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英语专业八级必考文学常识

英语专业八级必考文学常识
英语专业八级必考文学常识

英国

各时期特点要看书,只罗列作家作品

时期:

1The Old and Medieval Period中古英语文学8世纪-15世纪

2The Renaissance Period文艺复兴时期16世纪-17世纪莎士比亚时期或是伊丽莎白时代

3The period of Revolution and Restoration资产阶级革命和王政复辟时期17世纪Form:Poetry

4The Age of Enlightenment启蒙运动时期—Neo-Classicism新古典时期18世纪Form:prose Pope时代

5The Age of Romanticism浪漫主义时期18世纪-19世纪中期

6The Victorian Period维多利亚时期19世纪早期-20世纪初期Novel小说Charles Dickens 7The Modern Period现代主义时期19世纪末开始

普通英国人的生活,象征主义、stream of consciousness意识流-James Joyce、自然主义代替了现实主义。

之父:

1Geoffrey Chaucer杰弗里·乔叟the father of English poetry英语诗歌之父the father of English fiction英国小说之父

2King Alfred(英国散文之父

3Francis Bacon培根(唯物主义哲学奠基人,England’s first essayist英国第一个散文家

4Edmund Spencer斯宾塞the poets’poet诗人中的诗人

5John Donne the founder of the Metaphysical School玄学派诗人代表人物

6John Dryden德莱顿forerunner of the English classical school of literature古典主义的先驱Heroic couplet英雄双韵体father of English criticism批评文学之父

7Alexander Pope蒲白(18世纪最伟大诗人,representative of the Enlightenment新古典学派的代表人物,first introduce rationalism to England理性主义

8Daniel Defoe笛福the discoverer of the modern novel现实主义小说奠基人,Father of English and European英语和欧洲小说之父

9Henry Fielding Father of the English novel英国小说之父

10Jane Austin简·奥斯丁(英国第一位女性小说家)

11Alfred Tennyson丁尼生Poet of the people人民的诗人

桂冠诗人:Edmund Spencer斯宾塞John Dryden德莱顿William Wordsworth威廉·华兹华斯Robert Southey罗伯特·骚塞

苏格兰:Robert Burns;George Bernard Shaw

爱尔兰:Oscar Wilde;William Butler Yeats;James Joyce

1The Old and Medieval Period中古英语文学8世纪-15世纪P82

大多数是口述,14世纪被称为乔叟的时代Old English/Alliteration/Epic/Romance/Ballad

Anglo-Saxon Period异教pagan《Beowulf贝奥武夫》被认为是古代英语文学的开端,也是英语语言的最古老的诗歌。

The highest achievement of the Old English.Alliterative epic头韵史诗

●Middle English Period1066Norman Conquest诺曼入侵之后,Romance传奇逐渐成为文学的主要形式。

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight《高文爵士与绿衣骑士》

●William Langland威廉·郎格兰

Piers and Plowman《耕者皮尔斯》allegory寓言the early great works of English literature with Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales.

●Thomas Marlory托马斯·马洛礼Le Morte D’Arthur亚瑟王之死

Geoffrey Chaucer杰弗里·乔叟the father of English poetry英语诗歌之父the father of English fiction英国小说之父

The Canterbury Tales(坎特伯雷故事集)

●King Alfred(英国散文之父,翻译了大量拉丁文文献):Anglo-Saxon Chronicle(盎格鲁—撒克逊编年史)

●The Robin Hood Ballads《罗宾汉民谣》English folk literature英国民间文学

2The Renaissance Period文艺复兴时期16世纪-17世纪P86

莎士比亚时期或是伊丽莎白时代。同一时期佛朗西斯·培根也是著名人物。斯宾塞体Spenserian Stanza、无韵诗Blank Verse-Christopher Marlowe、十四行诗Sonnet-Thomas Wyatt

●Edmund Spencer斯宾塞the poets’poet诗人中的诗人Poet Laureate桂冠诗人

The Farie Queene(仙后)典型的斯宾塞体Spenserian Sonnet:abab bcbc cdcd ee Shakespeare Sonnet:abab cdcd efef gg

●Thomas More莫尔(英国文艺复兴的领导者):Utopia(乌托邦)

●Francis Bacon培根(唯物主义哲学奠基人,England’s first essayist英国第一个散文家): Essays《论说文集》:Of Studies(论学习)/Of Travel/Of Wisdom

