新闻英语的语法特点
初读英语新闻的时候，我们会对新闻英语中的一些语法现象和习惯用法不理解或不习惯。了解和熟悉这些语法现象和习惯用法有助于我们更好地阅读英语新闻，也有助于对新闻内容的理解。
一、句子松散，口语化较强
英语新闻中的句子一般较长，通常一段就是一句话。这是因为记者在报道新闻时总是用尽量短的篇幅来提供尽量多的信息。另外，新闻报道有截稿时间的限制，记者在想到新的情况和背景材料时来不及对原稿进行改动就随即增添或补插。因此，英语新闻中的句子较长，结构较为松散，插入成分较多。我们用下面这则新闻来分析新闻英语的这一特点：
Microsoft Offers ＄1B to Schools
By ALLISONLINN
……
The funding，to be disbursed over five years, would pay for teacher training，technicalsupport，refurbished computers and copies of Microsoft's Windows and Office，to about 14 spokesman Matt Pilla said．……
—Associated Press Nov．21, 2001
这段新闻只有一句话：微软公司决定向美国14％的学校提供资助。句中“to be disbursed over five years”是动词不定式作定语修饰前面的“funding”：“such as Windows and Office”也是插入语，修饰前面的“popular software”，这都给新闻提供了背景材料。同时作者将said 引导的宾语从句放在句首，来强调重要的信息。整个句子结构松散，明显是口语化的句子，读起来短促有力。
英语新闻中，记者经常利用状语、定语、同位语、介词短语、名词短语等为新闻提供背景材料或对新闻的内容做进一步的说明，这就是新闻英语的句子结构显得松散和插入成分较多的原因。
二、宾语从句中引导词的省略
新闻常常都要说明消息来源，也就是要说明信息或消息的出处。从语法上讲，在新闻英语中，主句常常是信息或消息的来源或出处，而它后面的宾语从句则是信息或消息的内容。比如：China Daily said that．．．《中国日报》报道，……；Officials said that…官方人士称，……等等。但是，在英语新闻的报道中，引导宾语从句的that常常省略，这是一个常见的情况。请看下面这段新闻：
Microsoft Offers ＄1B to Schools
By ALLISONLINN
……
Furniss said the proposed deal does not provide enough money to sustain the school programs and therefore would have no real long-term benefits．He also said it provides no real punishment for Microsoft，which has cash reserves of some ＄32billion．
……
—Associated Press Nov．212001
在上面的这段新闻中，两处的“said”之后都省略了“that”。有时引导宾语从句的that也不省略，引导词是否省略与新闻媒体各自不同的风格有关。
三、直接引语标点符号的运用
在新闻英语中，直接引语用引号标明并在适当的地方加上消息来源“某某人、机构、书报说”。“某某说”放在直接引语之前、之后、或者放在引语中间。“某某说”之前或之后可用冒号，逗号和句号。请看下面的例子：
1．冒号之后接直接引语：
Cromer resigns as Seattle Weekly publisher
……
Schneiderman said：“It really wasn't strategic；it was really style of leadership．We worked on it，we tried，but we just couldn't see eye to eye on what to do about it．”
……
—Associated Press Dec．7，2001
在某某人说之后用冒号，后面的直接引语可能是一句话，也可能是几句话，但必须是完整的句子。引号内的引语第一个字母大写，句子结尾用句号。实际上，直接引语放在said之后，这种情况在消息报道中用得并不多。
2．直接引语放在said之前：
3 Americans Die in Afghanistan
By ROBERT BURNS
AP Military Writer
……
“This is one of the potentially most hazardous type of mis sions that we use as a military tactic，”said Rear Adm．John Stufflebeem，deputy director of operations for the Joint Chiefs of Staff．
……
—Associated Press Dec．05，2001
直接引语放在前面，提供消息内容的消息来源放在后面，这是新闻英语的一个习惯表达方式。在新闻英语中，这种安排是很常见的，也表现出了新闻的特点，就是让读者最早读到最重要的新闻内容。在上面的两段中，引号内的原话虽然是一个完整的句子，但是，按照英语的习惯，在没有交代清楚是谁说的之前，它的句子仍不算完整。所以，引语的末尾仍然用逗号，消息来源某某说后面才使用句号。
3．直接引语中间插入said：
New Law Lets U．S．Nab Foreign H ackers
By D．IAN HOPPER
……
