在职研究生英语考试阅读理解

Every artist knows in his heart that he is saying something to the public. Not only does he want so say it well, but he wants it to be something which has not been said before. He hopes the public will listen and understand - he wants to teach them, and he wants them to learn from him. What visual artists like painters want to teach is easy to make out but difficult to explain, because painters translate their experiences into shapes and colors, not words. They seem to feel that a certain selection of shapes and colors, out of the countless billions possible, is exceptionally interesting for them and worth showing to us. Without their work we should never have noticed these particular shapes and colors, or have felt the delight which they brought to the artist. Most artists take their shapes and colors from the world of nature and from human bodies in motion and repose; their choices indicate that these aspects of the world are worth looking at, that they contain beautiful sights. Contemporary artists might say that they merely choose subjects that provide an interesting pattern, that there is nothing more in it. Yet even they do not choose entirely without reference to the character of their subjects. If one painter chooses topaint a gangrenous( 生坏疽的) legandanother aworld. Each painter is telling us something, showing us something, emphasizing something---all of which mean that, consciously or unconsciously, he is trying to teach us.1. All artists are common in that _____.[A] they use shapes and colors instead of words[B] they are trying to teach the public[C] what they want to teach is difficult to explain[D] they want to learn from the public2. A painter chooses certain shapes and colors out of the countless billions possible because he believes they _____.[A] are beautiful[B] can bring delight to him[C] are worth showing to the public[D] are particular3. Contemporary artists choose subjects _____.[A] without reference to the character of their subjects[B] that only provide an interesting pattern[C] that there is no meaning in it[D] partly for the meaning of the subjects4. Comparing the painter who paints a gangrenous leg with the one who paints a lake in moonlight,we can draw the conclusion that _____.[A] both convey the same meaning[B] both show certain aspects of the world[C] the latter is more meaningful[D] the former is more meaningful5. According to the passage,which of the follwoing statements is true?[A] The public couldshare the artist’sfeelings throughtheir choice of shapesand colors.[B] The painter should not choose to paint ugly things.[C] Contemporary artists are completely different from other artists.[D] All artists are teaching the public consciously.参考答案： B C B B AWhat are the specific traits that will assist executives to climb the ladder of success? Opinions vary widely. Given approximately equal qualifications and— beinginthe rightplace atthe righttime. Others speak of analmostcrazy devotiontowork, combined with a degree of ruthlessness. One “expert” maintains that it’s undoubtedly a matter of how much education your mother had.To make it big, executives must possess four basic skills:First, drive. Business success takes an unusual amount of energy. A successful executive—almost by definition — is a striver. He will get tense when he is not striving.Second, peoplesense. Somesay beingabletojudgepeopleis moreimportantthan a high IQ. The skill can be instinctual( 本能的), but in most cases it is painstakingly learned.Third, communications ability. Different executives make themselves understood in different ways. Some transmit ideas best face to face; others are masters of the telephone call; still others are persuasive writers. One way or another,they all communicate clearly.Fourth, calm under pressure. No businessman will get very far if he chokes up.1. Some people claim that besides hard work,the success also requires _____.[A] equal qualifications[B] specific traits[C] much education[D] a degree of cruelty2. According to the passage,a high IQ is _____.[A] instinctual[B] painstakingly learnt[C] inborn[D] more trivial than people sense3. The successful executives must _____.[A] transmit ideas face to face[B] depend on telephones[C] be persuasive writers[D] express themselves distinctly4. Which of the following statements is TRUE?[A] Every businessman possesses these four skills.[B] When a triver stops his devotion to work,he will feel quite at ease.[C] These basic skills are not instinctual at all.[D] Mother’s education has undoubted effect on her child’s success.5. What’s the main idea of the passage?[A] Four skills for successful executives.[B] Some opinions about the success.[C] Specific traits for successful executives.[D] Qualifications and circumstances for climbing the ladder.参考答案： D D D D CThe kind of music, song, and dance a people generates, with its characteristic rhythmandbeat, forms oneof thebestindexes of its cultural style, andinAmerica,the dominant musical styles are blues, swing and jazz. The lyrics to this music are often foolishly sentimental and sometimes non-sensical, but frequently they embody a wildandearthy humor, or a sadandtragic strain. As distinguishedfrommost American popular tunes, American hot music is not written to be danced to. Yet there is an internal beat in jazz which relates deeply to dance: the movements of the body interpret the music’sint ent better than words can. When there is dancing, however, the dances break away from a formal pattern and, at their bat, keep with the improvisation ( 即兴) of the music. Unlike earlier American folk dances, which are collective, so-called ballroom dancing is performed by couples. Each couple is comparatively alone, not being well enough acquainted with the other couples on the dance floor to join them. But, in the swing dancing, as the music mounts the partners separate to execute complicated solo variations and then rejoin each other. As the music approaches one of its climaxes, the dancers pay the musicians the tribute( 赞美) of gathering around to cheer them on. In popular dance and music, Americans come closer to reaching a native idiom of religious feeling than they do in any other aspect of their lives.1. The main idea of the passage is that _____.[A] popular dance and music are an important aspect of American life[B] the American hot music is different from most American popular tunes[C] modern dancing is different from earlier American folk dances[D] all of the abovepopular2. The difference between American hot music and most Americantunes is that _____.[A] the lyrics to hot music are nonsensical[B] most American popular tunes are written to be danced to[C] there is not internal beat in hot music[D] hot music can not be interpreted by dance3. According to the passage,the swing dancing _____.[A] collective[B] performed by couples[C] individual improvising[D] gathering around the musician4. Which is the relationship between jazz and dance?[A] Both the music and the dance have formal pattern.[B] The dances always keep the music to interpret it.[C] Jazz has nothing to do with dance.[D] Jazz can be interpreted by dance,though not so well as by words.5. In the swing dancing,the musicians _____.[A] cheer the dancers on[B] gather around the dancers[C] execute complicated variations[D] were gathered around by the dancers参考答案： A B C D BThe heritage of English law brought with it the seeds of American liberty-not the flower and the fruit, which were to be produced after long labor and painful struggle. Nevertheless, the seeds were there and they sprouted, took root and havecontinuedtogrow. Tothis extent, theinheritancewas valuable, butitis nottobe denied that even though English law gave us the seeds of liberty, it also imposed upon us a vast amount of useless lumber that we have not swept away entirely --- after three hundred years of unceasing effort. Even the system of trial byjury, inspiteof its enormous value, cametous withburdensome, outwornideasand unnecessary precautions, on the one hand, and with no adequate means of adaptation to changing conditions, on the other. For one thing, in the early days it was assumedthat ignorance of the facts was a guarantee of ajuror’simpartiality.At that time, when means of communication were few and slow, there was something to be said for the idea; but today, when means of communication were abundant and almost instantaneous, ignorance of the facts is evidence, not of impartiality, but of extraordinary stupidity, or of extraordinary indifference. The rule that a juror must be ignorant of the facts is, therefore, a rule that operates against, not for the effort to fill the jury box with honest men of ordinary intelligence. It has become so hopeless, indeed, that the courts literally ceased long ago trying to enforce it. It is, nevertheless, still a theoretical part of the system.1 The passage is main about _____.[A] the seeds of American literty[B] the system of trial by jury[C] a theoretical weakness of the jury system[D] the changing conditions in the jury system2. The inheritance of English law brought with it _____.[A] the seeds of American literty[B] the flower and fruit of American literty[C] some ideas and precautions which were useless[D] both A and C3. The assumption that ignorance of the facts was a guarantee of a juror’s impartiality _____.[A] was reasonable neither in the past nor at present[B] was extraordinary stupid or indifferent[C] is not valid under the changing conditions[D] has been proved reasonable4. The rule that a juror must be ignorant of the facts is _____.[A] no longer a theoretical part of the system[B] no longer strictly enforced[C] against the theoretical basis[D] still strictly enfore5. Which of the following statements is true?[A] The rules of the trial system should be more flexible to adapt to the changing conditions.[B] The members of the jury should be of extraordinary intelligance.[C] Ignorance of the facts on the part of a juror today is evidence of impartiality.[D] When means of communication had proved abundant,there was nothing to be said for the idea.参考答案： C D C B A。

在职攻硕英语联考（阅读）模拟试卷90(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 3. Reading ComprehensionPart III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes, 40 points)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Hunting was originally a means of providing food, but it has now become a sport. Though in some parts of the world there are still people who hunt wild animals to provide themselves with food, in England, hunting is as much a social activity as anything else. A great many years ago, fishermen in Japan used birds to catch fish. This art of fishing is said to be at least a thousand years old and is mentioned in Japanese plays. Today, however, fishing in this way has simply become a sport, for the fishermen are not seriously interested in catching fish. On summer nights the fishing boats set out on rivers in various parts of the country. At the front of each boat there is an iron basket in which a wood fire kept burning. As the graceful curved boats float past carried along by the current, these fires, dotted here and there, make bright patterns on the water. Steering down the river, the fishermen beat the sides of the boat to encourage the birds, and people out for an evening’s entertainment either sit or lie on the floor of the boats drinking beer and sometimes even cooking a meal for themselves over the flames of the fire. This method of fishing demands great skill, for the fisherman has to handle three or four birds in one hand. A long piece of string is tied round the neck of each bird and the fisherman must take care to keep the birds separate from each other. Every so often, the birds are set free and they fly close to the water in search of fish. The moment a bird catches a fish in its beak, it is pulled back on to the boat. The string is held tightly round the bird’s throat to prevent it from swallowing the fish it has caught. When there do not seem to be many fish in the river, the fishermen can sometimes be seen secretly throwing dead fish into the water for the birds to catch. No one really objects to this practice, as it is all part of this unusual sport.Questions:1．What was the original purpose of hunting?A．To catch the wild animals.B．To catch the birds.C．To catch the fish.D．To provide food.正确答案：D解析：第1题问狩猎的最初目的是什么。