The Advancement of Learning《论学术的进展》The New Atlantis《新亚特兰蒂斯》

●Christopher Marlow马洛(剧作家,属于University Wits“大学才子”,Blank Verse无韵诗): The Tragic History of Doctor Faustus(浮士德博士的悲剧)humanist

Tamburlaine《帖木儿》The Jew Of Malta《马耳他岛的犹太人》

●William Shakespeare(英国最伟大的剧作家,英语文学现实主义的奠基人之一,共写过37部剧作,包括16部喜剧,11部悲剧,10部历史剧,154首14行诗):

4大喜剧:A Midsummer Night’s Dream/The Merchant of Venice/As You Like It(皆大欢喜)/Twelfth Night;4大悲剧:Hamlet/King Lear李尔王/Macbeth麦克白/Othello奥赛罗;最著名的历史剧为:Henry4/Henry5Tragicomedy悲喜剧:Romeo and Juliet

Two long narrative poems长篇叙事诗:Venus and Adonis《维纳斯和阿多尼斯》The Rape of Lucrece《路易斯受辱记》

●Ben Johnson本·琼森dramatist Volpone《狐狸》satirical comedy讽刺喜剧

3The period of Revolution and Restoration资产阶级革命和王政复辟时期

17世纪

Main Form:Poetry

●Revolution Period:Age of Milton Metaphysical玄学派and Cavalier poets骑士派

●Restoration Period:Age of Dryden Realism现实主义and Formalism形式主义

●John Donne(诗人,the founder of the Metaphysical School玄学派诗人代表人物):

The Songs and Sonnets(歌谣与十四行诗)/A Valediction:Forbidding Mourning(别离辞·节哀)●John Milton(革命时期最伟大诗人):Paradise Lost贝奥武夫后最伟大的英国epic,his masterpiece/Paradise Regained/悲剧:Samson Agonistes(力士参孙)

●John Bunyan班扬The Pilgrim Progress(天路历程)allegory

●John Dryden德莱顿forerunner of the English classical school of literature古典主义的先驱Heroic couplet英雄双韵体father of English criticism批评文学之父Poet Laureate桂冠诗人

All For Love(一切为了爱)An Essay of Dramatic Poetry《论戏剧诗歌》

4The Age of Enlightenment启蒙运动时期——Neo-Classicism新古典时期18世纪

本时期是受到启蒙运动的影响,主要为现实主义的特点,散文体为主prose,报纸和杂志开始出现。寓言(allegory)18世纪称为Pope时代

●Alexander Pope蒲白(18世纪最伟大诗人,representative of the Enlightenment新古典学派的代表人物,first introduce rationalism to England理性主义:

The Rape of the Lock(夺发记)An Essay on Man(论人类)An Essay on Criticism轮批评

●Samuel Johnson约翰逊(字典编纂者):A Dictionary of the English Language(英语字典)●Daniel Defoe笛福(the discoverer of the modern novel现实主义小说奠基人,Father of English and European英语和欧洲小说之父)

Robinson Crusoe(鲁宾逊漂流记)the first English novel Moll Flanders《摩尔·弗兰德斯》●Jonathan Swift斯威夫特(现实主义小说家):

Gulliver’s Travel《格列佛游记》his masterpiece A Modest Proposal(一个小小的建议)

A Tale of a Tub《一个木桶的故事》The Battle of the Books《书的战争》

Henry Fielding(现实主义小说家,现实主义小说奠基人,Father of the English novel英国小说之父):The History of Tom Jones,a Founding(弃儿约翰·琼斯的历史)Tom Jones

●Samuel Richardson理查森Pamela,or Virtue Rewarded柏米拉Clarissa Harlowe克拉丽莎Sir Richard Grandison查尔斯·格兰迪森爵士

●Three important writers of Sentimental Tradition感伤主义三个重要作家

Oliver Goldsmith奥利弗·哥德史密斯outstanding representative of the English Sentimentalist School The Deserted Village《荒村》