“We haven't done that yet，because it's an affront to the way the Internet works，”Rasch said．“But now we're criminalizing anything that happens over the Internet because traffic passes through the United States．”
……
—Associated Press Nov．22，2001
我们从上面的例子看到，“他说”插入在两个完整的句子之间。第一个句子结尾用的是逗号，在“他说”之后用句号；这种情况与上面第二部分“直接引语放在said之前”的情况相同。“他说”后面接着的But now we're crim- inalizing anything…是另一个完整的句子，所以用大写字母开头。但是，必须注意这个句子仍然是前面“他”所说的内容。
四、根据内容灵活运用时态
新闻报道的绝大多数是刚刚发生或正在发生的事情，因此记者总是尽量使用一般现在时态和现在完成时态，以示“新”和“快”；为了把消息绘声绘色地传达给听众，进行时态使用的也比较普遍；当然，过去时态也常使用。
一般来说，新闻报道基本遵循时态和时态呼应的语法规则，但又不拘泥于这一原则，往往根据实际，灵活运用时态。例如：NOVEMBER 21，18：55EST
Microsoft's Top Lawyer To Retire
William H．Neukom，executive vice presi- dent of law and corporate affairs，announced Wednesday that he will leave Microsoft to concentrate on philanthropy and to spend more time with his grown children．．．．
Neukom said he will continue living in Seattle，where he is chairman of the Greater Seattle Chamber of Commerce and active in other community organizations．．．．
在上面的这段新闻中，动词announced和said后面的宾语从句中没有用过去将来时，而是用现在将来时“will leave Microsoft”，“will continue living in Seattle”，因为消息发出时，从句中所说的事情还没有发生。
词类转换多: 在翻译时将英文的某种词类翻译成汉语的另一词类 The operation of a machine needs some knowledge of its performance. 操作机器需要懂得机器的一些性能。 被动语态 1. Mathematics is used in many different fields. 2. People use mathematics in many different fields. 后置定语多 In additional aliphatic compounds, there are a number of hydrocarbons derived from benzene and seemed to have distinctively different chemical properties. 复杂长句多 科技文章要求叙述准确，推理严谨。为了表达请楚，科技英语句子往往较长，需认真分析方能明确句子中各成分之间的关系。译成汉语时，必须按照汉语习惯翻译成若干简句，才能条理清楚，避免欧化句。 科技英语翻译标准
所谓构词法即词的构成方法．即词在结构上规律． 科技英语构词特点 1）外来语多（很多来自希腊语和拉丁语）； 2）构词方法多． 除了非科技英语中常用的三种构词法—转化、派生及合成法外，还普遍采用压缩法、混成法．符号法和宇母象形法． 3）有大量半科技英语词汇（semi-scientific words） annual output 年产量 produce…every year 2.1 转化法（conversion） 2.2 派生法（derivation）
第一章测试 1 【判断题】(1分) 冠词在翻译的时候都不用译出。 A. 对 B. 错 2 【单选题】(1分) Inthiscase,thefailurepoint（失效点）correspondstoafactorofsafetyof1. 划线部分做什么成分？ A. 定语 B. 状语 C. 谓语 D. 主语
3 【判断题】(1分) Einsteinputuptheprincipleofrelativity,validnotonlyinmechanicsbutinallphysics. 划线部分是形容词短语做后置定语 A. 错 B. 对 4 【单选题】(1分) 百万分之二十的英文表达是 A. 20partspermillions B. 20partpermillion C. 20partpermillions D. 20partspermillion
5 【单选题】(1分) 并列连接词and的用法有几种？ A. 3 B. 4 C. 1 D. 2 6 【单选题】(1分) 这台电压表/伏特计如此灵敏，可以测量出电压的微小变化。 Thisissuch____sensitivevoltmeterthatitcanmeasuretheslightestchangesinvoltage. A. / B. a
C. the D. an 7 【单选题】(1分) 读者学会这些基本概念很重要，否则后面内容的讨论理解起来会有困难。Itisimportantforthereadertolearnthebasicconceptswell,____thediscussionoflatertopicswillbediffi culttounderstand. A. but B. for C. or D. and 8
