怎样看对初中英语阅读理解中的细节题和推理题
一、做细节事实题的方法
在阅读理解题目中，有相当一部分是考查细节和事实的题目。这类题目相对容易一些。这些题目有两个共同特点：(1) 凡属针对特定细节的考题，其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字部分作为验证。这一部分可能是一个词或短语，也可能是一个句子或相关的若干句子，但句式、用词和表达方式不同。(2) 干扰项往往是主体思想与细节混杂，正确答案细节和非正确答案的细节混杂，甚至真假混杂。因此，要做好阅读理解中的确定细节和事实的题目，一要在文章中找出相应的信息点，二要排除干扰项。
二、做推理判断题的方法
所谓推断，就是根据阅读材料中所提供的信息，推断出未知的信息。即把有关的文字作为已知部分，从中推断出未知部分。据以推断的有关文字可能是词或句子，也可能是若干句子，甚至是全文。中考英语试题中的推断题主要有以下几种：
1．事实推断
这种推断常常针对某一个或几个具体细节，是比较简单的推断。进行这种推断，要首先在文章中找出据以推断的有关文字，然后加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行间的意思。例如：
According to the passage, which of the following can you most possibly watch on TV?
A. You often play football with your friends after school.
B. Your teacher has got a cold.
C. A tiger in the city zoo has run out and hasn’t been caught.
D. The bike in front of your house is lost.
在阅读材料中，有这样一段文字：
Secondly, a news story has to be interesting and unusual. People don’t want to read stories about everyday life. As a result, many stories are about some kind of danger and seem to be “bad” news.
根据这段文字，我们可以推断：电视报道的新闻故事必须是有趣的和不平常的。因此，正确答案应为C。
2．指代推断
确定代词的含义和指代对象是阅读理解题常见的题目。要确定指代词所指代的对象，关键在于对所在上下文的正确理解。指代名词的指代词，其单复数形式英语被指代的词一致，因此数的形式可作为识别指代对象第一个辅助标志。
3．逻辑推断
这类题目往往是要求根据文章所提供的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言来推断出人物的态度或感觉。
4．对作者的意图和态度的推断
这一类考题大都要求考生就作者对论述对象持什么样的态度做出推断，如作者对所陈述的观点是赞同、反对，还是犹豫不定，对记述或描写的人、物或事件是赞颂、同情、冷漠，还是厌恶。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩不一定直接表述出来，而往往隐含在字里行间。因此，进行这种推断时，我们既要依靠短文的主题思想作为推力的前提，又要注意作者的措辞，尤其是形容词一类的修饰语。
（一）初中英语阅读理解 Little Tom down the street calls our dog "The keep dog".Zip is a sheep dog. But when Tom tries to say" Seep", it comes out "keep". And in a way Tom is right. Zip is always bringing things home for us to keep! I'll tell you about some of them. Zip's first present was a shoe. It was made of green silk. We didn't know how Zip found the shoe. But after a moment Mary, my big sister, told me the shoe had a strange smell. I nodded(点头)and held my nose. "What do you think it is?" "It smells like something for cleaning. I think someone tried to clean a spot (污点) off the shoe. Then he put it at the door to dry." "Along came Zip. And good-bye shoe!" I said."We should take it back." "We can't ".said my sister. "Maybe little Tom is right," Mary said. "Maybe Zip is a keep dog!" 1.The writer and Mary didn't know______. A.what Zip's first present was B.how Zip carried its first present home C.who owned Zip's first present D.what Zip's first present was made of 2.Tom calls Zip "the keep dog"because ______. A.the dog likes keeping things B.the dog likes playing with shoes C.he doesn't know the dog's name D.he can't pronounce the word "sheep"well 3.What made the shoe strange was ______. A.its colour B.its smell C.its size D.that it was a silk one 4.The word "keep"in the last sentence means "_____" A.keeping things for itself B.bringing things for other to keep C.not letting it run about D.taking care of a small child 5.We can know from the reading that the dog _____. A. likes to give presents to people B.has been kept in at the writer's home C.has brought some trouble D.likes to be called "the keep dog" Key: 1.C 2.D 3.B 4.B 5.C