在职硕士英语阅读理解练习和答案一The significance of trust is that it allows the parties involved in the relationship to indicate how they feel, what they behave, and where they disagree without fear of contradiction or reprisal(报复). Trusting relationship encourage people to disclose their plans and perceptions without hurting them selves or others. Hurt, whether real or imagined, is one of the most harmful consequences of personal relationships with other human beings. In situations which you feel that the other person has the power and intent to hurt you, trust diminishes quickly. Thus a climate of distrust appears in your relations with others. Conversely, if I can say whatever comes to my mind without getting hurt, a climate of trust pervades the relationship. Trust is a perceptual phenomenon that evolves from our experiences with others. If trusting were so easy, we would not need to make such a point of its importance in human relationships. To say thata person should trust others is to diminish the difficulty of producing trust. In mutual relationships, both parties must be have toward one another in trusting ways. Even though it hurts in the pit of the stomach(心窝), you must trust the other person and encourage him or her to say those things that demand a trusting response. No one likes to get hurt and few like to hurt others, especially not those others who are close to us in person-to-person relationships. We avoid expressing our true feelings lest we become the target of a revenging attack from the other person. If I indicate that I do not appreciate having you smoke in my car, I may love you as a friend or I may become the subject of ridicule for allowing little things like that to bother me. If that happens, I will be less open and less trusting of you the next time.1. The significance of trues lies in the fact that _____.[A] trust is not easy to reach between human beings[B] trust allows people to say whatever comes to their minds[C] one likes to get hurt[D] few like to trust others2. What will not happen if a person feeds he will be hurt by the other?[A] Trust diminishes quickly.[B] He will disclose his plans and perceptions.[C] A climate of distrust pervades the relationship?[D] One of the most harmful consequences of personal relationships with others appear.3. Trust is a phenomenon that _____.[A] results from our expericences with others[B] comes from our perceptions[C] may trust in the pit of the stomach[D] none of the above4. People avoid expressing their true feelings because _____.[A] they become the target of revenging attack from others[B] they are not so open and trusting others[C] they do not want to become the target of revenging attack from others[D] they do not want to lose friends5. Implied but not stated _____.[A] People usually do not like to trust those who are close to us[B] People will usually get reprisal or ridicule for their trust[C] If trust has been established,it will never disappear[D] The negative response will usually result in the diminishing of trusting between personsCigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs and the throat and is believed to be related to cancer of the bladder(膀胱) and the oral cavity(口腔). Male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate from heart disease than non-smoking males.Female smokers are thought to be less affected be cause they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply. The majority of physicians and researchers consider these relationships proved to their satisfaction and say. “Give up smoking. If you don’t smoke, don’t start”. Some competent physicians and researchworkers - though their small number is dwindling(减小) even further-are less sure of the effect of cigarette smoking on health. They consider the increase in respiratory (呼吸的) diseases and various forms of cancer may possibly be explained by other factors in the complex human environment - atmospheric pollution, increased nervous stress, chemical substances in processed food, or Chemical pesticides that are now being used by farmers in vast Quantities to destroy insects and small animals. Smokers who develop cancer or lung diseases, they say, may also, by coincidence, live in industrial areas, or eat more canned food. Gradually, however, research is isolating all other possible factors and proving them to be statistically irrelevant. While all tobacco smoking affects life expectancy and health, cigarette smoking appears to have a much greater effect than cigar or pipe smoking. However, nicotine(尼古丁)consumption is not diminished by the latter forms, and current research Indicates relationship between all forms of smoking and cancer of the mouth and throat. Filters and low tar(焦油) tobacco are claimed to made smoking to some extentsafer, but they can only marginally reduce ,not eliminate, the hazards.1. Male smoking are more affected by smoking than female ones because _____.[A] Male smokers smoke more than female ones[B] Male smokers are more likely to be affected by smoking[C] Male smokers breath in the smoke deeper than female ones[D] Male smokers are more likely to be affected by other factors in hormone environment2. According to the passage,cigarette can do harm to all the following EXCEPT _____.[A] lung[B] mouth[C] heart[D] eye3. The author’s attitude towards smoking is _____.[A] critical[B] approving[C] questioning[D] subjective4. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?[A] More and more research work believe the effect of cigarette smoking on health.[B] Filters and low tar tobacco can not get rid of the hazard.[C] Cigarette smiking has a greater effect on health than.[D] All forms of tobacco smoking affects life expectancy and health.5. The authors purpose of writing the passage is to _____.[A] offer advice on how to give up smoking[B] explain the influence of cigarette smoking on health[C] list the factors that can cause cancer[D] compare the opinions on the effect of smoking参考答案：C D A C B The Poetry of Gwendolyn Brooks has been praised for deepening the significance of personal and social experiences so that these experiences become universal in their implication. She has also been praised for her “sense of form, whichis basic and remarkable.” Many of her poems are concerned with a Black community named Bronzeville, on the south side of Chicago. Her literary skill makes Bronzeville more than just a place on a map. This community, like all important literary places (Robinson’s Tibury Town and Masters’ Spoon River, for example), becomes a testing ground of personality, a place where the raw material of experience is shaped by imagination and where the joys and trials of being human are both sung and judged. The qualities for which Brooks’s poetry is led are (as one critic has pointed out) “boldness, invention, a daring to experiment, and a naturalness that does not scorn literature but absorbs it.”Her love for poetry began early. At the age of seven. she “began to put rhymes together,” and when she was thirteen, one of her poems was published in a children’s magazine. During her teens she contributed more than seventy-five poems to a Chicago newspaper. In 1941 she began to attend a class in writing poetry at the South Side Community Art Center, and several years later, her poems began to appear in Poetry andother magazines. He first collection of poems, A Street in Bronzeville, was published in 1945. Four years later, Annie Allen, her second collection of poems, appeared. In 1950 Annie Allen was awarded a Pulitzer prize for poetry. A novel, Maud Martha, about a young black girl growing up in Chicago, published in 1953, was praised for its warmth and insights. In 1963 her selected Poems appeared.1. The main subject of the passage is Gwendolyn Brooks’s _____.[A] personal background[B] hometown[C] literary achievements[D] childhood2. Why does the author mention Tibury Town and Spoon River?[A] To give credit to tow great writers.[B] To provide examples of important literary places.[C] To suggest similarities between Brooks’s style and that of other writers.[D] To encourage the reader to read Robinson andMasters.3. The author uses quotations in the first paragraph primarily to _____.[A] help emphasize the significance of Brooks’s poetry[B] introduce biographical information about Brooks[C] present opposing points of view about Brooks’s work[D] state little-known facts about Brooks’s novel4. According to the passage, Brooks’s poetry was first published when she was _____.[A] seven years old[B] attending a class in writing[C] in her teens[D] an established novelist5. Her novel was praised because _____.[A] she wrote something about the Black people[B] she had a good personality[C] her works were shaped by imagination[D] she had promoted social and personalexperiences参考答案：C B A C D The agricultural revolution in the nineteenth century involved two things the invention of labor-saving machinery and the development of scientific agriculture. labor-saving machinery naturally appeared first where labor was scarce. “In Europe”, said Thomas Jefferson, “the object is to make the most of their land, labor being abundant; here it is to make the most of our labor, lard being abundant”. It was in America, there fore, that the great advances in nineteenth-century agricultural machinery first Came. At the opening of the century, with the exception of a crude plow, farmers could have carried practically all of the existing agricultural implements on their backs: by 1860, most of the machinery in use today had been designed in an early form. The most important of the early inventions was the iron plow. As early as 1990 Charles Newbold of New Jersey had been working on the idea of a cast-iron plow and spent his entire fortune in introducing his invention. The farmers, however, would home none of it, claiming that the iron poisoned the soil and made theweeds grow. Nevertheless many people devoted their attention to the plow, until in 1869, James Oliver of South Bend, Indiana, turned out the first chilled-steel plow.1. The word “here” (para 1,line 4) refers to _____.[A] Europe[B] America[C] New Jersey[D] Indiana2. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?[A] The reed for labor helped the invention of machinery in America.[B] The farmer rejected Charles Newbold’s plow for fear of ruin of their field.[C] Both Euorpe and America had great need of farm machinery.[D] It was in Indiana that the firstchilled-steel plow was produced.3. The passage is mainly about _____.[A] the agricultural revolution[B] the invention of labor-saving machinery[C] the development of scientific agriculture[D] the farming machinery in America4. At the opening of thenineteenth-century,farmers in America _____.[A] preferred light tools[B] were extremely self-reliant[C] had many portable tools[D] had very few tools5. Implied but not stated _____.[A] There was a shortage of workers on American farms.[B] The most important of the early inventions was the iron plow.[C] After 1869,many people devoted their attention to the plow.[D] Charles Newbolt had made a furtune by his cast-iron plow参考答案：B C B D A。

2023年在职硕士《英语》考试历年真题摘选附带答案第1卷一.全考点综合测验(共20题)1.【单选题】The company issues an annual report every March.A.a yearlyB. a comprehensiveC. a financialD.a product2.【单选题】Communication is one of the most important bonds that hold cultural systems together.A.obligationsB.qualitiesC. linksD. needs3.【单选题】Formerly , in the United States, many nurses worked as private duty nurses rather than in hospitals.A.PreviouslyB. StrictlyC. OfficiallyD. Periodically4.【单选题】One of the greatest breakthroughs for professional women came in 1973 when the field of banking opened up for them.A. most serious disappointmentsB.most significant advancesC. most abrupt declinesD. most crucial situations5.【单选题】Some children display an unquenchable 难以抑制的curiosity about every new thing they encounter.A.insatiable 贪的无厌的B. inherentC.indiscriminate 不加选择的D. incredible6.【单选题】In calculating the daily calorie requirements for an individual, variations in body size, physical activity, and age should be taken into account.A. numberedB. stabilizedC. contrastedD.considered7.【单选题】In 1974 Henry Aaron broke Babe Ruth's monumental lifetime record of 714 home runs.A.archaic(old, antique)B. degrading (discredit)C.outstandingD.entire8.【单选题】Despite the proliferation of other faster modes of transportation, the railroads remain the largest carriers of intercity freight in the United States.A.schemesB. meansC.tracksD. variables9.【单选题】The wheels of the first road vehicles were fashioned from crude stone disks.A.hand-carvedB.roughly madeC. flatD. heavy10.【单选题】Mary McCarthy s satires 讽刺文学are couched in a prose style that has a classic precision.A.fusedB.prefacedC. standardizedD. expressed11.【单选题】The economy of Dallas, Texas, is strong and diversified .A.inflatedB. stableC. variedD.well-regulated12.【单选题】An oversight 遗漏(miss, overslaugh) in proofreading often results in printed errors.A.An inconsistencyB. A discriminationC. A blotchD.An inattention13.【单选题】In literature, caricatures讽刺画usually contain verbal exaggeration through which the writer achieves comic and often satiric 讽刺effects.A. banter 取笑(tease)B. humorC. interactionD. overstatement14.【单选题】While Billie Holiday did not invent the music called "the blues", she most assuredly helped popularize it.A. finallyB.certainlyC.earnestlyD.enthusiastically15.【单选题】Blue－green algae grow abundantly in salt marshes.A. primarilyB.slowlyC.on plants(cultivate)D. in great numbers16.【单选题】Formulated in 1823, the Monroe Doctrine asserted that the Americas were no longer open to European colonization.A. emphatically statedB. belligerently(aggressively) arguedC. accentuated(emphasize)D. entreated 恳求（implore, plea, invoke ）17.【单选题】With the acquisition of smaller companies by larger ones, the 1960's saw a wave of new conglomerates.A. surgeB.handfulC. suspensionD. dissolution 分解18.【单选题】Some animals pant and sweat to speed evaporation of body moisture and thus cool themselves.A.wiggle 摆动slowlyB. breathe quicklyC. restD.perspire19.【单选题】The Salk vaccine is a major factor in the fight to eradicate polio.pletely destroyB. carefully disguiseC. sustainD. contain20.【单选题】How many people are aware that a dancer with the New York City Ballet typically wears out a minimum of two hundred pairs of toe shoes per year?A.onlyB. exactlyC. at leastD.fewer than第2卷一.全考点综合测验(共20题)1.【单选题】In 1861 it seemed inevitable that the Southern states would break away from the Union.A.strangeB. certainC.inconsistentD. proper2.【单选题】The first paper was made from the bark of the mulberry tree.A. dried woodB. outer coveringC.syrup(sirup)D. root3.【单选题】Some cosmetics manufacturers attempt to capture the rose's unmistakable fragrance香味in soaps and perfumes.A.designB.textureC. scentD. freshness4.【单选题】Comets are still regarded with awe by some people.A. wonderB.concernC.resentmentD.detachment5.【单选题】Bats fly, rather than glide, and thus are the only mammals capable of true flight.A.straightB. safeC.realD.rapid6.【单选题】With lasers scientists can probe many physical processes, such as combustion, once beyond our ken.视野A. understandingB. responsibilityC.interpretationD. notice7.【单选题】The megaphone(microphone) makes the voice sound louder because it points sound waves in one direction and keeps them from spreading out in all directions.A.slitheringB.radiatingC. interferingD. murmuring8.【单选题】By the nineteenth century, embroidery on men's clothing had virtually disappeared except for the occasional decorative vest and tie.A. almostB. definitelyC.alreadyD.universally9.【单选题】Urban renewal programs strive to upgrade areas that are becoming slums.A.reproachB. improveC.fortifyD.uproot10.【单选题】Cream of tartar 酒石, a weak acid, can be added to egg whites to help them foam泡沫when they are beatenA.whippedB. agedC.boiledD.cracked11.【单选题】Eyespots, the most rudimentary eyes, are found in protozoan原生动物flagellates 鞭毛虫, flatworms 扁形虫, and segmented worms片段蠕虫.A.hostile-lookingB.perceptiveC. primitiveD.strangely formed12.【单选题】Food must be moist in order to have a taste.A.appetizing(delicious)B. nutritiousC. dampD. chewed13.【单选题】The controls of most modern airplanes can be operated either manually or automatically.A.by the bookB.by a mapC. by logicD. by hand14.【单选题】The first important exposition in the United States was held in Philadelphia in 1876.A.exhibitionB. concertC. excursionD.contest15.【单选题】Double Eagle in the first transatlantic balloon, was greeted by avid crowds in France.A.eagerB.surgingC.appreciativeD.vigorous16.【单选题】People who do not sleep enough tend to become irritable .A.easily annoyedB. illC. wearyD.stiff and sore17.【单选题】Although the Carbon 14 method of dating old objects is not foolproof , it is the best method available at presentA.wholly operationalB.entirely serviceableC.fully reliablepletely safe18.【单选题】Insect pests are among the leading causes of crop failure.A.expectedB. chiefC. naturalD. least19.【单选题】Solid geometry has enabled astronomers to calculate the positions of the heavenly bodies relative to one another.A. on top ofB.next toC.in spite ofD. with respect to20.【单选题】The Native American interpreter Sacajawea was a valuable member of the Lewis and dark expedition in 1805.A.very friendlyB. very usefulC. very thoughtful.D.very wealthy第1卷参考答案一.全考点综合测验1.正确答案：A2.正确答案：C3.正确答案：A4.正确答案：B5.正确答案：A6.正确答案：D7.正确答案：C8.正确答案：B9.正确答案：B10.正确答案：D11.正确答案：C12.正确答案：D13.正确答案：D14.正确答案：B15.正确答案：D16.正确答案：A17.正确答案：A18.正确答案：D19.正确答案：A20.正确答案：C第2卷参考答案一.全考点综合测验1.正确答案：B2.正确答案：B3.正确答案：C4.正确答案：A5.正确答案：C6.正确答案：A7.正确答案：B8.正确答案：A9.正确答案：B10.正确答案：A11.正确答案：C12.正确答案：C13.正确答案：D14.正确答案：A15.正确答案：A16.正确答案：A17.正确答案：C18.正确答案：B19.正确答案：D20.正确答案：B。