英语新闻词汇的特点及其发展规律 引言 新闻是传播及时，令人感兴趣的消息，新闻通常报道最近发生的或即将发生的重大事情(Norman B. Moyes,1980:4)。新闻报道与我们的生活息息相关，其词汇随着社会和时代的变化而变化。作为英语语言中最基本的表意单位，词汇是语言变化过程中最为活跃的一部分，利用词汇所附载的丰富的文化内涵来表达某一观点，可以使新闻报道显得更真实可信，生动形象，吸引读者。作者在查阅前人的研究成果和对西方现代新闻报纸中的英语新闻词汇进行分析的基础上，拟就对新闻英语词汇的特点及其发展规律进行分析和归纳。 1 英语新闻词汇的特点 1.1专有名词和数字数词大量涌现专有名词和数字数词（多为统计数据）属于新闻价值成分，在新闻报道中不可避免。 1.1.1专有名词处处可见新闻报道与有关的人物、事件、时间、地点等密不可分,故人名、地名、国名、组织机构名称等专有名词在新闻报道中屡见不鲜。英语新闻语篇里专有名词应用十分频繁。有些专有名词是读者所熟悉的,但相当一部分是陌生的。读者碰到的头一个问题就是如何对付如此大量而又陌生的专有名词。其实,许多专有名词在新闻语篇中是交代清楚了的,不必一见到就去查词典。当然, 对于那些非常重要且频繁出现的专有名词,如果感到陌生, 则应查资料,弄清其意义与读音。例如: KABUL,Afghanistan,Aug. 25—————Dayna Lesli Curry and Heather Mercer are the two American aid workers whom the Taliban claim to have caught “red handed,”foisting their Christian faith on Afghan Muslims in a conspiracy to entice them away from Islam.(New York Times, Aug. 26, 2001) 英语新闻记者还常常用政府所在地的地方指代政府名称。如：Washington 常用来指代美国政府，Peking (Beijing)常用来指代中国政府。此外，英语新闻记者还使用某地地名或某国国名来指代在那儿发生过的重大事件；或用某一专有名词来指代发生过的与之相关的事件。 1.1.2数字数词大量涌现新闻报道往往涉及时间、事实、数据等具体情况。为了突出新闻的客观性和可信度,记者总是运用准确的数字数词。例如在这则名为Glastonbury auction for Haiti attracts ￡80,000 of bids 的新闻中：An online auction by the Glastonbury Festival organisers and Oxfam to raise money for Haiti earthquake victims has so far attracted bids of about ￡80,000. Elton John's duck -egg blue suit has attracted over ￡1,500, and bids of ￡7,000 and ￡5,000 have been made for VIP tickets for the festival.（BBC News, 31 January 2010） 这段为数49 字的新闻摘录包含4 个数字。这些统计数据说明了实实在在的事实, 具体地反应了格拉斯顿伯里音乐节的组织者和乐施会(Oxfam)（一个具有国际影响力的发展和救援组织的联盟）两者联合，为海地地震灾区募捐的感人举动和具体金额。在一些新闻报道中,统计数据比比皆是。显然,充满统计数据的新闻语篇极具客观性和说服力,令人坚信不移。 1.2缩略词的广泛使用大量使用缩略词是英语新闻标题词汇变异的主要形式之一。新闻载体的时间和空间都是有限的,而且西方社会现代生活节奏不断加快, 特别强调经济效益, 读者总希望在极短的时间内获得较多的信息。因此,作为新闻的标题必须尽量“缩身”, 尽可能采用缩略词, 以达到简洁、精炼的效果。
科技英语的特点 一、大量使用名词化结构 《当代英语语法》(A Grammar of Contemporary)在论述科技英语时提出，大量使用名词化结构(Nominalization)是科技英语的特点之一。因为科技文体要求行文简洁、表达客观、内容确切、信息量大、强调存在的事实。而非某一行为。 Archimeds first discovered the principle of displacement of water by solid bodies. 阿基米德最先发展固体排水的原理。 句中of displacement of water by solid bodies 系名词化结构，一方面简化了同位语从句，另一方强调displacement 这一事实。 The rotation of the earth on its own axis causes the change from day to night. 地球绕轴自转，引起昼夜的变化。 名词化结构the rotation of the earth on its own axis 使复合句简化成简单句，而且使表达的概念更加确切严密。 If you use firebricks round the walls of the boiler, the heat loss. Can be considerably reduced. 炉壁采用耐火砖可大大降低热耗。 科技英语所表述的是客观规律，因之要尽量避免使用第一、二人称;此外，要使主要的信息置于句首。 Television is the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves. 电视通过无线电波发射和接受活动物体的图象。
