2013职称英语卫生类考试阅读理解专项练习汇总

卫生A级：阅读理解：第三十九篇Sauna第三十四篇Who Wants to Live Forever?第四十二篇More about Alzheimer‟s Disease第五十篇15 Million Americans Suffer from Social Anxiety Disorder第四十六篇Malnutrition完形填空：第十四篇Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores第十五篇Life Expectancy in the Last Hundred Years第十三篇Scientists Develop Ways of Detecting Heart Attack第十一篇Migrant Workers第三十九篇Sauna 桑拿浴仪式性的沐浴已经有几千年的历史，并S有多种形式，其中的一种就是桑拿浴。

芬兰人完善了蒸汽浴，也就是桑拿浴。

它可以在一个封闭的房间里将水浇在滚烫的石头上，或是一种干热浴。

日本人、希腊人、土耳其人、俄国人以及美洲土著人在他们的沐浴传统中都有发汗浴这一形式。

用干热浴发汗的方式是古罗马优先使用的，而哥伦布发现美洲大陆前的美洲人则使用发汗小屋。

最早的桑拿浴很有可能是在地下山洞里。

由于当时还没有掌握烟®技术，山洞里总是充满着火焰引起的。

人们在火槽里生火，加热山洞的四壁。

当墙壁达到一定的温度时，将浓烟排出洞外，这使得墙壁还能保持几个小时的高温。

今天，有一些人认为有烟的桑拿浴，“烟熏桑拿”，才是真正的桑拿体验，而所有的桑拿浴都应该至少有烟熏或烟味儿的背景。

现在，尽管煤油炉和烧木头的火炉仍然可以使用，大多数的桑拿浴都是用电妒。

桑拿浴能使人放松并消除压力。

肌肉疼痛或关节炎都可以利用桑拿浴的热气减轻疼痛和炎症。

热气还可以拓展哮喘患者的肺部通道，使呼吸更加顺畅。

桑拿浴并不能治愈普通的感冒，但它可以减轻患者的胸闷感，加快康复的速度。

2013年职称英语考试卫生类阅读理解练习题汇总2013年职称英语考试卫生类阅读理解练习题（1）New Foods and the New WorldIn the last 500 years, nothing about people---not their clothes, ideas, or languages---has changed as much as what they eat. The original chocolate drink was made form the seeds of the cocoa tree by South American Indians. The Spanish introduced it to the rest of the world during the 1500’s. And although it was very expensive, it quickly became fashionable. In London shops where chocolate drinks were served became important meeting places. Some still exist today.The potato is also from the New World. Around 1600, the Spanish brought it from Peru to Europe, where it soon was widely grown. Ireland became so dependent on it that thousands of Irish people starved when the crop failed during the "Potato Famine" of 1845-6, and thousands more were forced to emigrate to America.There are many other foods that have traveled from south America to the Old World. But some others went in the opposite direction. Brazil is now the world’s l argest grower of coffee, and coffee is an important crop in Colombia and other South American countries. But it is native to Ethiopia. It was first made into a drink by Arabs during the 1400’s.According to an Arabic legend, coffee was discovered when a goatherd named Kaldi noticed that his goats were attracted to the red berries on a coffee bush. He tried one and experienced the "wide-awake" feeling that one-third of the world’s population now starts the day with.1. According to the passage, which of the following has changed the most in the last 500 years?A) Food.B) Chocolate.C) Potato.D) Coffee2. "Some" in "Some still exist today" meansA) some cocoa trees.B) some chocolate drinks.C) some shops.D) some South American Indians.3. Thousands of Irish people starved during the "Potato Famine" becauseA) they were so dependent on the potato that they refused to eat anything else.B) they were forced to emigrate to America.C) the weather conditions in Ireland were not suitable for growing the potato.D) the potato harvest was bad.4. Coffee originally came fromA) Brazil.B) Colombia.C) Ethiopia.D) Arabia.5. The Arabic legend is used to prove thatA) coffee was first discovered by Kaldi.B) coffee was f irst discovered by Kaldi’s goats.C) coffee was first discovered in south American countries.D) coffee drinks were first made by Arabs.参考答案: ACDCD练习题(2)A Football ClubDuring the 1970 season, the club played 42 matches: of these, 34 were League and Cup games, and the remainder were friendly matches. In the League, the Club finished in third place, two points behind the champions. Out of 28 League games, 16 were won, 8 were drawn and 4 were lost, whilst the Club managed to reach the semi-final of the Challenge Cup for the first time in its history. Of the eight friendly matches, four were won, two were drawn, and two were lost, but these defeats were at the hands of visiting teams whose standards were generally much higher than those of players of this area.At the same time, the standard of play shown by our own team was markedly superior to that seen in previous years, and this success is largely due to the intensive training programme which has been supervised by the team captain. In this connection, the provision of adequate training facilities must remain a priority, and the erection of an indoor gymnasium or hall in which the players can practise on wet evenings is essential. It would do much to supplement the outdoor training being carried on, and would help the Club in the recruitment of younger players.There are now 28 players registered with the Club, and many more have asked to join but have been discouraged by the fact that the Club fields only one team. With the improvement in the financial position, concerning which the Treasurer will report in a minute. I suggest that the Committee consider entering a team in the Second Division of the League.1. How many Cup matches did the Challenge Club play?A) 34B) 6C) 8D) 422. What reason does the speaker give for the Club’s improved playing record?A) The provision of adequate training facilities.B) The erection of an indoor gymnasium.C) The intensive training under the team captain.D) The low standards of the visiting teams.3. In the second paragraph," this connection" refers toA) an indoor gymnasium.B) An indoor hall.C) The team captain.D) The intensive training programs.4. The committee may enter a team in the Second Division of the League because ofA) its improved financial position.B) Its better training facilities.C) Its improved playing record.D) Its ambition to become famous.5. The tone of this report isA) objective.B) Unfriendly.C) Pessimistic.D) Critical.参考答案: BCDAA练习题(3)New Foods and the New WorldIn the last 500 years, nothing about people---not their clothes, ideas, or languages---has changed as much as what they eat. The original chocolate drink was made form the seeds of the cocoa tree by South American Indians. The Spanish introduced it to the rest of the world during the 1500’s. And although it was very expensive, it quickly became fashionable. In London shops where chocolate drinks were served became important meeting places. Some still exist today.The potato is also from the New World. Around 1600, the Spanish brought it from Peru to Europe, where it soon was widely grown. Ireland became so dependent on it that thousands of Irish people starved when the crop failed during the "Potato Famine" of 1845-6, and thousands more were forced to emigrate to America.There are many other foods that have traveled from south America to the Old World. But some others went in the opposite direction. Brazil is now the world’s largest grower of coffee, and coffee is an important crop in Colombia and other South American countries. But it is native to Ethiopia. It was first made into a drink by Arabs during the 1400’s.According to an Arabic legend, coffee was discovered when a goatherd named Kaldi noticed that his goats were attracted to the red berries on a coffee bush. He tried one and experienced the "wide-awake" feeling that one-third of the world’s population now starts the day with.1. According to the passage, which of the following has changed the most in the last 500 years?A) Food.B) Chocolate.C) Potato.D) Coffee2. "Some" in "Some still exist today" meansA) some cocoa trees.B) some chocolate drinks.C) some shops.D) some South American Indians.3. Thousands of Irish people starved during the "Potato Famine" becauseA) they were so dependent on the potato that they refused to eat anything else.B) they were forced to emigrate to America.C) the weather conditions in Ireland were not suitable for growing the potato.D) the potato harvest was bad.4. Coffee originally came fromA) Brazil.B) Colombia.C) Ethiopia.D) Arabia.5. The Arabic legend is used to prove thatA) coffee was first discovered by Kaldi.B) coffee was first discovered by Kaldi’s goats.C) coffee was first discovered in south American countries.D) coffee drinks were first made by Arabs.参考答案: ACDCD2013年职称英语考试卫生类阅读理解练习题(4)A Football ClubDuring the 1970 season, the club played 42 matches: of these, 34 were League and Cup games, and the remainder were friendly matches. In the League, the Club finished in third place, two points behind the champions. Out of 28 League games, 16 were won, 8 were drawn and 4 were lost, whilst the Club managed to reach the semi-final of the Challenge Cup for the first time in its history. Of the eight friendly matches, four were won, two were drawn, and two were lost, but these defeats were at the hands of visiting teams whose standards were generally much higher than those of players of this area.At the same time, the standard of play shown by our own team was markedly superior to that seen in previous years, and this success is largely due to the intensive training programme which has been supervised by the team captain. In this connection, the provision of adequate training facilities must remain a priority, and the erection of an indoor gymnasium or hall in which the players can practise on wet evenings is essential. It would do much to supplement the outdoor training being carried on, and would help the Club in the recruitment of younger players.There are now 28 players registered with the Club, and many more have asked to join but have been discouraged by the fact that the Club fields only one team. With the improvement in the financial position, concerning which the Treasurer will report in a minute. I suggest that the Committee consider entering a team in the Second Division of the League.1. How many Cup matches did the Challenge Club play?A) 34B) 6C) 8D) 422. What reason does the speaker give for the Club’s improved playing record?A) The provision of adequate training facilities.B) The erection of an indoor gymnasium.C) The intensive training under the team captain.D) The low standards of the visiting teams.3. In the second paragraph," this connection" refers toA) an indoor gymnasium.B) An indoor hall.C) The team captain.D) The intensive training programs.4. The committee may enter a team in the Second Division of the League because ofA) its improved financial position.B) Its better training facilities.C) Its improved playing record.D) Its ambition to become famous.5. The tone of this report isA) objective.B) Unfriendly.C) Pessimistic.D) Critical.参考答案: BCDAA（5）"Lemons" in Used Car MarketSuppose that you, a college student of somewhat limited means, are in the market for a used pickup truck. The following ad in a local used car publication catches your eyes.1993 Ford Ranger, bilk, 4WD, a/cAM/FM/cass., showroom condition.Call 555-1234 after 5 p.mThis is exactly the kind of vehicle you want, so you call to inquire about the price. The price you are quoted over the phone is $2,000 lower than the price for this model with this equipment listed in a used car guidebook. Instead of being ecstatic, however, you are For many products, when you must pay less than the going rate, you believe you are getting a great deal. This is not necessarily the case for used cars or other durable goods(washing machines and television sets, for example) because with expensive products-or, what is essentially the same thing, products with high replacement costs-you must be particularly careful about getting a "lemon." Or a product of substandard quality.In addition to asking the price, the age of a car-or any other consumer durable-is a factor when you are trying to determine whether a seller is attempting to unload a lemon. While people have all sorts of reasons for wanting to sell their cars-even relatively new cars-most people hold off until they have put many thousands of miles on a car or until the used car is several years old. You would probably be as suspicious of a car that is "too new" as you would a car that is "too good " a deal. In fact, you are probably willing to pay a high price for a high-quality used car. While this price would certainly be acceptable to the seller, the competitive market might not facilitate such trades.1. The beginning of this passage assumes that college studentsA) are very clever but not very rich.B) Are very capable but not very diligent.C) Have limited material resourcesD) Are not rich.2. The passage indicated that, sometimes when you find a product of an unexpectedly low price.A) You are very happy.B) You are rather suspicious.C) You are filled with happiness as well as surprise.D) You feel uneasy.3."Lemon" in this passage refers toA) a kind of fruit.B) A kind of new car.C) A kind of expensive and high-quality car.D) A product of inferior quality.4.If you want to know if the seller is trying to unload a lemon, youA) take the age of the car into consideration.B) Take the price of the lemon into considerationC) Consider how many miles the car has run.D) Consider both the price as well as the age of the car.5.It can be concluded from the passage that in the used car market,A) used cars are generally cheap.B) Used cars are generally expensiveC) Used cars are actually brand newD) Car buyers are willing to pay a high price for a used car.参考答案: DBDDA（6）"Lemons" in Used Car MarketSuppose that you, a college student of somewhat limited means, are in the market for a used pickup truck. The following ad in a local used car publication catches your eyes.1993 Ford Ranger, bilk, 4WD, a/cAM/FM/cass., showroom condition.Call 555-1234 after 5 p.mThis is exactly the kind of vehicle you want, so you call to inquire about the price. The price you are quoted over the phone is $2,000 lower than the price for this model with this equipment listed in a used car guidebook. Instead of being ecstatic, however, you are For many products, when you must pay less than the going rate, you believe you are getting a great deal. This is not necessarily the case for used cars or other durable goods(washing machines and television sets, for example) because with expensive products-or, what is essentially the same thing, products with high replacement costs-you must be particularly careful about getting a "lemon." Or a product of substandard quality.In addition to asking the price, the age of a car-or any other consumer durable-is a factor when you are trying to determine whether a seller is attempting to unload a lemon. While people have all sorts of reasons for wanting to sell their cars-even relatively new cars-most people hold off until they have put many thousands of miles on a car or until the used car is several years old. You would probably be as suspicious of a car that is "too new" as you would a car that is "too good " a deal. In fact, you are probably willing to pay a high price for a high-quality used car. While this price would certainly be acceptable to the seller, the competitive market might not facilitate such trades.1. The beginning of this passage assumes that college studentsA) are very clever but not very rich.B) Are very capable but not very diligent.C) Have limited material resourcesD) Are not rich.2. The passage indicated that, sometimes when you find a product of an unexpectedly low price.A) You are very happy.B) You are rather suspicious.C) You are filled with happiness as well as surprise.D) You feel uneasy.3."Lemon" in this passage refers toA) a kind of fruit.B) A kind of new car.C) A kind of expensive and high-quality car.D) A product of inferior quality.4.If you want to know if the seller is trying to unload a lemon, youA) take the age of the car into consideration.B) Take the price of the lemon into considerationC) Consider how many miles the car has run.D) Consider both the price as well as the age of the car.5.It can be concluded from the passage that in the used car market,A) used cars are generally cheap.B) Used cars are generally expensiveC) Used cars are actually brand newD) Car buyers are willing to pay a high price for a used car.参考答案: DBDDA（7）Earth Angels1 Joying Brescia was 8 years old when she noticed that cigarette butts(烟头)were littering her hometown beach in Isle of Palms，South Carolina．When she learned that it takes five years for the remains of a cigarette to disintegrate，she decided to take action．Joying launched a―No Butts on the Beach‖ campaign．She raised money and awareness about the need to keep the beaches dean．With the help of others．Joying also bought or received donations of gallon-size plastic ice．cream buckets．The buckets were filled with sand。

