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美国经典演讲 麦克阿瑟:《老兵不死》(英文原版及翻译)

美国经典演讲 麦克阿瑟:《老兵不死》(英文原版及翻译)
美国经典演讲 麦克阿瑟:《老兵不死》(英文原版及翻译)

美国经典演讲麦克阿瑟:《老兵不死》(英文原版及翻译)President, Mr. Speaker, and Distinguished Members of the Congress: I stand on this rostrum with a sense of deep humility and great pride -- humility in the

weight of those great American architects of our history who have stood here before me; pride in the reflection that this home of legislative debate

represents human liberty in the purest form yet devised. Here are centered the hopes and aspirations and faith of the entire human race. I do not stand here as advocate for any partisan cause, for the issues are fundamental and reach quite beyond the realm of partisan consideration. They must be resolved on the highest plane of national interest if our course is to prove sound and our future protected. I trust, therefore, that you will do me the justice of receiving that

which I have to say as solely expressing the considered viewpoint of a fellow American. I address you with neither rancor nor bitterness in the fading twilight of life, with but one purpose in mind: to serve my country. The issues

are global and so interlocked that to consider the problems of one sector,

oblivious to those of another, is but to court disaster for the whole. While

Asia is commonly referred to as the Gateway to Europe, it is no less true that Europe is the Gateway to Asia, and the broad influence of the one cannot fail to have its impact upon the other. There are those who claim our strength is inadequate to protect on both fronts, that we cannot divide our effort. I can

think of no greater expression of defeatism. If a potential enemy can divide his strength on two fronts, it is for us to counter his effort. The Communist threat

is a global one. Its successful advance in one sector threatens the destruction

of every other sector. Y ou can not appease or otherwise surrender to communism

in Asia without simultaneously undermining our efforts to halt its advance in Europe. Beyond pointing out these general truisms, I shall confine my discussion to the general areas of Asia. Before one may objectively assess the situation now existing there, he must comprehend something of Asia's past and

the revolutionary changes which have marked her course up to the present. Long exploited by the so-called colonial powers, with little opportunity to achieve

any degree of social justice, individual dignity, or a higher standard of life

such as guided our own noble administration in the Philippines, the peoples of

Asia found their opportunity in the war just past to throw off the shackles of colonialism and now see the dawn of new opportunity, a heretofore unfelt

dignity, and the self-respect of political freedom. Mustering half of the

earth's population, and 60 percent of its natural resources these peoples are

rapidly consolidating a new force, both moral and material, with which to raise

the living standard and erect adaptations of the design of modern progress to

their own distinct cultural environments. Whether one adheres to the concept of colonization or not, this is the direction of Asian progress and it may not be stopped. It is a corollary to the shift of the world economic frontiers as the

whole epicenter of world affairs rotates back toward the area whence it started.

In this situation, it becomes vital that our own country orient its policies

in consonance with this basic evolutionary condition rather than pursue a course blind to the reality that the colonial era is now past and the Asian peoples

covet the right to shape their own free destiny. What they seek now is friendly guidance, understanding, and support -- not imperious direction -- the dignity

of equality and not the shame of subjugation. Their pre-war standard of life, pitifully low, is infinitely lower now in the devastation left in war's wake.

World ideologies play little part in Asian thinking and are little understood.

What the peoples strive for is the opportunity for a little more food in their stomachs, a little better clothing on their backs, a little firmer roof over

their heads, and the realization of the normal nationalist urge for political freedom. These political-social conditions have but an indirect bearing upon our own national security, but do form a backdrop to contemporary planning which must be thoughtfully considered if we are to avoid the pitfalls of unrealism.

Of more direct and immediately bearing upon our national security are the changes wrought in the strategic potential of the Pacific Ocean in the course of

the past war. Prior thereto the western strategic frontier of the United States

lay on the literal line of the Americas, with an exposed island salient

extending out through Hawaii, Midway, and Guam to the Philippines. That salient proved not an outpost of strength but an avenue of weakness along which the enemy could and did attack. The Pacific was a potential area of advance for any predatory force intent upon striking at the bordering land areas. All this

was changed by our Pacific victory. Our strategic frontier then shifted to

embrace the entire Pacific Ocean, which became a vast moat to protect us as long as we held it. Indeed, it acts as a protective shield for all of the Americas

and all free lands of the Pacific Ocean area. We control it to the shores of

Asia by a chain of islands extending in an arc from the Aleutians to the Mariannas held by us and our free allies. From this island chain we can dominate with sea and air power every Asiatic port from Vladivostok to Singapore -- with sea and air power every port, as I said, from Vladivostok to Singapore -- and prevent any hostile movement into the Pacific. Any predatory attack from Asia must be an amphibious effort.* No amphibious force can be successful without control of the sea lanes and the air over those lanes in its avenue of advance.