专业英语的重要性 众所周知，现在英语在我们的学习和生活中显得越来越重要，我们常常会去看一步英文大片，或者阅读一份英文报纸，来更好的了解世界。而对于我们学习化工的同学来说，除了学好日常英语外，学习专业英语就显得更加重要了。 学习专业英语前，让我们看一些简单的化工单词，我们就会不知所措，更不要说去写点什么了，可是学习化工英语后我们有了一些基础，不仅认识了一些简单的化工单词，甚至还能够用英语写出所学的一些化工反应的原理。我想这就是我的收获吧，从中足以看出化工英语的重要性，而这只是在学校而已。 随着我们进入工作岗位，化工英语的重要性应该会更好的体现出来，面对一台进口的设备，我们可以顺利的去操作;面对一份英语的订单，我们也可以轻松处理;面对来考察的外商，我们可以给他用英语来介绍我们的设备和产品…… 总而言之，专业英语对我们的作用更大，是我们学习和工作不可或缺的。 The importance of Professional English As is known to us all, English in our study and life becomes increasingly important, we often see a famous film in English, or read an English newspaper, to better understand the world. For our students to learn chemistry, in addition to learning everyday English, learning professional English becomes more important. Before learning professional English, let's look at a few simple chemical words, we will be at a loss and don't even say to write something , but after learning English for chemical ,we have some basis, not only to know some simple chemical words, and even to be able to use English to write some of the chemical reaction learned the principle. I think this is my gain from it, enough to show the importance of professional English , and it was only in the school just. As we enter the jobs, the importance of professional English should be better to come out, facing a import equipment, we can smooth to operate ;in the face of a English order, we also can easily handle; in the face of the foreigner to investigate, we can give him English to introduce our equipment and product... All in all, the role of English in our study and work is essential.
科技英语的特点与翻译
任何作品均有特定的文体，原文的文体不同，翻译方法也随之而异。试观察下列几个片断的原文及其译文 "It appears that you've got the offer of a very good job." "A wonderful job." "Are you going to take it ?" "I don't think so." "Why not?' "I don't want to." "听说有个很好的工作要你去干。"
She was of a helpless, fleshy build, with a frank, open countenance and an innocent, diffident manner. Her eyes were large and patient, and in them dwelt such a shadow of distress as only those who have looked sympathetically into the countenances of the distraught and helpless poor know anything about. 那妇人生着一副绵软多肉的体格，一张坦率开诚的面容，一种天真羞怯的神气。一双大落落的柔
顺眼睛，里边隐藏着无穷的心事，只有那些对于凄惶无告的穷苦人面目作过同情观察的人才看得出来。 摘自（珍妮姑娘）（Jennie Gerhardt）,傅东华译.上面五十一个词的片断,就运用了十个形容词,占五分之一。"and in then dwelt such a shadow of distress"是非常优美生动的文学语言，译文保持了一风格。 MONTREAL-Clark Johns accomplished a spectacular debut for his NHL career tonight, the first score launching a four -point first period out burst,to lead the Johnson City High Hats to a
2015/12/2 Wednesday
西安电子科技大学
西安电子科技大学
§5. 2 同位语从句
1、一般情况 （1）公式
§5. 2 同位语从句 The latter（后一）form has the advantage that it can be extended（扩展） to complex quantities .
