，examines bees taken from coloniesthat are collapsing．“We know what a healthy bee should look like on theinside，and we can look for physical signs of disease,” he says．And bees fromcollapsing colonies don’t look very healthy．“Their stomachs are worndown，compared to the stomachs of healthy bees,” Evans says．It may be that aparasite is damaging the bees digestive organs．Their immune systems may not be working as they should．Moreover，they have high levels of bacteria inside theirbodies．
Another cause of colony-collapse disorder may be certain chemicalsthat farmers apply to kill unwanted insects on crops，says Jerry Hayes，chief beeinspector for the Florida Department of Agriculture3．Some studies，hesays，suggest that a certain type of insecticide affects the honeybee’s nervoussystem (which includes the brain) and memory．”It seems tike honeybees are goingout and getting confused a bout where to go and what to do,” he says．
If itturns out that a disease is contributing to colony collapse，bees genes couldexplain why some colonies have collapsed and others have not．In any group ofbees there are many different kinds of genes．The more different genes a grouphas，the higher the group’s genetic diversity．So far scientists haven’tdetermined the role of genetic diversity in colony collapse，but it’s a promisingtheory，says Evans．
词汇：
honeybee/5hQnIbi:/n．蜜蜂parasite/5pArEsait/n．寄生虫；寄生生物
hive/haiv/n．蜂巢；蜂箱digestive/di5dVestiv,dai-/adj．消化的
pollen/5pClEn/n．花粉immune/i5mju:n/adj．免疫的
beekeeper/5bi:ki:pE (r)/n．养蜂人insecticide/in5sektisaid/n．杀虫剂
expertise/7ekspE5ti:z/n．diversity/dai5vE:siti/n．多样性
专门知识，专长注释：
1．colony-collapse：群体瘫痪。colony有“殖民地”的意思，在此意为：a groupof the same kind of animals，plants，or one-celled organisms living or growingtogether．一群生活或生长在一起的同种动物、植物或单细胞有机体。
2．the United States Department ofAgriculture(USDA) Bee Research Laboratory：美国农业部蜜蜂研究实验室。
3．the FloridaDepartment of Agriculture：佛罗里达农业局。佛罗里达是美国东南部的一个州，濒临大西洋和墨西哥湾。
练习：
1．What is the mystery that researchers find hard to explain?
A Honeybeesare flying all across the country．
B 25-40 percent of the honeybees inthe US have died．
C Honeybees are leaving their hives and do not return．
D Honeybee hives are in disorder．
2．Why are researchersseriously concerned with the phenomenon of colony-collapsedisorder?
A Because honeybees produce one-third of the foods we eat．
B Becausehoneybees feed on flowers．
C Because honeybees eat seeds of flowers．
D Both B and C．
3．What are the possible causes of colony-collapsedisorder given by the scientists?
A Worsening environment．
B Diseaseand chemicals．
C Dwindlingnumber of flowers around．
D Changes ingenes’ s tructures．
4．According to the fifth paragraph，which of thefollowing about bees’ genes istrue?
A Bees’ genes allow them toexpand their colonies．
B Bees’genes help keep them in their hives．
C Bees’genes make them fly from flower to flower．
D Bees’genes couldexplain the collapse of some colonies．
5．What explanation is given byJerry Hayes to the phenomenon?
A Farmers apply certain chemicals to killunwanted bees．
B The insecticide destroys the honeybee’s nervous system．
C The insecticide affe cts the honeybee’s memory．
D All of theabove．
答案与题解：
1．C 短文第一段的第一句和最后一句告诉我们，昆虫学家正面临一个不可解释的谜。第二句解释了这个谜，给出了答案。
2． A 短文第二段的第一句提供了答案。蜜蜂传播花粉能使植物结果，因此为人类提供食物。
3．B 第四段的开头是It could be thatdisease is causing the disappearance of the bees．第五段的开头是Another cause ofcolony-collapse disorder may be certain chemicals that，这是科学家给出的两个可能造成这种现象的原因。
4．D 第六段的句子：bees’genes could explain why some colonies have coilapsed andothcrs
have not。这是选择D的依据。选项A、B、C的内容文章中都没有出现，所以不是答案。
5． D 第五段描述了另一个可能的原因，即农夫使用的杀虫剂可能破坏了蜜蜂的神经系统和记忆。所以D是正确选择。
Calling for Safe Celebrations This Fourth of July
Last Fourth of July, Pete, a 14-year-old, was enjoying the lit-up skies and loud booms from the fireworks being set off in his neighborhood. Suddenly, the evening took a terrible turn. A bottle rocket shot into his eye, immediately causing him terrible pain. His family rushed him to the emergency room for treatment. As a result of the injury, Pete developed glaucoma and cataracts. Today, Pete has permanent vision loss in his injured eye because of his bottle rocket injury.