With naval and air supremacy and modest ground elements to defend bases, any major attack from continental Asia toward us or our friends in the Pacific would

be doomed to failure. Under such conditions, the Pacific no longer represents menacing avenues of approach for a prospective invader. It assumes, instead, the friendly aspect of a peaceful lake. Our line of defense is a natural one and can

be maintained with a minimum of military effort and expense. It envisions no attack against anyone, nor does it provide the bastions essential for offensive operations, but properly maintained, would be an invincible defense against aggression. The holding of this literal defense line in the western Pacific is

entirely dependent upon holding all segments thereof; for any major breach of

that line by an unfriendly power would render vulnerable to determined attack

every other major segment. This is a military estimate as to which I have yet

to find a military leader who will take exception. For that reason, I have

strongly recommended in the past, as a matter of military urgency, that under no circumstances must Formosa fall under Communist control. Such an eventuality would at once threaten the freedom of the Philippines and the loss of Japan and might well force our western frontier back to the coast of California, Oregon

and Washington. To understand the changes which now appear upon the Chinese mainland, one must understand the changes in Chinese character and culture over

the past 50 years. China, up to 50 years ago, was completely non-homogenous, being compartmented into groups divided against each other. The war-making tendency was almost non-existent, as they still followed the tenets of the

Confucian ideal of pacifist culture. At the turn of the century, under the

regime of Chang Tso Lin, efforts toward greater homogeneity produced the start

of a nationalist urge. This was further and more successfully developed under

the leadership of Chiang Kai-Shek, but has been brought to its greatest fruition under the present regime to the point that it has now taken on the character of

a united nationalism of increasingly dominant, aggressive tendencies. Through these past 50 years the Chinese people have thus become militarized in their concepts and in their ideals. They now constitute excellent soldiers, with competent staffs and commanders. This has produced a new and dominant power in Asia, which, for its own purposes, is allied with Soviet Russia but which in its

own concepts and methods has become aggressively imperialistic, with a lust for expansion and increased power normal to this type of imperialism. There is little of the ideological concept either one way or another in the Chinese

make-up. The standard of living is so low and the capital accumulation has been

so thoroughly dissipated by war that the masses are desperate and eager to

follow any leadership which seems to promise the alleviation of local stringencies. I have from the beginning believed that the Chinese Communists' support of the North Koreans was the dominant one. Their interests are, at present, parallel with those of the Soviet. But I believe that the

aggressiveness recently displayed not only in Korea but also in Indo-China and

Tibet and pointing potentially toward the South reflects predominantly the same

lust for the expansion of power which has animated every would-be conqueror

since the beginning of time. The Japanese people, since the war, have undergone the greatest reformation recorded in modern history. With a commendable will, eagerness to learn, and marked capacity to understand, they have, from the ashes left in war's wake, erected in Japan an edifice dedicated

to the supremacy of individual liberty and personal dignity; and in the ensuing process there has been created a truly representative government committed to

the advance of political morality, freedom of economic enterprise, and social justice. Politically, economically, and socially Japan is now abreast of many free nations of the earth and will not again fail the universal trust. That it

may be counted upon to wield a profoundly beneficial influence over the course

of events in Asia is attested by the magnificent manner in which the Japanese

people have met the recent challenge of war, unrest, and confusion surrounding

them from the outside and checked communism within their own frontiers without the slightest slackening in their forward progress. I sent all four of our

occupation divisions to the Korean battlefront without the slightest qualms as

to the effect of the resulting power vacuum upon Japan. The results fully

justified my faith. I know of no nation more serene, orderly, and industrious,

nor in which higher hopes can be entertained for future constructive service in

the advance of the human race. Of our former ward, the Philippines, we can look forward in confidence that the existing unrest will be corrected and a

strong and healthy nation will grow in the longer aftermath of war's terrible destructiveness. We must be patient and understanding and never fail them -- as

in our hour of need, they did not fail us. A Christian nation, the Philippines

stand as a mighty bulwark of Christianity in the Far East, and its capacity for

high moral leadership in Asia is unlimited. On Formosa, the government of the Republic of China has had the opportunity to refute by action much of the

malicious gossip which so undermined the strength of its leadership on the

Chinese mainland. The Formosan people are receiving a just and enlightened administration with majority representation on the organs of government, and politically, economically, and socially they appear to be advancing along sound

and constructive lines. With this brief insight into the surrounding areas, I

now turn to the Korean conflict. While I was not consulted prior to the

President's decision to intervene in support of the Republic of Korea, that

decision from a military standpoint, proved a sound one, as we hurled back the invader and decimated his forces. Our victory was complete, and our objectives within reach, when Red China intervened with numerically superior ground forces.

