商务英语(研究生商号翻译)

CEO(Chief executive officer)首席执行官类似总经理、总裁，企业法人代表COO(Chief operating officer)首席运营官类似常务总经理CFO(Chief financial officer)首席财务官类似财务总经理CTO(Chief technology officer)首席技术官类似总工程师CIO(Chief information officer)首席信息官主管企业信息的收集和发布CAO:Art艺术总监CBO:Business商务总监CCO:Content内容总监CDO:Development开发总监CEO:Executive首席执行官CFO:Finance财务总监CGO:Gonverment政府关系CHO:Human resource人事总监CIO:Information技术总监CJO:Jet把营运指标都加一个或多个零使公司市值像火箭般上升的人CKO: Knowledge知识总监CLO:Labour工会主席CMO:Marketing市场总监CNO:Negotiation首席谈判代表COO:Operation首席营运官CPO:Public relation公关总监CQO:Quality control质控总监CRO:Research研究总监CSO:Sales销售总监CTO:Technology首席技术官CUO:User客户总监CVO:Valuation评估总监CWO:Women妇联主席CXO:什么都可以管的不管部部长CYO:Yes什么都点头的老好人CZO:现在排最后,等待接班的太子名片中常用的100个职称、头衔名称的英文翻译。

董事长Board Chairman总经理General Manager副总经理Vice General Manager总经理秘书Secretary总经理助理General Manager's Assistant市场营销部经理Manager of Marketing Department 销售部经理Sales Manager餐饮部经理Food and Berage Manager客房部经理Housekeeper康乐部经理Recreation Dept Manager财务部经理Financial Controller人事部经理Personnel Manager工程部经理Chief Engineer保安部经理Chief Security Officer办公室主任Director of Executive Office大堂副理Asst Manager物资经理Logistic & Purchasing Dept.Manager 会计Accountant销售工程师Sales Engineer生产经理Production Dept.Manager销售工程师Sales Engineer工会主席Labour Union chairman操作工Operator库管员Warehouse Keeper技术工程师Technicial Engineer销售一部经理Sales Dept.Manager接待员Receiptionalist配料员Operator保洁员Purifier人事经理助理HR Assistant炊事员Canteen Worker会计Accountant质保经理QC Dept.Manager机械师Machinist工程主管Facilities Supervisor采购员Buyer车间班长Group Leader叉车司机Driver机修工Operator采购主管Purchase Manage综合管理部Colligation and Management Dep 财务部部长Finance Dep.Minister市场部部长助理生产部部长助理研发工程师Develop Engineer业务主办Operation Direct计划员Programmer更夫Bellman技术服务部经理物资内勤Secretary技术服务工程师销售二部经理Sales Dept.Manager车间主管Production SupervisorMarket Dep.Minister's assistant Produce Dep. Ministarls assistantTechnical Service Dept.ManagerTechnician Service Engineer内勤Secretary出纳Cashier检验员hecker市场部经理Marketing Dept.Manager区域销售经理Regional Sales ManagerIT工程师IT Engineer研磨工Operator司机Driver清扫工Purifier人力资源部经理Human Resources Manager文员Clerk财务经理Finance Dept.Manager技术发展部经理Technical Development Dept.Manager电工Electrician送货员Deliveryman挤压工Operator行政经理Administrative Dep.Manager运输协调员Traffic Coordinator副总工程师Vice - Chief Engineer综合管理部部长Colligation and Management Dep.Minister网络主管Network Manage综合管理部总务Colligation and Management Dep.General Affair市场部部长Market Dep.Minister市场部项目总理Market Dep.Item Manager质保部Quantity Engineer工艺员Engineer调度员Dispatcher秘书SecretaryAccountingAssistant会计助理AccountingClerk记帐员AccountingManager会计部经理AccountingStall会计部职员AccountingSupervisor会计主管AdministrationManager行政经理AdministrationStaff行政人员AdministrativeAssistant行政助理AdministrativeClerk行政办事员AdvertisingStaff广告工作人员AirlinesSalesRepresentative航空公司定座员AirlinesStaff航空公司职员ApplicationEngineer应用工程师AssistantManager副经理BondAnalyst证券分析员BondTrader证券交易员BusinessController业务主任BusinessManager业务经理Buyer采购员Cashier出纳员ChemicalEngineer化学工程师CivilEngineer土木工程师Clerk/Receptionist职员／接待员ClerkTypist&Secretary文书打字兼秘书ComputerDataInputOperator计算机资料输入员ComputerEngineer计算机工程师ComputerProcessingOperator计算机处理操作员ComputerSystemManager计算机系统部经理Copywriter广告文字撰稿人DeputyGeneralManager副总经理EconomicResearchAssistant经济研究助理ElectricalEngineer电气工程师EngineeringTechnician工程技术员EnglishInstructor/Teacher英语教师ExportSalesManager外销部经理ExportSalesStaff外销部职员FinancialController财务主任FinancialReporter财务报告人F.X.(ForeignExchange)Clerk外汇部职员F.X.SettlementClerk外汇部核算员FundManager财务经理。