Thomas Gray托马斯·格雷the Graveyard School墓畔派

Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard《墓园挽歌》

James Thomson詹姆斯·汤姆森The season《四季歌》

5The Age of Romanticism浪漫主义时期18世纪-19世纪中期

开始于Lyrical Ballads抒情歌谣集,以Walter Scott沃尔特·司各特去世为终止。

浪漫主义第一代人也称为湖畔派诗人Lake poets:William Wordsworth威廉·华兹华斯;Samuel Taylor Coleridge塞缪尔·泰勒、Robert Southey罗伯特·骚塞。第二代乔治·拜伦、波西·雪莱、约翰·济慈。

●Robert Burns(前浪漫主义诗人,苏格兰农民诗人):

A red,Red Rose(一朵红红的玫瑰)Auld Lang Syne(友谊天长地久)

●William Blake(前浪漫主义诗人):诗集:

Songs of Innocence(天真之歌)包括:The Lamb(羔羊)

The Experience(经验之歌)包括:The Tiger/London/The Chimney Sweeper(扫烟囱的小孩)●William Wordsworth威廉·华兹华斯(桂冠诗人):Lyrical Ballads是华兹华斯和柯勒律治的共同作品,其中最有名的是华兹华斯的Tintern Abbey(丁登寺旁)和Lines Written in Early Spring(写于早春)。

I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud(我好似一朵流云独自漫游)The Solitary Reaper(孤独的割麦女)The Excursion远游The Prelude序曲

●Samuel Taylor Coleridge塞缪尔·泰勒(伟大的诗人和文学批评家):和华兹华斯合著诗集,最著名的诗歌The Rime of the Ancient Mariner(古舟子咏)

Christabel《克里斯塔贝尔》Kubla Khan《忽必烈汗》

●Robert Southey罗伯特·骚塞(湖畔派诗人中最年轻的,1813年被封为“桂冠诗人”):

The Battle of Blenheim(布莱尼姆之战)

●George Gordon Bryon乔治·拜伦:Don Juan(唐璜)

Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage(恰尔德·哈罗德游记)She Walks in Beauty(她走在美的光影)When We Two Parted(昔日依依别)

●Percy Bysshe Shelley波西·雪莱戏剧:Prometheus Unbound(解放了的普罗米修斯)/诗歌:Ode to the West西风颂To a Skylark(云雀颂)

●John Keats约翰·济慈:Ode on a Grecian(希腊古瓮颂)/Ode to a Nightingale(夜莺颂)/Ode to Autumn(秋颂)

●Charles Lamb兰姆(这一时期最好的散文家):Tales from Shakespeare(莎士比亚戏剧故事集)Essays of Elia伊利亚随笔选Old China古旧的瓷器

●Walter Scott(苏格兰历史小说家):Ivanhoe(艾凡赫)The lady of the Lake湖畔夫人Marmion马密恩

●Jane Austin简·奥斯丁(英国第一位女性小说家):Pride and Prejudice傲慢与偏见Emma 艾玛Sense and Sensibility(理智与情感)

6The Victorian Period维多利亚时期19世纪早期-20世纪初期

Critical Realism批判现实主义出现,Novel小说是这一时期的主要特点。Charles Dickens本时期最伟大英语小说家

●Charles Dickens(维多利亚时代最著名的作家):

Oliver Twist雾都孤儿David Copperfield(大卫·科波菲尔)Great Expectation(远大前程)A Tales of Two Cities双城记Pickwick Papers(匹克威克外传)

The Old Curiosity Shop(老古玩店)Dombey and Son(父与子)

●William Makepeace Thackeray萨克雷Vanity Fair(名利场)

●Charlotte Bronte:夏洛蒂·勃朗特Jane Eyre简·爱

●Emily Bronte:艾米丽Wuthering Heights呼啸山庄

●Anne Bronte:安妮Agnes Grey(安格尼斯·格雷)

George Eliot艾略特:

The Mill on the Floss(佛洛斯河上的磨坊)Silas Marner(织工马南传)

●Alfred Tennyson丁尼生(Poet of the people人民的诗人):Break,Break,Break(拍岸曲)●Robert Browning布朗宁:My Last Duchess(我的前公爵夫人)/Meeting at night(深夜幽会)●Elizabeth Browning(前者妻子,女诗人):The Cry of the Children

7The Modern Period现代主义时期19世纪末开始

主要特点是普通英国人的生活,象征主义、stream of consciousness意识流-James Joyce、自然主义代替了现实主义。

●Oscar Wilde(爱尔兰诗人、作家和主要唯美主义者,唯美主义和颓废派代表人物):The Picture Of Dorian Gray(道林·格雷的画像)The Happy Prince(快乐王子)