This created a new war and an entirely new situation, a situation not contemplated when our forces were committed against the North Korean invaders; a situation which called for new decisions in the diplomatic sphere to permit the realistic adjustment of military strategy. Such decisions have not been forthcoming. While no man in his right mind would advocate sending our ground

forces into continental China, and such was never given a thought, the new

situation did urgently demand a drastic revision of strategic planning if our

political aim was to defeat this new enemy as we had defeated the old. Apart from the military need, as I saw It, to neutralize the sanctuary protection

given the enemy north of the Y alu, I felt that military necessity in the conduct

of the war made necessary: first the intensification of our economic blockade against China; two the imposition of a naval blockade against the China coast;

three removal of restrictions on air reconnaissance of China's coastal areas and

of Manchuria; four removal of restrictions on the forces of the Republic of

China on Formosa, with logistical support to contribute to their effective

operations against the common enemy. For entertaining these views, all professionally designed to support our forces committed to Korea and bring hostilities to an end with the least possible delay and at a saving of countless

American and allied lives, I have been severely criticized in lay circles,

principally abroad, despite my understanding that from a military standpoint the above views have been fully shared in the past by practically every military

leader concerned with the Korean campaign, including our own Joint Chiefs of Staff. I called for reinforcements but was informed that reinforcements were

not available. I made clear that if not permitted to destroy the enemy built-up

bases north of the Y alu, if not permitted to utilize the friendly Chinese Force

of some 600,000 men on Formosa, if not permitted to blockade the China coast to prevent the Chinese Reds from getting succor from without, and if there were to

be no hope of major reinforcements, the position of the command from the

military standpoint forbade victory. We could hold in Korea by constant maneuver and in an approximate area where our supply line advantages were in balance with the supply line disadvantages of the enemy, but we could hope at

best for only an indecisive campaign with its terrible and constant attrition

upon our forces if the enemy utilized its full military potential. I have

constantly called for the new political decisions essential to a solution.

Efforts have been made to distort my position. It has been said, in effect,

that I was a warmonger. Nothing could be further from the truth. I know war as

few other men now living know it, and nothing to me is more revolting. I have

long advocated its complete abolition, as its very destructiveness on both

friend and foe has rendered it useless as a means of settling international

disputes. Indeed, on the second day of September, nineteen hundred and

forty-five, just following the surrender of the Japanese nation on the

Battleship Missouri, I formally cautioned as follows: "Men since the beginning of time have sought peace. V arious methods through the ages have been attempted to devise an international process to prevent or settle disputes between nations. From the very start workable methods were found in so far

as individual citizens were concerned, but the mechanics of an instrumentality

of larger international scope have never been successful. Military alliances, balances of power, Leagues of Nations, all in turn failed, leaving the only path to be by way of the crucible of war. The utter destructiveness of war now blocks out this alternative. We have had our last chance. If we will not devise some greater and more equitable system,

Armageddon will be at our door. The problem basically is theological and involves a spiritual recrudescence and improvement of human character that

will synchronize with our almost matchless advances in science, art, literature, and all material and cultural developments of the past 2000 years. It must be of the spirit if we are to save the flesh." But once war

is forced upon us, there is no other alternative than to apply every available

means to bring it to a swift end. War's very object is victory, not prolonged indecision. In war there is no substitute for victory. There are some who, for varying reasons, would appease Red China. They are blind to history's clear

lesson, for history teaches with unmistakable emphasis that appeasement but

begets new and bloodier war. It points to no single instance where this end has justified that means, where appeasement has led to more than a sham peace. Like blackmail, it lays the basis for new and successively greater demands until, as

in blackmail, violence becomes the only other alternative. "Why," my soldiers asked of me, "surrender military advantages to an enemy in the field?" I could

not answer. Some may say: to avoid spread of the conflict into an all-out war with China; others, to avoid Soviet intervention. Neither explanation seems

valid, for China is already engaging with the maximum power it can commit, and

the Soviet will not necessarily mesh its actions with our moves. Like a cobra,

any new enemy will more likely strike whenever it feels that the relativity in

military or other potential is in its favor on a world-wide basis. The tragedy

of Korea is further heightened by the fact that its military action is confined

to its territorial limits. It condemns that nation, which it is our purpose to

save, to suffer the devastating impact of full naval and air bombardment while

the enemy's sanctuaries are fully protected from such attack and devastation.