June is Fireworks Eye Safety Awareness Month, and through its EyeSmart campaign the American Academy of Ophthalmology wants to remind consumers to leave fireworks to professionals. “There is nothing worse than a Fourth o f July celebration ruined by someone being hit in the eye a bottle rocket,” said Dr. John C. Hagan, clinical correspondent for the Academy and an ophthalmologist at Discover Vision Centers in Kansas City. “A safe celebration means letting trained professio nals handle fireworks while you enjoy the show.”
According to the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, more than 9,000 fireworks-related injuries happen each year. Of these, nearly half are head-related injuries, with nearly 30 percent of these injuries to the eye. One-fourth of fireworks eye injuries result in permanent vision loss or blindness. Children are the most common victims of firework abuse, with those fifteen years old or younger accounting for 50 percent of fireworks eye injuries in the Unites States. Dr. Hagan estimates that his practice sees more than 30 injuries each year from fireworks.
Even fireworks that many people consider safe represent a threat to the wyes. For children under the age of five, apparently harmless sparklers account for one-third of all fireworks injuries. Sparklers can burn at nearly 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit.
练习：
1.What happened to Pete last Fourth of July?
A) He was burned in a house fire.
B) He was caught in a rain.
C) He was injured in a fight.
D) He was hit in the eye.
2. The American Academy of Ophthalmology calls on consumers to
A) celebrate the Fourth of July with fireworks.
B) leave fireworks to professionals in their celebrations.
C) stop celebrating the Fourth of July altogether.
D) set off fireworks together with trained professionals.
3. How many fireworks eye injuries occur in the US each year?
A) About 9,000.
B) About 4,500.
C) About 1,350.
D) About 30.
4. Fireworks eye injuries can result in each of the following EXCEPT
A) blindness.
B) permanent vision loss.
C) glaucoma and cataracts.
D) head-related injuries.
5. Which is NOT true of sparklers?
A) They are harmless to children.
B) They are considered safe by many people.
C) They are a threat to the eyes.
D) They can burn at very high degrees.
答案：
1.D
2.B
3.C
4.D
5.A
Online Cancer Chat with a Safety Net
Cancer Research UK has launched an online chat forum for cancer patients to swap stories and share experiences on how to cope with such a devastating disease.
But Cancer Chat is a forum with a difference: it has an information safety net.
This means that a Cancer Research UK team will keep a watching brief to ensure that patients are not subjected to rogue “cancer cures” or scientifical ly unsound information.
Anyone can have access to the messages posted on Cancer Chat but if people wish to post a message they will need to register.
And Rebekah Gibbs, cancer patient and star of TV’s Casualty has pledged her support for the new projec t. “I think Cancer Chat is a brilliant idea,” she said. “I have written a public diary about what I went through with breast cancer and I have had such a heart-warming response from other people going through the same thing.
“The idea of a Cancer Chat fo rum means you can share information about treatment and side effects and you can really open up about your feelings online in a way that can be difficult when talking to close friends and family. And with Cancer Research UK monitoring the forum people can be reassured about the quality of information being exchanged.”
Cancer Chat will also encourage its users to check out any cancer questions on its CancerHelp UK website which is specially designed to give patients and their families 6,000 pages of up-to-date information that is easy to understand and explains a wide range of treatments for different types of cancer and gives details of clinical trials. There is also a UK database of cancer clinical trials.
The award-winning website attracts around one million visitors a month and Cancer Research UK hopes that some of these visitors will also want to post comments on the Cancer Chat forum.