在职申硕(同等学力)英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)在职申硕（同等学力）英语真题试卷（题后含答案及解析）一、阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

Passage 1Scientists are learning more about the effects of stress on our bodies. Long-term stress may increase the risk of obesity(肥胖), heart disease, and even asthma, according to new research.Stressful experiences---such as mental illness in a family, unemployment, poverty, or abuse---continue to affect our health and well-being far longer than the actual event. This is becoming a major concern for public health professionals.Researchers at the University of California discovered that childhood stress could permanently affect a person’s DNA. They found that kids who went through traumatic (创伤性的) experiences at a young age had shorter telomeres（端粒）than tho se who hadn’t. Telomeres are the protective tips at the end of our DNA, and shorter telomeres are linked to a variety of health problems. The researchers concluded that early childhood trauma has a lasting impact on our overall health.In another study, scientists in Sweden measured the stress levels of 17,000 adults, and then tracked them for 11 years. The results showed that the most stressed-out participants had a 45% higher risk of developing heart disease. The study also revealed that those with stressful jobs were more likely to take sick leave due to heart problems.Furthermore, researchers in New Zealand found that children who suffered ongoing stress before the age of 15 had a higher chance of developing asthma later in life. This finding suggests that reducing stress in early childhood could have long-term health benefits.Overall, these studies emphasize the need for stress reduction strategies and interventions, particularly in high-risk populations. Whether through therapy, meditation(冥想), or lifestyle changes, it is essential that we find healthy ways to manage and cope with stress to protect our long-term health.1. According to the passage, long-term stress may lead to _______.A. mental illnessB. shorter telomeresC. unemploymentD. poverty答案：B解析：根据第一段中的“Long-term stress may increase the risk of obesity(肥胖), heart disease, and even asthma, according to new research.”可知，长期的压力可能会增加肥胖、心脏病甚至哮喘的风险，选项B中的“shorter telomeres”（更短的端粒）对应文章中提到的短端粒与健康问题有关。

在职考研英语试题及答案一、阅读理解（共20分，每题4分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选择最佳答案。

A篇In recent years, the number of people returning to school to pursue higher education has been on the rise. This trend is particularly noticeable among working professionals who are looking to advance their careers. According to a survey conducted by the National Center for Education Statistics, the percentage of adult learners in higher education has increased by 15% over the past decade.1. What is the main reason for adults returning to school?A. To gain new skills.B. To advance their careers.C. To change their jobs.D. To meet new people.2. How much has the percentage of adult learners increased in the past decade?A. 5%B. 10%C. 15%D. 20%B篇The use of technology in education has been a topic of debate for many years. Some argue that it enhances learning, whileothers believe it can be a distraction. A recent study published in the Journal of Educational Technology found that students who used digital tools in the classroom performed better on tests than those who did not.3. What is the main topic of the debate?A. The cost of technology in education.B. The impact of technology on learning.C. The types of technology used in education.D. The future of technology in education.4. What did the study find about the use of digital tools?A. They have no effect on test performance.B. They can be a distraction in the classroom.C. They improve test performance.D. They are not necessary for learning.二、完形填空（共20分，每题2分）阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选择最佳答案填空。

Passage 3While anything can happen in the world of gold, no one expects bullion（金条金块）price to rise anytime soon. Desperation sales by Asian citizens and governments have been depressing gold prices for months. At this autumn's price of about $290 an ounce, gold is going for 10 percent less than last fall and 25 percent less than in 1996.American jewelry counters barely reflect that steep decline. A survey by the World Gold Council found that Americans paid about $83 for the typical piece of gold jewelry this summer, down about $2 from what they paid in 1996. "Most retail jewelers have lowered prices," says Michael Paolercio, CEO of Michael Anthony Jewelers, one of the nation's largest manufacturers of gold jewelry. "Have they lowered them dollar for dollar? No."Shoppers elsewhere buy gold jewelry with the sharp eye of an investor. But U.S. shoppers grab gold like blinded magpies【喜鹊）, and they seem to disregard prices. In a 1997 survey of 2,107 Americans, the World Gold Council found that 85 percent didn't know about the daily price of gold. Worse, almost half of those who thought they knew were way off.As a result, the cheaper cost of raw gold has generally meant higher profits for retailers. Zale Corp., the nation's largest jewelry retailer, for example, saw profits rise 36 percent in the year ending July 31, while sales rose only 9 percent.The gold business has a long history of taking advantage of consumers. While today most jewelers won't outright lie, many hold back information to make it difficult to comparison-shop. When a U.S. News reporter visited 10 jewelers, department stores, and discount outlets last week, only two shops were willing to reveal the weight of a gold necklace.Still, it is possible to buy low.绝望的销售由亚洲人民和政府几个月来一直压抑的黄金价格。

在职攻读硕士学位全国联考英语阅读理解（一）Passage 1The most fundamental group to which a person belongs is the family. The institution of the family exists in almost every human culture. It is considered by behavioral scientists to be one of the oldest institutions in human history.The family unit serves many important functions. The performance of these functions is the reason for the family importance. Above all, the family serves as a mechanism of species survival.Families also have important economic functions. In primitive societies, the tasks of gathering food and providing shelter were divided among family member. Today, both husband and wife may work and share the duties of homemaking and child rearing.In addition to its survival and economic functions, the family gives its members social status. In many societies, a person is not considered a complete member until he has married and produced children. Finally, the family helps to meet the basic emotional needs of a person through the love and support received from parents, siblings (兄弟或姐妹), and relatives.1.Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?A. The family has changed greatly over time.B. Many of the functions of the family today are being performed by government agencies.C. The most important role for the family is to gather food.D. The family has served many useful functions throughout history.2. According to the passage, which of the following is an example of the role of the family in given status?A. A child is taught to respect his elders.B. A couple works for several years to save for the purchase of a home.C. A politician makes a campaign commercial with his family.D. A mother comforts a child after he skins his knee.3. It can be concluded from the passage that the family is _____.A. undergoing many changesB. the only useful social institutionC. likely to exist in future societiesD. not the same today as it was in the past4. As it is used in the second paragraph of the passage, the word “mechanism” means ______.A. parts of an organism or system which work togetherB. racial group united by language, religion, customs, etc.C. the people living in one place, district or country, considered as a wholeD. a worker skilled in using or repairing machines or tools5. Based on the information in the passage, you can infer that the passage is _____.A. about the family’s mechanism of species survivalB. about the social, economic, and emotional usefulness of the family throughout human historyC. about duties of the family shared by both husband and wifeD. about the emotional needs received from parents, siblings, and relationsPassage 2In the United States, it is not customary to telephone someone very early in the morning. If you telephone him early in the day, while he is shaving or having breakfast, the time of the call shows that the matter is very important and requires immediate attention. The same meaning is attached to telephone calls made after 11:00 p.m. If someone receives a call during sleeping hours, he assumes it’s a matter of life and death. The time chosen for the call communicates its importance.In social life, time plays a very important part. In the USA guests tend to feel they are not highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date. But it is not true in all countries. In other areas of the world it may be considered foolish to make an appointment too far in advance because plans which are made for a date more than a week away tend to be forgotten. The meaning of time differs in different parts of the world. Thus, misunderstandings arise between people from cultures that treat time differently; promptness (准时) is valued highly in American life, for example. If people are not prompt, they may be regarded as impolite or not fully responsible. In the US no one would think of keeping a business friend waiting for an hour; it would be too impolite. A person who is 5 minutes late is expected to make a short apology. If he is less than 5 minutes late, he will say a few words of explanation, though perhaps he will not complete the sentence.1.“The same meaning is attached to telephone calls made after 11:00 p.m.” Here “attached” means _____.A. takenB. drawnC. givenD. shown2. Supposing one wants to make a telephone call at midnight, this would mean _____.A. the matter is less importantB. the matter is somewhat importantC. the matter requires immediate attentionD. it is a matter of critical importance3. According to this passage, time plays an important role in _____.A. everyday lifeB. private lifeC. communicationsD. transmission4. The best title for this passage is ____.A. The Choices of TimeB. The Saving of TimeC. The Importance of an AnnouncementD. Time and Tide Wait for No Man5. According to the passage, the author of the article may agree with which of the following statements?A. It is appropriate to send your invitation cards three or four days before a dinner party date in the US.B. It may be appropriate to send your invitation cards to your guests three or four days before a dinner party date in some cultures.C. It is best for one to make telephone calls at night because it costs much less.D. If one is less than 5 minutes late, he has to make a short apology.Passage 3Populations tend to grow at an exponential(指数的) rate. This means that they progressively double. As an example of this type of growth rate, take one penny and double it every day for one month. After the first week you would have only 64 cents, but after the fourth week you would have over million dollars.This helps explain why the population has come on “all of a sudden”. It took from the beginning of human life to the year 1830 for the population of the earth to reach one billion. That represents a time span of at least two million years. Then it took from 1830 to 1930 for world population to reach 2 billion. The next billion was added by 1960, only thirty years, and in 1979 world population reached 4 billion, which is another billion people in only fifteen years.World population is increasing at a rate of 9000 per hour, 220 000 per day, 80 million per year. This is not only due to high birth rates, but to lower death rates as well. The number of births has not declined at the same rate as the number of deaths.Some countries, such as Colombia, Thailand, Morocco, Costa Rica, and the Philippines, are doubling their populations about every twenty-one years, with a growth rate of 3.3 percent a year or more. The United States is doubling its population about every eighty-seven years, with a rate of 0.8 percent per year. Every time a population doubles, the country involved needs twice as much of everything, including hospitals, schools, resources, food and medicines to care for its people, it is easy to see that this is very difficult to achieve for the more rapidly growing countries.1.This passage chiefly discusses ______.A. the growth of world population in recent yearsB. one type of the exponential(指数的) rateC. the population problem of the more rapidly growing countriesD. the possible ways of dealing with the rapid population growth2. According to the passage, what helps to explain why the population problem has come on “all of a sudden”?A. The penny which doubles itself every day for one month.B. The time span of at least two million years in human history.C. An illustration of the exponential growth rate given by the author.D. The large amount of money you would luckily make after the fourth week.3. It took ______ for the world to increase its population from 1 billion to 4 billion.A. 100 yearsB. 149 yearsC. 19 yearsD. over two million years4. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. World population is increasing at a rate of 150 per minute.B. Lower death rate also contributes to world population growth.C. The population of Colombia has been doubling every year for 21 years.D. The United States is usually doubling its population about every 87 years.5. When a population doubles, the country involved needs twice as much of everything, including _____.A. hospitals and medicinesB. schools and studentsC. food and manpower resourcesD. all of the above。