+ 某些抽象名词 +
the this a/an O no
形容词 物主代词
that从句[“that”在
从句中无词义、无 成分]
③ “动宾译法”：这时该“抽象名词” 来自于可带有宾语从句的及物动词。
西安电子科技大学
西安电子科技大学
§5. 2 同位语从句
（2）译法 ① “～ 这一 ……” 的
§5. 2 同位语从句 During the past several years, there has been an increasing [a growing] recognition [realization; awareness] within business（商务）and academic（学术的） circles（界）that certain nations have evolved（发展）into information societies .
The assumption that β = constant is often made to simplify analysis. R = r is the condition that power delivered（提供）by a given source is a maximum .
西安电子科技大学
西安电子科技大学
§5. 2 同位语从句 Here we have used the definition （定义）that acceleration（加速度）is the rate（速率）of change of velocity .
② 这一 ……：～ 以下的
§5. 2 同位语从句 The main theoretical development in this decade（十年）has been in the recognition that material properties should be included in analytical models . This is equivalent to a statement that everything is attracted by the earth.
This account for（解释）the observation（观察到的情况）that the resistivity of a metal increases with temperature .
1
新闻英语的标题的特点·简短小词 英语新闻标题总是力求用有限的字数来表达新闻的内容，为此，在措词上尤其要狠下功夫，选词尽可能经济达意、简短明了，偏爱选用那些短小精悍或字母最少的动词。这是因为短 小易懂、形象生动的措词不仅能增强新闻的简洁性和可读性，而且还能节省版面篇幅。如 表示“破坏”或“损坏”一词意义的动词，标题一般不用damage，而用一些较之简短的词，如hit，harm，hurt, ruin或wreck等。又如表示“放弃”这一概念的动词，标题一般不用abandon，而用drop, give up，quit，skip或yield 等；表示“爆炸”之类的动词意义时，一般不用explode，而用blast，crash，ram或smash等词。简而言之，英语新闻标题大都喜欢选用字形短小、音节不多而意义又比较广泛的词。 这类动词在标题中屡见不鲜，读者平时阅读时不妨多加留意，这对于提高英语水平，尤其 是熟悉英语同义动词，无疑是大有稗益的。为便于读者更好地理解英语新闻标题，现再列 举一些常见诸报端的标题小词，以备不时之需： aid=assist （帮助；援助）alter=change or modify （改变）ask＝inquire（询问）assail=denounce （谴责）axe=dismiss／reduce（解雇／减少）balk＝impede （阻碍）ban=prohibit or forbid （禁止）bar=prevent （防止；阻止）bare＝expose or reveal （暴露；揭露）blast=explode （爆炸）begin＝commence （开始）bid=attempt （努力）bilk＝cheat （欺骗）bolt＝desert or abandon （放弃）boost=increase （增加；提高）check=examine （检查）claim=ause the death of…（夺去……的生命）clash＝disagree strong1y （发生分歧；争议）curb=control or restrict （控制）dip＝decIlne or decrease （下降）ease＝lessen （减轻；缓和）end=terminate （结束；中止）flay=criticize（批评）flout=insult （侮辱）foil＝prevent from （阻止；防止）grill = investigate （调查）gut=destroy （摧毁）head=direct （率领）hold=arrest （逮捕）laud=praise （赞扬）lop＝diminish （下降；减少）map=work out （制订）mark＝celebrate （庆祝）name＝appoint／nominate（命名／提名）moot＝discuss （讨论）mull=consider（考虑）nab＝arrest（逮捕）nip=defeat（击败）nix=deny／disapprove（否决／拒绝）opt=choose（选择）oust=expel （驱逐）peril=endanger （危害；危及）pledge=determine （发誓）plot=conspire （预谋；密谋策划）plunge=plummet （价格等）暴跌poise＝ready for action （作好准备）probe＝investigate （调查）raid ＝attack （进攻）rap ＝criticize （批评）rebuke＝criticize （批评）rout=defeat completely（击溃；打垮）slay＝murder （谋杀）soar=skyrocket （急剧上升）spur=encourage（激励；鞭策）swap＝exchange （交流；交换）sway=influence （影响）trim=reduce （削减）vie＝compete （竞争）vow=determine （决心；发誓）weigh＝consider （考虑）woo＝seek to win （争取；追求） 新闻英语的标题的特点·语态 英语新闻标题中的动词表示被动语态时，被动吾态结构“be+过去分词”形式中的助动词“be”，通常被省略，也经常不用“by”来引出动作的执行者，剩下的过去分词在标题里就可直接表 示被动意义，读者切忌将之误解为该动词的过去式。如： GIRL OF 18 RAPED AFTER THREAT WITH BREAD KNIFE（＝A GIRL OF 18 RAPED