For those who do not have access to computers and have questions about cancer, the charity’s team of cancer informa tion nurses are available during office hours to talk over patients’ concerns on the phone.
练习：
1. Cancer Chat is different from other forums in that
A
it has the support of a famous actress.
B
it is a source of reliable information.
C
it provides a huge amount of information.
D
it attracts a great number of visitors.
2.Which is NOT true of Rebekah Gibbs?
A
She is a well-known figure in Britain.
B
She got breast cancer some time ago.
C
She thinks highly of Cancer Chat.
D
She has written a private diary.
3.All the statements about the messages posted on Cancer Chat are true EXCEPT A
they are available to all visitors.
B
their writers get paid for them.
C
they concern not just treatments and side effects.
D
they are also an emotional outlet for their writers.
4.
CancerHelp UK is a website that
A
offers lots of information on cancer treatment and clinical trials.
B
attracts numerous visitors.
C
has won an award.
D
all of the above.
5.
“The charity” in the last line but one refers to
A
Cancer Research UK.
B
Cancer Chat.
C
CancerHelp UK.
D
Tv’s Casualty.
答案：
1. B
2.D
3.B
4.D
5.A
Listening Device Provides Landslide Early Warning
A device that provides early warning of a landslide by monitoring vibrations in soil is being tested by UK researchers．Tile device could save thousands of lives each year by warning when an area should be evacuated，the scientists say．Such natural disasters are common in countries that experience sudden，heavy rainfall，and can also be triggered by earthquakes and even water erosion．
Landslides start when a few particles of soil or rock within a slope start to move，but the early stages can be hard to spot．Following this initial movement，“s lopes can become．unstable in a matter of hours or minutes,” says Nell Dixon at Loughborough University1,UK．He says a warning system that monitors this movement “might be enough to evacuate a block of fiats or clear a road，and save lives．”
The most common way to monitor a slope for signs of an imminent landslide is to watch for changes in its shape．Surveyors can do this by measuring a site directly，or sensors sunk into boreholes or fixed above ground can be used to monitor the shape of a slope．Slopes can，however，change shape without triggering a landslide，so either method is prone to causing false alarms．Now Dixon’s team has developed a device that listens for the vibrations caused when particles begin moving within a slope．
The device takes the form of a steel pipe dropped into a boreh01e in a slope．The borehole is filled in with gravel around the pipe to help transmit high-frequency vibrations generated by particles within the slope．These vibrations pass up the tube and are picked up by a sensor on the surface．Software analyses the vibration signal to determine whether a landslide may be imminent．
The device is currently being tested in a 6-metre-tall artificial clay embankment in Newcastle2，UK．Early results suggest it should provide fewer false positives than existing systems．Once it has been carefully and thoroughly tested，the device could be used to create a complete early-warning system for dangerous slopes．
“Locations with a significant risk of landslides could definitely benefit from a machine l ike this,” says Adam Poulter，an expert at the British Red Cross．“As long as it doesn’t cost too much．” But，Poulter adds that an early-warning system may not be enough on its own．“You need to have the human communication,” he says．“Making systems that get w arnings to those who need them can be difficult．”
词汇：
landslide/5lAndslaId/n．山崩；地滑；塌方imminent/5iminEnt/adj．即将发生的
vibration/vai5breiFEn/n．振动sensor/5sensE(r)/ n．传感器
evacuate/i5vAkjueit/v．疏散，撒走borehole/5bC:hEul/n．钻孔，井眼
rainfall/5reinfC:l /n．降雨，降雨量gravel/5^rAvEl/n．砾，沙砾，砾石
erosion/i5rEuVEn/n．腐蚀，侵蚀embankment/Im5bANkmEnt/n．堤岸
注释：
1．Loughborough University：拉夫堡大学。该大学地处英格兰东部的拉夫堡市，始建于1909年的拉夫堡学院，1966年获得皇家特许正式成为综合大学。
2．Newcastle：纽卡斯尔。英格兰东北部的一个自治区，位于利兹(Leeds)以北泰纳(the Tync River)河畔。
练习:
1．Wh at does “Such natural disasters” in the first paragraph refer to?