在职考研英语阅读理解在职考研英语阅读理解是许多在职人员在准备研究生入学考试时面临的一个挑战。

由于工作繁忙，他们往往缺乏足够的时间和精力来系统地提高英语阅读能力。

然而，阅读理解在考研英语中占有相当大的比重，因此，掌握有效的阅读技巧对于提高考试成绩至关重要。

首先，在职考生需要合理安排时间，制定一个切实可行的学习计划。

每天至少应抽出半小时到一小时的时间来专门练习英语阅读。

可以选择一些与考研英语难度相当的材料，如《经济学人》、《时代周刊》等英文报刊杂志，或者直接使用考研英语的历年真题进行练习。

其次，提高阅读速度和理解能力是关键。

在职考生可以通过练习快速阅读技巧，如略读（skimming）和扫读（scanning），来提高阅读效率。

略读是指快速浏览文章，抓住文章的主旨大意；扫读则是快速查找文章中的特定信息。

这两种技巧可以帮助考生在有限的时间内获取更多的信息。

此外，在职考生还应注意培养自己的词汇量和语法知识。

词汇是阅读理解的基础，而语法则是理解句子结构的关键。

可以通过制作单词卡片、使用词汇学习软件或者阅读英文文章来积累词汇。

同时，定期复习语法规则，并通过练习来巩固语法知识。

在实际的阅读理解练习中，考生应该学会分析文章的结构和逻辑。

通常，文章会有一个清晰的主题句，随后是支持细节。

在职考生应该学会快速识别主题句，并根据逻辑关系理解文章的主要内容。

最后，在职考生在练习阅读理解时，还应该注意培养自己的解题技巧。

在考研英语中，阅读理解部分通常包括主旨大意题、细节理解题、推理判断题和词义猜测题等。

每种题型都有其特定的解题方法，考生需要通过大量的练习来掌握这些技巧。

总之，在职考研英语阅读理解的提高需要考生投入时间和精力，通过合理的学习计划、有效的阅读技巧、词汇和语法知识的积累以及解题技巧的掌握，逐步提高自己的阅读理解能力。

只要坚持不懈，相信每位在职考生都能在考研英语阅读理解中取得理想的成绩。

2023年在职攻读硕士学位硕士全国联考英语试题英语试卷一Part I Dialogue Communication (15 minutes, 15 points)Section A dialogue communicationDirections: In this section, you will read 5 short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the answer that best suits the situation to complete the dialogue. Mark you answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1. Speaker A: Excuse me, but can you tell us where the conference room is?Speaker B: __________ The conference room is located on the third floor of the hotel.A. Of course, sir.B. Yes, please.C. Right, sir.D. You are welcome.2. Speaker A: __________Speaker B: I’m running a temperature, and feel sick.A. What can I do for you?B. What seems to be the trouble?C. What are you doing these days?D. How long has this been going on?3. Speaker A: Nancy, you look very well.Speaker B: Thank you, Jane. You look wonderful too. Your weekend swimming must have done good to you.Speaker A: ______________A. You think so? That’s encouraging.B. That’s very kind of you.C. Are you serious? Thank you anyway.D. Are you kidding? I don’t believe it.4. Speaker A: It took me ten years to build up my business, and it almost killed me.Speaker B: Well, you know what they say: _________A. There is no smoke without fire.B. Practice makes perfect.C. All roads lead to Rome.D. No pains, no gains.5. Speaker A: Don’t you smoke?Speaker B: ______________A. No. Nothing interests me less than smoking.B. Yes. I have never smoked in my life.C. No. Only once in a while.D. Yes. And I hate others smoking in my face.Section B Dialogue ComprehensionDirections: In this section, you will read 5 short conversations between a man and a woman. At the end of each conversation there is a question followed by four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer to the question from the four choices given and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.6. Woman: I just found out at registration that the creative writing class is full. Now I have to waita whole year to get in.Man: Why don’t you check back after the first week? Somebody might drop it.Question: What does the man suggest the woman should do?A. Make sure the registration office didn’t make a mistake.B. Decide whether to drop the course next week.C. Find out if a place opens up in the course later.D. Take the course next year.7. Woman: I want to talk with Tom now.Man: You can’t do that. He is in a bad mood.Question: Why can’t the woman talk to Tom now?A. Tom is terribly ill.B. Tom is in low spirits.C. Tom is bad-tempered.D. Tom is very nervous.8. Woman: You often complain a lot about your boss. But today you are different.Man: We had a heart-to-heart talk and I saw him new eyes.Question: What does the man mean?A. He saw his boss as a real person for the first time.B. He is now complaining in a different way.C. He has made his boss change his attitude.D. He has changed his opinion of his boss.9. Woman: Maybe we should take the front street this morning. The radio announcer said that thetraffic is very heavy on the freeway.Man: Well, if he says to take the front street, we should go the other way.Question: What does the man think of the radio announcer?A. He’s humorous.B. He makes no mistakes.C. He doesn’t speak clearly.D. He’s unreliable.10. Woman: I didn’t see you at the concert last night. What’s wrong with you?Man: That’s not my cup of tea.Question: What does the man mean?A. He is not fond of concerts.B. He didn’t like the tea at the concert.C. He left early to have some tea with somebody else.D. He doesn’t want to tell the woman why he was not there.Part II Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes, 10 points)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.11. The work has __________ the status of a classic among the composer’s admirers.A. requiredB. acquiredC. inquiredD. inspired12. Some people think they can read a man’s ________ from his handwriting.A. attributeB. featureC. propertyD. character13. The young heir was so _______ that he gave all his money away in a couple of years.A. handsomeB. genuineC. talentedD. generous14. Only by understanding the Web deeply _______ hope for people to grasp its full potential.A. can there beB. can be thereC. be there canD. there can be15. What you’re _______ to read may challenge your assumptions about the kind of world we livein.A. aroundB. aheadC. aboveD. about16. The goal is to use crops, weeds and even animal waste _______ the petroleum that fuels muchof American manufacturing.A. in terms ofB. in favor ofC. in spite ofD. in place of17. The _______ he said it he knew what a mistake he had made.A. momentB. timeC. occasionD. hour18. I ________ rather solve the problems in my farm myself than seek the help of other people.A. shouldB. shallC. wouldD. will19. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the _______ that its disadvantagesare far greater than its advantages.A. solutionB. conclusionC. answerD. attention20. By the time you have completed the essential training, you _____ exposed to virtually everynew feature of the course.A. will have beenB. will beC. would have beenD. would be21. Too often teachers’_______ with parents involve complaints about children’s misbehaviorsand laziness.A. acquaintancesB. associationsC. conferencesD. consultations22. _________ I admit that the problems are difficult, I don’t agree that they cannot be solved.A. WhenB. WhereC. WhileD. Why23. He should _______ be allowed to get up until he has completely recovered from his illness.A. in caseB. in any caseC. in that caseD. in no case24. If nature does not provide man with the necessary material, it is the laboratory ________ hewill turn to for it.A. whereB. whichC. thatD. what25. All flights ________ because of the snowstorm, they decided to take the train.A. were cancelledB. have been cancelledC. had been cancelledD. having been cancelled26. I really appreciate ________ to help me, but I am sure that I can manage by myself.A. you to comeB. that you comeC. your comingD. how you come27. A new system of quality control was _________to overcome the shortcomings in the firm’sproducts.A. investedB. informedC. introducedD. instructed28. It may be worthwhile at this moment to_____ and see what results we have got after oneyear’s experiments.A. look backB. look aroundC. look upD. look forward29. I don’t think Mr. Watson will come here again today. Please give the ticket to ________ comeshere first.A. whomeverB. whomC. whoD. whoever30. Far too many owners of electric appliances have a hard time ____ qualified repairmen to fixtheir machines.A. findingB. to findC. to findingD. having foundPart III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes, 40 points)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. Passage OneDon't have time to read anymore? Now you can get free, quick literature via email. More than 100,000 people open their email each day to read a chapter of a book, through Chapter-A-Day, an online book club created two years ago. It's a free email service that provides a short daily reading for busy people, exposing them to literature they may not find on their own, inspiring some to recommit to the reading habit. About 550 public library systems representing over 3,000 branch libraries already have signed up to offer Chapter-A-Day. Via email, participants get about five minutes' worth of reading every day. After three chapters are emailed, the installments stop, and those who want to keep reading can borrow the book at their public library or purchase it online. Chapter-A-Day has eight free book clubs, and sells thousands of books each month.Chapter-A-Day started in 1999 when Suzanne Beecher, a lifelong book lover, realized howmany of the women who worked part-time for her software development company didn't have time in their busy lives to read. She decided to type part of a chapter of a book, and send it to her employees through email. The next day she typed a little more, and continued to send literary installments each day. She says she started getting feedback from the staff about how reading made them feel. “They were interested, and realized that, though they didn't have time in their busy lives for reading, just reading that little bit each day got them back in the habit.” Realizing that many other people could benefit, she decided to take the idea even further and start an email “chapter-a-day” b ook club to help others ease their way back into daily reading. “Reading makes changes in people's lives,” Beecher says.Pat Dempsey, a librarian at a public library in Ohio, has found Chapter-A-Day helps her library clients get back in the habit of r eading. “It's a different way to get people hooked on books,” she says.31. Chapter-A-Day is intended to help people _______.A. get back into the habit of readingB. relieve stress from office workC. find interesting books onlineD. buy books more conveniently32. The passage was written in ___________.A. 1999B. 2023C. 2023D. 202333. It can be inferred that through Chapter-A-Day _________.A. public libraries have become crowded with readersB. Ms Beecher made much money for her software companyC. people begin to read very slowly and patientlyD. people cannot finish reading any book online34. The word “installment” in the passage probably means “ ________. ”A. a library emailB. a rare piece of literatureC. a free novelD. a part of a book35. Ms Beecher decided to expand her Chapter-A-Day service because_____.A. over 3, 000 libraries had joinedB. many other people could benefitC. eight book clubs supported herD. free email service was availablePassage TwoChicago Public Schools are going to great lengths to hire teachers—now the school district recruits teachers from other countries to help solve a shortage of teachers. It all started in 1999, when Rouses Hannon, a math and physics teacher from Palestine(巴勒斯坦), visited Chicago. He read about the teacher shortage at Chicago Public Schools and asked the school board if they’d hire him. The board was interested and decided to create a special program for foreign-born teachers like Hannon, and he was the first teacher hired.The program is called the Global Educator Outreach or GEO, and it’s a partnership between Chicago Public Schools and the U. S. Government. Because the teacher shortage in Chicago is so extreme, the Government allows the school district to temporarily hire foreign teaching candidates using HI-B visas. The Government grants these visas only to skilled foreign-born citizens so they can work in highly specialized jobs that can’t be filled with available U. S. workforce.Through the GEO, the school district has hired dozens of teachers from 22 different countries. Applicants must pass an English language test and specialize in math, science, world language or bilingual(双语旳) education. Hannon and the first GEO teachers started in the classroom at the beginning of the 2023-2023 school year.What do the GEO teachers think of the American classroom? Hannon, who was hired to teach math at Gage Park High School, says classrooms in Chicago are very different from those in Palestine. For one thing, he says, the fixed schedule that forces students to attend the same classes at the same time each day becomes too dull. In Palestine, the class schedule changes each week. He says in Palestine, the culture forces students to work hard because if they don’t they’ll be kicked out and put in vocational schools, which limits their career options. There is not nearly as much pressure for American students to do well. He says he has to do double the amount of work just to get his students interested.36. Chicago Public Schools began to employ foreign teachers because_____.A. there were not enough American teachersB. a program for foreign teachers was startedC. the school board was interested in foreign teachersD. foreign teachers taught better than American teachers.37. The American Government is involved in the program because _______.A. the schools are public schoolsB. the Government is to finance the programC. the Government grants visas to the foreign teachersD. the program involves bilingual education38. It seems that the Global Educator Outreach will_____.A. be difficult to continueB. last a limited period of timeC. pose a threat to US workforceD. be extended to other cities39. Chicago Public Schools do not seem to lack teachers of _______.A. EnglishB. mathC. scienceD. world language40. Hannon, as a GEO teacher, has found that _______.A. class schedules in America and Palestine are very much the sameB. fixed class schedules make it easy for teachers to prepare lessonsC. vocational schools offer a good career option for American studentsD. American students do not work as hard as Palestinian students Passage ThreeWorkforce is defined as the total number of people who are available to work and earn incomes. The definition includes everyone who is employed or seeking paid employment, so it includes employers and the self-employed.Although the size of the workforce depends a great deal on the size of the total population, there are several other influences which also affect it. The age distribution of the total population has a very marked effect on the available workforce. If the population has a high proportion of very young people or of those too old to work, then the available workforce would be lower than if there were an evenly spread age distribution. If the population grows rapidly from natural increase, i.e., the number of births greatly exceeds the number of deaths, then as the total population increases, the proportion in the workforce declines.Sometimes a population is described as aging, which means that the birth rate is either falling or growing very slowly, and as people retire from the workforce, there are not enough young people entering it to replace those who are leaving it. The population is top-heavy with older people. So the percentage of the population in the workforce declines when there is either a rapid increase in births or a falling birth rate.The age distribution of the population has several important effects on the economy. If the population is aging and there is an increase in the number of people retiring without a corresponding increase in the number entering the workforce, this raises the problem of the ability of the economy to provide a reasonable level of social services to the retired group. If the aged are to be cared for in special homes or hotels, finances must be available for that purpose. If the size of the workforce is small relative to the total population, then the government tax receipts arerelatively low and either the government has less money available to it or the workforce members have to be taxed more heavily.41. Workforce is composed of _________.A. both the employed and the self-employedB. people employed to work for othersC. both employers and employeesD. people available to work and earn incomes42. The factor that does not influence the size of the workforce is _______.A. the size of the total populationB. the age distribution of a populationC. the national economyD. the natural population growth43. It can be concluded from Paragraph 2 that ________.A. a population growth leads to a greater proportion of workforceB. a large population does not necessarily mean a high proportion of workforceC. the size of the aged determines the proportion of workforceD. the proportion of the very young determines the size of workforce44. The size of the workforce declines when ________.A. many people reach the retiring ageB. the birth rate falls rapidlyC. the number of retirees exceeds that of new workersD. the death rate increases45. The last paragraph focuses on _______.A. the factors that influence the workforce structureB. the importance of workforce distribution to the economyC. the relationship between age distribution and economyD. the influence of population growth on the national economyPassage FourHonesty is the best policy, as the English saying goes. Unfortunately, honesty often deserts us when no one is watching, British psychologists reported last week.Researchers at UK’s Newcastle University set up an experiment in their psychology depar tment’s coffee room. They set a kettle, with tea, coffee and milk on the counter and hung up a sign listing the prices for drinks. People helping themselves to a cup of drink were supposed to put a few cents in the box nearby. The scientists hung a poster above the money box, and it changed each week between images of gazing eyes and pictures of flowers. The researchers found that staff paid 2.76 times more for their drinks when the image of the eyes was hung. “Frankly we were shocked by the size of the effect,” said Gilbert Roberts, one of the researchers.Eyes are known to be a powerful perceptual(感官旳) signal for humans. “Even though the eyes were not real, they still seemed to make people behave more honestly,” said Melissa Bateson,a behavioral biologist and leader of the study.Researchers believe the effect sheds light on our evolutionary past. It may arise from behavioral features that developed when early humans formed social groups to strengthen their chances of survival. For social groups to work, individuals had to co-operate, rather than act selfishly. “There’s an argument that if nobody is watching us, it is in our interests to behave selfishly. But when we’re being watched we should behave better. So people see us as co-operative and behave the same way towards us,” Bateson said.The new finding indicates that people have a striking response to eyes. That might be because eyes and faces send a strong biological signal we have evolved to respond to. The finding could be put to practical use, too. For example, images of eyes could increase ticket sales on public transport and improve supervision systems to prevent antisocial behavior.46. The experiment conducted in Newcastle University shows that ________.A. people enjoy free drinks more than paid onesB. most people are dishonest if nobody is watchingC. people like pictures of flowers more than pictures of eyesD. people are more honest when watched by pictures of eyes47. Gilbert Roberts was shocked because _______ _.A. so many people had participated in the experimentB. so many of the participants were dishonestC. the effects of the pictures of flowers and gazing eyes were so differentD. the effects of eyes and other perceptual signals were so powerful48. The phrase “sheds light on” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”.A. hints atB. makes clearerC. points toD. further proves49. According to the passage, early humans _________.A. were less selfish than the present-day peopleB. were more co-operative in natureC. had to be co-operative to surviveD. had to behave better than the present-day people50. Images of eyes could be put up in the following places EXCEPT _________.A. subway entrancesB. supermarketsC. back streetsD. hotel bedroomsPart IV Cloze Test (15 minutes, 10 points)Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each numbered blank, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.German zoologist Randolf Menzel says bees aren’t as busy as people believe they are. “Bees are not particularly ___51___. Instead they sleep a lot and are lazy. They spend ___52___ 80 percent of the night sleeping. Even during the day they often fly to the nest ___53___ they rest their wings,” said Menzel, a zoologist at the Free University in Berlin, who has studied bees forfour decades. But to ___54___ for their apparent laziness, they are actually very intelligent. They are ___55___ learners and able to recognize various smells.Menzel said bees’ learning, like ___56___ of many animals, was based on a reward system. “If a bee is rewarded once for something, it remembers it for a week. But if it is rewarded three times, it will remember it for its ___57___ lifetime,” said Menzel who, last week, was awarded a ___58___ by the German Zoological Society.The memory capacity of bees means they can ___59___ among more than 50 different smells to find the one they want. “What is interesting is that what smells good to a bee, is also a ___60___ smell for humans,” said Menzel.51. A. working hard B. hard working C. hardly working D. working hardly52. A. as to B. as much C. up to D. such as53. A. what B. to which C. in that D. where54. A. compensate B. provide C. search D. account55. A. rapid B. swift C. speedy D. quick56. A. those B. which C. that D. what57. A. full B. integrated C. all D. entire58. A. prize B. praise C. price D. pride59. A. discriminate B. distinguish C. divide D. derive60. A. sickening B. pleasant C. harsh D. graceful英语试卷二Part V Translation (30 minutes, 10 points)Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and put your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.Each year in the United States more people are killed or injured in accidents—at home, at work or school, at play, or while traveling—than were killed or injured in the Vietnam war. In the early 1990s, about half of these accidental deaths were the result of motor-vehicle accidents. Other major causes of accidental deaths were falls, fires, and poisoning. On a worldwide basis, accidents involving motor vehicles are the primary cause of accidental deaths, followed by accidents in industry and in the home.Efforts to lessen or to eliminate the hazardous conditions that cause accidents are known as safety measures. Safety is a growing concern around the world, and safety skills are being taken more seriously today than ever before. People have came to realize that safety skills can be learned, and most safety experts agree that it is possible to predict, and take steps to prevent, the majority of accidents. Few accidents simply “happen”. Most are caused by ignorance, carelessness, neglect, or lack of skill.Part VI Writing (30 minutes, 15 points)Directions: You are to write in no less than 120 words about the topic “On the Significance of the Qing-Zang Railroad”. Your composition should be based on the Chinese clues given below.青藏铁路于今年7月1日通车。