科技英语语法考题 考试时间：120分钟 系班:________________学号:________________ 姓名: _____________ 得分: ___________ I、英译汉（每题3分） 1. One-time write of the desired data into an erased（插干净了的）PROM is all that is required to store information quickly and permanently. 2. Of the variety of aberrations（像差）the image（像）formed by a single lens is subject to, perhaps the most familiar is the presence of fringes（不重合）of color around whatever is being viewed. 3. Since transformers（变压器）are large, heavy, and expensive, their elimination from the circuit（电路）results in considerable savings. 4. Every element（元素）exhibits（显示）a unique line spectrum（线谱）when a sample of it is suitably excited（激励），and its presence in a substance of unknown composition （构成）can be ascertained（确定）by the appearance of its characteristic wavelengths（特征波长）in the spectrum of the substance. 5. The solution（溶液）of water and other materials in which the tissues（人体组织）are bathed is slightly salty, an interesting reminder（暗示）of the first living cells（细胞）which originated in the sea. 6. The ability of the modern computer to perform rapid calculations on large, complex problems has resulted in the recent development of computational techniques not considered in the past. 7. Attractive as these theories and explanations are, there is no direct evidence that the child has a special language learning capacity which is totally absent in the adult. 8. The second aspect（方面）to determine our progress is the application by all members of society of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work. 9. The two answers, of course, are identical（相同的）, but how much more simply the energy principle（能量原理）leads to the final results! 10. Stereophonic（立体的）sound, or “stereo,” as it is usually called, refers to a sys tem of recording or sound transmission using multiple microphones（话筒）and loudspeakers（扬声器）. 11. Broadly speaking, computer security is keeping anyone from doing things you do not want them to do to, with, on or from your computers or any peripheral（外部的）devices. 12. Not as familiar is the fact that any substance whatever will be influenced by the magnetic field, although to an extent which is extremely small compared with a substance like iron. 13. Each element (元素) when vaporized (汽化) has its own set of frequencies it is able to emit or absorb, in a pattern as characteristic of that element as a set of fingerprints is of an individual human. 14. In any one example, h will either be always odd (奇数的) or always even (偶数的), which is all that matters, so that ( - 1)h will always be uniquely (唯一地) determined. 15. Symbols used in assembly（汇编）language programs are made up of letters and digits（数 字）, with the first character（字符）of the symbol a letter.