Passage 1 When Christopher Columbus landed on the then unnamed Costa Rica in 1502, he saw many Indians wearing gold earrings. So he thought the land must be rich in gold. He named the place Costa Rica, which means “rich coast” in Spanish. Though little gold was found, Costa Rica today is indeed rich with coffee and bananas. Coffee is the most important product in Costa Rica and most of it is exported (出口) to other countries like America and West Germany. Bananas are the country’s second most important export. Costa Ricans also grow many other crops such as fruits, corn and beans for their own use. Costa Ricans love colors and their houses are painted in bright colors. Education is very important to the Costa Ricans. Almost every village has a school and education is a must for children between seven and fourteen years of age. Boys and girls go to separate (单独的) schools. Classes begin in March and end in November. The other three months of the year are harvest time and the children have to help their parents to pick coffee beans. 1. What’s the main idea of the first paragraph? A. How Columbus found Costa Rica. B. How Costa Rica got its name. C. What the Costa Ricans wore. D. What language the Costa Ricans spoke. 2. The Costa Ricans may NOT paint their houses ______. A. pink and red B. grey and black C. blue and green D. yellow and orange 3. In Costa Rica, boys and girls between seven and fourteen ______. A. must go to school B. study in the same school C. do not have to go to school at all D. can choose to stop schooling at any time 4. From December to February, school children in Costa Rica ______. A. have lessons every day B. have their examinations C. help their parents pick coffee beans D. help their parents decorate their houses 5. This passage is mainly about ______. A. Christopher Columbus B. Costa Rica C. some products from Costa Rica D. the education of Costa Rica 答案1-5 BBACB Passage 2 Christian Eijkman, a Dutch doctor, left the Netherlands for the island of Java. Many people on the island had a disease called beri?鄄beri. He was going there to try and find a cure. At first, Eijkman thought some kind of germ (细菌) caused beri-beri. He raised some chickens. He didn’t eat them, but made experiments on them. The local people were quite surprised at that. One day he noticed that his chickens became sick when they were fed the food most Javanese ate —refined white rice (精炼米). When he fed them with unrefined rice, also known as brown rice, they recovered. Eijkman realized that he had made an important discovery —that some things in food could prevent disease. These things were named vitamins (维生素). The Javanese were not getting enough vitamins because they had actually removed the part that contains vitamins. Later, other diseases were also found to be caused by the lack of vitamins in a person’s food. Today many people know the importance of vitamins and they make sure they have enough vitamins from the food they eat. If they don’t, they can also take vitamin pills. 6. The underlined word “cure” in Paragragh 1 probably means ______. A. a medical treatment B. a kind of vitamin C. a kind of germ D. a kind of rice 7. Christian Eijkman went to the island of Java to ______. A. spend his holiday B. find ways to grow better crops C. do some research about the island D. h8lp the Javanese with their illness 8. Why did Christian Eijkman raise some chickens?