在职教育硕士联考英语阅读训练及答案（二）After a busy day of work and play, the body needs to rest. Sleep is necessary for good health. During this time, the body recovers from the activities of the previous day. The rest that you get while sleeping enables your body to prepare itself for the next day.There are four levels of sleep, each being a little deeper than the one before. As you sleep, your muscles relax little by little. Your heart beats more slowly, and your brain slows down. After you reach the fourth level, your body shifts back and forth from one level of sleep to the other.Although your mind slows down, from time to time you will dream. Scientists who study sleep state that when dreaming occurs, your eyeballs begin to move more quickly (although your eyelids are closed). This stage of sleep is called REM, which stands for rapid eye movementIf you have trouble falling asleep, some people recommend breathing very slowly and very deeply. Otherpeople believe that drinking warm milk will help make you drowsy. There is also an old suggestion that counting sheep will put you to sleep!1. A good title for this passage is ___.A. SleepC. DreamsB. Good HealthD. Work and Rest参考答案：A2. The word drowsy in the last paragraph means ___.A. sickC. asleepB. stand upD. a little sleepy参考答案：D3. This passage suggests that not getting enough sleep might make you ___.A. dream more oftenC. nervousB. have poor healthD. breathe quickly参考答案：B4. During REM, ___.A. your eyes move quicklyC. you are restlessB. you dreamD. both A and B参考答案：D5. The average number of hours of sleep that an adult needs is ___.A. approximately six hoursC. about eight hoursB. around ten hoursD. not stated here参考答案：D。