英语新闻的结构特征 新闻的种类很多，按分类标准的不同，有各种不同的分类方法。如按照事件的性质分类，新闻可分为“硬新闻（hard news）和“软新闻”（soft news）两大类，硬新闻也就是“纯新闻消息报道”，指题材严肃，具有一定时效性的客观事实报道；软新闻是指情感味浓，写作方法诙谐，轻松幽默的社会新闻，不注重时效性。新闻英语中常见的体裁主要有三大类：消息（news）、特写（features）和新闻评论（commentaries and columns）。 新闻写作由于记者写作风格不同，文体结构无定格。但大体上说新闻文体的主体结构是由标题、导语、 正文三部分组成。 标题（headline）：浓缩概括全文的中心实质问题。 导语（1ead or introduction）：通常为文章的第一段。文章的第一段提供主要话题和最主要的事 实。 正文（body）：在导语的基础上，引入更多的与主题相关的事实，使之更加详实、具体，并展开评论， 进而得出结论。 在此我们以消息为例，详细分析一下它的基本结构。消息类新闻属于“硬新闻”，是广泛采用的的一种 新闻体裁。消息报道中的导语十分重要，它位于第一段或第一、二段。通过它点出新闻的主题，这是消 息这种新闻文体区别于其它文体的一个重要特征。五个W和一个H（When？Where？Who？What？Why？和 How？）是构成一则完整的消息不可缺少的要素。直接的消息报道或纯消息报道一般采用“倒金字塔形 式”（the Inverted Pyramid Form），其特点是按新闻报道最重要的五个W和一个H头重脚轻地安排材 料，把新闻的高潮和结论放在最前面的导语里，然后以事实的重要性递减的顺序来安排（in the order of descending importance）材料。 在报纸、广播、电视等新闻媒体每天刊载和播发的新闻中，百分之九十是用倒金字塔结构写成的。 对于报纸来说，倒金字塔结构的新闻有自己的优势。主要是可以使读者很快得到新闻的精华部分；在生 活节奏越来越快的今天，一般读者很少把一条新闻从头到尾读完，他们可能随时放下报纸，因此，报纸 有必要让读者首先读到最重要的新闻内容。 为了帮助读者了解这种倒金字塔式结构，请见西方新闻学著作中的图表说明：The Inverted Pyramid Form Introduction containing most important or most interesting
英语新闻标题的特点1
英语新闻标题的特点 The Characteristics of English News Headlines [Abstract]Today's society can be described as rapid development and changeable. How to record these social and historical change and development of new things , Mass media especially print media with its strongly deadline strict and the pursuit of new things is the best means of communication .The formation of the global village has greatly expanded the coverage of modern English ,English news reports covered all kinds of things ,for example, the solemn representation of speech of the President , the gossip of the leisure residents , the new achievement in all fields , the customs around the world, the fresh burst of interesting events and so on. However , the tiele is the sub-lease of the entire English news ,as well as the window of it ,so the importance of the title is self-evident. In this paper ,the author analysis of the characteristics of English News Headlines from four aspects, that are the formal of the English News Headlines ,the character of the words, the grammatical features and the use of rhetorical techniques. Hoping to do some help for each reader. [keywords]English News Headlines , Rhetoric, Language Features, The use of tenses 摘要：当今社会的发展和变化可谓日新月异，如何记录下这些社会历史变迁和新鲜事物的发展，大众媒体尤其是报刊媒体因其具有极强的时效性和时新性是当之不愧最好的记录手段。“地球村”的形成也大大拓宽了现代英语的涵盖范畴，英语新闻的报道可谓包罗万象，有总统庄严的任职演讲、民众闲暇的说三道四、各个学科领域的新成就、世界各地的风土人情、突发有趣的新鲜事件等等。而英语新闻标题又是整篇英语新闻报道的契子，也是整篇新闻报道的窗口，在报刊英语新闻中占据极其重要的地位。本文中，笔者从英语新闻标题的书写格式、措词特点、语法运用特点和修辞技巧的运用来详细分析了英语新闻标题的特点。望与读者共勉。
任何作品均有特定的文体，原文的文体不同，翻译方法也随之而异。试观察下列几个片断的原文及其译文 "It appears that you've got the offer of a very good job." "A wonderful job." "Are you going to take it ?" "I don't think so." "Why not?' "I don't want to." "听说有个很好的工作要你去干。" "挺好的工作"。 "打算干吗？" "不。" "为什么不干？" "不想干"。 摘自《刀锋》（The Razor's Edge ） 这是小说中的一段对说，属于口语文体。其特点是：用词自由，句法结构简单，短句与省略句多，自然朴素，生活气息浓厚。在译文中进一步体现汉语口语的特点，省去主语"你"、"我"；将英语的一个句子I don't think so.干脆译成一个字"不"，显得简洁有力。 She was of a helpless, fleshy build, with a frank, open countenance and an innocent, diffident manner. Her eyes were