●Thomas Hardy哈代:The Mayor of Casterbridge(卡斯特桥市长)/Tess of the D’urbervilles (德伯家的苔丝)/Jude the Obscure(无名的裘德)

●George Bernard Shaw萧伯纳(苏格兰剧作家,诺贝尔文学奖,the greatest dramatist since shakespeare):

Man and Superman(人与超人)Major Barbara(巴巴拉上校)Pygmalion(皮革马利翁)●William Butler Yeats(爱尔兰诗人剧作家):Sailing to Byzantium(航向拜占庭)/The Second Coming(第二次降临)/Leda and the Swan(丽达与天鹅)When you are Old The Tower ● https://www.doczj.com/doc/611053875.html,wrence劳伦斯:Sons and Lovers(儿子与情人)/The Rainbow(虹)/Women in Love (恋爱中的女人)/Lady Chatterley’s Lover(查泰来夫人的情人)

●James Joyce(爱尔兰小说家,stream of consciousness意识流的创始人):Dubliners(都伯林人)A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man(一个青年艺术家的画像)Ulyses(尤利西斯)Finnegans Wake(芬尼根守灵人)

●Virginia Woolf(现代主义代表人物,20世纪创最有影响力的女作家):Mrs.Dalloway(黛洛维夫人)/To The Lighthouse(到灯塔去)/The Wavers(海浪)Orlando奥兰多A Room of one’s Own(自己的房间)/Three Guineans(三枚金币)

● E.M.Forster E.M.福斯特A Room with a View有风景的房间A Passage to India印度之行

美国

时期:

之父:

1John Smith the first author美国文学的第一个作家)

2Benjamin Franklin富兰克林:Founding Father of the United States of America美国开国者

3Thomas Paine潘恩:The Father of American Revolution美国革命之父

4Philip Freneau弗伦诺a poet of the American Revolution美国独立革命诗人,the father of American Poetry美国诗歌之父

5Washington Irving the father of American Literature美国文学之父,the first one to gain international fame第一个获得国际声誉的作家

6Ralph Waldo Emerson爱默生(超验主义中心人物)

7Nathaniel Hawthrone霍桑(first great American writer of fiction美国科幻小说第一人)

8Walt Whitman惠特曼the father of free verse第一个自由体诗人

9William Cullen Bryant(美国首位浪漫派诗人,美国的“华斯华兹”

10Edgar Allan Poe爱伦·坡(美国detective侦探小说之父)

11Henry Wadsworth Longfellow朗费罗(the first of American writers to use native theme美国第一个写叙述诗歌的诗人

12美国现实主义三位代表人物:马克吐温、迪恩豪威尔斯、亨利詹姆斯

13Mark Twain(威廉福克纳称其为the real father of American literature美国文学之父

14O.Henry亨利(自然主义作家,The Father Of the Modern Short story短篇小说之父

15Ezra Pound庞德(the father of modern American poetry美国现代诗歌之父、最重要的意象派诗人之一the father of Imagist Movement意象派诗歌之父

16Pearl S.Buck赛珍珠(美国历史上第一个获得诺贝尔文学家的女性作家)

诺贝尔:Ernest Hemingway海明威T.S.Eliot William Faulkner福克纳John Steinbeck斯坦贝克Eugene Gladstone O’Neil奥尼尔Pearl S.Buck赛珍珠

1The Colonial Period殖民地时期16世纪末-17世纪中期

主要记述殖民地时期的历史较多,游记等等。

●The Bay Psalmbook(海湾圣诗)北美出版的第一本书,是由希伯来语翻译过来民歌体圣诗集

●John Winthrop:习惯用语city upon a hill山巅之城来源于其作品

●John Smith:A True Relation of Virginia(关于佛吉尼亚的真实叙述,1608年,the first author美国文学的第一个作家)

●Anne Bradstreet To My Dear and Loving Husband先给我亲爱的丈夫

2The Revolutionary Period独立革命时期17时期中期-18世纪末

大多数革命写作都是政治性的,开始出现诗歌。

●Benjamin Franklin富兰克林:Founding Father of the United States of America美国开国者Poor Richard’s Almanac(穷理查德年鉴)The Autobiography(自传)美国梦,代表作●Thomas Paine潘恩:The Father of American Revolution美国革命之父Common Sense常识The American Crisis(美国危机)