2013年度全国职称英语等级考试卫生类（C级）试题第1部分：词汇选项（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1.I tried to detach myself from the reality of these terrible events.A bringB putC separateD set2.The odd thing was that he didn't recognize me.A realB strangeC wholeD same3.That performance was pretty impressive.A veryB completelyC beautifullyD equally4.I grabbed his arm and made him turn to look at me.A threwB brokeC stretchedD seized5.The frame needs to be strong enough to support the engine.A bottomB structureC surfaceD top6.We found shelter from the rain under the trees.A defenseB standingC protectionD room7.“There is no other choice,"she said in a harsh voice.A unkindB firmC softD deep8.Traffic reaches its rush hour between8:00and9:00in the morning.A borderB goalC levelD peak9.We have to change the public's perception that money is everything.A sightB interestC beliefD pressure10.This was an unexceptionally brutal attack.A openB cruelC suddenD direct11.She came across three children sleeping under a bridge.A passed byB took a notice ofC woke upD found by chance12.It seemed incredible that he had been there a week already.A rightB obviousC unbelievableD unclear13.He was tempted by the high salary offered by the company.A attractedB taughtC keptD changed14.She gets aggressive when she is drunk.A worriedB offensiveC sleepyD anxious15.I have little information as regards her fitness for the post.A atB withC aboutD from第2部分：阅读判断（第16~22题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

2013年职称英语（卫生B）阅读理解中英文背宝*第十七篇Eating Potatoes Gives Your Immune System a Boost*第十八篇Exercise Can Replace Insulin for Elderly Diabetics*第十九篇Prolonging Human Life（2012新增未考）*第二十篇FDA: Human, Animal Waste Threatens Produce*第二十一篇Early or Later Day Care*第二十二篇Egypt Felled by Famine*第二十三篇After-birth Depression Blamed for Woman's Suicide*第二十四篇Sleep Lets Brain File Memories （2012新增未考）*第二十五篇Medicine Award Kicks off Nobel Prize Announcements*第二十六篇Obesity: the Scourge of the Western World*第二十七篇New Attempts to Eradicate AIDS Virus（2012新增已考）*第二十八篇Diseases of Agricultural Plants*第二十九篇“Don’t Drink Alone” Gets New Meaning（2013新增）*第三十篇Silent and Deadly*第三十一篇Spacing in Animals*第三十二篇Fruit and Vegetable Juices as Beneficial to Health as Fruits and Veggies*第三十三篇In-line Skating and Injuries。