large and patient, and in them dwelt such a shadow of distress as only those who have looked sympathetically into the countenances of the distraught and helpless poor know anything about. 那妇人生着一副绵软多肉的体格，一张坦率开诚的面容，一种天真羞怯的神气。一双大落落的柔顺眼睛，里边隐藏着无穷的心事，只有那些对于凄惶无告的穷苦人面目作过同情观察的人才看得出来。 摘自（珍妮姑娘）（Jennie Gerhardt）,傅东华译.上面五十一个词的片断,就运用了十个形容词,占五分之一。"and in then dwelt such a shadow of distress"是非常优美生动的文学语言，译文保持了一风格。 MONTREAL-Clark Johns accomplished a spectacular debut for his NHL career tonight, the first score launching a four -point first period out burst,to lead the Johnson City High Hats to a 6:4 victory over the Montreal Teals and their eighth consecutive game without a loss. [蒙特利尔电]在全国手球联赛中克拉克约翰斯今晚初试锋芒，引起轰动。上半场领先四分，首开记录。克拉克发挥中坚作用，约翰逊市高帽队终以6:4击败蒙特利尔市小鸭队，创造了连胜八场未负一场的战绩。 这是属于应用文的新闻文体，其特点是简明扼要，短小精悍，结构紧凑，笔锋犀利。上述这则电讯只有一个句子，却把一场球赛描绘得淋漓尽致，富于吸引力。 The range of a voltmeter may be extended by means of a series resistor called a multiplier as shown in Fig.2.The fullscale reading of the meter alone may be 15volts.With the multiplier 250volts may be required to move the pointer to full-scale,
科技英语_秦荻辉_科技英语语法习题以及答案练习 1 I、将下列句子译成汉语，注意句中有些冠词的特殊位置: 1. In this case the current(电流)exists for only half the cycle(周期). 2. In such a case there is no current flowing in the circuit(电路). 3. Sensitivity(灵敏度)is a measure of how small a signal(信号)a receiver(接收机)can pick up and amplify(放大)to a level useful for communications. 4. ε may be as small a positive constant as you please. 5. Even so fundamental a dimension,量纲，as time was measured extremely crudely with sand and water clocks hundreds of years ago. 6. Nonlinear distortion,非线性失真，can be caused by too large an input signal. 7. The method used is quite an effective one. 8. A series,级数，solution of this kind of problem allows as close a calculation of the error as needed. II、将下列句子译成汉语，注意句中“and”和“or”的确切含义: 1. Air has weight and occupies space. 2. In this way less collector dissipation(集电极功耗)results, and the efficiency increases.
英语语法 不定式作状语 1)目的状语 To… only to (仅仅为了),in order to,so as to,so(such)… as to… (如此……以便……) He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。 I come here only to say good-bye to you.我来仅仅是向你告别。 2)作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。 What have I said to make you angry. He searched the room only to find nothing. 3)表原因 I'm glad to see you. 典型例题 The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ___. A. sit B. sit on C. be seat D. be sat on 答案：B.如果不定式为不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。当动词与介词连用时，常位于"形容词+动词不定式"结构的末尾。 不定式作定语 不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。例如： I have a lot of work to do. So he made some candles to give light 不定式作表语 不定式可放在be动词后面，形成表语。例如： My work is to clean the room every day. His dream is to be a doctor.