阅读精编50篇Test1Passage1When calling attention to public health problems,we must not mis-use the word“epidemic.”But there is no better word to describe the600-percent increase since1950in women’s death rates for lung cancer,a disease primarily caused by cigarette smoking.Clearly,smoking-related disease among women is a full-blown epidemic.Smoking is the most preventable cause of early death in this country.According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC),smoking-related diseases causes the deaths of about178,000 women in the U.S.each year.On average,these women died14.5years earlier because they smoked.The most recent CDC survey(from2008)showed that more than1in6American women aged18 years or older(18.3%)smoked cigarettes.The highest rates were seen among American-Indian and Alaska-Native women(22.4%),followed by white(20.6%),African-American(17.8%),Hispanic (10.7%),and Asian women(4.7%).The less education a woman has,the more likely it is she will smoke.For instance,women with less than a high school education are more than twice as likely to smoke as college graduates.Overall,women are less likely to smoke than men.But it has been found that smoking is more popular among younger than older women.This is an alarming trend that will affect the future health of these young women.About21%of women ages25to44smoke;only about8%of women65and over do.If these younger women continue to smoke as they get older,they will have more smoking-related illness and disability.Smoking rates are slightly lower among women aged18to24,about19%.Women who smoke nearly always begin as teenagers--usually before high school graduation.And the younger a girl is when she starts,the more heavily she is likely to use tobacco as an adult.Teenage girls are just as likely to smoke as boys.The most recent CDC surveys showed that19%of female high school students and6%of middle school girls had smoked at least one cigarette in the past30days.1.What does the word“epidemic”probably mean?A.wrong doingsB.health issuesC.people’s attentionD.a disease that is prevalent2.What does the sentence underlined mean?A.epidemic is available here to depict the truth of women’s death rates for lung cancer.B.none words can describe the women’s death rates for lung cancer.C.There does exist a better words to describe the women’s death rates for lung cancer.D.epidemic is not a better word to describe the women’s death rates for lung cancer.3.What can we learn from the second paragraph?A.smoking is one of the factors responsible for early death in this country.B.smoking can not be avoidable in this country.C.smoking women will definitely die early.D.These women who begin smoking will die after14.5years.4.Which is the following is true?A.women who receive less education are more likely prone to smoking.B.college students have strong sense of opposing smoking.C.more are being found to smoke among older women than those of younger ones.D.the number of women who begin smoking between18and24dropped greatly.5.In the last paragraph,what is the purpose of showing the survey?A.to show the percentage of women who are smoking.B.women begin to smoke in university.C.Teenage girls are just as likely to smoke as boys.D.women begin smoking heavily when they begin adult.Passage2As providers and caretakers,adults tend to view the world of children as happy and carefree.After all,kids don’t have jobs to keep or bills to pay,so what could they possibly have to worry about? Plenty!Even very young children have worries and feel stress to some degree.Stress is a function of the demands placed on us and our ability to meet them.Pressures often come from outside sources,but they can also come from within.The pressure we place on ourselves can be most significant because there is often a discrepancy between what we think we ought to be doing and what we are actually doing in our lives.Stress can affect anyone who feels overwhelmed—even kids.In preschoolers,separation from parents can cause anxiety.As kids get older,academic and social pressures create stress.Many kids are too busy to have time to play creatively or relax after school.Kids who complain about the number of activities they’re involved in or refuse to go to them may be signaling that they’re overscheduled.Talk with your kids about how they feel about extracurricular activities.If they complain,discuss the pros and cons of quitting one activity.If quitting isn’t an option,explore ways to help manage your child’s time and responsibilities so that they don’t create so much anxiety.Kids’stress may be intensified by more than just what’s happening in their own lives.Do your kids hear you talking about troubles at work,worrying about a relative’s illness,or fighting with your spouse about financial matters?Parents should watch how they discuss such issues when their kids are near because children will pick up on their parents’anxieties and start to worry themselves.World news can cause stress.Kids who see disturbing images on TV or hear talk of natural disasters may worry about their own safety and that of the people they love.Talk to your kids about what they see and hear,and monitor what they watch on TV so that you can help them understand what’s going on.Also,be aware of complicating factors,such as an illness,death of a loved one,or a divorce. When these are added to the everyday pressures kids face,the stress is magnified.Even the most amicable divorce can be a difficult experience for kids because their basic security system—their family—is undergoing a tough change.6.What does the first paragraph want to convey?A.Kids will easily suffer stress too.B.children are happy and carefree all the time.C.very young children do not have worries and stress at any time.D.kids don’t have stress because they don’t have to work7.Which is the following is true?A.only young children have worries and feel stress to some degree.B.the stress is magnified only when the children are being scolded.C.Pressures of children not only come from outside sources but also from inside ones.D.the pressure we place on ourselves does not matter at all.8.Why is the pressure we place on ourselves can be most significant?A.Because difference exists between what we think we should do and what we actually do in ourlives.B.Because pressure often come from outside sources.C.Because pressure often come from inside sources.D.Nobody can escape from pressure.9.What does the word Overwhelmed mean?A.stressedB.over pleasedC.angryD.upset10.What is the main idea of the passage?A.How kid’s stress are intensified.B.How the stress is magnified.C.World news can cause stress.D.Sources of Stress of kids and ways to do with it.Passage3Biologically,there is only one quality which distinguishes us from animals:the ability to laugh.In a divide world,laughter is a unifying force.Human beings oppose each other on a great many issues. Nations may disagree about systems of government and human relations may be plagued by ideological factions and political camps,but we all share the ability to laugh.And laughter,in turn,depends on that most complex and subtle of all human qualities:a sense of humor.Certain comic stereotypes have a universal appeal.This can best be seen from the worldwide popularity of Charlie Chaplin’s early films. The little man at odds with society never fails to amuse no matter which country we come from.A sense of humor may take various forms and laughter may be anything from a refined tingle to an earth quaking roar,but the effect is always the same.Humor helps us to maintain a correct sense of values.It is the one quality which political fanatics appear to lack.If we can see the funny side,we never make the mistake of taking ourselves too seriously.We are always reminded that tragedy is not really far removed from comedy,so we never get a lot sided view of things.This is one of the chief functions of satire and irony.Human pain and suffering are so grim;we hover so often on the brink of war;political realities are usually enough to plunge us into total despair. In such circumstances,cartoons and satirical accounts of somber political events redress the balance. They take the wind out of pompous and arrogant politicians who have lost their sense of proportion. They enable us to see that many of our most profound actions are merely comic or absurd.We laugh when a great satirist like Swift writes about war in Gulliver’s Travels.The Lilliputians and their neighbors attack each other because they can’t agree which end to break an egg.We laugh because we meant to laugh;but we are meant to weep too.It is too powerful a weapon to be allowed to flourish in totalitarian regimes.11.The most important of all human qualities is_____.A.a sense of humorB.A sense of satireC.A sense of laughterD.A sense of history12.The author mentions about Charlie Chaplin’s early films because______.A.they can amuse peopleB.Human beings are different from animalsC.They show that certain comic stereotypes have a universal appealD.They show that people have the same ability to laugh13.One of the chief functions of irony and satire is______.A.to show absurdity of actionsB.to compensate balanceC.to take the wind out of politiciansD.to show too much grimness in the world14.What do we learn from the sentence“it is too powerful a weapon to be allowed to flourish intotalitarian regimes?”A.It can reveal the truth of political events with satire.B.It can arouse people to riot.C.It shows tragedy and comedy are related.D.It can make people laugh.15.Who is Swift?A.A novelistB.A poetC.A dramatistD.An essayistPassage4Endangered species are plants and animals that are in immediate danger of extinction.Extinction is actually a normal process in the course of evolution.Since the formation of the earth,many more species have become extinct than those exist today.These species slowly disappeared because of change of climate and their failure to adapt to such conditions as competition and predation.Since the 1600s,however,the process of extinction has greatly accelerated as a result of both human population growth and technological encroachment on natural ecology systems.Today the majority of the world’s environments are changing faster than the ability of most species to adapt to such changes through natural selection.Species become extinct or endangered for number of reasons,but the primary cause is the destruction of natural habitats.Drainage of wetlands,cutting and clearing of forests,growth of cities, and highway and dam construction have seriously reduced available natural habitats.As the various surroundings become fragments,the remaining animal population crowd into smaller areas,causing further destruction of natural surroundings.Species in these small“islands”lose contact with other populations of their extinction.Some private and government efforts have been organized to save declining ws were made in some countries in the early1900s to protect wild animals from commercial trade and killing. International endeavors are shown in the convention on International Trade in Endangered Species, approved by51nations.Its purpose is to restrict exploitation of wild animals and plants by regulatingand restricting trade in certain species.How effective such laws will be in various countries,however, depends on enforcement and support by the people and the courts.Because of lack of law enforcement, the willingness of some segments of society to trade in endangered species,the activities of people who catch and kill animals illegally and dealers who supply the trade,the future of many species is in doubt in spite of legal protection.16.According to the passage,which of the following is the most important factor causing the rapidextinction of many species since the17th century?A.Human beings are not aware of the importance of preserving endangered species.B.Some endangered species have already reached the end of their life span in evolution.C.The development of human society has greatly affected natural ecology systems.D.The world’s climate has changed greatly that most species cannot survive.17.In the last sentence of the second paragraph,the word“islands”refers to______.A.the lands that are completely surrounded by waterB.the wild animals’breeding grounds protected by lawC.the pieces of land separated by modern buildings and roadsD.the small and isolated areas inhabited by certain species18.This passage mentions all of the following causes for the extinction of many species EXCEPT______.A.natural selection of speciesB.various natural disastersmercial trade and killingD.destruction of natural surroundings19.According to the passage,which of the following is most important in saving declining species?ernments should make some laws to protect endangered species.B.People should pay more attention to the protection of natural surroundings.C.Relevant law must be made and enforced with the support of the people.D.Some organizations should warn people not to trade in endangered animals.20.How does the author feel about the prospect of protecting endangered species from being extinct?A.WorriedB.OptimisticC.IndifferentD.ConfidentTest2Passage1Britons are increasingly entertaining guests at home with dinner,film and karaoke nights,inspired by television shows on cookery and home entertainment,according to a survey.More than half(53percent)of the respondents to a poll of1,000Britons across the country said they now prefer to spend quality time with family and friends by inviting them over to their homes rather than meeting in bars and restaurants,the survey by mobile phone operator T-Mobile showed.Popular television shows such as“Come Dine With Me,”where amateur chefs attempt to show each other with their cooking skills,“Master Chef”where ordinary people compete to cook to Michelin standards and a number of celebrity cookery shows have inspired Britons to entertain at home.The poll showed that nearly a third of respondents had splashed out cash for home entertainment improvements such as sofas,dining tables,games consoles and bigger televisions to impress the guests.“Over the last couple of years,my clients have increasingly asked for home parties rather than ones at independent venues,”party planning expert Liz Brewer said in a statement accompanying the poll’s results.“This is not only due to the recession but because many have become increasingly house-proud and keen to show off their cooking skills,in addition to their latest home entertainment purchases.”Celebrity chef Jamie Oliver was the top choice for dream host of respondents,while Prime Minister Gordon Brown was one of the least favored,alongside his rival Conservative leader David Cameron.1.What does the word“entertain”mean?A.hostB.enjoyC.enrollD.recruit2.What does the phrase“quality time”mean?A.precious timeB.much timeC.good quality timeD.limited time3.Which is the following is not true?A.Many respondents involved in the poll prefer inviting guests to meeting in bars and restaurants.B.half of the respondents in a poll said they now like to spend quality time with family and friendsC.“Come Dine with Me,”involved cooking skills.D.“Master Chef”inspired Britons to welcome gusts at home.4.What does the“splash out”most probably mean?A.crushB.waste moneyC.ashD.blush5.Over the last couple of years,why do clients have increasingly asked for home parties rather than ones at independent venues?A.recession and their willingness to show their cooking skillsB.it is more healthy to eat at homeC.it is cleaner to eat at homeD.it can create harmonious atmospherePassage2In November1965,New York was blacked out by an electricity failure.The authorities promised that it would not happen again.Pessimists were certain that it would occur again within five years at the latest.In July1997,there was a repeat performance which produced varying degrees of chaos throughout the city of eight million people.In1965,the failure occurred in the cool autumn and at a time of comparative prosperity.In1997,the disaster was much more serious because it came when unemployment was high and the city was suffering from one of its worst heat waves.In1965,there was little crime or looting during the darkness,and fewer than a hundred people were arrested.In1997,hundreds of stores were broken into and looted.Looters smashed shop windows and helped themselves to jewelry,clothes or television sets.Nearly4,000people were arrested but far more disappeared into the darkness of the night.The number of policemen available was quite inadequate and they wisely refrained from using their guns against mobs which far outnumbered them and included armed men.Hospitals had to treat hundreds of people cut by glass from shop windows.Banks and most businesses remained closed the next day.The blackout started at9:30p.m.,when lightning hit and knocked out vital cables.Many stores were thus caught by surprise.The vast majority of New Yorkers,however,were not involved in looting.They helped strangers, distributed candles and batteries,and tried to survive in a nightmare world without traffic lights, refrigerator,elevators,water and electrical power.For twenty-four hours,New York realized how helpless it was without electricity.6.From the first paragraph,we know that_____were right.A.the authoritiesB.the pessimistsC.both the authorities and the pessimistsD.neither the authorities nor the pessimists7.In what way was the blackout of1997not really a repeat performance?A.There was much more disorder.B.This time the electricity supply failed.C.It was quite unexpected.D.It did not occur within five years of1965.8.As far as maintaining the peace was concerned,conditions in1997were comparatively_____.A.more favorableB.less favorableC.unchargedD.improved9.What caused the blackout in July1997?A.Excessive heat probably made people switch on too many electrical appliances.B.Because of unemployment,some machines were not in proper working order.C.During a storm,lightning damaged supply cables.D.The passage does not mention the cause.10.Why did many looters escape at last?A.The police could not see them in the dark.B.Many of the looters were armed with guns.C.There were not enough policemen to catch them all.D.They were hidden inside big buildings.Passage3Greece,economically,is in the black.With very little to export other than such farm products as tobacco,cotton and fruit,the country earns enough from‘invisible earnings’to pay for its needed, growing imports.From the sending out of things the Greeks,earn only$285million;from tourism, shipping and the remittances of Greeks abroad,the country takes in an additional#375million and this washes out the almost$400million by which imports exceed exports.It has a balanced budget.Although more than one drachma out of four goes for defense,the government ended a recent year with a slight surplus—$66million.Greece has a decent reserve of almost a third of a billion dollars in gold and foreign exchange.It has a government not dependent on coalescing incompatible parties to obtain parliamentary majorities.In thus summarizing a few happy highlights,I don’t mean to minimize the vast extent of Greece’s problems.It is the poorest country by a wide margin in Free Europe,and poverty is widespread.At best an annual income of$60to$70is the lot of many a peasant,and substantial unemployment plagues the countryside,cities,and towns of Greece.There are few natural resources on which to build anysubstantial industrial base.Some years ago I wrote here:“Greek statesmanship will have to create an atmosphere in which home and foreign savings will willingly seek investment opportunities in the back ward economy of Greece.So far,most American and other foreign attempt have bogged down in the Greek government’s red tape and shrewdness about small points.”Great strides have been made.As far back as1956,expanding tourism seemed a logical way to bring needed foreign currencies and additional jobs to Greece.At that time I talked with the Hilton Hotel people,who had been examining hotel possibilities,and to the Greek government division responsible for this area of the economy.They were hopelessly deadlocked in almost total differences of opinion and outlook.Today most of the incredibly varied,beautiful,historical sights of Greece have new,if in many cases modest,tourist facilities.Tourism itself has jumped from approximately$31million to over$90million. There is both a magnificent new Hilton Hotel in Athens and a completely modernized,greatly expanded Grande Bretagne,as well as other first-rate new hotels.And the advent of jets has made Athens as accessible as Paris or Rome—without the sky-high prices of traffic-choked streets of either.11.The title below that best expresses the ideas of this passage is______.A.Greek income and expendituresB.The improving economic situation in GreeceC.The value of tourismitary expenditures12.Many peasants earn less than______.A.$60a weekB.$2a weekC.$1a dayD.$10a month13.The Greek Government spends______.A.more than25%of its budget on military termsB.More than its collectsC.A third of a billion dollars in goldD.Less than25%of its budget on military terms14.According to the passage,Greece has______.A.a dictatorshipB.a monarchyC.a single majority partyD.too much red tape15.Greece imports annually goods and materials______.A.totaling almost$700millionB.that balance exportsC.that are paid by touristsD.costing$66millionPassage4The New York Times recently reported that American teens are hugging practically everyone they see.Say goodbye to the greetings of the past,from the hands-off“What’s up!”to the handshake or high-five.For young people across the country,hugging is the new“Hello”.Girls are hugging girls.Boys are hugging boys.Girls and boys are hugging each other.And,like every major trend,there are lots of variations on the form.There’s the classic,full-body,arms-around-the-person bear hug,the casual one-armed side hug,the group hug and the hug from behind.There is the handshake that turns into a hug and the hug that turns into a pat on the back.As trends go,this one seems pretty innocent.But some parents,teachers and school administrators are worried nonetheless.Will young people who aren’t as comfortable with physical contact feel peer pressured into hugging?Will kids who don’t receive hugs feel left Out?Could an extra-long hug slide into the more ominous territory of sexual harassment?In response to some of these concerns,some schools have set up new rules to limit or eliminate hugging.A few important points are being left out of the discussion.While the US has traditionally been reserved about touching—saving hugs and kisses for relatives,romantic partners and very close friends—people in many other parts of the world have been greeting each other this way for ages.Latin American men are more likely to shake hands when greeting other men,but in some countries like Turkey,it’s not unusual for men who know each other well to exchange kisses on the cheek.Meanwhile,for the Maori people of New Zealand,a traditional greeting called the“hongi”involves pressing noses together.So,from a global perspective,the new trend of teen hugging in America is not so“new”after all. People all around the world move in close to say hello,and Americans are just now joining in.16.The word“practically”in the first paragraph could be best replaced by______.A.certainlyB.nearlyC.activelyD.voluntarily17.Which of the following is NOT among the typical ways of greetings in the past?A.hands off“What’s up”B.handshakeC.high-fiveD.embrace18.Some parents,teachers and school administrators concern the new trend of hugging for thefollowing reasons EXCEPT______.A.Some young people get involved into the trend due to peer pressure.B.Those who don’t receive hugs feel left out.C.There is the danger that hugging slide into the more ominous territory of sexual harassment.D.Diseases could be transmitted more easily through the extra-long body contact.19.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A.Teenagers across the US hug everyone they see in nearly the same way.B.Although some adults worry about the trend,few measures have been taken to ban on it.C.Traditionally,the US people have been reserved about hugging between anybody.D.In some countries,it is men to kiss each other on the cheek.20.We can infer that the author holds a______attitude toward the new trend of hugging.A.positiveB.negativeC.indifferentD.conservativeTest3Passage1Simply saying“thank you”may benefit both the recipient and the person who express gratitude, according to the results of studies conducted by researchers at Florida State University in Tallahassee.The studies,published in the latest issue of Psychological Science,found that saying“thank you”strengthens relationships by causing the person expressing thanks to feel more responsible for the recipient’s welfare.In one study,137college students completed a survey regarding how often they expressed gratitude to a friend or partner.Results showed that gratitude was positively linked with the person’s perception of the“communal”strength.In another study involving218college students,expressing gratitude found the expresser’s perception of the relationship’s strength over time was boosted.In the third study,75men and women were randomly assigned to one of four groups.Over a three-week period,one group expressed gratitude to a friend;another thought grateful thoughts about a friend,while a third thought about daily activities and a fourth had positive interactions with a friend. Those who expressed gratitude reported stronger relationships at the end of study than those in the other groups.Gratitude,when expressed,boosted communal strength,according to the study’s lead author, Nathaniel Lambert,a research associate at the University.He said the findings make sense because“when you express gratitude to someone,you are focusing on the good things that person has done for you,”he said.“It makes you see them in a more positive light and helps you to focus on their good traits.”Lambert said his research team tested the idea that:“The person doing the thanking comes to perceive the relationship as more communal,to see the person as more worthwhile to make a sacrifice for,to go the extra mile to help out”.Although the studies only looked at the people expressing gratitude,Lambert speculated that,“those who are being thanked will often feel an urge to reciprocate.They will want to express their gratitude back.It can become kind of an upward spiral.”1.What does“the person”in the first sentence refer to?A.the recipientB.the person who say“thank you”C.researchersD.the author2.How can saying“thank you”strengthen relationships?A.by making people more ready for the friendshipB.by way of making people who say“thank you”feel more responsible for the recipient’s welfareC.by saying repeatedlyD.by the expressions between close friends3.What were the three different studies conducted for?A.To show how many people have said“thank you”all the time.B.To present the positive phenomena in society.C.To make the way in which expressing gratitude helps deepen relationships clear.D.To make it clear that whether expressing gratitude can help deepen relationships.4.What does the word“reciprocate”mean?A.thank backB.receiptC.acceptD.reception5.What does the author’s attitude towards“saying thank you”?A.negativeB.indifferentC.positiveD.horrifying。