英语阅读理解最新详解-如何应对阅读理解中的细节题和推理题 一、做细节事实题的方法 在阅读理解题目中，有相当一部分是考查细节和事实的题目。这类题目相对容易一些。这些题目有两个共同特点：(1) 凡属针对特定细节的考题，其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字部分作为验证。这一部分可能是一个词或短语，也可能是一个句子或相关的若干句子，但句式、用词和表达方式不同。(2) 干扰项往往是主体思想与细节混杂，正确答案细节和非正确答案的细节混杂，甚至真假混杂。因此，要做好阅读理解中的确定细节和事实的题目，一要在文章中找出相应的信息点，二要排除干扰项。 二、做推理判断题的方法 所谓推断，就是根据阅读材料中所提供的信息，推断出未知的信息。即把有关的文字作为已知部分，从中推断出未知部分。据以推断的有关文字可能是词或句子，也可能是若干句子，甚至是全文。中考英语试题中的推断题主要有以下几种： 1．事实推断 这种推断常常针对某一个或几个具体细节，是比较简单的推断。进行这种推断，要首先在文章中找出据以推断的有关文字，然后加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行间的意思。例如：According to the passage, which of the following can you most possibly watch on TV? A. You often play football with your friends after school. B. Your teacher has got a cold. C. A tiger in the city zoo has run out and hasn't been caught. D. The bike in front of your house is lost. 在阅读材料中，有这样一段文字： Secondly, a news story has to be interesting and unusual. People don't want to read stories about everyday life. As a result, many stories are about some kind of danger and seem to be "bad" news. 根据这段文字，我们可以推断：电视报道的新闻故事必须是有趣的和不平常的。因此，正确答案应为C。 2．指代推断 确定代词的含义和指代对象是阅读理解题常见的题目。要确定指代词所指代的对象，关键在于对所在上下文的正确理解。指代名词的指代词，其单复数形式英语被指代的词一致，因此数的形式可作为识别指代对象第一个辅助标志。 3．逻辑推断 这类题目往往是要求根据文章所提供的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言来推断出人物的态度或感觉。 4．对作者的意图和态度的推断 这一类考题大都要求考生就作者对论述对象持什么样的态度做出推断，如作者对所陈述的观点是赞同、反对，还是犹豫不定，对记述或描写的人、物或事件是赞颂、同情、冷漠，还是厌恶。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩不一定直接表述出来，而往往隐含在字里行间。因此，进行这种推断时，我们既要依靠短文的主题思想作为推力的前提，又要注意作者的措辞，尤其是形容词一类的修饰语。 阅读理解10篇 Many children use the Internet to get useful knowledge and information, and to relax in their free time. But some of them are not using in a good way. Here are some rules to make sure you are safe and have fun on the Internet.
诺贝尔的故事 Alfred Nobel, the great Swedish inventor and industrialist, was born in Stockholm on October 21, 1833, but moved to Russia with his parents in 1842, where his father, Immanuel, made a strong position for himself in the engineering industry. Immanuel Nobel invented landmine and made a lot of money from the government during the Crimean War, but went bankrupt soon after. Then, the family returned to Sweden in 1859, where Alfred began his own study of explosives in his father’s lab. He had never been to school or university but had taught himself, and by the time he was twenty, he became a skillful chemist and excellent linguist, speaking Swedish, Russian, German, French and English. He built up over 80 companies in 20 different countries. He was always searchi ng for a meaning to life. He spent much time and money working on how to end the wars, and the peace between nations, until his death in Italy in 1896. His famous last will, in which he left money to provide prizes for outstanding work in physics, chemistry, physiology, medicine, literature and peace, is a memorial to his interests and ideas. And so, the man is remembered and respected long after his death. 根据短文内容，选择能回答所提问题的正确答案。 1. Where was Alfred Nobel born? He was born in ________. A. Sweden B. Stockholm C. Russia D. Moscow 2. What did Immanuel Nobel invented during the Crimean War? A. The engineering industry. B. A strong position. C. Landmine. D. Study of explosives. 3. Why did Alfred Nobel return to Sweden ? Because his father ________. A. went bankrupt B. was put in prison C. was ill D. died
（21） A Clever Bird A man has a bird. It is very clever. Every day the man speaks to the bird.“Hello!”he says. “Hello!”the bird answers.“What are you doing?”says the man.“What are you doing?”says the bird. The man is not at home one day. A thief comes in. He is taking many things.“Hello!”The thief hears the bird's words.“What are you doing?”The thief is very afraid，so he does not take any things and runs out of the house. 1. The man teaches the bird ________. A. how to say something B. how to sing songs C. how to eat something D. how to dance 2. The bird is ________. A. very nice B. very clever C. very beautiful D. very silly(傻的) 3. The man speaks to the bird ________. A. sometimes B. once a week C. every week D. every day 4. The thief is taking ________ things from the house. A. a few B. a little C. a lot of D. some 5. The thief ________ out of the room. A. walks B. comes C. runs D. goes 参考答案 1. A 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. C (22 ) What Are Stars Like? Have you ever wondered about the stars? In some ways，stars are like people. They are born. They grow old. And they die. A star is born from dust and gas. Slowly the dust and gas make a ball. The ball gets very hot. Then it starts to give off light. The young star grows into a giant. Many years go by. The older star begins to get small again. At last its light goes out. The star's life is over. 1. Dust and _________ make a star. A. gas B. snow C. rain 2. This story tells about _________. A. old people B. the life of a star C. the number of stars in the sky 3. In the first part of the story，what does the word “wondered”mean? A. moved B. looked at C. asked yourself 4. Stars give off light because they are very _________.