17食用土豆能促进我们的免疫系统吃土豆有益于肠道健康，而且对整个免疫系统也有益，尤其是吃土豆色拉和凉吃。

在对动物模式的一个研究中，西班牙的调查者发现用未经加工的土豆淀粉喂养的猪不仅肠道更健康，而且降低了白血细胞的水平，如血液中的白细胞和淋巴细胞的数量。

白血细胞通常是由于身体受到考验而产生炎症和疾病时导致的。

西班牙研究者们所观察到的全身性下调白血球水平的作用意味着未经加工的土豆淀粉是具有全面的有益的作用的，也就是总的来说身体是更加健康的。

白血球数量降低了大约百分之十五。

淋巴细胞数量的降低显示炎症指标的下降，然而观察到的淋巴细胞浓度和淋巴细胞凋亡的减少却是惊人的。

在对此进行的最长的研究是用未经加工的土豆淀粉喂养猪十四个星期后来判定淀粉对肠道健康的影响。

"在实验中使用未经加工的土豆淀粉，就是为了摸拟富含耐久淀粉的饮食所起的作用。

"西班牙巴塞罗那自治大学的研究负责人Jose Francisco Perez这样说道。

人们不吃未经加了的土豆，但是却吃很多富含耐久淀粉的食物，比如说凉的熟土豆、豆荚、粮食、绿香蕉、面食、谷物等。

人们食用的淀粉大约有百分之十为耐久淀粉，也就是不能在小肠中消化，而是分流到大肠，在大肠中发酵的淀粉。

食用淀粉被认为可以降低大肠癌的得病几率，还有可能对过敏性肠综合症起作用。

20、FDA：人畜排泄物危及农产品美国食品和药物管理署本周五说，新鲜水果蔬菜在生产、采摘与加工过程中最大的食品安全危险是人畜排泄物。

每年有9000多名美国人死于由食物产生的疾病。

一些科学家认为新鲜农产品是带来污染的首要因素。

FDA发行了一整套指导方针草案，以便使美国与外国种植者们严格监控人员卫生、用水质量、肥料施用和产品运输。

这34页的指导方针敦促种植者们对工人进行基本卫生知识的教育。

例如，用肥皂洗手，包扎伤口以免污染农产品，以及只使用清洁的厕所等。

FDA所的指导方针指出新鲜农产品的"最大污染源"为人畜粪便。

阅读1 SaunaCeremonial bathing has existed for thousands of years and has many forms, one of which is the sauna.…………Indeed, everyone just starting out should take short sessions11 at first to become accustomed to this type of bath.1. Ceremonial bathingC）has various forms .2. What is understood by some people to be the true sauna experience?B) Saunas with smoke.3. According to the third paragraph, saunas can do all of the following EXCEPT.D) curing asthma4. According to the fourth paragraph, sauna gives the skin a healthy glow because_________.A) pores are cleaned by sweat5. Who are advised not to take a sauna?D) All of the above.阅读2 “Don’t Drink Alone” Gets New MeaningIn what may be bad news for bars and pubs，a European research group has found that people drinking alcohol outside of meals have a significantly higher risk of cancer in the mouth and neck than do those taking their libations with food.…………He speculates that the reason laryngeal risks were dramatically lower for all study participants traces to the tissue’s lower exposure to alcohol.1. Researchers have found that the risk of cancer in the mouth and neck is higher with peopleA) who drink alcohol outside of mealsur2. Which of the following is NOT the conclusion made by th e researchers about “drinking with meals”?C) It increases by 20 percent the possibility of cancer in all sites.3. Approximately how many drinks do the lowest-intake group average per day?A) 3 drinks.4.Which cancer risk is the lowest among all the four kinds of cancer mentioned in the passage?B) Laryngeal cancer.5.According to the last paragraph, tissue’s lower exposure to alcoholD) reduces the risk of laryngeal cancer.阅读3 Eat to LiveA meager diet may give you health and long life, but it’s not much fun —and it might not even be necessary. …………His company, Lifespan Genetics in California, is looking for drugs that have the effects of calorie restriction.1. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?D）We have to begin dieting since childhood.2.Why does the author mention an elderly mouse in paragraph 2?B）To illustrate the effect of meager food on mice.3. What can be inferred about completely normally fed mice mentioned in the passage?D）They are more likely to suffer from inflammation.4. According to the author, which of the following most interested the researchers?A ）The mice that started dieting in old age.5. According to the last two paragraphs, Spindler believes thatC）dieting is not a good method to give us health and long life.阅读4Prolonging Human LifeProlonging human life has increased the size of the human population. Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago. ………………While a few of these institutions arc good, most of them are simply "dumping grounds" for the dying in which "care" is given by poorly paid, overworked, and under-skilled personnel.1. The writer believes that the population explosion results fromC）a decrease in death rates.2. It can be inferred from the passage that in hunting and gathering culturesB）infants could be left dead in times of starvation.3. According to the passage, which of the following statements about retired people in the United States is true? A）Many of them have a very hard life.4. In Paragraph 3, the phrase "this need" refers toD）the need to take care of a sick and weak person.5. Which of the following best describes the writer's attitude toward most of the nursing homes, and convalescent hospitals? D）Critical.阅读5 Sleep Lets Brain File Memories To sleep. Perchance to file? Findings published online this week by the Proceedings of the National………………14" Exercise and weight control can help keep glucose levels in check15, so there may be one more reason to go to the gym.1. Which of the following statements is nearest in meaning to the sentence "To sleep. Perchance to file?"?A）Does brain arrange memories in useful order during sleep?2.What is the result of the experiment with rats and mice carried out at Rutgers University?C）Somatosensory neocortex and hippocampus work together in memory consolidation.3. What is the relation of memory to glucose tolerance, as is indicated by a research mentioned in paragraph 4?D）The poorer the memory, the poorer glucose tolerance.4. In what way is memory related to hippocampus shrinkage? B）The more hippocampus shrinks, the poorer one's memory.5. According to the last paragraph, what is the ultimate reason for going to the gym?D）To control glucose levels.。

以下是为⼤家整理的关于职称英语等级考试的⽂章，供⼤家学习参考！Calling for Safe Celebrations This Fourth of July Last Fourth of July, Pete, a 14-year-old, was enjoying the lit-up skies and loud booms from the fireworks being set off in his neighborhood. Suddenly, the evening took a terrible turn. A bottle rocket shot into his eye, immediately causing him terrible pain. His family rushed him to the emergency room for treatment. As a result of the injury, Pete developed glaucoma and cataracts. Today, Pete has permanent vision loss in his injured eye because of his bottle rocket injury. June is Fireworks Eye Safety Awareness Month, and through its EyeSmart campaign the American Academy of Ophthalmology wants to remind consumers to leave fireworks to professionals. “There is nothing worse than a Fourth of July celebration ruined by someone being hit in the eye a bottle rocket,” said Dr. John C. Hagan, clinical correspondent for the Academy and an ophthalmologist at Discover Vision Centers in Kansas City. “A safe celebration means letting trained professionals handle fireworks while you enjoy the show. According to the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, more than 9,000 fireworks-related injuries happen each year. Of these, nearly half are head-related injuries, with nearly 30 percent of these injuries to the eye. One-fourth of fireworks eye injuries result in permanent vision loss or blindness. Children are the most common victims of firework abuse, with those fifteen years old or younger accounting for 50 percent of fireworks eye injuries in the Unites States. Dr. Hagan estimates that his practice sees more than 30 injuries each year from fireworks. Even fireworks that many people consider safe represent a threat to the wyes. For children under the age of five, apparently harmless sparklers account for one-third of all fireworks injuries. Sparklers can burn at nearly 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit. 练习： 1.What happened to Pete last Fourth of July? A) He was burned in a house fire. B) He was caught in a rain. C) He was injured in a fight. D) He was hit in the eye. 2. The American Academy of Ophthalmology calls on consumers to A) celebrate the Fourth of July with fireworks. B) leave fireworks to professionals in their celebrations. C) stop celebrating the Fourth of July altogether. D) set off fireworks together with trained professionals. 3. How many fireworks eye injuries occur in the US each year? A) About 9,000. B) About 4,500. C) About 1,350. D) About 30. 4. Fireworks eye injuries can result in each of the following EXCEPT A) blindness. B) permanent vision loss. C) glaucoma and cataracts. D) head-related injuries. 5. Which is NOT true of sparklers? A) They are harmless to children. B) They are considered safe by many people. C) They are a threat to the eyes. D) They can burn at very high degrees. 答案：1.D 2.B 3.C 4.D 5.A。