2023年在职硕士考研英语二真题及答案解析考研教育英语教研室Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.Today is no different，with academics，writers，and activists once again 1 that technology is replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 . A few wealthy people will own all the capital， and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland..A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort，one 4 by purposelessness：Without jobs to give their lives 5 ，people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6 today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression， double the rate for 7 Americans. Also， some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality，mental-health problems，and addicting9 poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizingdullness of a jobless future.But it doesn’t 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work， a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. Today， the 15 of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring，degrading，unhealthy，and a waste of human potential，” says John Danaher， a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days， because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers， people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s work， I often feel 18 ，” Danaher says， adding，“In a world in which I don’t have to work，I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters.1. [A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring[答案][C] warning2. [A] inequality [B] instability [C] unreliability [D] uncertainty[答案][A] inequality3. [A] policy [B]guideline [C] resolution [D] prediction[答案][D] prediction4. [A] characterized [B]divided [C] balanced [D]measured[答案][A] characterized5. [A] wisdom [B] meaning [C] glory [D] freedom[答案][B] meaning6. [A] Instead [B] Indeed [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless[答案][B] Indeed7. [A] rich [B] urban [C]working [D] educated[答案][C] working8. [A] explanation [B] requirement [C] compensation [D] substitute[答案][A] explanation9. [A] under [B] beyond [C] alongside [D] among[答案][D] among10. [A] leave behind [B] make up [C] worry about [D] set aside[答案][C] worry about11. [A] statistically [B] occasionally [C] necessarily [D] economically[答案][C] necessarily12. [A] chances [B] downsides [C] benefits [D] principles[答案][B] downsides13. [A] absence [B] height [C] face [D] course[答案][A] absence14. [A] disturb [B] restore [C] exclude [D] yield[答案][D] yield15. [A] model [B] practice [C] virtue [D] hardship[答案][C] virtue16. [A] tricky [B] lengthy [C] mysterious [D] scarce[答案][D] scarce17. [A] demands [B] standards [C] qualities [D] threats[答案][A] demands18. [A] ignored [B] tired [C] confused [D] starved[答案][B] tired19. [A] off [B] against [C] behind [D] into[答案][D] into20. [A] technological [B] professional [C] educational [D] interpersonal [答案][B] professional试题精析[答案][C] warning考点：上下文语义理解解析：空格之后旳宾语从句部分“technology is replacing human workers.”结合选项，应当选择warning。

在职硕士英语阅读理解练习和答案四For the person keeping a journal, whatever he experiences and wants to hold he can write down. But to get it down on paper begins another adventure. For he has to focus on what he has experienced, and to be able to say what, in fact, the experience is. What of it is new? What of it is remarkable because of associations in the memory it stirs up? Is it a good or bad thing to have happened? And why, specifically? The questions multiply themselves quickly. As one tries to find the words that best represent this discovery, the experience becomes even more clear in its shape and meaning.Beyond the value of the journal as record, there is the value of the discipline it teaches. The journalist begins to pay closer attention to what happens to and around himself. He develops and sharpens his skills of observation. He learns the usefulness of languages as a means of representing what he sees, andgains skill and certainty in the expression of his experiences. To have given up one’s experien ce to words is to have begun marking out the limits and potential of its meaning. In the journal that meaning is developed and clarified to oneself. When the intention of the development of that meaning is the consideration of another reader, the method of the journal redirects itself and it becomes the essay.1. The author thinks of keeping a journal as _____.[A] an association[B] an adventure[C] a discovery[D] an observation2. According to the author,keeping a journal is good for _____.[A] observation and expression[B] certainly and discipline[C] experience and adventure[D] consideration and development3. By keeping a journal,one can _____.[A] develop the usefulness of language[B] develop his memory[C] charify the consideration to everyone[D] have a thorough understanding of his experience4. According to the writer,which of the following statements is NOT correct?[A] The journalist can express what has happened.[B] A journal can serve as a record of the past happening.[C] The journalist must be able to observe closely.[D] Writing helps develop the consideration of others.5. The passage is mainly about _____.[A] how to write a journal[B] the expressions of a journal[C] the values of keeping a journal[D] how to solve the problems in a journal参考答案：B A D D CThere were several reasons why the Industrial Revolution started in Great Britain rather than in France, the other great powers of the day. In the firstplace, Britain had the money necessary to finance the larger enterprises. England’s supremacy on the seas had encouraged commerce, and Englishmen had been amassing wealth through there commerce and industry. The newly rich class in that country were not the aristocratic group, but merchants and businessmen who were willing to devote themselves to industry and scientific agriculture. The wealth of France, on the other hand, was largely in the hands of the nobility, and they were not willing to do the necessary work to develop industry. In the second place, Great Britain had undertaken very early the manufacturing of inexpensive and more practical products for which there would be ever-growing demand from the people, especially the new middle class. On the other hard, France produced articles in the luxury class. These could never be turned out in quantities because they demanded individuality. England was the producer of goods that were produced in quantities, and if she could find a cheaper means of producing them, her markets would grow. So she was ready for methods that would make it possible to manufacture in large quantities. In thethird place, for a long time England had large numbers of semiskilled workers. When the feudal system broke down in England and the manors were turned to sheep raising, numbers of Englishmen went to the towns. There they engaged in weaving, making shows, wood carving and many other occupations that developed skills. When the industrial revolution began, these men were available for the work on the new machines. Moreover they were free men who could move from place to place as the need for workers arose. This had not been the case in France, which was still chiefly an agricultural country with peasants bound to their masters in many ways so they could not easily move to the cities. In the fourth place, coal was abundant in Great Britain, and a large amount of this cheap fuel was necessary for ruing the factories. There was coal in northern France, too, but France was late in tapping such resources because really everyone depended directly or indirectly on farming for his living.1. Britain had the money necessary to develop industry because _____.[A] Britain was much wealthier than France at that time[B] Britain government encouraged the development of industry[C] The merchants and businessmen were willing to fiancee the industry[D] The aristocratic group was willing to develop the industry2. According to the passage, French people attached importance to _____.[A] the quantities of the articles[B] the individuality of the articles[C] the practicality of the articles[D] the price of the articles3. Which of the following statements is true?[A] The wealth of France was largely in the hands of new middle class.[B] French people were bound to the new machines.[C] France was more likely to produce goods in qualities.[D] France could not get free workers necessary to the industry.4. When the industrial revolution began, Englishmen _____.[A] were busy amassing wealth through commerce and industry[B] had found a cheaper means of producing goods needed in qualities[C] depended on farming for their living[D] could move from plae to place as the need for workers arose5. What can be inferred from the passage?[A] The demand for luxury goods was limited.[B] Industrial Revolution was the result of the interaction of various factors.[C] French people farming to industry and commerce.[D] Coal was very important to people’s life.参考答案：C B D D BHow men first learnt to invent words is unknown; in other words, the origin of language is a mystery. All we really known is that men, unlike animals, somehow invented certain sounds to express thoughts and feelings, actions, and things, so that they couldcommunicate with each other; and that later they agreed upon certain signs, called letters, which could be combined to represent those sounds, and which could be written down, these sounds, whether spoken, or written in letters we call words.The power of words, then, lies in their associations - the things they bring up before our minds, Words become filled with meaning for us by experience; and the longer we live, the more certain words recall to us the glad and sad events of our past; and the more we read and learn, the more the number of words that mean something to us increases. Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which appeal powerfully to our minds and emotions. This charming and telling use of words is what we call literary style(文体). Above all, the real poet is a master of words. He can convey his meaning in words which sing like music, and which by their position and association can move men to tears. We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they will make our speech silly and vulgar(粗俗的).1. Which is true about origin of language?[A] Men,as well as animals,invented certain sounds to express thoughts.[B] The origin of language is a complicated question.[C] Words did not have written form,at first.[D] Words were invented to represent meanings.2. The power of words lies in _____.[A] the fact that it can associate the things in the world with the ideas in our mind[B] the fact that one word is connected with another[C] the fact that it can associate one person with another[D] the fact that it can recall to us the events of our past3. In order not to make our speech silly and vulgar,we should _____.[A] use words that can move men to tears[B] choose words with care and accuracy[C] become a master of words[D] use words which sing like music4. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?[A] The more we read and learn,the larger our vocabulary will be.[B] The longer we live,the number of words that mean something to us increases.[C] Words can be used to represent various meanings.[D] Literary style a usually very charming.5. The best title for this passage would be _____.[A] The meaning of words[B] The characteristics of words[C] The origin of words[D] The power of words参考答案：C A B B DIn Switzerland, six miles west of Geneva, lies a collection of laboratories and buildings, and most curious of all, a circular mound of earth more than 650 feet in diameter. This cluster has unique importance. It is Europe’s one and only atomic city dedicated to investigating the atom for peaceful purposes. The strange buildings belong to the European Council for Nuclear Research, more popularly known, from its Frenchinitials, as CERN. The council was born when a handful of statesman and scientific experts met in Paris in 1950. Their aim was to “establish an organization providing for collaboration among European states in nuclear research of a pure scientific and fundamental character”. The CERN agreement was signed in 1953, and work on the atomic city began in 1954. Today CERN’s facilities are among the most modern and the most diversified ones in the world. Impressive as the scientific aspect may be, the real significance of CERN may lie with the thousand people---the scientists, lab workers, and administrative crew drawn from the fourteen member nations---who populate it. British engineers work side by side with Swiss electricians, Yugoslav nuclear physicists, and Dutch mathematicians. The official languages are French and English, with German an unofficial third. But CERN is no tower of Babel---the language of science is universal and all embracing.1. The laboratories and buildings discussed in the passage belong to _____.[A] a private research organization[B] Switzerland[C] the European Council for Nuclear Research[D] the United Nationa2. The cluster has unique significance because it is _____.[A] Europe’s only atomic city[B] a city devoted to nuclear research[C] a city dedicated to investigating the atom for peaceful purposes[D] a clearing house for the world’s nuclear research3. CERN’s facilities for research are _____.[A] limited but effective[B] among the best in the world[C] rapidly expanding[D] both a and c4. The passage says that CERN is not a tower of Babel because _____.[A] work is the common denominator of all the staff[B] the language of science is universal[C] CERN had adopted only two official languages[D] all the workers are drawn from one country5. The real significance of CERN may lie in its staff because they _____.[A] work in international harmony[B] come from all over the world[C] are investigating all phases of human conduct[D] are eliminating the problems of individual rationalism参考答案：C C B B A。