初中英语阅读理解精选(附有答案)
初中英语阅读理解 初中英语阅读理解精选 阅读理解一： Dick lived in England. One day in January he said to his wife， "I'm going to fly to New York next week because I've got some work there." "Where are you going to stay there？" his wife asked. "I don't know yet." Dick answered. "Please send me your address from there in a telegram （电报），" his wife said. "All right，" Dick answered. He flew to New York on January 31st and found a nice hotel in the center of the city. He put his things in his room and then he sent his wife a telegram. He put the address of his hotel in it. In the evening he didn't have any work，so he went to a cinema. He came out at nine o'clock and said，"Now I'm going back to my hotel and have a nice dinner." He found a taxi （出租车）and the driver said，"Where do you want to go？" But Dick didn't remember the name and address of his hotel. "Which hotel are my things in？" he said，"And what am I going to do tonight？" But the driver of the taxi did not know. So Dick got out and went into a post office. There he sent his wife another telegram，and in it he wrote， "Please send me my address at this post office." Choose the right answer 1. Dick flew to New York because ___. A. he went there for a holiday B. he had work there C. he went there for sightseeing （观光） D. his home was there 2. Why did his wife want a telegram from him？ A. Because she didn't know his address yet B. Because she wanted to go to New York， too C. Because she might send him another telegram D. Because she couldn't leave her husband by himself in New York 3. Where did Dick stay in New York？ A. In the center of the city. B. In a hotel. C. In a restaurant. D. At his friend's house. 4. Who would send him the name and address of his hotel？ A. The manager （经理） of his hotel. B. The police office. C. The taxi driver. D. His wife. 5. Which of the following is not true？
I In the early 1990s,the word” Internet” was strange to most people. But today, Internet has become a useful tool for people all over the world. Maybe Internet has been the greatest invention in the field of communication in the history of mankind（人类） Communicating with others on the Internet is much faster. We can chat with a person who is sitting in the other part of the world. We can e-mail our friends and they can read the e-mails within a minute. Giving all kinds of information is probably the biggest advantage of the Internet. We can use search engines to find the information we need. Just type in a keyword or keywords and the search engine will give us a list of suitable websites to look at. We can enjoy a lot on the Internet by downloading games, visiting chat rooms or surfing （浏览）websites. There
2020初三英语阅读理解及答案 下面有一篇文章，希望同学们用10分钟将此题做完，然后对照讲解找到准确的答案。 Passage 1 If you look at the sky one night and see something moving and shining that you have never seen before, it might be a comet (彗星). A comet sometimes looks like a star. Like a planet, a comet has no light of its own. It shines from the sunlight it reflects (反射). Like the earth, a comet goes round the sun, but on a much longer path (轨道) than the earth travels. If a comet isn’t a sta r, what is it then? Some scientists think that a large part of a comet is water frozen into pieces of ice and mixed with iron and rock dust and perhaps a few big pieces of rock. When sunshine melts (融化) the ice in the comet, great clouds of gas go trailing after it. These clouds, together with the dust, form a long tail. Many people perhaps have seen a comet. However no one knows how many comets there are. There may be millions of comets, but only a few come close enough for us to see. An Englishman named Edmund Halley, who lived from 1656 to 1742, found out a lot about the paths that comets take through the sky. Some comets move out of our sight and never come back. Others keep coming back at regular times. A big comet that keeps coming back was named after Halley because