商务英语翻译实训指导书实训一：商标、品牌及商号的翻译目的要求：鉴赏商标、品牌、商号的翻译；掌握几种常用的翻译方法；能够翻译一些基本的商标、品牌和商号实训步骤：一、商标和品牌翻译二、商号的翻译三、商号翻译专题实训内容：一、商标和品牌翻译1. 鉴赏若干英语商标汉译文及汉语商标英译文HEAD & SHOULDERS 海飞丝SAFEGUARD 舒肤佳新飞（冰箱） FRESTECH格力（空调）GREE2.介绍商标、品牌的定义和两者之间的联系商标(Trademark)（用™表示）的定义品牌(Brand)的两个部分3. 通过实例讲解商标和品牌的翻译方法（1）音译（2）意译（3）音意结合（4）自由译（5）转译（6）部分译或不译二、商号翻译1、分析若干商号的译文HSBC Hong Kong & Shanghai Banking Corporation IBM International Business Machines Corporation 中国石油天然气集团公司（简称中国石油集团）中国石油天然气股份有限公司2、通过实例介绍商号的翻译方法（1）音译Valero Energy Corporation青岛啤酒股份有限公司意译The Royal Bank of Scotland中远航运股份有限公司谐音法Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.颐高集团增译/减译Ericsson (Sweden)上海共明翻译服务有限公司转译部分译或不译LG CorporationTCL公司三、商号翻译专题1、一般性“公司”英语词汇的介绍2、专门性“公司”英语词汇的介绍3、汉语“工厂”“酒店”“饭店”“宾馆”“商店”“大厦”等词汇的翻译（1）工厂一般性“工厂”专门性“工厂”(2) “酒店”、“饭店”、“宾馆”“酒店”、“饭店”、“宾馆”常译作“Hotel”酒店、饭店、宾馆名称可音译或意译，如：锦江宾馆（上海）白天鹅宾馆（广州）“大酒店”中的“大”字或译或不译，如：苏州吴宫喜来登大酒店“假日饭店”译作“Holiday Inn”，如：北京丽都假日饭店（3）“商店”“大厦”“商店”常译作Store AmE或Shop BrE“商厦”可译成Store或Department Store“大厦”、“大楼”常译作Building，视具体情况可译作Tower，Mansion或House，但也有例外:北京蓝岛大厦Beijing Blue Island Tower保利大厦（北京）Poly Plaza广州大厦Hotel Canton实训二：公司简介的翻译目的要求：了解汉语公司简介的特点、结构；学习公司简介中常用词汇和表达法的翻译；能够翻译一些简单的汉语公司介绍实训步骤：一英汉语公司简介对比二汉语公司简介的组成三翻译实例与练习四翻译案例与分析实训内容：一、英汉语公司简介对比1、阅读英汉语公司简介样例2、（引导学生归纳并）介绍英汉语公司简介的不同特点二、汉语公司简介的组成1、公司名称（简介标题）2、公司性质（企业性质）3、公司产品（经营范围）4、公司广告（商业宣传）5、公司地址及联系方式三、公司简介常用表达法公司简介 Company Prof ile/A Brief Introduction of … Company 地处/位于/坐落于… Locate in/Situate in/Lie in创建/成立于… Establish/Found/Set up (in…)毗邻/濒临/濒近 Abut (on)/Border on/ Neighbor (on)/Adjoin/Be adjacent to/Lie close to专业生产/专业从事…的生产/主营/致力于… Specialize in/Deal in经营范围/主营业务 Business scope/Scope of business销售收入/销售额/营业收入 Sales income/Sales volume/Business income 占地面积/营业面积 Floor area/Business area注册资本Registered capital总资产Total capital fund经营宗旨/企业理念Business principles/Corporate ideals (values)良好的声誉/享誉…A (very) good reputation/Enjoy a reputation (for…) /Win/Earn/Establish a reputation as…热忱欢迎… We warmly welcome…四、翻译实例与练习1、深圳市润昌源纸业①有限公司成立于②1995年，是专业生产销售③灰板纸④的企业。

国际商务英语贸易术语：1.EXW （Ex Work）工厂交货2.FCA （Free Carrier）货交承运人3.FAS （Free Alongside Ship）船边交货4.FOB （Free On Board）船上交货5.CFR （Cost and Freight）成本加运费6.CIF （Cost Insurance and Freight）成本、保险和运费7.CPT（Carriage Paid to）运费付至8.CIP（Carriage Insurance Paid to）运费、保险费付至9.DAF（Delivered At Frontier）边境交货10.DES（Delivered Ex Ship）目的港船上交货11.DEQ（Delivered Ex Quay）目的港码头交货12.DDU（Delivered Duty Unpaid）未完税交货13.DDP（Delivered Duty Paid）完税后交货mercial Councilor’s Office 商务参赞处15.consignor 委托人、发货人、寄售人16.consignee 受托人、收货人、承售人17.firm 商号、商店、公司18.corporation 公司商会19.private-owned corporation 私有公司20.nonprofit corporation 非营利公司21.public corporation（state-operated corporation）国有公司22.limited liability company （股份）有限公司23.agent 代理人agency 代理代理权sole distributor 独家经销代理sole distributorship 独家经销代理权distributor 经销人distributorship 经销权24.duplicate 副本25.in duplicate 一式两份26.in triplicate 一式三份27.stipulation 规定28.rule 法则w 法律30.term 条款31.cash on delivery 货到付款（缩写C.O.D）32.m/t 公吨33.The sight L/C 即期信用证34.The usance L/C 远期信用证35.The revocable L/C 可撤销信用证36.The irrevocable L/C 不可撤销信用证37.partical shipment（s）分批装运38.Transshipment 转船39.Liner 定期班轮40.Tramp 不定期货轮41.Fragile 易碎42.Easy to Be Damaged 易损43.Easy to Be Deteriorated 易变质44.Inflammable易燃、Explosive 易爆、Poisonous有毒45.。