●Philip Freneau弗伦诺(a poet of the American Revolution美国独立革命诗人,the father of American Poetry美国诗歌之父):The Wild Honey Suckle野金银花The Rising Glory of America 美洲光辉的兴起

●Thomas Jefferson(美国第三任总统):Declaration of Independence独立宣言

3American Romanticism浪漫主义时期18世纪末-19世纪中后期

又称为美国的文艺复兴,强调感情、感觉,而不是理性和尝试,超验主义是浪漫主义的成熟期●Washington Irving(the father of American Literature美国文学之父,the first one to gain international fame第一个获得国际声誉的作家,擅长短篇小说):

The Sketch Book见闻札记(the beginning of American Romanticism美国浪漫主义时期的开始Rip Van Winkle瑞普·凡·温克尔(美国文学史上第一部短篇小说)

the Legend of sleepy Hollow睡谷传说

●James Fenimore Copper库泊(美国民族文学的奠基人):Leatherstocking Tales(皮袜子五部曲):The pioneers拓荒者;the Last of Mohicans(最后的莫西干人);The Pathfinder探路者;The Deerslayer杀鹿者

●Ralph Waldo Emerson爱默生(超验主义中心人物):Nature(自然)the manifesto of American Transcendentalism被认为是美国超验主义的宣言

●Henry David Thoreau大卫梭罗:Walden(瓦尔登湖)Civil Disobedience(论公民的不服从)●Nathaniel Hawthrone霍桑(first great American writer of fiction美国科幻小说,human soul: the Scarlet Letter红字/the house of the Seven Gables(有七个尖角阁楼的房子)/Mosses from an Old House(古屋青苔)The Blithedale Romance福谷传奇

●Herman Melville梅尔维尔:Moby Dick(白鲸)

●Walt Whitman惠特曼(伟大的民族主义诗人,the father of free verse第一个自由体诗人):Leaves of Grass(草叶集)praised as Democratic Bible共和圣经and American Epic美国史诗,标志着美国浪漫主义时期的结束

●William Cullen Bryant布莱恩特(美国首位浪漫派诗人,美国的“华斯华兹”):To a Waterfowl 致水鸟/Thanatopsis(死亡随想)

●Henry Wadsworth Longfellow朗费罗(the first of American writers to use native theme美国第一个写叙述诗歌的诗人):the Song of Hiawatha(海华沙之歌,描写印第安人的第一部作品)/Evangeline(伊万杰琳)/A Psalm of Life(人生赞礼),The courtship of Miles Standish迈尔斯·撒旦迪什的求婚

●Edgar Allan Poe爱伦·坡(美国detective侦探小说之父):诗歌:the Raven(乌鸦)/Annabel Lee(安娜贝尔·李)To Helen(致海伦);小说:the Fall of the House Asher(厄舍古屋的倒塌);The Philosophy of Composition创作哲学;The Purloined Letter丢失的信

●Emily Dickinson(其作品的主题主要与宗教、生活和死亡有关):Because I Could Not Stop for Death(因为我不能死亡)/I’m Nobody:Who Are You(我是无名小卒,你是谁?)

4The Realistic Period现实主义时期19世纪中期-20世纪初

●Harriet Beecher Stowe斯托:Uncle Tom’s Cabin汤姆叔叔的小屋

●美国现实主义三位代表人物:马克吐温、迪恩豪威尔斯、亨利詹姆斯

Henry James(心理分析小说奠基人):the Portrait of a Lady(贵妇人画像)the Wings of the Dove(鸽翼)the Ambassador大使们the Golden Bowl金碗Daisy Miller黛西·米勒The American美国人

William Dean Howells(现实主义文学奠基人):The Rise of Silas Lapham(塞拉斯·拉帕姆的发迹)

Mark Twain(威廉福克纳称其为the real father of American literature美国文学之父,Local Colorism乡土文学代表):the Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County(卡拉韦拉斯郡著名的跳蛙)the Gilded Age镀金时代the Adventure of Tom Sawyer汤姆索亚历险记the Prince and the Pauper(王子和贫儿)the Adventure of Huckleberry Finn哈克贝利·费恩历险记The Innocents Abroad傻子出国记