职称英语考试卫生类(C类)试题及答案6 Happy Therapy (诊疗) Norman Cousins was a businessman from the United States who often traveled around the world on business. He enjoyed his work and traveling. Then, after returning to tile United States from a busy and tiring trip to Russia, Mr. Cousins got sick. Because he had pushed his body to the limit of its strength on the trip, a chemical change began to take place inside him. The material between his bones became weak. In less than one week after his return, he could not stand. Every move that he made was painful. He was not able to sleep at night. The doctors told Mr. Cousins that they did not know how to cure his problems and he might never get over the illness. Mr. Cousins, however, refused to give up hope. Mr. Cousins thought that unhappy thoughts were causing bad chemical changes in his body. He did not want to take medicine to cure himself. Instead, he felt that happy thoughts or laughter might cure his illness. He began to experiment on himself while still in the hospital by watching funny shows on television. Mr. Cousins quickly found that ten minutes of real laughter during the day gave him two hours of pain-free sleep at night. Deciding that the doctors could not help him, Mr. Cousins left the hospital and checked into a hotel room where he could continue his experiments with laughter. For eight days, Mr. Cousins rested in the hotel room watching funny shows on television, reading funny books, and sleeping whenever he felt tired. Within three weeks, he felt well enough to take a vacation to Puerto Rico where he began running on the beach for
2010年职称英语考试卫生类模拟试题
2010年职称英语考试卫生类模拟试题 第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分） 下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案 一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 1. It is useless to argue with him once he has made up his mind. A. settled B. solved C. said D. decided 2. International applicants are not eligible for financial aid. A. impressed B. mutual C. qualified D. outraged 3. Two events have highlighted the tensions in recent years. A. distorted B. extended C. emphasized D. illustrated 4. You must shine your shoes. A. lighten B. clean C. wash D. polish 5. Don't refuse to let me know if there is anything I can do for you. A. turn down B. reflect C. rejoy D. wait 6. John takes after his mother in character. A. embarrasses B. humiliates C. identifies D. resembles 7. They didn't realize how serious the problem was. A. know B. forget C. doubt D. remember 8. How many radios will your factory turn out this year? A. produce B. destroy C. export D. import 9. They had a far better yield than any other farm miles around this year. A. goods B. soil C. climate D. harvest 10. Even sensible men do absurd things sometimes. A. careless B. impulsive C. regrettable D. foolish 11. We consume a lot more than we are able to produce. A. buy B. sell C. use D. waste 12. The earthquake has cause serious damage to this city. A. destruction B. hurt C. injury D. wound 13. I think this is a deliberate insult.
职称英语考试卫生类(B类)试题及答案4 第4部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分） 下面有3篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题定1个选项。 Happy Therapy （诊疗） Norman Cousins was a businessman from the United States who often traveled around the world on business. He enjoyed his work and traveling. Then, after returning to the United States from a busy and tiring trip to Russia, Mr. Cousins got sick. Because he had pushed his body to the limit of its strength on the trip, a chemical change began to take place inside him. The material between his bones became weak. In less than one week after his return, he could not stand. Every move that he made was painful. He was not able to sleep at night. The doctors told Mr. Cousins that they did not know how to cure his problems and he might never get over the illness. Mr. Cousins, however, refused to give up hope. Mr. Cousins thought that unhappy thoughts were causing bad chemical changes in his body. He did not want to take medicine to cure himself. Instead, he felt that happy thoughts or laughter might cure his illness. He began to experiment on himself while still in the hospital by watching funny shows on television. Mr. Cousins quickly found that ten minutes of real laughter during the day gave him two hours of pain-free sleep at night, Deciding that the doctors could not help him, Mr. Cousins left the hospital and checked into a hotel room where he could continue his experiments with laughter. For eight days, Mr. Cousins rested in the hotel room watching funny shows on television, reading funny books, and sleeping whenever he felt tired. Within three weeks, he felt
2013年职称英语考试卫生类C级试题及参考答案第1部分：词汇选项(第1-15题，每题1分，共15分) 下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1. The odd thing was that he didn't recognize me. A. strange B. real C. whole D. same 2. He was tempted by the high salary offered by the company. A. taught B. kept C. changed D.attracted 3. The frame needs to be strong enough to support the engine. A. structure B. bottom C. surface D. top 4. We found shelter from the rain under the tree. A. defense B. standing C. protection D. room 5. We have to change the public’s perception that money is everything. A. sight B. belief C. interest D. pressure 6. It seems incredible that he had been there a week already.