商务英语相关词汇解析一、business and businesses商业和公司a business,company,or firm is an organization that sells goods or services .a business may also be referred to formally as a concern.business is the production,buying,and selling of goods and services.a business may be referred to approvingly as an enterprise to emphasize its adventurous, risk-taking qualities, and business in general may be referred to in the same way, for example in combinations such as free enterprise and private enterprise.business is also referred to as commerce. this word, and its related adjective commercial, are often used to distinguish the business sphere from other areas such as government or the arts, or to distinguish it from nonmoney-making activities.注释：business 商业；生意；公司 company 公司；商号firm (合伙的)商号；商行 concern 康采恩（垄断企业形式之一）commerce 商业；商务 commercial 商业的；商务的；商用的enterprise 企事业单位 free enterprise 自由企业private enterprise 私人企业二、from multinationals to small firms 从跨国公司到小型企业large companies are referred to as corporations, especially in the united states. corporate is used to describe things relating to a corporation, or to corporations in general, in expressions like the ones in the next exercise. large companies operating in many countries are multinationals.big business can refer to large business organizations or to any business activity that makes a lot of money. small companies are referred to as small businesses or small firms.unlike some languages, english does not have an everyday term for small and medium-sized companies, apart from this rather clumsy expression.注释：corporation 大公司；股份有限公司 corporate 法人；团体multinational 跨国的；多国的 big business 大型企业；大公司small and medium sized companies中小规模的公司small business 小公司 small firm 小公司三、industries and sectors 工业及其部门businesses may be classified according to which industry they are in: for example construction, oil, banking, food.sector is sometimes used to mean industry in the same way, particularly by specialists such as financial journalists, but it is more often used to talk about different parts of the economy in combinations such as public sector and private sector, or about types of business in expressions like service sector and manufacturing sector.注释：industry 工业；产业 sector 部门；部分public sector 公共部门 private sector 私营部门manufacturing sector 制造部门 service sector 服务部门四、public sector and private 公共部门和私营部门when a private company is bought by the state and brought into the public sector, it is nationalized in a process of nationalization. a nationalized company is state-owned. when the state returns a company to the private sector in a sell-off, it is privatized. this is privatization.the first to be sold off in a privatization program are often the companies responsible for the public supply of electricity,water and gas: the utilities.注释：nationalized 国有化的 nationalization 国有化privatized 私有化的 privatization 私有化state-owned 国有的 sell off 廉价出清utilities 公用事业；公用事业部门五、stakes 份额；股份if company a owns shares or equity in company b, a has or holds a stake, holding or shareholding in b. if a owns less than half the shares in b, it has a minority stake in b.if a owns more than half the shares in b, it has a majority stake or controlling stake in b. if you have shares in a company you are a shareholder.