●Stephen Crane克莱恩(自然主义代表人物):the Red Badge of Courage(红色英勇勋章)●Theodore Dreiser德莱赛(最伟大的写实/自然主义作家):Sister Carrie嘉莉妹妹/An American Tragedy美国悲剧Gerhardt珍妮姑娘

Trilogy of Desire欲望三部曲(Financier金融家/the Titan巨头/Stotic(斯多葛))Jennie

●Jack London(自然主义代表人物):the Call of Nature野性的呼唤/Love of Life(热爱生命)/Martin Eden(马丁·伊登)The Iron Heel铁蹄

●O.Henry亨利(自然主义作家,The Father Of the Modern Short story短篇小说之父):the Gifts from Magi/the Cop and the Anthem(警察与赞美诗)

5American Modernism现代主义时期20世纪

核心在一二次世界大战之时,标志性运动是意象派

●Ernest Hemingway海明威(迷惘一代的代言人,1954年获诺贝尔文学奖):the Sun Also Rise (太阳照常升起)(第一部小说)/A Farewell to Arms永别了,武器/For Whom the Bell Tolls 丧钟为谁而鸣/the Old Man and the Sea

●Ezra Pound庞德(the father of modern American poetry美国现代诗歌之父、最重要的意象派诗人之一the father of Imagist Movement意象派诗歌之父):史诗:The Cantos《诗章》,阅读最多的就是I n a Station of the Metro《在地铁站》

Robert Frost弗罗斯特(新英格兰诗人,四次普利策奖):诗集:Mending Wall(修墙)/the Road Not Taken(未选择的路)/Stopping by the Woods on a Snowy Evening(雪夜林边小住)/Desert Places(荒芜地带)North of Boston波士顿以北After Apple-Picking摘苹果后

●T.S.Eliot(美国出生英语诗人,1948年获得诺贝尔文学奖):The Waste Land/Four Quarters (四个四重奏)

●William Faulkner福克纳(20世纪最重要的南方作家,1950年获得诺贝尔文学奖,现代主义最重要的作家之一):the Sound and the Fury(喧哗与骚动)/Light in August(八月之光)/Absalom,Absalom(押沙龙,押沙龙)

●Francis Scott Fitzgerald菲茨杰拉尔德(爵士乐时代的代言人):the Great Gatsby(了不起的盖茨比)/Tender is the Night(夜色温柔)This Side Of Paradise人间天堂

●John Steinbeck斯坦贝克(1962年获得诺贝尔文学奖):the Grapes of Wrath(愤怒的葡萄)Of Mice and Men人与鼠

●Eugene Gladstone O’Neil奥尼尔(剧本作家,1936年货诺贝尔文学奖,4次普利策奖):the Hairy Ape(毛猿)Beyond the Horizon天边外

●Pearl S.Buck赛珍珠(美国历史上第一个获得诺贝尔文学家的女性作家):The Good Earth (大地)取材于中国的农村地区。

61945年以来的文学垮掉的一代、黑色幽默

Allen Ginsberg金斯堡(垮掉一代的代表人物):Howl(嚎叫)

Joseph Heller海勒(黑色幽默的代表人物):Catch22(黑色幽默代表作品)

Tennessee Williams威廉姆斯(美国战后最伟大的剧作家):A Street Car Named Desire(欲望号街车)

Arthur Miller米勒(被称为美国的易卜生):Death of Salesman/All My Son

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浅谈英语系下英美文学对比与分析 文档

浅谈英语系下英美文学对比与分析 英国文学与美国文学是当今社会影响范围最为深广的两类文学,对于英美文学的研究屡见不鲜。英美两国的文化具有一定的差异性,但是美国曾经是英国的殖民地,文化之间又有一定的共通性。英国文学历史悠久,文学体系完备,文学发展依照历史的发展而逐渐变化,文艺复兴时期的莎士比亚是英国文学与文化的象征,十七世纪的革命诗人弥尔顿,十八世纪启蒙主义思想引导下的各个散文作家,十九世纪的浪漫主义与现实主义的思潮影响下的诗人与剧作家,二十世纪现代主义思潮影响下的艾略特、乔伊斯……而美国文学与本土文化息息相关,体现着多元化与复杂性。在殖民时期,美国作家的作品受到英国文学的深刻影响,例如泰勒的诗得益于约翰?多恩和乔治?赫伯特的影响。在独立革命时期,美国文学逐渐形成了具有特色的民族文学,在浪漫主义思潮影响下的超验主义,极具本土特色的废奴小说。在南北战争时期,美国的现实主义文学逐渐开始发展,马克?吐温的乡土文学,詹姆斯的心理分析小说,以及黑人小说。在两战期间,现代主义思潮影响了以海明威为代表的“迷惘的一代”。二战后期,后现代主义思潮影响下的“垮掉的一代”,“黑色幽默”。英美文学的对比与分析范围比较广泛,本篇将以三大文学思潮:浪漫主义、现实主义、现代主义在英美的发展来进行对比。 一、浪漫主义思潮时期