2013职称英语卫生类新增阅读和完型填空（含译文）阅读理解第十六篇Eat to LiveA meager diet may give you health and long life, but it’s not much fun —and it might not even be necessary. We may be able to hang on to most of that youthful vigor even if we don’t start to diet until old age.Stephen Spindler and his colleagues from the University of California at Riverside have found that some of an elderly mouse’s liver genes can be made to behave as they did when the mouse was young simply by limiting its food for four weeks. The genetic rejuvenation won’t reverse other damage caused by time for the mouse, but could help its liver metabolize drugs or get rid of toxins.Spindler’s team fed three mice a normal diet for their whole lives, and fed another three on half-rations3. Three more mice were switched from the normal diet to half-feed3 for a month when they were 34 months old —equivalent to about 70 human years.The researchers checked the activity of 11,000 genes from the mouse livers, and found that 46 changed with age in the normally fed mice. The changes were associated with things like inflammation and free radical production一probably bad news for mouse health. In the mice that had dieted all their lives,27 of those 46 genes continued to behave like young genes. But the most surprising finding was that the mice that only started dieting in old age also benefited from 70 per cent of these gene changes."This is the first indication that these effects kick in pretty quickly,”says Huber Warner from the National Institute on Aging near Washington D. C.No one yet knows if calorie restriction works in people as it does in mice, but Spindler is hopeful. “There’s attracting and tempting evidence out there that it will work,”he says.If it does work in people,there might be good reasons for rejuvenating the liver. As we get older, our bodies are less efficient at metabolizing drugs, for example. A brief period of time of dieting, says Spindler, could be enough to make sure a drug is effective.But Spindler isn’t sure the trade-off is worth it. “The mice get less disease, they live longer, but they’re hungry,”he says. “Even seeing what a diet does, it’s still hard to go to a restaurant and say: ‘I can only eat half of that,. ”Spindler hopes we soon won’t need to diet at all. His company, Lifespan Genetics in California, is looking for drugs that have the effects of calorie restriction.参考译文第十六篇为生存而食粗茶淡饭或许能给你健康和长寿，但这并不有趣——很有可能也没必要。

职称英语阅读理解真题及答案（卫生类A级）为大家整理了2013年职称英语阅读理解真题及答案（卫生类A级），仅供参考！！2013年职称英语卫生类A级阅读理解真题及答案1DNA is the genetic material found within the cell nuclei of all living things. In mammals the strands of DNA are grouped into structures called chromosomes. With the exception of identical siblings (as in identical twins., the complete DNA of each individual is unique.DNA fingerprinting is sometimes called DNA typing. It is a method of identification that compares bits of DN A. A DAN fingerprint is constructed by first drawing out a DNA sample from body tissue or fluid such as hair, blood, or saliva. The sample is then segmented using enzymes, and the segments are arranged by size. The segments are marked with probes and exposed on X-ray film, where they form a pattern of black bars—the DNA fingerprint. If the DNA fingerprints produced from two different samples match, the two samples probably came from the same person.DNA fingerprinting was first developed as an identification technique in 1985. Originally used to detect the presence of genetic diseases, it soon came to be used in criminal investigations and legal affairs. The first criminal conviction based on DNA evidence in the United States occurred in 1988. In criminal investigations, DNA fingerprints derived from evidence collected at the crime scene are compared to the DNA fingerprints of suspects. Generally, courts have accepted the reliability of DNA testing and admitted DNA test results into evidence. However, DNA fingerprinting is controversial in a number of areas: the accuracy of the results, the cost of testing, and the possible misuse of the technique.The accuracy of DNA fingerprinting has been challenged for several reasons. First,because DNA segments rather than complete DNA strands are “fingerprinted”; a DNA fingerprint may not be unique; large-scale research to confirm the uniqueness of DNA fingerprinting test results has not been conducted. In addition, DNA fingerprinting is often done in private laboratories that may not follow uniform testing standards and quality controls. Also, since human beings must interpret the test, human error could lead to false results.DNA fingerprinting is expensive. Suspects who are unable to provide their own DNA to experts may not be able to successfully defend themselves against charges based on DNA evidence.Widespread use of DNA testing for identification purposes may lead to the establishment of a DNA fingerprint database.1. According to the essay, we can find chromosomesA. in a fish.B. in a tree.C. in a sheep.D. in a rock.2. DNA fingerprinting is more often used forA. obtaining samples of chromosomes.B. providing evidence in court investigations.C. proving the horse to be a mammal.D. printing books about biology.3. When your brother looks exactly like you, your complete DNA may beA. exactly like his.B. totally different from his.C. unique.D. lost.4. Some people believe that using a DNA fingerprint may not be so reliable becauseA. the accuracy of DNA fingerprinting has been challenged.B. no private laboratory follows uniform testing standards or quality controls.C. mistakes are possible when researchers explain what have come of their tests.D. suspects may not have enough money to provide their own DNA to law-courts.5. This essay talks about DNA fingerprinting concerning the following aspects EXCEPTA. legal application of the method.B. the way to obtain a DNA sample.C. work yet to be done about DNA fingerprinting.D. possible danger in drawing a DNA sample from the human body.DNA指纹DNA是所有生物细胞核子发现的基因材料。

2013年职称英语卫生类A级真题及答案第1部分：词汇选项（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1. The drinking water has become contaminated with lead.A. treatedB. testedC. corruptedD. polluted2. Respect for life is a cardinal principle of the law.A. moralB. regularC. fundamentalD. hard3. The rules are too rigid to allow for humane error.A. inflexibleB. generalC. complexD. direct4. She shed a few tears at her daughter’s wedding.A. wipedB. injectedC. removedD. produced5. They didn’t seem to appreciate the magnitude of the problem.A. existenceB. importanceC. causeD. situation6. The contract between the two companies will expire soon.A. endB. shortenC. startD. resume7. The proposal was endorsed by the majority of members.A. approvedB. rejectedC. submittedD. considered8. The police will need to keep a wary eye on this area of town.A. nakedB. cautiousC. blindD. private9. Many experts remain skeptical about his claims.A. untouchedB. certainC. doubtfulD. silent10. Rumors began to circulate about his financial problems.A. sendB. hearC. confirmD. spread11. Three world-class tennis players came to contend for this title.A. argueB. competeC. claimD. wish12. The tower remains intact even after two hundred years.A. unknownB. unusualC. undamagedD. unstable13. The methods of communication used during the war were primitive.A. reliableB. effectiveC. simpleD. alternative14. Come out, or I’ll bust the door down.A. shutB. setC. beatD. break15. This species has nearly died out because its habitat is being destroyed.A. turned deadB. passed byC. become extinctD. carried away第2部分：阅读判断(第16~22题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断;如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

第二篇 A Biological ClockEvery living thing has what scientists call a biological clock that controls behavior. The biological clock tells __1_plants_ when to form flowers and when the flowers should open. It tells __2_insects_ when to leave the protective cocoons and fly away，and it tells animals and human beings when to eat, sleep and wake.Events outside the plant and animal __3_affect_ the actions of some biological clocks. Scientists recently found, for example, that a tiny animal changes the color of its fur __4_because of_ the number of hours of daylight. In the short __5days__ of winter, its fur becomes white. The fur becomes gray brown in color in the longer hours of daylight in summer.Inner signals control other biological clocks. German scientists found that some kind of internal clock seems to order birds to begin their long migration __6flight__ twice each year. Birds __7_prevented from_ flying become restless when it is time for the trip，__8_but_ they become calm again when the time of the flight has ended.Scientists say they are beginning to learn which __9_parts_ of the brain contain biological clocks. An American researcher, Martin Moorhead, said a small group of cells near the front of the brain __10_seems_ to control the timing of some of our actions. These __11_cells_ tell a person when to __12_awaken_ ，when to sleep and when to seek food . Scientists say there probably are other biological clock cells that control other body activities.Dr. Moorhead is studying __13_how_ our biological clocks affect the way we do our work. For example, most of us have great difficulty if we must often change to different work hours.__14_It_ can take many days for a human body to accept the major change in work hours. Dr. Moorhead said industrial officials should have a better understanding of biological clocks and how they affect workers. He said __15_such_ understanding could cut sickness and accidents at work and would help increase a factory’s p roduction,第九篇The Case of the Disappearing FingerprintsOne useful anti-cancer drug can effectively erase the whorls and other characteristic marks that give people their distinctive fingerprints. Losing __1them__ could become troublesome. A casereleased online in a letter by Annals of Oncology indicates how big a __2problem__ of losing fingerprints is.Eng-Huat Tan, a Singapore-based medical doctor describes a 62-year old man who has used capecitabine to __3treat__ his nasopharyngeal cancer. After three years on the __4_drug_ ，the patient decided to visit U. S. relatives last December. But he was stopped by U. S. customs officials __5_for_ 4 hours after entering the country when those officials couldn't get fingerprints from the man. There were no distinctive swirly __6marks__ appearing from his index finger.U. S. customs has been fingerprinting incoming foreign visitors for years, Tan says. Their index fingers are __7_printed_ and screened against digital files of the fingerprints of bad guys—terrorists and potential criminals that our federal guardians have been tasked with keeping out of the country. Unfortunately, for the Singaporean traveler，one potential __8side__ effect of his drug treatment is a smoothing of the tissue on the finger pads. __9Hence__ ，no fingerprints.“It is uncertain when fingerprint loss will __10_begin_ to take place in patients who are taking capecitabine，” Tan points out. So he cautions any physicians who __11_prescribe_ the drug to provide their patients with .a doctor’s note pointing out that their medicine may cause fingerprints to disappear.Eventually, the Singapore traveler made it into the United States. I guess the name on his passport didn’t raise any red flags. But he，s also now got the explanatory doctor’s note —and won’t leave home __12without__ it.By the way, maybe the Food and Drug Administration, __13_which_ approved use of the drug11 years ago, should consider __14_updating_ its list of side effects associated with this medicine. The current list does note that patients may experience vomiting, stomach pain and some other side effects. But no where __15_does_ it mention the potential for loss of fingerprints.第十四篇Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQScoresYoung adults who are fit have a higher IQ and are more __1likely__ to go on to university，reveals a major new study carried out at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital.The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). The study involved 1.2 million Swedish men doing military service who were born between 1950 and 1976. The research group analyzed the __2_results_ of both physical and IQ tests the youngsters took right after they started serving the army.The study shows a clear link __3_between_ good physical fitness and better results for the IQ test. The strongest links are for __4_logical_ thinking and verbal comprehension. But it is only fitness that plays a __5_role_ in the results for the IQ test，and not strength. “Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung __6_capacity_ and that your brain gets plenty of __7_oxygen_ ，”says Michael Nilsson, professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahlgrenska Un iversity Hospital. “This may be one of the reasons __8_why_ we can see a clear link with fitness, but not with muscular __9strength__. We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important. ”By analyzing data for twins, the researchers have been __10_able_ to determine that it is primarily environmental factors and not genes that explain the link between fitness and a __11_higher_ IQ.“We have also shown that those youngsters who __12_improve_ their physical fitness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance,” says Maria Aberg, researcher at the Sahlgrenska Academy and physician at Aby health centre. “This being the case6, physical __13eduction__ is a subject that has an important place in schools, and is an absolute must if we want to do well in maths and other theoretical subjects.”The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests __14during__ national service with the socio-economic status of the men later in __15life__. Those who were fit at 18 were more likely to go into higher。