注释：shares/stake 份额；股份 equity 股份；产权；普通股票holding 持有；股票额 shareholding 持有股票数shareholder 股东 hold a stake 持有份额majority stake 大股东（50%以上） controlling stake 大股东minority stake 小股东原作者： mba100商务英语重点词汇(2)一、parents and sisters 母公司和姐妹公司a holding or holding company is one that holds stakes in one or more subsidiaries. if it owns all the shares in a subsidiary, the subsidiary is a wholly-owned one.a holding company´s relationship to its subsidiaries is that of parent company, and the subsidiaries relationship to each other is that of sister companies. a holding and its subsidiaries form a group.a conglomerate is a group containing a lot of different companies in different businesses. journalists also refer to large groups as giants.注释：holding company 控股公司 subsidiary 子公司wholly-owned subsidiary 全资子公司 parent company 母公司sister company 姐妹公司 group 集团公司conglomerate 联合大企业giant 大企业；企业巨人（新闻用语）二、predators,raiders,and white knights 掠夺者、抢劫者和善意合作者the takeover process is often described in terms of one animal hunting another: a company or individual seeking to take over another company may be referred to as a predator, and the target company as the prey. predators are also referred to as raiders or corporate raiders.a company wishing to resist, ward off, or fend off being taken over has a number of options. it may devise plans that give existing shareholders special rights, or it may make itself less attractive to bidders by selling off a valuable part of the company, or holding on to an unattractive one. actions like these are poison pills.or it may persuade a friendly partner, a white knight, to take a stake in the company, thus preventing a complete takeover by a hostile bidder. bidders may agree to withdraw their bid if paid enough money for the shares they hold in the target company. this is green mail.注释：predator 掠夺者(恶意吞并其它企业) prey 猎物(被恶意并购的企业)raider 掠夺者(恶意并购其它企业) corporate raider 合伙掠夺者fend off a bid 阻止收购 ward off a bid 阻止收购poison bill毒药(公司通过给予股东某些特权、或卖掉部分有价值资产，而持有或购进价值不大的资产，从而减少自己对并购公司的吸引力)white knight指购买公司部分股份以免遭兼并企业完全兼并的善意和或者。

individual proprietorship 个体经营partnership 合伙企业corporation 公司企业unlimited liability 无限责任limited liability 有限责任Home office 公司总部Business activities 经济活动operating activities 经营活动business house 商行；商号financial activities 筹资活动capital stock 股本trade association 贸易协会creditor 债权人to trade in 经营某商品business scope / frame 经营范围trading firm / house 贸易行，商行to do business in a moderate way 做生意稳重commercial channels 商业渠道commercial transaction 买卖，交易manufacturer 制造商，制造厂middleman 中间商，经纪人dealer 经销商wholesaler 批发商retailer 零售商tradesman 零售商merchant 商人（英）批发商，（美）零售商concessionaire, licensed dealer 授让人，特许权获得者stocks 存货，库存量bulk sale 整批销售，趸售wholesale 批发retail trade 零售业cash sale 现货hire – purchase 分期付款购买(美作：installment plan) registered trademark 注册商标registered office, head office 总公司，总店，总部public ownership 公有制private ownership 私有制foreign – funded enterprise 外资企业joint venture 合资企业cooperative enterprise 合作企业wholly foreign owned / funded enterprise 外资企业common ground 共同点adjustment and compromise调整和妥协common interest 共同利益advantageous contract 有利的合同bargaining range 谈判范围concede ground 让步，屈服bargaining strength 谈判实力concession trading 让步贸易bargaining 讨价还价conflicting interests利益冲突basic interests基本利益conflicting objectives冲突的目标behavioral norms 行为规范core outcomes 