A. right B. obvious C. unbelievable D. unclear 7. This was an unexceptionally brutal attack. A. cruel B. open C. sudden D. direct 8. “There is no other choice,”she said in a harsh voice. A. firm B. soft C. deep D. unkind 9. She gets aggressive when she is drunk. A. offensive B. worried C. sleepy D. anxious 10. I grabbed his arm and made him turn to look at me. A. threw B. seized C. broke D.stretched 11. Traffic reaches its rush hour between 8:00 and 9:00 in the morning. A. border B. goal C. peak D. level 12. That performance was pretty impressive. A. completely B. beautifully C. very D. equally 13. She came across three children sleeping under a bridge. A. found by chance B. passed by C. took a notice of D. woke up
2013年职称英语考试理工类复习笔记 一、动词 从一定意义上讲，英语语法就是动词的语法，因此，掌握动词的特性、变化、句型是学习英语语法的重中之重。为了能更好地理解下面的讲课内容，首先要搞清动词的几个基本概念。 1) be 动词和do动词：be动词也称状态动词，用于说明状态或性质，主要用于构成英语的主系表句型;do动词也称为行为动词，分及物动词和不及物动词; 2) 及物动词和不及物动词：不及物动词后面不跟宾语, 也没有被动语态; 及物动词后面一定要有宾语; 3) 双宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)结构和复合宾语(宾语+ 宾语补足语)结构：比较下面两个句子： My mother made me a cake.(母亲给我做了块蛋糕。) My father made me a doctor. (父亲把我培养成一名医生。) 第一句是双宾语结构，即My mother made a cake for me. 第二句是复合宾语结构，其句法功能为：My father made me (to) be a doctor (I am a doctor). 说明复合宾语结构中，宾语和宾语补足语之间有"主谓关系".
4) 情态动词：must, should, ought to, can, may, need, used to 等动词称为情态动词，有三大特征：A. 不受主语人称和数的影响，如：He may go now. / May I go now? 句中may的形式不变;B. 否定时在后面加not, 如：You ought not to have cheated her. C. 与另一动词连用，中间不用+ " to ", 如上举例。 请根据上述原则，(从语法角度)说出以下那种表达方式是对的： A. She needs to see a doctor. B. She doesn't need to see a doctor. C. Does she need to see a doctor? D. She needs not see a doctor. E. She needn't see a doctor. F. She doesn't need see a doctor. G. She needs see a doctor. 从语法角度看，A、B、C、E是对的。 5) 助动词：帮助实意动词构成某种结构的词，如: He did come yesterday; I saw him in the office.(他昨天确实来了;我在办公室见到他的。——表示强调) 五个基本句型 考研网校医药网校外语网校公务员网校网络课堂网上学习建筑网校
2020年职称英语《卫生类》阅读判断练习5 They Say Ireland's the Best Ireland is the best place in the world lo live for 2005.according to a life quality ranking that appeared in Britain.s Economist magazine last week. The ambitious attempt to compare happiness levels around the World is based ol3 the principle that wealth is not the only measure of human satisfaction and well-being. The index of 111 countries uses data on incomes.health.unemployment.climate,political stability,job security,gender equality as well as what the magazine calls "freedom,family and community life". Despite the bad weather,troubled health service.traffic congestion（拥挤）,gender inequality,and the high cost of living.Ireland scored an impressive 8.33 points out of l0. That put it well ahead of second-place Switzerland,which managed 8.07. Zimbabwe. troubled by political insecurity and hunger,is rated the gloomiest（最差的）,picking up only 3.89 points. "Although rising incomes and increased individual choices are highly valued,"the report said. "some of the factors associated with modernization such as the breakdown（崩溃）in traditional institutions and family values in part take away from a positive impact." "Ireland wins because it successfully combines the most desirable elements of the new with the preservation of
第八篇 Eat Healthy 1. Parents in the United States tend to ask their children C. not to waste food. 2. Why do American restaurants serve large portions? A. Because Americans associate quantity with value. 3. What happened in the 1970s? D. The American waistline started to expand. 4. What does the survey indicate? A. Many poor Americans want large portions. 5. Which of the following is Not true of working class Americans? C. They don't want to be healthy eaters. 第十九篇 Prolonging Human Life 1.The writer believes that the population explosion results from C a decrease in death rates. 2. It can be inferred from the passage that in hunting and gathering cultures B infants could be left dead in times of starvation. 3. According to the passage, which of the following statements about retired people in the United States is true? A Many of them have a very hard life. 4. In Paragraph 3, the phrase “ this need” refers to D the need to take care of a sick and weak people. 