Of the nations of the world, Korea alone, up to now, is the sole one which has risked its all against communism. The magnificence of the courage and fortitude

of the Korean people defies description. They have chosen to risk death rather than slavery. Their last words to me were: "Don't scuttle the Pacific!" I have

just left your fighting sons in Korea. They have met all tests there, and I can

report to you without reservation that they are splendid in every way. It was

my constant effort to preserve them and end this savage conflict honorably and

with the least loss of time and a minimum sacrifice of life. Its growing

bloodshed has caused me the deepest anguish and anxiety. Those gallant men will remain often in my thoughts and in my prayers always. I am closing my 52 years of military service. When I joined the Army, even before the turn of the century, it was the fulfillment of all of my boyish hopes and dreams. The world

has turned over many times since I took the oath on the plain at West Point, and

the hopes and dreams have long since vanished, but I still remember the refrain

of one of the most popular barrack ballads of that day which proclaimed most proudly that "old soldiers never die; they just fade away." And like the old soldier of that ballad, I now close my military career and just fade away, an

old soldier who tried to do his duty as God gave him the light to see that duty.

Good Bye.

中文翻译:总统先生、议长先生和尊敬的国会议员们:我怀着十分谦卑而又骄傲的心情站在这演讲台上。

我谦卑,是因为在我之前,许多美国历史上伟大的建设者们都曾经在这里发过言;我骄傲,是因为今天我们的立法辩论代表了经深思的人类解放最纯粹形式。这是整个人类进程中的希望、热情和信仰的集中体现。我并不是作为任何一个党派的拥护者站在这里讲话的,因为这些问题太重要,以至都超越了党派的界线。如果要证实我们的动机是是正确的,如果要保障

我们的将来,制定关于国家利益的最高纲领时就必须考虑到它们。我相信,当我说完我仅仅是为了陈述经深思熟虑而得出的一个普通美国公民的观点之后,你们会公平地接受它。在我生命将逝之年做这个告别演说,无仇无怨。在我心中只有一个目的:为我的祖国服务。

这些问题是全球性的,而且环环相扣,任何的顾此失彼做法都会使整体造成灾难。亚洲被普遍认为是通往欧洲的门户,同样的,欧洲也是通往亚洲的大门,二者是息息相关的。有人认为我们的力量不足以同时保住两个阵地,因为我们不能分散我们的力量。我想,这是我听到的最悲观的失败主义论调了。如果我们潜在的敌人能够把他的力量分在两条线上,那我们就必须与之抗衡……

除了指出这些一般常识外,我将把讨论集中在亚洲地区。在客观地估计那里的现状之前,我们必须了解亚洲的过去,了解导致她上升到今天这种局势的革命性的变化。长期遭受殖民主义势力的剥削而使亚洲人民没有机会获取任何程度的社会平等、个人尊严,也无法提高生活水平,就像被我们的菲律宾贵族政府所统治的那样。亚洲人民在战争中找到了机会,得以摆脱殖民主义的枷锁,而且现在有更多的新的契机摆在他们面前:政治独立带来的以前从未感受过的尊严和自重。亚洲有占世界一半的人口和百分之六十的自然资源,她的人民正迅速地加强一个新兴的力量,包括精神和物质两方面,藉此提高他们的生活水平,协调现代化的进步和他们特有的文化环境。不管你是不是坚持殖民主义的观点,这是亚洲前进的方向,她不会停步。这一点是世界经济防线转移、国际事务中心回归原点的必然结果。在这种情况下,我们国家在政治上必须与基本的革命形势一致,而不能无视殖民时代已经过时,且亚洲人民渴望开创自己的自由生活的现实,这一点十分重要。他们现在需要的是友好的指引、理解和支持,而不是专制的指挥。

我坚持保全他们,并希望能用最少的时间、最小的牺牲体面地结束这场野蛮的冲突。越来越多的流血让我感到深深的痛苦和焦虑。那些勇敢的人的形象在我的脑海中挥之不去,我将永远为他们祈祷。

我将结束我五十二年的军旅生涯。我在世纪之交之前就已加入军队,它满足了我孩童时所有的希望和梦想。自从我在西点的草坪上宣读誓言以来,这个世界已经经历了多次转变,童年的希望和梦想早已消失得无影无踪。但我依然记得当年那首流行的军歌中骄傲的叠句:一个老兵永不死亡,他只是淡出舞台。就像歌中的老兵一样,我结束我的军旅生涯,只是淡出了人生舞台。一个力图像上帝指引的那样完成他的责任的老兵。再见

经典英文演讲100篇(I)