核心结果bottom line 谈判底线defensive - offensive posture 防守—进攻立场breakdown in negotiation 谈判破裂collective well - being 集体利益difficult decisions 决策困难dogmatic negotiator 独断的谈判者negotiation sketch 谈判简图equitable agreement 公平合理的协议negotiation skills 谈判技巧exaggerated positions 言过其实的的立场on the routine basis 在惯例的基础上expected benefits 期待的谈判结果one-off business 一锤子买卖face-to-face negotiation 面对面谈判opening position 初步价位factual information 实际信息optimal timing 最佳时机fail to reach any agreement 无法达成协议optimize the interests使利益最优化pull tricks 耍花招failure of negotiation 谈判失败renounce a negotiation 放弃谈判favorable outcomes 利好结果reservation price 保留价格give-and-take 给予和索取room for maneuver 周旋的余地good joint outcome 互惠的共同结果rough style 激烈的谈判风格scheduling of concessions 让步进程information loophole 信息空缺settle differences 解决分歧sham position 虚假立场signal firmness 表现出坚定立场knock-down fight 强力反击stakes 投资资金leverage 手段，优势straight compromise 彻底妥协mange concessions 掌握让步的分寸strategic activity 策略活动strategic ploy 战略手段margins of maneuver 机动空间strategy formulation 策略构想marked disadvantage 明显的劣势stumbling block 绊脚石maximize the interests 使利益最大化successful implementation 成功实施tactical moves 谈判技巧minimum level of acceptance 最底的接受底线terms and conditions 条款和条件negotiation processes 谈判过程access to power 利用权力choice assignments 选择权的分配achieve recognition 得到公认continual compliance 一味迁就acquire power 获取权力courage under fire 应对责难的勇气analytical ability 分析能力create opportunities 创造机会breed resistance 导致怨恨critical task 重要任务breed resistance 导致反抗decisional role 决策作用build reputation 树立威信delegate responsibilities 授权build trusting relationships 建立依赖关系direct intervention 直接干预eliminate the bottleneck 消除瓶颈问题chaotic situation 混乱局面enhance the power 增强权力norm of reciprocity 互利互惠的规范exert influence 施加影响exert information 提取信息office layout 办公室布局follow directions 遵从指示organizational capacity 组织目标formal influence 正式影响organizational principle 组织原则gain power 获得权力organizational structure 组织结构give recommendation 提供建议organizationally ambitious 对组织工作有远大抱负的good judgment 正确的判断organization’s ends 组织目标higher-up 上级personal attractiveness 个人魅力holder of an office 公职人员power acquisition 赢得权力individual goal 个人目标power seeker 权力的追求者induce cooperation 促使合作pressing deskwork 紧迫的案头工作informal influence 非正式影响promote visibility 提高显著程度informational function 信息功能public speaking skills 演讲技能interactions 相互交流relevance of the work 工作的实用性interpersonal activities 交际活动leader power 领导权力sense of timing 选择时机的意识leadership arts 领导艺术serve on committee 在委员会任职leadership position 领导职位sheer willingness 完全积极主动leadership responsibility 领导责任show one’s stuff 展现自我leadership science 领导科学sincere interest 真诚的兴趣legitimate reason 正当理由sneaky tactics 卑鄙的手段low-power position 低等的权利职务subgroup goal 子群体目标subordinate 下属make a good impression 留下好印象technical decision-making 技术决策technical expertise 专业技术managerial job 管理工作managerial skills 管理技能workers’ grievnances 工人的抱怨net influence 净影响account holder 开户人account number 账号automatic teller machine 自动取款机average rate of interest 平均利率balance 余额bank depositor 银行储户bank teller 银行出纳员banking regulations 银行管理制度bounce burglar alarm 被银行退票cancelled check 防盗警报certificate of deposit 已注销的支票checking account 存单close an account 结清账户demand account 活期账户demand deposit 活期存款deposit inducement 吸纳存款deposit interest 银行利息depositor 存款人deposit 存款overdrawn 透支的paid check 已付支票passbook