在职硕士英语阅读理解练习和答案十One silly question I simply cannot tolerate is “How do you feel?” Usually the question is asked of a man in action—a man walking along the street, or busily working at his desk. So what do you expect him to say? He’ll probably say, “Fine, I ‘m all right.” But you have put a bug a his ear-maybe now he is not sure. If you are his good friend, you may have seen something on his face, or in his walk, that he overlooked that morning. It makes him worrying a little. He looks in a mirror to see if everything is all right, while you go merrily on your way asking someone else, “How do you feel?”Every question has its time and place. It’s perfectly acceptable, for instance, to ask “How do you feel?” if you are visiting a close friend in the hospital. But if the fellow is walking on both legs, hurrying to take a train or sitting at his desk working, it’s no time to ask him that silly question.When George Bernard Shaw, the famous British writer of plays was in his eighties, someone asked him, “How do you feel?” Shaw put him in his place. “When you reach my age,” he said, “either you feel all right or you are dead.”1. According to the writer, greetings, such as “How do you feel?” .A. show one’s consideration for othersB. are a good way to make friendsC. are proper to ask a man in actionD. generally make one feel uneasy2. The question “How do you feel?” seems to be correct and suitable when asked of .A. a friend who is illB. a person who has lost a close friendC. a stranger who looks somewhat worriedD. a man who is working at his desk3. George Bernard Shaw’s reply in this passage shows his .A. sillinessB. clevernessC. carelessnessD. politeness4. “You have put a bug in his ear” mean s that you have .A. made him laughB. shown concern for himC. made fun of himD. given him some kind of warning5. This passage can be entitled .A. A Silly QuestionB. Don’t Trouble a Busy ManC. What Are Good GreetingsD. Geo rge Bernard Shaw’s Reply参考答案：D A B D A The biographer has to dance between two shaky positions with respect to the subject (研究对象) . Too close a relation, and the writer may lose objectivity. Not close enough, and the writer may lack the sympathy necessary to any effort to portray a mind, a soul—the quality of life. Who should write the biography of a family, for example? Because of their closeness to the subject, family members may have special information, but by the same token, they may not have the distance that would allow them to be fair.Similarly, a king’s servant might not be the best one to write a biography of that king. But a foreigner might not have the knowledge and sympathy necessary to write the king’s biography—not for a readership from within the kingdom, at any rate.There is no ideal position for such a task. The biographer has to work with the position he or she has in the world, adjusting that position as necessary to deal with the subject. Every position has strengths and weaknesses: to thrive, a writer must try to become aware of these, evaluate them in terms of the subject, and select a position accordingly.When their subjects are heroes or famous figures, biographies often reveal a democratic motive: they attempt to show that their subjects are only human, no better than anyone else. Other biographies are meant to change us, to invite us to become better than we are. The biographies of Jesus (耶稣) found in the Bible are in this class.Biographers may claim that their account is the “authentic” one. In advancing this claim, they are helped if the biography is “authorized” by thesubject; this presumably allows the biographer special access to private information. “Unauthorized” biographies also have their appeal, however, since they can suggest an independence of mind in the biographer. In book promotions, the “unauthorized” characterisation usually suggests the prospect of juicy gossip that the subject had hoped to suppress.A subject might have several biographies, even several “authentic” o nes. We sense intuitively that no one is in a position to tell “the” story of a life, perhaps not even the subject, and this has been proved by the history of biography.1. According to the author, an ideal biographer would be one who .A. knows the subject very well and yet maintains a proper distance from himB. is close to the subject and knows the techniques of biography writingC. is independent and knows the techniques of biography writingD. possesses special private information and is sympathetic toward the subjeet2. The author cites the biographies of Jesus in the Bible in order to show that .A. the best biographies are meant to transform their readersB. biographies are authentic accounts of their subjects’ livesC. the best biographies are those of heroes and famous figuresD. biographies can serve different purposes3. Which of the following statements is true, according to the passage?A. An authentic biography seldom appeals to its readers.B. An authentic biography is one authorized by the subject.C. No one can write a perfect biography.D. Authorized biographies have a wider readership.4. An unauthorized biography is likely to attract more readers because .A. it portrays the subject both faithfully and vividlyB. it contains interesting information about the subject s private lifeC. it reveals a lot of accurate details unknown to outsidersD. it usually gives a sympathetic description of the subject’s character5. In this passage, the author focuses on .A. the difficulty of a biographer in finding the proper perspective to do his jobB. the secret of a biographer to win more readersC. the techniques required of a biographer to write a good biographyD. the characteristics of different kinds of biographies Questions参考答案：A D C B A Whether the eyes are “the windows of the soul” is debatable, that they are intensely important in interpersonal communication is a fact. During the first two months of a baby’s life, the stimulus that produces a smile is a pair of eyes. The eyes need not be real: a mask with two dots will produce a smile. Significantly, a real human face with eyes covered will not motivate a smile, nor will thesight of only one eye when the face is presented in profile. This attraction to eyes as opposed to the nose or mouth continues as the baby matures: In one study, when American four-year-olds were asked to draw people, 75 percent of them drew people with mouths, but 99 percent of them drew people with eyes. In Japan, however, where babies are carried on their mother’s back, infants do not acquire as much attachment to eyes as they do in other cultures. As a result, Japanese adults make little use of the face either to encode or decode meaning. In fact, Argyle reveals that the “proper place to focus one’s gaze during a conversation in Japan is on the neck of one’s conversation partner.”The role of eye contact in a conversational exchange between two Americans is well defined: speakers make contact with the eyes of their listener for about one second, then glance away as they talk; in a few moments they re-establish eye contact with the listener or reassure themselves that their audience is still attentive, then shift their gaze away once more. Listeners, meanwhile, keep their eyes on the face of the speaker, allowing themselves to glance away onlybriefly. It is important that they be looking at the speaker at the precise moment when the speakerre-establishes eye contact: if they are not looking, the speaker assumes that they are disinterested and either will pause until eye contact is resumed or wild terminate the conversation. Just how critical this eye maneuvering is to the maintenance of conversational flow becomes evident when two speakers are wearing dark glasses: there may be a sort of traffic jam of words caused by interruption, false starts, and unpredictable pauses.1. The author is convinced that the eyes are .A. of extreme importance in expressing feelings and exchanging ideasB. something through which one can see a person’s inner worldC. of considerable significance in making conversations interestingD. something the value of which is largely a matter of long debate2. Babies will not be stimulated to smile by a person .A. whose front view is fully perceivedB. whose face is covered with a maskC. whose face is seen from the sideD. whose face is free of any covering3. According to the passage, the Japanese fix their gaze on their conversation partner’s neck because .A. they don’t like to keep their eyes on the face of the speakerB. they need not communicate through eye contactC. they don’t think it polite to have eye contactD. they didn’t have much opportunity to communicate through eye contact in babyhood4. According to the passage, a conversation between two Americans may break down due to .A. one temporarily glancing away from the otherB. eye contact of more than one secondC. improperly-timed ceasing of eye contactD. constant adjustment of eye contact5. To keep a conversation flowing smoothly, it is better for the participants .A. not to wear dark spectaclesC. not to glance away from each otherB. not to make any interruptionsD. not to make unpredictable pauses参考答案：A C D C AA few common misconceptions. Beauty is only skin-deep. One’s physical assets and liabilities don’t count all that much in a managerial career. A woman should always try to look her best.Over the last 30 years, social scientists have conducted more than 1,000 studies of how we react to beautiful and not-so-beautiful people. The virtually unanimous conclusion: Looks do matter, more than most of us realize. The data suggest, for example, that physically attractive individuals are more likely to be treated well by their parents, sought out as friends, and pursued romantically. With the possible exception of women seeking managerial jobs, they are also more likely to be hired, paid well, and promoted.Un-American, you say, unfair and extremely unbelievable? Once again, the scientists have caught us mouthing pieties （虔诚） while acting just the contrary. Their typical experiment works something like this. They give each member of a group-collegestudents, perhaps, or teachers or corporate personnel managers- a piece of paper relating an individual’s accomplishments. Attached to the paper is a photograph. While the papers all say exactly the same thing the pictures are different. Some show a strikingly attractive person, some an average-looking character, and some an unusually unattractive human being. Group members are asked to rate the individual on certain attributes, anything from personal warmth to the likelihood that he or she will be promoted.Almost invariably, the better looking the person in the picture, the higher the person is rated. In the phrase, borrowed from Salppho, that the social scientists use to sum up the common perception, what is beautiful is good.In business, however, good looks cut both ways for women, and deeper than for men. A Utah State University professor, who is an authority on the subject, explains: In terms of their careers, the impact of physical attractiveness on males is only modest. But its potential impact on females can be tremendous, making its easier, for example, for themore attractive to get jobs where they are in the public eye. On another note, though, there is enough literature now for us to conclude that attractive women who aspire to managerial positions do not get on as well as women who may be less attractive.1. According to the passage, people often wrongly believe that in pursuing a career as manager_____.A. a person’s property or debts do not matter muchB. a person’s outward appearance is not a critical qualificationC. women should always dress fashionablyD. women should not only be attractive but also high-minded2. The result of research carried out by social scientists show that .A. people do not realize the importance of looking one’s bestB. women in pursuit of managerial jobs are not likely to be paid wellC. good-looking women aspire to managerial positionsD. attractive people generally have an advantage over those who are not3. Experments by scientists have shown that when people evaluate individuals on certain attributes .A. they observe the principle that beauty is only skin-deepB. they do not usually act according to the views they supportC. they give ordinary-looking persons the lowest ratingsD. they tend to base their judgment on the individual’s accomplishments4. “Good looks cut both ways for women” (Line 1, Para. 5) means that .A. attractive women have tremendous potential impact on public jobsB. good-looking women always get the best of everythingC. being attractive is not always an advantage for womenD. attractive women do not do as well as unattractive women in managerial positions5. It can inferred from the passage that in the business world .A. handsome men are not affected as much by their looks as attractive women areB. physically attractive women who are in the public eye usually do quite wellC. physically attractive men and women who are in the public eye usually get ahmg quite wellD. good looks are important for women as they are for men参考答案：B D B C C。

在职考研英语试题及答案一、阅读理解（共20分，每题5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

AIn recent years, the number of working adults who are returning to school to further their education has been on the rise. This trend is often attributed to the increasing demand for higher qualifications in the job market.1. What is the main reason for the trend mentioned in the passage?A) The job market is becoming more competitive.B) The demand for higher education is increasing.C) The number of working adults is growing.D) The quality of education is improving.BThe article discusses the benefits of learning a second language. It mentions that being bilingual can enhance cognitive abilities and improve job prospects.2. What is one of the benefits of learning a second language according to the article?A) It can increase one's salary.B) It can improve cognitive abilities.C) It can reduce the risk of certain diseases.D) It can improve social skills.二、完形填空（共15分，每题1.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

在职考研英语试题及答案一、阅读理解（共30分，每题6分）1. 根据所给文章，以下哪项是作者的主要观点？A) 教育是个人发展的关键。

B) 技术进步对教育的影响是负面的。

C) 社会变革需要教育的支持。

D) 教育系统需要改革以适应现代社会。

答案：C2. 文章中提到了哪些因素影响教育的发展？A) 社会经济状况B) 科技发展C) 政策变化D) 所有以上选项答案：D3. 根据文章，教育改革的主要目的是什么？A) 提高教育质量B) 降低教育成本C) 促进教育公平D) 适应全球化趋势答案：A4. 文章中提到的“终身学习”概念指的是什么？A) 只在学生时代接受教育B) 教育应该贯穿人的一生C) 成年后不需要继续学习D) 教育仅限于特定的学习阶段答案：B5. 作者认为教育改革应该如何进行？A) 完全依赖政府推动B) 社会各方面共同参与C) 仅由学校内部进行D) 通过增加教育投入实现答案：B二、完形填空（共20分，每题2分）阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

In recent years, the concept of "slow travel" has become increasingly popular. It is a way of traveling that emphasizes the quality of experience rather than the number of places visited. People who choose this mode of travel often spend more time in one place, allowing them to truly 6. understand the local culture and way of life.6. A) appreciateB) exploreC) observeD) discover答案：B7. This approach to travel is often more 7. affordable and less stressful than the traditional rush to see as many sights as possible within a limited time frame.A) economicalB) luxuriousC) exclusiveD) extravagant答案：A8. Slow travel also encourages a deeper connection with the environment and the people one meets, leading to more 8. meaningful interactions.A) superficialB) profoundC) casualD) fleeting答案：B9. For many, slow travel is a 9. response to the fast-paced nature of modern life, offering a chance to slow down and savor each moment.A) passiveB) proactiveC) reactiveD) active答案：C10. It is not just about 10. where you go, but also about how you experience the journey.A) whatB) whenC) howD) why答案：C三、翻译（共20分，每题10分）将下列句子从中文翻译成英文。