5. Which of the following best describes the writer’s attitude toward most of the nursing homes, and convalescent hospitals? D Critical. 第二十四篇 Sleep Lets Brain File Memories 1. Which of the following statements is nearest in meaning to the sentence “To sleep. Perchance t o file?”? A. Does brain arrange memories in useful order during sleep? 2. What is the result of the experiment with rats and mice carried out at Rutgers University? C. Somatosensory neocortex and hippocampus work together tin memory consolidation. 3. What is the relation of memory to glucose tolerance, as is indicated by a research mentioned in paragraph 4? D. The poorer the memory, the poorer glucose tolerance. 4. In what way is memory related to hippocampus shrinkage? B. The more hip pocampus shrinks, the poorer one’s memory. 5. According to the last paragraph, what is the ultimate reason for going to the gym? D. To control glucose levels. +第三十四篇Who Want to Live Forever?
职称英语卫生类B真题及答案 第1部分：词汇选项(第1。15题，每题1分，共15分) 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1 I believe that her account of what happened is very accurate. A simple B precise C vivid D close 2 He based his conclusion on the evidence given by the prisoner. A offered B worked C made D satisfied 3 The union called off the strike at the last minute yesterday. A cancelled B staged C lengthened D organized
4 I have earned a lot of money, but that is not the issue. A goal B task C key D point 5 There has been a lot of debate among us about the necessity to save money A talk B suggestions C discussion D ideas 6 The economy continued to exhibit signs of decline in October. A show B mark C record D carry 7 He endured unbearable agonies before he finally passed away. A left B relaxed C died D slept
2009年职称英语卫生类A级真题及答案第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分） 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1Why can't you stop your eternalcomplaining？ A everlasting B long C temporary D boring 2Hundreds of buildings were wrecked by the earthquake. A shaken B damaged C fallen D jumped 3These paintings are considered by many to be authentic. A faithful B royal C genuine D sincere 4Many economists have given in to the fatal lureof mathematics. A attraction B simplicity C power D rigor 5Ten years after the event，her death still remains a puzzle. A mist B fog C mystery D secret 6John was irritatedby the necessity for polite conversation. A annoyed B troubled C threatened D aroused 7Academic records cannot be duplicated. A borrowed B purchased C rewritten D copied 8The emphasis on the importance of education has spurred scientific research. A fastened B encouraged C raised D initiated 9We have ample money for the journey. A some B little C extra D enough 10 The doctor's pills worked marvelsfor me. A patients B miracles C illness D recovery
2013年职称英语真题理工C（含答案解析） 第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分） 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1. I tried to detach myself from the reality of these terrible events. A. bring B. separate C. put D. set 2. The odd thing was that he didn’t recognize me. A. real B. whole C. same D. strange 3. That performance was pretty impressive. A. completely B. very C. Beautifully D. equally 4. I grabbed his arm and made him turn to look at me. A. throw B. seized C. broke D. stretched 5. The frame needs to be strong enough to support the engine. A. structure B. bottom C. Surface D. top 6. We found shelter from the rain under the trees. A. defense B. protection C standing D. room 7. “There is no other choice.” She sa id in a harsh voice. A. firm B. soft C. deep D. unkind 8. Traffic reaches its rush hour between 8:00 and 9:00 in the morning. A. border B. goal C. level D. peak 9. We have to change the public’s perception that money is everything. A. sight B. belief C. interest D. pressure 10. This was an unexceptionally brutal attack.