saving 存折储蓄payee 收款人petty current deposit 小额活期存款predetermined maturity 预先规定的到期日rate limit 利率限制receiving teller 收款员record keeping 记账saver 储户saving account 储蓄账户saving deposit 储蓄存款savings bank 储蓄银行service charge 服务费source of funding 资金来源statement 结算清单early withdrawal 提前取款effective overall cost 实际总成本explicit interest 现付利息fixed maturity 规定到期日fixed rate 固定利率flexible maturity 灵活到期日insufficient funds 资金不足interest penalty 罚息interest – bearing deposit 计息liquidity reserves 流动性储备资金make additions 增加存款make withdrawals 提款maturity 到期日negotiable certificates of deposit 可转让存单negotiable instrument 流通票据negotiable order of withdrawal accounts 可转让提款单账户nonnegotiable 不能转让的note circulation 钞票流通open an account 开户头a order of withdrawal 提款命令out of business 破产outstanding check 未竞现支票overdrawn account 透支账户stop payment order 止付令stopping payment on a check 停付支票terminate the account 结束账户time deposit 定期存款trustworthy 可依赖的uniformed guard 便衣保安unobstructed counter 没有障碍的护栏variable – rate 浮动利率vaults 保管库volume of deposits 存款量withdrawal application 提款申请withdrawal order 提款命令，支取单withdrawal receipt 提款收据withdrawal 取款working balance 往来余额accounting 会计、会计学financial transactions 金融交易financial statements 财务报表public accountant 公共会计师、会计师certified public accountant 执业会计师Accepted Accounting Principles 公认会计原则audit 审计statement 报表periodic statements 定期报表balance sheet 资产负债表income statement 收益表、损益表asset accounts 资产账户current assets 流动资产revenue 收入、收益expenses 支出、开支net income 净利润operating income 营业收入interest expense 利息支出income before tax 税前收入gross profit 毛利depreciation 折旧accumulated depreciation 累计折旧owner’s equity 业主权益、业主产权bad debt 坏账备抵savings and loans 储蓄与放款、信用合作社brokerage firms 经纪人事务所control operations 控制经营活动cost – effectiveness balance 成本效益平衡原则creditor 债权人net profit margin 纯利润率notes payable 应付票据posting 过账solvency 偿付能力working capital 运营资本、流动资本informed decisions 精明的决策internal control 内部控制原则account payable 应付账款accounts receivable 应收账款accumulated deficit 累计亏损absentee ballot 缺席投票balance sheet 资产负债表better returns 更好的回报broker 股票经纪人business prospects 业务展望buy a call 买进期权call price 股票购进价格chart 走势图common stock 普通股company effect 公司的影响core businesses 核心行业current price of gold 黄金现价current share price 股票现价dividend 股息dominant factor 决定因素draw lines to find resistance 找阻力线draw lines to find support 找支持势线draw lines to find trends 画走势线earnings outlook 盈利潜能earnings per share 第股盈利earnings trend 赢利趋势economic uncertainty 经济不稳定exercise price 认购价exercise the option 行使有关期权external factor 外在因素financial ratios 财务比率financial strength 财务实力forward contract 远期合同fundamental analysis 基本面分析fundamental of the company 公司的基本面future price movement 未来股价走势futures contract 期货合同hire-purchase company 租赁信托公司historical records 历史记录income statement 损益表stock return 股票回报stock trading 股票交易strong economic growth强势经济增长superior returns 优厚的回报supply-demand balance 供求平衡sustain a loss 蒙受亏损balance sheet items 资产与负债表的项目indicator 指标，指数information economy 信息经济initial public stock offerings 公开发行的原始股intrinsic value 实际价值investor 投资人issue additional stock 增发股票joint stock company 合股公司market factor 市场因素market movement 市场行情market prices 市场价格market system 市场经济体制move in a uptrend 持续攀升normal economic forces 正常经济力量option 期权overwhelming evidence 非常明确的证据part – owner 合伙股东price movements 股价走势price of a stock 股价price of the call 买进期权的价格price