第5部分：补全短文(第46-50题，每题2分，共10分)下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。

The Tough Grass that Sweetens Our LivesSugar cane was once a wild grass that grew in New Guinea and was used by local people for roofing their houses and fencing their gardens. Gradually a different variety evolved which contained sucrose (蔗糖)and was chewed on for its sweet taste. Over time, sugar cane became a highly valuable commercial plant, grown throughout the world. ______ (46)Sugar became a vital ingredient in all kinds of things, from confectionery (糖果点心)to medicine, and, as the demand for sugar grew, the industry became larger and more profitable.___________(47) Many crops withered (枯萎)and died，despite growers，attempts to save them, and there were fears that the health of the plant would continue to deteriorate.In the 1960s，scientists working in Barbados looked for ways to make the commercial species stronger and more able to resist disease. They experimented with breeding programmes，mixing genes from the wild species of sugar cane, which tends to be tougher, with genes from the more delicate, commercial type. ___________(48) This sugar cane is not yet ready to be sold commercially, but when this happens, it is expected to be incredibly profitable for the industry.___________(49) Brazil, which produces one quarter of the world’s sugar, has coordinated an international project under Professor Paulo Arrudo of the Universidade Estaudual de Campinas in Sao Paulo. Teams of experts have worked with him to discover more about which parts of the genetic structure of the plant are important for the production of sugar and its overall health.Despite all the research, however, we still do not fully understand how the genes function In sugar cane. _______ (50) This gene is particularly exciting because it makes the plant resistant to rust, a disease which probably originated in India, but is now capable of infecting sugar cane across the world. Scientists believe they will eventually be able to grow a plant which cannot be destroyed by rust.A Eventually, a commercial plant was developed which was 5 percent sweeter than before, but also much stronger and less likely to die from disease.B Since the 1960s, scientists have been analysing the mysteries of the sugar cane’s geneti c code.C One major gene has been identified by Dr. Angelique D'Hont and her team in Montpelier, France.D The majority of the world’s sugar now comes from this particular commercial species.E Sugar cane is now much more vigorous and the supply of sugar is therefore more guaranteed.F Unfortunately, however, the plant started to become weaker and more prone to disease.第6部分：完形填空（第51-65题，每题1分，共15分）下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空自确定1个最佳选项。

2013年职称英语（卫生类）A级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 词汇选项 2. 阅读判断 3. 概括大意与完成句子 4. 阅读理解 5. 补全短文6. 完形填空词汇选项(第1-15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。

1．The drinking water has became contaminated with lead.A．treatedB．testedC．corruptedD．polluted正确答案：D解析：题意：饮用水已经被铅污染了。

划线词的原型为动词，意为“污染”。

A项意为“对待，治疗”，例：The nurse always treated the sick and wounded with kindness．这位护士总是以蔼然可亲的态度对待伤病员。

B项意为“测试，测验”，例：The manufacturers warrant that all the machines they supplied arestrictly tested．生产厂家保证他们生产的所有机器都经过严格检验。

C项意为“腐败，堕落”，例：It is my duty to pronounce judgment against that corrupted leader．提出反对那个腐败领导人的意见是我的责任。

D项意为“污染”，如：We love the sea，yet we pollute it．我们热爱大海，然而我们却污染了它。

故选D。

2．Respect for life is a cardinal principle of the law.A．moralB．regularC．fundamentalD．hard正确答案：C解析：题意：尊重生命是法律的基本原则。

划线词是形容词，意为“主要的，基本的”。

A项意为“道德的”，例：He lives by a strict moral code．他按照严格的道德准则生活。

第5部分：补全短文(第46-50题，每题2分，共10分)下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。

Toads are Arthritic and in PainArthritis (关节炎)is an illness that can cause pain and swelling in your bones. Toads (蟾蜍),a big problem in the north of Australia, are suffering from painful arthritis in their legs and backbone, a new study has shown. The toads that jump the fastest are more likely to be larger and to have longer legs. _____________ (46)The large yellow toads, native to South and Central America, were introduced into thenorth-eastern Australian state of Queensland in 1935 in an attempt to stop beetles and other insects from destroying sugarcane crops. Now up to 200 million of the poisonous toads exist in the country, and they are rapidly spreading through the state of Northern Territory at a rate of up to 60 km a year. The toads can now be found across more than one million square kilometres.________(47) A Venezuelan poison virus was tried in the 1990s but had to be abandoned after it was found to also kill native frog species.The toads have severely affected ecosystems in Australia. Animals, and sometimes pets, that eat the toads die immediately from their poison, and the toads themselves eat anything they can fit inside their mouth. ______________(48)A co-author of the new study, Rick Shine, a professor at the University of Sydney, says that little attention has been given to the problems that toads face. Rick and his colleagues studied nearly 500 toads from Queensland and the Northern Territory and found that those in the latter state were very different. They were active, sprinting down roads and breeding quickly.According to the results of the study, the fastest toads travel nearly one kilometre a night_____________ (49) But speed and strength come at a price-arthritis of the legs and backbone due to constant pressure placed on them.In laboratory tests, the researchers found that after about 15 minutes of hopping, arthritic toads would travel less distance with each hop (跳跃)._____________ (50) These toads are so programmed to move, apparently, that even when in pain the toads travelled as fast and as far as the healthy ones, continuing their constant march across the landscape.A. Furthermore, they soon take over the natural habitats of Australia's native species.B. Toads are not built to be road runners — they are built to sit around ponds and wet areas.C. But this advantage also has a big drawback — up to 10% of the biggest toads suffer fromarthritis.D. But arthriti s didn’t slow down toads outside the laboratory, the researchers found.E. The task now facing the country is how to remove the toads.F. Toads with longer legs move faster and travel longer distances，while the others are being left behind.第6部分：完形填空（第51-65题，每题1分，共15分）下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空自确定1个最佳选项。

2013年职称英语（卫生A 类）阅读理解中英文背诵模板 第三十四篇 （新增）Who Wants to Live Forever文章名称 问题 答案Who Wants to Live Forever? 37. Who Wants to Live Forever? （卫A ） 1) Which of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the things that living longer might enable an individual to do? 2) Which of the following is implied in the sixth paragraph? 3) All of the following are possible effects living longer might have on working life EXCEPT 4) An important feature of a society in which people live a long life is that 5) Which of the following best describes Callahan's attitude to anti-ageing technology?37. Who Wants to Live Forever? （卫A ） 1) Having more education. 2) Marriages in the US today are quite unstable. 3) More money would be used by employees in payment of their employees. 4) it lacks the curiosity to experiment what is new 5) Reserved. 谁想永生 37. 谁想永生（卫A ） ①人活的长可以单独去做的事情，下面没提及的是_____。