2020年职称英语考试卫生类B级阅读判断练习及答案 （3） “We hire talent. ” Those are the words of Rod Franz， a civil service computer technology director， responding to the question of opportunities for women who are interested in pursuing careers as computer technicians. On at least one of three shifts in his operation， the male-female ratio is 50-50. That is not surprising because government and educational institutes are required by the law to make every effort to open hiring opportunities to women and minority workers. What may be even more interesting to young women is that，according to Franz， private industry is hiring women and minorities away from us. And， since private industry pays more， it succeeds. Managers in the rapidly growing computer service field are quick to agree. They strongly encourage women to train for technician jobs， and they actively recruit female technicians across the country. They believe that this career field offers a wealth of possibility for women. A recent study by the Devry Institute of Technology that involved 100 employment managers in the Chicago area showed，too， that the number of women entering the field of computer science is on the rise， and that those already in the field are moving up. A significant increase in the number of women
2012年职称英语卫生类新增文章篇目 职称英语 外语教育网https://www.doczj.com/doc/612981561.html, 2011-12-27
2012年职称英语卫生类 新增文章篇目 阅读理解 第八篇Eat Healthy 第十九篇Prolonging Human Life *第二十四篇Sleep Lets Brain File Memories +第三十四篇Who Want to Live Forever? +第四十篇Some People Do Not Taste Salt Like Others 完形填空 第二篇Going on a diet (18) 注： 1、+表示A级文章；*表示B即文章；其他为C级文章； 2、完形填空请参见第#页； 2
第八篇Eat Healthy "Clean your plate!" and "Be a member of the clean-plate -club!" Just about every kid in the US has heard this from a parent or grandparent. Often，it's accompanied by an appeal:" Just think about those starving orphans in Africa!" Sure, we should be grateful for every bite of food. Unfortunately, many people in the US take too many bites. Instead of staying "clean the plate", perhaps we should save some food for tomorrow. According to news reports, US restaurants are partly to blame for the growing bellies. A waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer, with two to four times the amount recommended by the government, according to a USA Today story. Americans traditionally associate quantity with value and most restaurants try to give them that. They prefer to have customers complain about too much food rather than too little. Barbara Rolls, a nutrition professor at Pennsylvania State University, told USA Today that restaurant portion sizes began to grow in the 1970s, the same time that the American waistline began to expand. Health experts have tried to get many restaurants to serve smaller portions. Now, apparently，some customers are calling for this too. The restaurant industry trade magazine QSR reported last month that 57 percent of more than 4,000 people surveyed believe restaurants serve portions that are too large; 23 percent had no opinion; 20 percent disagreed. But a closer look at the survey indicates that many Americans who can't afford fine dining still prefer large portions. Seventy percent of those earning at least $150,000 per year prefer smaller portions; but only 45 percent of those earning less than $25,000 want smaller. It's not that working class Americans don't want to eat healthy. It's just that，after long hours at low-paying jobs，getting less on their plate hardly seems like a good deal. They live from paycheck to paycheck ，happy to save a little money for next year's Christmas presents. 词汇: orphan /''?:f?n] / n.孤儿 belly /'beli/ n.肚子 3
2020年职称英语（卫生类）教材阅读理练习3 Cooking Oil Fumes Cause Tumor The leading cause of lung cancer among women in the city was cooking oil fumes while men are more likely to develop the disease from smoking,said medical experts after a five-year research study. Doctors announced the results yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies in lung cancer.They said patients are younger,especially women. According to the Shanghai Tumor research Institute,more local residents die of lung cancer in the city than anything else.Following breast cancer,it has the second-highest incidence rate. "An unhealthy lifestyle is a very important reason for lung cancer,"said Dr He Yumin from Shanghai Minshen Traditional Chinese Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment Center. He followed 2，276 lung cancer patients for five years.Among them，l，483 were male. Smoking causes 70 percent of cases among men while only l8 percent of female patients developed cancer from smoking or inhaling second-hand smoke,according to the report. However,more than 60 percent of women with the disease had long term,close contact with strong oil fumes from cooking and complained about1 irritated eyes and throat.