of the put 卖出期权的价格price – earnings ratio 价格收益比率professional investor 专业投资者proxy 代理投票sell short the shares 卖空股票sequence of analysis 分析的先后顺序share price 股价shareholder 股东size of the loss 亏损程度stock exchange 证券交易所stock information 股票信息stock market 股市stock price 股价tech stock 高科技股票technical analysis 技术分析undervalued 贬值的unstableness of market 市场不稳定upward price trend 股价逐步升高volume of a stock 成交量voting power 表决权share, equity, stock 股票、股权bond, debenture, debts 债券negotiable share 可流通股份convertible bond 可转换债券treasury/ government bond 国库券/ 政府债券corporate bond 企业债券closed – end securities investment fund封闭式证券投资基金open – end securities investment fund 开放式证券投资基金fund manager 基金经理/ 管理公司fund custodian bank 基金托管银行market capitalization 市值p/ e (price/ earning) ratio 市盈率mark – to – market 逐日盯市payment versus delivery 银券交付clearing and settlement 清算/ 结算commodity/ financial derivatives 商品/ 金融衍生产品put/ call option 看跌/ 看涨期权margins, collateral 保证金rights issue/ offering 配股bonus share 红股dividend 红利/ 股息ADR (American Depository Receipt) 美国存托凭证/ 存股证GDR (Global Depository Receipt) 全球存托凭证/ 存股证retail/ private investor 个人投资者/ 散户institutional investor 机构投资者broker/ dealer 券商proprietary trading 自营insider trading/ dealing 内幕交易market manipulation 市场操纵prospectus 招股说明书IPO (Initial Public Offering) 新股/ 初始公开发行merger and acquisition 收购兼并marketing concept 营销观念，营销概念marketing program 营销计划marketing mix 营销组合marketing channel 营销渠道marketing research 市场调研，营销调研target market 目标市场marketer 市场商人，商家production-oriented 面向生产的consumer-oriented 面向消费者的consumer satisfaction 消费者感到满意distribution system 销售系统，分销渠道distribution channel 销售渠道sales force 销售队伍promotion 促销advertising 广告personal selling 向个人推销publicity 宣传，媒体宣传sales promotion 促销promotion activity 促销活动demonstration 展示，展示会sweepstake 抽奖free sample 免费赠送的样品coupon 赠券，订货附单resaler 转售商intermediary 中间商，中间人middleman 中间商，中间人mass selling 大批销售research method 研究方法potential customer 潜在客户primary data 原始数据，原始资料，第一手资料consumer reaction 消费者的反应inventory control 存货，库存warehousing 仓储storing 储存grading 分类，分级risk taking 承担风险wholesale 批发retail 零售to identify customer needs 认清客户需求to obtain information 获得信息to collect/ gather data 收集资料to interpret data 分析资料to run the risk of failure 冒失败的风险tangible product 有形产品intangible product 无形产品consumer product 消费产品industrial product 工业产品，供工业使用的产品competing product 竞争产品sample product 样品产品potential product 潜在产品life cycle of a product 产品生命周期introduction 引入期growth 成长期maturity 成熟期decline 衰退期potential profitability 潜在获利可能性marketing mix 营销组合promotion 促销promotion cost 促销成本gross national product (GNP) 国民生产总值research and development (R&D) 研究与开发market research 市场调查product development 产品开发text marketing 试营销customer loyalty 顾客忠诚度distribution channels 销售渠道consumer taste 消费者爱好buying motive 购买动机purchasing habits 购买习惯expert examination专家鉴定opinion leader 引导舆论的专家或行家packaging 包装brand 商标，牌号label 标识，标签to make a purchase 购买to fend off competitors 排除竞争者to break even 收支相抵，持平to meet the needs and expectations of customers 满足消费者的需求和期望to be outdated 过时ad valorem tariff 从价关税balance of payment 国际收支balance – of – payments deficit 国际收支逆差bill of exchange 汇票business norms 商业准则capital resources 资本财源commercial credit 商业信用competitive advantage 竞争优势conflicts of interest 利益矛盾consumer protection 消费者保护currency 货币customs duty 关税deficit 逆差depreciate 贬值documentary