2013年全国职称英语等级考试卫生类（C级）试题题解答案：12345678910 C B A D B C A D C B 11121314151617181920 D C A B C B A B C B 21222324252627282830 A A D B A E B E C A 31323334353637383940 C C A D A C D B D B 41424344454647484950 C B A C A C D A B E 51525354555657585960 C B A D C B A D A C 6162636465B A D B D第1部分：词汇选项1C detach意为“使分离，使分开”，故用separate替换。

又如：Detach the white part of the application form and.keep it．把申请表的白色部分撕下存底。

题干句子的意思是：我试图将自己与这些糟糕事件的现实分离开来。

2B odd意思是“奇怪的，古怪的”，与strange“奇怪的”同义。

又如：Her father was an odd man.她父亲是个古怪的人。

real“真正的”，whole“完整的”，same“同样的”。

3A pretty做形容词，意为“漂亮的”，此处做副词用，表示“非常”，可用very代替。

completely“完全地”，beautifully“漂亮地”，equally“同等地”。

4D grab意为“抓住”，四个选项中只有seize具有这个意思。

stretch意为“伸展”。

5B frame常见意思是“框，框架”，此处意为“构架，骨架”，与structure同义。

bottom是“底部”surface是“表面”top是“顶部”，均不符合。

6C sh elt er的意思是“遮蔽”，在这里可以用pro tection“保护”替换。

又如：They opened a shelter to provide temporary housing for the city's homeless.他们开设了一个收容所，为该市无家可归者提供临时的住宿。