高考阅读理解之细节理解题 姓名：______________ 班级：____________________ 提醒语： 1．确定题干，到原文快速搜索相关信息，对信息进行处理！ 2．忌主观臆断！ 3．细节题是高考考查的重点，占阅读的50%，应重视。 【考例分析1】For many parents, raising a teenager is like fighting a long war, but years go by without any clear winner. Like a border conflict between neighboring countries, the parent-teen war is about boundaries: Where is the line between what I control and what you do? （2010·湖北卷·B篇） Why does the author compare the parent-teen war to a border conflict? A. Both can continue for generations B. Both are about where to draw the line C. Neither has any clear winner D. Neither can be put to an end 【考例分析2】The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral. They compared how accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies. （2010·湖南卷·C） What were the people asked to do in the study? A. To make a face at each other. B. To get their faces impressive. C. To classify some face pictures. D. To observe the researchers? faces. 【考例分析3】Confucius suggested Rule as a principle for the conduct of “Do not do to others what you would not want others to you. ”He assumed that all men were equal at birth, though some potential than others, and that it was knowledge that set men apart. Socrates focused on individual, and thought that the greatest purpose of man was to seek wisdom. He believed that some had more potential to develop their reason than others did. Like Confucius, he believed that the superior class should rule the inferior(下层的)classes. （2010·江西卷·C）Socrates shared with Confucius the idea that . A. all men were equal when they were born B. the lower classes should be ruled by the upper class C. the purpose of man was to seek freedom and wisdom D. people should not ask others to do what they did not want to 【考例分析4】Since Beijing's first ski resort was opened ten years ago, the sport has enjoyed astonishing increase. There are now more than a dozen resorts. Clothes markets in the city have added bright colored ski suits to their winter collections. Mr. Wei, a manager of a newly-opened ski resort in Beijing, sees the growth of an industry that could soon lead Chinese to head for the ski resorts of Europe. In recent years ski resorts offering natural snow have opened in China. But many are in faraway areas of the country and can't really match the equipment and services of some ski resorts in Europe. （2010·全国卷II·C） Why are some Chinese likely to go skiing in Europe? A. To visit more ski areas. B. To ski on natural snow. C. For a large collection of ski suits. D. For better services and equipment. 【考例分析5】He longs for conversations with an editor who will help him turn his good ideas into great ones.
2020-2021中考英语英语阅读理解精选及答案 一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷 1．阅读理解 At some point in life, many people develop a mental (精神) problem. While most people get over it, for others it doesn't go away easily. The WHO says that about 20 percent of teenagers worldwide suffer from mental illness. It's thought that the number of teenagers with mental illness around the world will increase by half by 2020. It will become one of the main causes of illness, and even death. In China, the picture isn't bright, either. About one tenth of teenagers under the age of 17 have a mental health challenge. The world is changing fast. Study and relationships have always caused stress, but today the stress is much higher than before, the WHO said. A research centre in Oxford University says that young people today have big stresses at school. For example, they experience bullying (欺凌). In a 2017 report, the centre noted that the Internet was a special source (渠道) of stress. Online, young people often see "messages about perfection" and this causes the young "great uncertainty about their futures", says the centre. Also, according to China Daily, Chinese people don't ask for help with their mental problems. They fear that others will think less of them if they say that they are in mental trouble. Elaine Peng, a US mental health educator, makes a similar point. And in the UK, over three quarters of young people believe their mental problems have a social stigma. It is reported in 2017 that a quarter of young UK people wouldn't ask for help if they developed a mental problem. Young people who don't ask for help for their condition may be creating problems for themselves in the future. Elaine Peng warned that, "If we hide our mental health, it may remain a problem forever." "My message for young people is, if you feel something is wrong within you—ask for help," he told China Daily. （1）Which of the following is NOT the cause of stress according to the passage? A. Heavy schoolwork B. Being bullied at school. C. Some information from the Internet. D. Certainty about the future. （2）Why don't Chinese people ask for help with their mental problems? A. They don't think them serious. B. They can get over them in time. C. They can keep their mental health secret. D. They are afraid of being looked down upon.