credit 跟单信用证domestic demand 国内需求domestic trade 国内贸易dominate 支配，占优势dumping 倾销economic motivation 经济动机encash 兑现ethnocentric 种族中心倾向excessive interventionism 过度干预主义exchange rate 兑换率export intelligence department 出口信息部export market 出口市场export subsidies 出口补贴exportable commodities 可供出口的商品favorable balance of payments 国际收支顺差financial assistance 财政资助fluctuation 波动foreign currency 外币free interflow 自由流通free trading system 自由贸易体系government intervention 政府干预government purchases政府采购high technology 高科技技术import commitment 进口承诺importing agent 进口代理商importing and exporting firms 进出口公司importing channel 进口渠道independent currency system 独立货币体系infant industry argument 幼稚工业保护论international trade 国际贸易intervene with trade 干预贸易interventionist 干涉主义者invisible trade 无形贸易locally produced products 本地生产的产品market economy 市场经济mercantilism 营利主义mercantilist theory 重商主义者的理论merchant 商人monetary conversion 货币兑换national security 国家安全nonsubsidized industry 非补贴工业profit margins 利润幅度quota 配额redistribution of resources 资源重新分配register of shipping 船籍登记relative differences 相对差异retaliatory tariff 报复性关税run deficits 遭受逆差separate treatment 分别对待start – up period 起步阶段surplus 顺差tariff for retaliation 报复关税tariff 关税technical assistance 技术协助trade barrier 贸易壁垒Trade Protectionism 贸易保护主义trade restrictions 贸易限制trade surplus 贸易顺差trade theory 贸易理论trade – expanding devices 贸易扩张手段trade – restricting devices 贸易限制手段trading partner 贸易伙伴unfamiliar territories 陌生的地域unfavorable 逆差的values of imports 进口价值visible trade 有形贸易welfare economy 福利经济welfare state 福利国家career planning 职业计划career path 职业道路career development 职业发展self-assessment 自我评价career anchors 职业动机incentive compensation 奖金profit sharing 分红制frequency rate 频率stress 紧张role conflict 角色冲突union 工会local union 地方工会craft union 行业工会industrial union 产业工会national union 全国工会bargaining union 谈判组collective bargaining 劳资谈判arbitration 仲裁strike 罢工internal employee relations 内部员工关系discipline 纪律disciplinary action 纪律处分grievance 申诉demotion 降职transfer 调动promotion 晋升corporate culture 企业文化organizational culture 企业文化esprit de corps [法]团结精神；集体精神sense of identity 认同感sense of togetherness 团结一致的感觉shared values 员工共同拥有的价值观念organizational motto 企业格言role models 模范；学习榜样number 1 rule 最重要的规则；头等大事informal system of rules 不成文的规章制度bureaucracy 官僚主义company uniform 公司制服probation period 试用期proving period 证明自己的阶段；试用期standard of performance 衡量工作表现或业绩的标准quality product 优质产品timely service 及时服务rites and rituals 仪式employee stock ownership plan 员工拥有股份的计划profit-sharing program 利润分享方案to indoctrinate 灌输信仰或意识to brainwash 洗脑to communicate culture 传播企业文化to promote corporate culture 促进企业文化to fashion a specific value system 形成具体的价值体系to emulate somebody 学习某人to motivate employees 激励员工organization development, OD 组织发展survey feedback 调查反馈quality circles 质量圈management by objective, MBO 目标管理Total Quality Management, TQM 全面质量管理team building 团队建设cohesive force in enterprise 企业凝聚力detail management 细节管理core value 核心价值corporate principle 企业准则organizational effectiveness 机构效能result oriented 结果定向stability 稳定性innovation 创新initiative 主动human relationship 人际关系competitive 竞争enterprising 进取心loyalty 忠诚ambition 雄心cooperation 合作integrity 诚信teamwork 团队execution 执行tenacity 坚韧glory 辉煌ethics 道德标准business concept 经营理念cohesive force in enterprise 企业凝聚力corporate image (CI) / enterprise image 企业形象EOI 意向申请。