Bringing nanotechnology to health care for the poor （卫C ） 1) Which of the following uses of nanotechnology is NOT mentioned in the passage? 2) How can quantum dots be used to confirm diseases? 3) How can nanotechnology be used to make a drug more effective? 4) The following developing countries are doing very well scientific research on nanotechnology EXCEPT 5) Which of the following is the possible risk in using nano materials mentioned in the passage?Bringing nanotechnology to health care for the poor （卫C ） 1) To produce better and lighterbuilding materials. 2) By lighting up in the presence of a targetedmolecule. 3) By making a drug target thefocus of a disease. 4) Iran5) D They may behave differently in the body and the environment.2. Medical Journals （卫C ） 1) The main readers of medical journals are 2) Which of the following statements is NOT true? 3) How many major types of articles are mentioned in the passage? 4) An article dealing with results from different studies on the same topic is called 5) Letters to the editor enable readers of a medical journal to express comments on 2. Medical Journals （卫C ） 1) health professionals. 2) Most medical journalspublish only online. 3) Five.4) a review article.5) articles published in thatjournal.3．Cooking Oil Fumes Cause Tumor （卫C ） 1） What a new tendency in lung cancer is concluded by the researchers? 2） Which of the following diseases is the most common among the local residents in Shanghai'? 3） What symptoms may be complained of by mostwomen with lung cancer after long term ， closecontact with cooking oil fumes'?4）What was the local women's reaction when they learned that cooking oil fumes could lead tocancer?厨房油烟可治癌5）Which of the following atively little connection with women's lung ancer?3．Cooking Oil Fumes Cause Tumor （卫C ） 1）Patients with lung cancer become younger, especially females. 2）Breast cancer. 3）Irritated eyes and throat.4）Surprised5）Personal health and physicalcondition.4. Multivitamins Urged for All Pregnant Women（卫C）1)How many babies are born with low birthweight in the developed countries every yearaccording to WHO?2) A pill of multivitamins may contain all ofthe following substances EXCEPT3)Which of the following is NOT one of theeffects of multivitamins mentioned in thepassage.94)What a role do lymphocytes play in thehuman body?5)How many percent of babies were born withlow birth weight to women who were notinfected with the AIDS virus and took themultivitamins according to a new study? 4.Multivitamins Urged for All Pregnant Women（卫C）1)2,000,000.2)antiviral substances.3)To reduce the rate of babiesborn too early.4)To raise the body's immunityagainst infection.5)Less than 8%.U.S. Eats Too Much Salt（卫C）1)Too much salt raises one' s risk for2)How much salt do most American adultseat per day?3)To improve their blood pressure, peopleshould have a diet4)The high-risk groups include those5)Packaged, processed and restaurant foodsare known to be U.S. Eats Too Much Salt（卫C）1)all of the above.2)Closer to 3,500 mg.3)rich in potassium andcalcium.4)both A and B.5)rich in salt6.Pushbike Peril（卫C）1). According to the passage, some engineers are trying to improve the handlebars because2.) In paragraph 2, the author mentions a study of serious abdominal injuries3.) Paragraph 3 mainly discusses4.) The passage implies that5.) In which of the following ways the handgrip work?6.Pushbike Peril（卫C）1) they may kill children.2)to tell us why Kristy Arbogast began the project.3)how serious injuries occur.4) it is not easy to persuade manufacturers to adopt the new design.5) It reduces the dangerous forces in bicycle accidents.7. Late-night Drinking（卫C）1)The author mentions “pick-me-up” toindicate that2)Which of the following tells us howcaffeine affects sleep?3)What does paragraph 3 mainly discuss?4)What does the experiment mentioned inparagraph 4 prove?5)The author of this passage probablyagrees that. 7. Late-night Drinking（卫C）1)Coffee is a stimulant.2)Caffeine halves thebody’s levels of sleephormone.3)Different effects ofcaffeinated coffee and decafon sleep.4)Caffeine drinkersproduce less sleep hormone.5)We should not drinkcoffee after supper.8.第八篇健康饮食Eat Healthy（卫C）1) Parents in the United States tend to ask their children2) Why do American restaurants serve large portions?3) What happened in the 1970s?4) What does the survey indicate?5) Which of the following is Not true of working class Americans? 8.Eat Healthy（卫C）1) Not to waste food.2) Because Americans associate quantity with value.3) The American waistline started to expand.4) Many poor Americans want large portions.5) They don't want to be healthy eaters.8.Attitudes to AIDS Now（卫C）1)What do activists worry about?2)According to the passage, people's attitudetoward the cure of AIDS is3)The Gallup Poll shows that the number ofpeople4)According to the Kaiser Poll, which of thefollowing is NOT correct?5)The word “message” in the last paragraphmeans 8.Attitudes to AIDS Now（卫C）1)People may stop worryingabout AIDS.2)realistic.3)who think AIDS is thecountry's top health killerhas fallen.4)More and more people dieof AIDS now.5)central idea.U.S. to Start $3.2 Billion Child Health Study in January1)The aim of the study is to find new ways to2)Researchers will collect all the following EXCEPT3)It is expected that through the study the nation's health care costs4)The babies of the participants will be followed5)Which is NOT true of the people in the study? U.S. to Start $3.2 Billion Child Health Study in January1)prevent or treat illness.2)samples of air and water from hospitals.3)Will be lowered in the long run.4)for more than two decades.5)They’ll be from all age groups.10. Cigars Instead? （卫C）1)According to the report, smoking three orfour cigars a day2)In the passage how many cancers arementioned in relation to smoking cigarsdaily?3)What is the main idea of the article“Cigars: Health Effects and Trends” ? 4)What is the doctors’ advice to thosecigar-smokers?5)In the context of this passage,“secondhand smoke” may mean 10. Cigars Instead? （卫C）1)greatly increases the riskof more than one cancerfor smokers.2)Seven.3)When it comes to cancer,cigars are not any saferthan cigarettes.4)To give it up completely5)being near cigar smokerswhen they are smoking.11. Sleeplessness（卫C）1)The word “insomnia” means in the firstparagraph means2)How many possible causes ofsleeplessness are mentioned in the secondparagraph?3)The expression “Second on the list” in thesecond paragraph means4)Concerning the use of sleeping pills,which of the following statements is true?5)Which of the following does not fit withsleep hygiene? 11. Sleeplessness（卫C）1)having trouble fallingasleep or staying asleep.2)Six.3)the second most importantcause of sleeplessness. 4)Sleeping pills should beused in a very smallamount.5)Make a rule to go to bed ata specific time every day.mon-cold Sense（卫C）1)According to the essay, you may have acold because2)The best way to keep yourself fromgetting colds is3)Children have more colds because4)When you are having a cold,5)When one is having a cold, he often hassome symptoms EXCEPT mon-cold Sense（卫C）1)the spread of rhinovirusesgets people infected.2)to keep yourself clean.3)they are not immune tomany cold viruses.4)it is certainly not the samekind of cold that you hadlast time.5)having a stomachache.13.Drug Reactions--a Major Cause of Death （卫C）1)Researchers at the University of Torontobelieve that2)The investigators say that3)An American research estimates that thetotal sum of money spent in treatingADRs each year is as much as4)The Canadian investigators think that theADR incidence figures from their research 5)According to Dr. David Bates, hospitals inAmerica 13.Drug Reactions--a Major Cause of Death（卫C）1)ADRs have caused manydeaths in America over thepast 30 years.2) 6. 7% of all hospitalizedpatients in Americanexperience ADRs eachyear on average.3)$ 4, 000, 000, 000.4)Are perhaps less than thereal amount5)are not paying enoughattention to possibilities ofADR happenings.14.Dreams（卫C）1)There are in general two opinions aboutwhat we experience in a dream:2)According to this article, we3)In your dreams, you4)This essay tells us that5)Based on what is discussed in this writing,an adult may have at most about _______of the time of his or her sleep dreaming. 14.Dreams（卫C）1)one, dreams put newinformation into ourmemories, almost alwayssee different “pictures”when we are dreaming. 2)seldom feel fear now andjoy later.3)people usually dream in anREM sleep.4)25%15. Warm People Likely to Keep Cold at Bay （卫C）1)According to a study author, when peoplewith a positive emotional style do get acold, they may think2)People with a positive emotional stylemay have all of the followingcharacteristics EXCEPT3)Which of the following is NOT one of thecharacteristics that people with a negativeemotional style may have?4)How did the researchers test theirvolunteers?5)Which of the following items is NOTincluded in the data that the researcherscollected? 15. Warm People Likely to Keep Cold at Bay1（卫C）1)that their illness is not soserious2)selfish3)Warm-blooded.4)By giving everyone nasaldrops containing either acold virus or a particularflu virus.5)Blood test.16.Eat to Live（卫C）1. According to the passage, which of thefollowing is NOT true?2. Why does the author mention an elderlymouse in paragraph 2?3. What can be inferred about completelynormally fed mice mentioned in the passage?4. According to the author, which of thefollowing most interested the researchers?5. According to the last two paragraphs,Spindler believes that 16. Eat to Live（卫C）1、D We have to begin dieting since childhood.2、B To illustrate the effect of meager food on mice.3、D They are more likely to suffer from inflammation.4、A The mice that started dieting in old age.5、C dieting is not a good method to give us health and long life.16. Sleep（卫C）1)The question raised in Paragraph 2 is“no mere academic one” .2)According to the passage, the mainproblem about night work is that3)According to the passage, the bestsolution to the problem seems to be4)In the second paragraph, “the third”means5)In the last sentence of the second 16. Sleep（卫C）1)because shift work inindustry requires people tochange their sleeping habits.2)your life is disturbed bychanging from day to nightroutines and back.3)to employ people who willalways work at night.4)the third week.paragraph, “another” means5) another routine.17. Eating Potatoes Gives Your Immune System a Boost （卫B ）1) What form of potato is the most nutrientto the human body? 2) What does the reduction in leucocyte levels in the body mean?3) For what a purpose did the researchers use raw potato starch in their experiment? 4) All of the following foods are rich in resistant starch EXCEPT5)What a kind of starch is resistant starch after all?17. Eating Potatoes Gives Your Immune System a Boost （卫B ） 1) Potato salad. 2) It may mean the reduced levels of inflammation. 3)They wanted to simulate the effects of a diet high in resistant starch. 4) vegetables5)It cannot be digested in the small intestine and ferments in the large intestine.Exercise Can Replace Insulin for ElderlyDiabetics 1） How could most elderly type II diabetics stop taking insulin? 2） Physical exercise may increase the body ability to utilise insulin by3） The subjects of the research tests conducted at the Copenhagen Central Hospital included4）To what a degree have diebetics to exercise inorder to achieve the desired effect'? 5）.According to Deta, among most diabetics theimportance of exercise is the importanceExercise Can Replace Insulin forElderly Diabetics1）By doing brisk exercise for half an hour at least three times a week.2）30 per cent. 3）both A and B. 4）To the degree where they begin to sweat 5）less understood than of watching their diet..19. Prolonging Human Life （卫B ）1. The writer believes that the population explosion results from2. It can be inferred from the passage that in hunting and gathering cultures3. According to the passage, which of the19. Prolonging Human Life （卫B ） 1、C a decrease in death rates. 2、B infants could be left dead in times of starvation.3、A Many of them have a very hard life.following statements about retired people in the United States is true?4. In Paragraph 3, the phrase "this need" refers to5. Which of the following best describes the writer's attitude toward most of the nursing homes, and convalescent hospitals? 4、D the need to take care of a sick and weak person.5、D Critical.20.FDA: Human, Animal Waste Threatens Produce（卫B）1)“Fo od-borne diseases” in this essay meansthose diseases2)Some fruit grower groups believe thatmost food-borne diseases are caused by 3)An FDA official said that putting theguidelines into practice4)Consumer groups criticized the FDAguidelines because they did n’t think thatthese guidelines5)The last paragraph suggests that 20.FDA: Human, Animal Waste Threatens Produce（卫B）1)which people get by eatingfruits which have beenpolluted2)people involved indistributing fresh produce.3)would not be veryexpensive.4)would surely be carriedout.5) a good way should befound to encourageforeign growers to followthe FDA guidelines.21.Early or Later Day Car（卫B）1)Which of the following statements wouldBowlby support?2)Which of the following is derivable fromBowlby’s work?3)It is suggested that modern societies differfrom traditional societies in that4)Which of the following statements is NOTan argument against Bowlby’s theory? 