浪漫主义是在现实生活的基础之上,以热情奔放的语言,绚丽多彩的想象,直白夸张的表现形式,抒发对理想世界的追求。浪漫主义思潮比较注重个人情感的表达与抒发,具有浓烈的主观色彩。一是英美文学都是以诗歌为奠基石,但所占的立场不同。浪漫主义文学分为积极与消极,英国浪漫主义代表作家“湖畔诗人”就是消极派的代表,他们对资本主义的工业与文明十分的排斥,大力歌颂宗法制的自然与社会生活。《抒情歌谣集》是华兹华斯与柯勒律治共同出版的,是英国浪漫主义文学的奠基之作,他们的理论与实践结束了英文古典诗歌的统治。美国浪漫主义文学是以惠特曼的《草叶集》为开端的,开创了美国民族诗歌的新时代,作者是站在激进的民主主义立场上进行歌颂的。二是美国的浪漫主义文学师承英国,但却富有美国色彩。美国作家受到英国作家的影响,同样喜欢抒发个人的情感,以及喜欢描绘异国的风光。但是在美国文学中突出表现的“西部开拓”却是一个极具特色的素材。在库伯《皮袜子的故事里》美国本土的自然风光与景物成为了人物品格的象征,形成了美国文学离开尘世,心向自然的传统。三是英国浪漫主义作品以诗歌为主,而美国的作品更加丰富独特。英国文学中第二代作家与“湖畔诗人”消极态度相反,主张争取民主与自由,雪莱的《西风颂》、济慈的《夜莺颂》。英文文学中也有具有代表性的历史小说、哥特小说。美国文学中有喜剧性寓言体小说、歌德式的惊险故事,边疆历险故事,社会现实小说。超验主义也是美国文学的一大特色。.

英语八级英美文学整理

美国文学 第一阶段独立革命之前(十七世纪中期之前)(before the revolution of independence) 第一节美国本土文学(美国印第安传统文学) 印第安传统文学的主要内容和形式:在各种典仪上咏颂的祝词,在劳作中吟唱的歌曲,时代交口相传的部落神话故事和英雄故事,刻写在山河岩壁上的象形史诗。 第二节北美殖民时期文学(十六世纪末-----十七世纪中)(colonial settlement) 这一时期的文学作品主要是一些英国的殖民地官员或者传道士、冒险家们以日记或游记等形式记录的新大陆的风土人情、自然景色和民间生活等。 John Smith 约翰·史密斯《关于弗吉尼亚的真实叙述》A True Relation of Virginia (被认为是美国文学史上的“第一部作品”) 第三节请教思想的表述(Puritanism) 他们的作品主要是以传布清教主义思想的布道文为主 第二阶段独立革命时期(十七世纪中期-------十八世纪末) (around the revolution of independence) 独立革命前后的美国文学,标志着北美文学产生后的第一次大转折 该期文学特色:充满浓烈的政治性和思辨性。主题多为爱国主义及对于独立民主自由的热切呼唤。 Benjamin Franklin 本杰明·富兰克林《穷查理历书》Poor Richard’s Almanac 《自传》The Autobiography Thomas Paine 托马斯·潘恩《常识》Common Sense 《美国危机》The America Crisis 《人的权利》Rights of Human《理性时代》The Age of Reason Philip Freneau 菲利普·弗伦诺(18世纪最杰出的美国诗人,被誉为“the poet of the American revolution) 《英国囚船》The British Prison Ship 《美国的荣耀蒸蒸日上》The Rising Glory of America 《印第安人殡葬地》(lyric)The Indian Burying Ground 《野金银花》The Wild Honey Suckle 第三阶段浪漫主义时期(18世纪末---19世纪中后期)(American Romanticism) 该时期主题多为传统文化与现代文明之间的冲突、“对久远与遥远故事的兴趣”以及对死亡、潜意识的剖析等。 Washington Irving 华盛顿·欧文the first prose stylist of American Romanticism / “Father of American Literature” 《纽约史》A History of New York 《见闻札记》The Sketch Book---标致美国浪漫主义的开始 《瑞普·凡·温克尔》Rip Van Winkle 《睡谷的传说》The Legend of Sleepy Hollow 《旅行者的故事》Tales of Traveler 《阿尔罕伯拉》The Alhambra James Fenimore Cooper 詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库珀《间谍》The Spy《领航者》The Pilot “皮袜子故事系列”: 《杀鹿者》The Deerslayer 《最后的莫希干人》The Last Mohicans 《拓荒者》The Pioneers 《探路人》The Pathfinder《大草原》The Prairie Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 亨利·沃慈沃斯·朗费罗(美国第一个写叙述诗的诗人) 《夜吟》Voices of the Night《人生礼赞》A Psalm of Life William Cullen Bryant 威廉·柯伦·布莱恩特(强调美国人个人意识,关注自然) 《泉》The Fountain 《白蹄鹿》The White-Footed Deer 《森林赋》The Forest Hymn 《似水流年》The Flood of Years 《死亡随想》Thanatopsis

