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(完整)初中英语常用冠词讲义

(完整)初中英语常用冠词讲义
(完整)初中英语常用冠词讲义

讲义2:冠词

一、冠词的概念:冠词是一个虚词,它置于名词之前,限定名词的意义。二.冠词的分类:冠词可分为定冠词,不定冠词和零冠词三类

不定冠词有a,an两个,定冠词只有the,零冠词是不用冠词。

三、不定冠词的用法

1.a用于辅音发音开头的词前, 如:a book; an用于元音发音开头的词前,如:an apple, an hour

2.表示类别:这种用法是指某人或某物属于某一种类,或者指某一种类的人或物中的任何一个或一件,或者指某一种类的人或物,但不具体说明是何人或何物。例如:

That is a pen, not a pencil. 那是钢笔而不是铅笔。(指属于某一种类)

Give him a pear, please! 请给他一个梨。(指某一种类中的任何一个)

Listen! A boy is singing in the classroom.

3.和 one 的区别:a/an 表示类别、种类, One 强调数量。

a bus (表示是一辆公交车而不是一辆小汽车也不是火车)

one bus (强调是一辆车而不是两辆或三辆)

4. 表示基本单位,作“每一”讲。例如:three times a day, 10 yuan

a kilo

six class a day thirty miles an hour等。

四、定冠词的用法

1). 定冠词的最基本的用法是“特指”:表示某个或某些特定的人或物。

Beijing is the capital of China. 北京是中国的首都。2).再次提到上文提到过的人或物,应该用定冠词the。例如:Tom has an apple, The apple is big and red.

3). 指谈话双方都知道的人或物。例如:

Let’s go and give it to the teacher.咱们去把它交给老师吧。

4). 用于某些固定词组中。例如:

in the morning / afternoon / evening ,play the piano等。

5). 用在形容词前表示一类人。

the old 老人 the young 年轻人the rich富裕的人

6).用在序数词或形容词最高级前。

He is the tallest one in our class.

The first thing I want to say is to listen carefully in class.

7). 用在表示“姓”的复数名词前,表示一家人或夫妇二人

The Greens came to China two years ago .

8). 用在由普通名词构成的表示场所的专有名词前。

the Great Wall 长城 the Summer Place颐和园

9).在江河、山脉、湖泊、海洋、群岛、海峡、海湾运河前用the。

the Changjang River 长江

(注意在乐器前必须加定冠词如弹钢琴play the piano play the violin)

10).不能用定冠词the的几个方面:

(1)在节日、星期、月份、季节、年等词前不用冠词。如:in summer, in August

(2)一日三餐和球类运动名不用冠词。如:have breakfast ,play football

四、零冠词用法

1)在物质名词,抽象名词前不用冠词

The desk is made of wood.

2)国名,人名前通常不用定冠词:

England, China Mary Lilei Mr.Green

3). 在星期、月份,季节等名词前;Sunday March summer

4)名词前有物主代词,指示代词,不定代词,名词所有格修饰时

(this, my,that, those, these, her)

如:this morning my pen your watch whose bike 等

5) 在球类运动、一日三餐、学科和语言的名词前如:

have breakfast play chess play basketball

6)当by 与火车等交通工具连用,表示一种方式时,中间无冠词;

例:by bus, by train 等。

五、冠词练习

1、. ----How long does it take us to go to your hometown from here?

----It takes us hour or more to go to my hometown by train.

A. an; a

B. a ; an

C. an; /

D. a; /

【答案】C

【解析】冠词的考察hour 第一个字母h不发音,所以一小时应用an hour; by 介词,当交通工具前无修

2.John can play _____ guitar, but he can’t play ______ chess.

A. the;/

B./;the

C. the; the

答案:A

解析:考查冠词的用法。表示“弹奏乐器”使用定冠词the,表示“下棋”不使用冠词,故选A项。

3、—What ________ exciting sports show! —Yeah, I love this game.

A. a

B. the

C. an

答案:C

【解析】考查冠词的用法。exciting是元音音素开始的单词,所以用an。

4、I like music, but I don’t like ______ music of this film.

A. a

B. an

C. the

D.不填

答案:C

【解析】:冠词用法。不定冠词A 和an表泛指。定冠词The表特指。由句意“我喜欢音乐,但我不喜欢这部电影的音乐”。故选C。

5、–By the end of this year, China’s state an

d provincial (省

的) libraries will be free to the public.

–That’s_______ good news for those who of ten go to these places.

A. a

B. the

C. 不填

答案:C

【解析】冠词的用法。答语中news是一个不可数名词,故前面既不能用a也不能用an,定冠词the一般用于第二次提到的某个事物。

6、–What do you usually have for ______ breakfast , Peter?

–A friend egg, three pieces of bread and a glass of milk.

A. a

B. an

C. the

D. /

答案:D

解析: 考查冠词的用法。三餐前不用冠词,故选D项。

7、Let’s have ____ break; I want to make_______ telephone call.

A. a; a

B. a; the

C. the; a

D. the; the

答案:A

【解析】本题考查固定短语的构成。have a break是固定搭配,意为“休息一下”;make a telephone call也是固定搭配,意为“打电话”。故选A。

8、. —Do you know ______ girl who is standing u nder ____ tree?

—Of course! She is Lucy, my classmates.

A. the, the

B. a, a

C. a, /

D. /, the

答案:A

【解析】冠词用法。the用于特指某人(物),本句意思就是指树下站着的这个女孩,girl, tree都是特指,故选择A。

六、专项练习

1 Han Meimei is ___ Chinese girl. Lucy is ____ English girl.

A. a; a

B. an; an

C. a; an

D. an; a

2 A little boy wrote____ "U" and___ "n" on the wall.

A. a; an

B. an; a

C. an; an

D. a; a

3 _____ old lady in brown is____ university professor.

A. An; a

B. An; /

C. The; an

D. The; a

4 There are sixty minutes in____hour.

A. an

B. the

C. a

D. /

5 This is ____ interesting book and it is also ____ useful one.

A. an; an

B. an; the

C. an; a

D. a; a

6 A computer is ____useful tool in ____ world today.

A. an; the

B. a; the

C. the; the

D. a; a

7.Fancy saw____ accident in the street yesterday.

A. the

B. a

C. an

D. /

8.Now he is ___ artist. 1 have known him since he was ___ one-year-old boy.

A. a; an

B. a; a

C. an; an

D. an; a

9.Which bigger ___ elephant or ___ horse?

A. a; the

B. an; a

C. the; an

D. an; the

10 ____monkey can climb____trees.

A. /; the

B. A; /

C. The; a

D. /; /

11 ____ rains are faster than ____ buses.

A. /; /

B. The; /

C. /; the

D. The; a

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