5)Which of the following best expresses thewriter’s attitude towards early day care? 21.Early or Later Day Car（卫B）1)The first three years ofone's life is extremelyimportant to the laterdevelopment ofpersonality.2)Mothers should not sendtheir children to day carecenters until they are threeyears of older.3)the parents-childrelationship is moreexclusive in modernsocieties.4)Parents find the immediateeffects of early day caredifficult to deal with.5)The issue is controversialand its settlement calls forthe use of statistics.22.Egypt Felled by Famine（卫B）1)Why does the author mention “pyramid builders”?2)Which of the following factors was ultimately responsible for the fall of the civilization of ancient Egypt?3)Which of the following statements is true?4)According to Krom, Egypt’s Old Kingdom fell5) 5.th e word “devastating” in the last paragraph could be best replaced by 22.Egypt Felled by Famine（卫B）1)Because even they were unable to rescue their civilization.2)Change of climate.3)The White Nile and the Blue Nile are branches of the River Nile.4)immediately after a period of drought.5)“damaging”.23.After-birth Depression Blamed forWoman's Suicide（卫B）1)Which of the following is NOT asymptom of postpartum psychosis?2)It was considered fortunate by Stokes’mother in the miserable event3) A patient suffering from “baby blues” maypresent briefly one or more of thefollowing symptoms EXCEPT4)How many bearing women haveexperiences of after-birth depression?5)Who induced the most seriousconsequence among the postpartumdepression patients mentioned in thepassage? 23.After-birth Depression Blamed for Woman's Suicide（卫B）1)Inflamed breast.2)that Stokes had not takenher daughter with her.3)having an intention ofsuicide.4)About one fifth of them.5)Judy Kirby ofIndianapolis.20. Sleep Lets Brain File Memories（卫B）1) Which of the following statements is nearest in m eaning to the sentence “To sleep. Perchance to file?”?2) What is the result of the experiment with rats and mice carried out at Rutgers University?3) What is the relation of memory to glucose tolerance, as is indicated by a research mentioned 20. Sleep Lets Brain File Memories（卫B）1) Does brain arrange memories in useful order during sleep?2) Somatosensory neocortex and hippocampus work together tin memory consolidation.3) The poorer the memory, thein paragraph 4?4) In what way is memory related to hippocampus shrinkage?5) According to the last paragraph, what is the ultimate reason for going to the gym? poorer glucose tolerance.4) The more hippocampus shrinks, the poorer one’s memory.5) To control glucose levels.5）To control glucose levels25．When fear takes control of1 the mind（卫B）1)Who is NOT a likely candidate for this year's Nobel Prize in medicine?2)Which is NOT true of Alfred Nobel?3)Which was NOT originally one of the Nobel Prizes?4)The word "kicks" in line 6 from the bottom probably means5)The research by Blackburn and Greider helps suggest the role of 25．When fear takes control of1 the mind（卫B）1)Linda Buck.2)He gave clear instructions on how to select winners.3)The economics prize.4)excitement.5)telomerase in the growth of cancer cells.26. Obesity: the Scourge of the Western World（卫B）1)It is estimated that there are _____ peoplesuffering from obesity in the world.2)It seems that the _____ people are leastaffected by obesity among the developedcountries and areas mentioned in the passage.3)Which of the following is most oftenaccompanied by obesity?4)What is the correlation between body weightand heart disease and blood pressure?5)From the last paragraph we may infer that oneof the effective measures suggested by Ludnik to prevent children from being obese would be 26.Obesity: the Scourge of the Western World（卫B）1)250,000,0002)Japanese3)Diabetes.4)The more body weight onegains, the more risk of heartdisease and high bloodpressure he has.5)to tell them to spend less timewatching TV.27. New Attempts to Eradicate AIDS Virus （卫B）1)According to the passage, the attempt to eradicate the AIDS virus2)Which is NOT true about the study?3)What do He’s words “Bear in mind undetectable does not equal absent “mean?4)How do we prove that the drugs have wiped out the remaining viruses?5)Other scientists are looking at experiments that are similar in that they are 27. New Attempts to Eradicate AIDS Virus（卫B）1)continues to be hopeful.2)16 patients did not gothrough the whole study. 3)AIDS virus can exist in theblood without beingdetected.4)To stop the drugs to see ifthe virus comes back.5)bold.28.Diseases of Agricultural Plants（卫B）1、How many diseases are known to attack wheat?2、According to this passage, which of the following would a plant disease result in if left unchecked?3、What is the main idea of the second paragraph?4、According to the passage, some plant diseases can be prevented by5、Which of the following statements is not true? 28.Diseases of Agricultural Plants（卫B）1)Around 40.2)Social upheavals.3)Some plants have relativeimmunity to a great manydiseases, while others havea susceptibility to them.4)Inoculation.5)Symptoms are alwayshelpful in identifyingdiseases.29.“Don’t Drink Alone”Gets New Meaning （卫B）1. Researchers have found that the risk of cancer in the mouth and neck is higher with people2.Which of the following is NOT the conclusion made by the researchers about “drinking with meals”?3. Approximately how many drinks do the lowest-intake group average per day?4. Which cancer risk is the lowest among all the four kinds of cancer mentioned in the passage? 29、“Don’t Drink Alone”Gets New Meaning（卫B）1、A who drink alcohol outside of meals2、C It increases by 20 percent the possibility of cancer in all sites.3、A 3 drinks.4、B Laryngeal cancer.5、D reduces the risk of laryngeal cancer.5. According to the last paragraph, tissue’s lower exposure to alcohol30.Silent and Deadly（卫B）1)Which of the following is NOT true ofministrokes?2)To prevent ministrokes from turning intomajor strokes, it is important to3)The passage indicates that the symptomsof ministrokes4)All of the following may be signs ofministrokes EXCEPT for5)It can be inferred from the passage thatministrokes are 30.Silent and Deadly（卫B）1)The cause of them remainsunidentified.2)seek prompt medicaltreatment.3)are frequently hard torecognize.4)severe headache caused byexternal injury.5)silent and deadly.31. Spacing in Animals（卫B）1)Which of the following is the most appropriatedefinition of Flight Distance?2)If an animal’s critical distance is penetrated, itwill3)According to the passage, social distancerefers to4)Which of the following could best replace theword “band” in “We can think of it as a hidden band that contains the group”(in Paragraph3)?5)The example of the children holding handswhen crossing the street in the last paragraph shows that 31. Spacing in Animals（卫B）1)Distance between an animaland its enemy before fleeing.2)begin to attack.3)psychological distance.4)Strip of land5)social distance is sometimesdetermined by outside factors.32．Fruit and Vegetables Juices As Beneficial to Health as Fruits and Veggies1（卫B）1）What on earth in both fruits and vegetables andtheir juices plays the most important role in reducing risk for diseases?2）The judgment that fruit and vegetable juices are less beneficial to reducing chronic disease development is3）The review of the literature has documented the important role of fruit and vegetable juices in reducing the risk of various disease, _________ in particular.4）A large epidemiological study also found that using various 100% fruit and vegetable juices contributed to a reduced risk for_________.5）People who drink 3--4 servings of fruit and vegetable juices weekly may __________ risk of developing Alzheimer's disease ________ those who drink only once a week. 32．Fruit and Vegetables Juices As Beneficial to Health as Fruits and Veggies1（卫B）1)Fiber and antioxidant.2)incorrect3)cancer and cardiovascular disease4)Alzheimer's disease5)have three quarters lower, than33.In-line Skating and Injuries（卫B）1）How many people took part in in-line skating in the US in 1995?2）Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the most common reason for injuries?3）What are the things experts might NOT advise youngsters to wear?4）“Truck-surfing” means5）According to the last paragraph, bumping with a motor vehicle took up of the deathsreported since 1992. 33.In-line Skating and Injuries（卫B）1)Fewer than 17. 7 million.2)Skating with wrist andelbow wounds.3)Boots and thick clothes.4)skating while holding ontoa moving truck.5)over 80%37. Who W ants to Live Forever? （卫A）1) Which of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the things that living longer might enable an individual to do?2) Which of the following is implied in the sixth paragraph?3) All of the following are possible effects living longer might have on working life EXCEPT4) An important feature of a society in which people live a long life is that5) Which of the following best describes Callahan's attitude to anti-ageing technology? 37. Who W ants to Live Forever? （卫A）1) Having more education.2) Marriages in the US today are quite unstable.3) More money would be used by employees in payment of their employees.4) it lacks the curiosity to experiment what is new5) Reserved.35. Single-parent Kids Do Best（卫A）1) With which of the following statements would the author probably agree?2) According to the passage, in what way does family conflict affect the quality of the offspring?3) What is the relationship between paragraph 4 and paragraph 5?4) According to Hartley, which of the following is NOT influenced by sexual conflict?5) According to the passage, people believe that a female’s reproductive strategy is influenced by 35 Single-parent Kids Do Best （卫A）1)Two-parent families produce less attractive children.2)The young males get less care.3)Experiment and result.4)The off spring’s body size.5)Ecological factors.36. Dangerous Sunshine to Children（卫A）1）Why does the risk of developing skin cancers in children become greater and greater?2）How many people die from skin cancers including melanoma all over the world every year? 3）What people are more likely to develop eye cataracts? 36. Dangerous Sunshine to Children（卫A）1) Because the earth's protective ozone layer declines year after year.2) An average of 66,000,4）All of the following articles may use some chemicals unfavorable for the preservation of the ozone layer EXCEPT5）The phrase "for good" in the last paragraph can be best replaced by 3) People living near the equator.4) medicines5) permanently37.Hypertension Drugs Found to Cut Risk of Stroke（卫A）1) How many people surviving the first stroke may suffer another attack during the followingfive years?2) Taking two blood pressure-lowering drugs may produce _____less risk of secondary strokes than taking only one such drug.3) Which of the following is NOT a symptom left by strokes?4) How many strokes may be reduced in a year if most of stroke patients can be treated in the way as the article recommends?5) What patients among those who have had a stroke will benefit greatly from taking blood pressure-lowering drugs? 37.Hypertension Drugs Found to Cut Risk of Stroke（卫A）1）20% of them.2）about one fourteenth3）Habitual sleeplessness.4）500,0005）All of the above.38.Pregnancy Anomalies May Lower Breast Cancer Risk(卫A)1）Which of the following may have NOTHING to do with a decline in breast cancer incidence?2）According to the study, what on earth may play an important role in lowering breast cancer risk? 3）From the fifth paragraph we may infer that pregnant women whose blood pressure _____ may have the least risk of breast cancer.4）Which of the following is NOT a function of the 38.Pregnancy Anomalies May Lower Breast Cancer Risk(卫A) 1）Experiencing serious morning sickness during the early period of pregnancy.2）The changes in the levels of hormones and other substances in the mother’s body.3）increases the most4）Protecting the mother againstplacenta?5）It seems that Cohn is _____ of finding out the exact mechanisms at work. breast cancer. 5）confident39. Sauna（卫A）1. Ceremonial bathing _________.2. What is understood by some people to be the true sauna experience?3. According to the third paragraph, saunas can do all of the following EXCEPT_________ .4. According to the fourth paragraph, sauna gives the skin a healthy glow because_________.5. Who are advised not to take a sauna? 39. Sauna（卫A）1) has various forms2) Saunas with smoke.3) curing asthma4) pores are cleaned by sweat5) All of the above.40. Some People Do Not Taste Salt Like Others （卫A）1）In paragraph 2, John Hayes points out that 2）The fourth paragraph describes briefly3）The article argues that supertasters4）Which of the following applies to supertasters in terms of bitter taste?5）What message do the last two paragraphs carry'? 45. Some People Do Not Taste Salt Like Others（卫A）1）many people accept low-salt tasteless food reluctantly2）how to select subjects and what to do in the research.3）like snack foods as saltiness is their primary flavor.4）They prefer high-salt cheese, which tastes less bitter..5）Taste acuity is genetically determined.41．Kidney Disease and Heart Disease Spur Each Other（卫A）1)How can one learn earlier whether he or she suffer simmering kidney disease?2)How many Americans suffer chronic kidney disease according to an estimation? 41．Kidney Disease and Heart Disease Spur Each Other（卫A）1) By urine and blood tests.2) 19,000,000.3) 100,000.4) To start rigorously checking out。