英语专八-最全英美文学常识.

英国文学(English Literature) 一、Old and Medieval English Literature中古英语文学(8世纪-14世纪) 1) The Old English Period / The Anglo-Saxon Period古英语时期(449-1066) a. pagan poetry(异教诗歌): Beowulf《贝奥武甫》- 最早的诗歌;长诗(3000行) heroism & fatalism & Christian qualities the folk legends of the primitive northern tribes; a heroic Scandinavian epic legend; 善恶有报b. religious poetry: Caedmon(凯德蒙610-680): the first known religious poet; the father of English song Cynewulf(基涅武甫9C): The Christ c. 8th C, Anglo-Saxon prose: Venerable Bede(673-735); Alfred the Great(848-901) 2) The Medieval Period中世纪(1066-ca.1485 / 1500): a. Romance中世纪传奇故事(1200-1500): the Middle Ages; 英雄诗歌 无名诗人- Sir Gawain and the Green Knight《高文爵士与绿色骑士》: Celtic legend; verse-romance; 2530 lines ~ 14th C,Age of Chaucer: * Geoffrey Chaucer(乔叟1340-1400): 文风:vivid and exact language, his poetry is full of vigor and swiftness the father of English poetry; the father of English fiction; 首创“双韵体”couplet; 首位用伦敦方言写作英国作家 The Canterbury Tales:pilgrims stories 受Boccaccio(薄伽丘) - Decameron《十日谈》启发 The House of Fame; Troilus and Criseyde; The Romaunt of the Rose《玫瑰罗曼史》(译作) * William Langland(朗兰1332-1400):The Vision of Piers Plowman《农夫皮尔斯之幻象》: 普通人眼中的社会抗议 b. 15th C, English ballads: Thomas Malory (1395-1471):Morte D’Arthur《亚瑟王之死》- 圆桌骑士 二、The Renaissance Period英国文艺复兴(1500-1660): humanism十四行诗,文艺复兴,无韵诗,伊丽莎白戏剧 1) 诗歌Henry Howard(霍华德1516-1547) a. Thomas Wyatt (怀亚特1503-1542): the first to introduce the sonnet into English literature b. Sir Philip Sidney(雪尼爵士1554-1586):代表了当时的理想- “the complete man”Defense of Poetry《为诗辩护》 Astrophel and Stella; Arcadia《阿卡狄亚》: a prose romance filled with lyrics; a forerunner of the modern world c.Edmund Spenser(斯宾塞1552-1599): the poets’ poet; non-dramatic poet of伊丽莎白时代- long allegorical romance 文风:a perfect melody, a rare sense of beauty and a splendid imagination. The Shepherd Calendar The Faerie Queen《仙后》:long poem for Queen Elizabeth; Allegory - nine-line verse stanza/ the Spenserian Stanza Spenserian Stanza(斯宾塞诗体): Nine lines, the first eight lines is in iambic(抑扬格) pentameter(五步诗), and the ninth line is an iambic hexameter(六步诗) line.

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