Anna Howard Shaw: The Fundamental Principle of a Republic delivered 1915, New York State Referendum, Albany, New York When I came into your hall tonight, I thought of the last time I was in your city. Twenty-one years ago I came here with Susan B. Anthony, and we came for exactly the same purpose as that for which we are here tonight. Boys have been born since that time and have become voters, and the women are still trying to persuade American men to believe in the fundamental principles of democracy, and I never quite feel as if it was a fair field to argue this question with men, because in doing it you have to assume that a man who professes to believe in a Republican form of government does not believe in a Republican form of government, for the only thing that woman's enfranchisement means at all is that a government which claims to be a Republic should be a Republic, and not an aristocracy. The difficulty with discussing this question with those who oppose us is that they make any number of arguments but none of them have anything to do with Woman's Suffrage; they always have something to do with something else, therefore the arguments which we have to make rarely ever have anything to do with the subject, because we have to answer our opponents who always escape the subject as far as possible in order to have any sort of reason in connection with what they say. Now one of two things is true: either a Republic is a desirable form of government, or else it is not. If it is, then we should have it, if it is not then we ought not to pretend that we have it. We ought at least be true to our ideals, and the men of New York have for the first time in their lives, the rare opportunity on the second day of next November, of making the state truly a part of the Republic. It is the greatest opportunity which has ever come to the men of the state. They have never had so serious a problem to solve before, they will never have a more serious problem to solve in any future of our nation's life, and the thing that disturbs me more than anything else in connection with it is that so few people realize what a profound problem they have to solve on November 2. It is not merely a trifling matter; it is not a little thing that does not concern the state, it is the most vital problem we could have, and any man who goes to the polls on the second day of next November without thoroughly informing himself in regard to this subject is unworthy to be a citizen of this state, and unfit to cast a ballot. If woman's suffrage is wrong, it is a great wrong; if it is right, it is a profound and fundamental principle, and we all know, if we know what a Republic is, that it is the fundamental principle upon which a Republic must rise. Let us see where we are as a people; how we act here and what we think we are. The difficulty with the men of this country is that they are so consistent in their inconsistency that they are not aware of having been inconsistent; because their consistency has been so continuous and their inconsistency so consecutive that it has never been broken, from the beginning of our Nation's life to the present time. If we trace our history back we will find that from the very dawn of our existence as a people, men have

道格拉斯·麦克阿瑟在国会的告别演讲

MacArthur: Farewell Address to Congress Mr. President, Mr. Speaker, and Distinguished Members of the Congress: I stand on this rostrum with a sense of deep humility and great pride -- humility in the weight of those great American architects of our history who have stood here before me; pride in the reflection that this home of legislative debate represents human liberty in the purest form yet devised. Here are centered the hopes and aspirations and faith of the entire human race. I do not stand here as advocate for any partisan cause, for the issues are fundamental and reach quite beyond the realm of partisan consideration. They must be resolved on the highest plane of national interest if our course is to prove sound and our future protected. I trust, therefore, that you will do me the justice of receiving that which I have to say as solely expressing the considered viewpoint of a fellow American. I address you with neither rancor nor bitterness in the fading twilight of life, with but one purpose in mind: to serve my country. The issues are global and so interlocked that to consider the problems of one sector, oblivious to those of another, is but to court disaster for the whole. While Asia is commonly referred to as the Gateway to Europe, it is no less true that Europe is the Gateway to Asia, and the broad influence of the one cannot fail to have its impact upon the other. There are those who claim our strength is inadequate to protect on both fronts, that we cannot divide our effort. I can think of no greater expression of defeatism. If a potential enemy can divide his strength on two fronts, it is for us to counter his effort. The Communist threat is a global one. Its successful advance in one sector threatens the destruction of every other sector. You can not appease or otherwise surrender to communism in Asia without simultaneously undermining our efforts to halt its advance in Europe.

英语演讲稿开场白【三篇】.doc

英语演讲稿开场白【三篇】 篇一 经典英语演讲开场白范文: 1.We are drowning in news. Reuters alone puts out three-and-a-half million news stories a year. That’s just one source. My question is: How many of those stories are actually going to matter in the long run? That’s the idea behind The Long News. It’s a project by The Long Now Foundation, which was founded by TED stars including Kevin Kelly and Stewart Brand. And what we’re looking for is news stories that might still matter 50 or 100 or 10,000 years from now. And when you look at the news through that filter, a lot falls by the wayside. 2.Thank you. Thank you so much. Thank you. Thank you, General Caslen, for that introduction. General Trainor, General Clarke, faculty and staff at West Point, you have been outstanding stewards of this proud institution and outstanding mentors for the newest officers in the United States Army.

【演讲稿范文】经典演讲稿中英文对照

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