h Ecology 生态学individuals 个体population 种群communities 群落ecosystems 生态系统 behavioral ecology 行为生态学physiological ecology 生理生态学evolutionary ecology 进化生态学molecular ecology 分子生态学fitness 适合度 natural selection 自然选择adaptation 适应genotype 基因型phenotype 表型 phenotypic plasticity 表型可塑性offspring 后代genes 基因 nongenetic factors 非遗传因素not inherited 不遗传conditions 条件resources 资源 environmental variation 环境变异internal regulation 内调节homeostasis 稳态 negative feedback 负反馈tolerance 耐受性temperature 温度 not depletable 不能耗掉solar radiation 太阳辐射decouple 退耦niche 生态位habitat 栖息地 multidimensional niche space 多维生态位空间 Fundamental niche 基础生态位Realized niche 实际生态位Prey 猎物Foraging 觅食Dimension 轴或维 Global wind pattern 地球的风型The circulation of oceans 洋流Rain 降雨 Havoc ['h?v?k] 灾害 Hurricane 飓风Latitude 纬度 Irradiance [i'reidi?ns,-si] 辐射度 Summer solstice 夏至Winter solstice 冬至 Adiabatic cooling 绝热冷却Scale 尺度 Coriolis effect 科里奥利效应 Intertropical convergence zone 热带辐合带 Jet streams 急流Albedo 反照率 Gulf stream 墨西哥湾流Lee of a continent 背风面Upwelling 上涌流 Adiabatic lapse rate 绝热温度递减率 Inversion 逆温 Heat of condensation 凝结热Heat 热 Temperature profiles 温度剖面Relative humidity 相对湿度Saturated water 饱和水water vapor 水蒸汽microclimate 微气候 thermal ['θ?:m?l]conductivity 热传导 chemical properties of water 水的化学特性 penetration of light through water 光线穿透水 Energy transfer and water phases 能量转化和水相Deplete 耗竭Ions 离子 Electropositive 正电性的Electronegative 负电性的Beer’s law 比尔定律Heat capacity 热容量Maximum density 最大密度Latent heat of vaporization 增发潜热
微生物学英语词汇 微生物学microbiology 病毒学virology 噬菌体学bacteriophagology 细菌学bacteriology 鉴定细菌学determinative bacteriology 系统细菌学systematic bacteriology 真菌学mycology 原生生物学protistology 原生动物学protozoology 普通微生物学general microbilogy 微生物分类学microbial taxonomy 微生物生理学microbial physiology 微生物生物化学microbial biochemistry 微生物遗传学microbial genetics 微生物生态学microbial ecology 古微生物学paleomicrobiology 土壤微生物学soil microbiology 水生微生物学aquatic microbiology 海洋微生物学marine microbiology 悉生生物学gnotobiology 医学微生物学medical microbiology 兽医微生物学veterinary microbiology 农业微生物学agricultural microbiology 工业微生物学industrial microbiology 石油微生物学petroleum microbiology 食品微生物学food microbiology 乳品微生物学diary microbiology 瘤胃微生物学rumen microbiology 诊断微生物学diagnostic microbiology 病原学etiology 国际微生物学会联合会International Union of Microbiological Societies, IUMS 中国微生物学会Chinese Society for Microbiology, CSM 世界培养物保藏协会World Federation for Culture Collection, WFCC 中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms, CCCCM 美国模式培养物保藏所American Type Culture Collection, ATCC 自然发生说，无生源说spontaneous generation, abiogenesis 原界urkingdom 始祖生物progenote 古始生物界archetista 古细菌archaebacteria 原生生物protista 原生动物protozoan 原生植物protophyte 真核生物eukaryote 原核生物prokaryote 裂殖植物schizophyte 微生物microorganism 数值分类法numerical taxonomy 模式目type order 模式科type family 模式属type genus 模式种type species 模式株type strain 真菌fungi 捕食真菌predacious fungi 虫道真菌ambrosia fungi 地下真菌hypogeal fungi 虫生真菌entomogenous fungi 菌根真菌mycorrhizal fungi 木腐菌wood-decay fungi 霉菌mold, mould 半知菌imperfect fungi 子囊菌ascomycetes 粘菌slime mold, slime mould 壶菌chytrid 卵菌oomycetes 接合菌zygomycetes 担子菌basidiomycetes 核菌pyrenomycetes 盘菌cup fungi 块菌truffles 锈菌rust fungi 蘑菇mushrooms 毒蘑菇poisonous mushroom 酵母菌yeast 无孢子酵母菌asporogenous yeasts 有孢子酵母菌sporogenous yeasts 黑粉菌smut fungi
2019-2020年高考英语高频词汇必背及训 练3
2019-2020年高考英语高频词汇必背及训练3 1.peacefully adv.安静地，和平地 He died peacefully without any pain. 他安静地离开了人世，没有一点痛苦。 He was back in her arms and she could once again sleep peacefully.他回到了她的怀里，她又能睡得安稳了。[剑桥高阶] All the people in the world want to live peacefully. 全世界的人们都想过平安宁静的生活。 (1)peace n．和平，安详，平静 in peace(＝peacefully) 安心地，平安地，安静地 make peace with... 与……讲和 at peace 处于和平状态，和睦地(与at war相反) The two countries are now at peace after a 10-year war. 十年的战争之后，这两个国家目前处于和平状态。 (2)peaceful adj. 安静的，和平的，宁静的 a peaceful place/evening 宁静的地方/夜晚 品句填词： (1)The war was a great danger to world p________. (2)I decided that I would go and make p________ with her. (3)We want to settle the problem by p________ means. (4)I want my children to be brought up in a p________ world. (5)We want the problem to be settled p________. 2.deal v．处理，应付 n. ①量，数量②交易 完成句子/单项选择 ①这学期开始我们将有许多难题要解决。 At the beginning of this term, we'll have many difficulties __________________________. ②他在大会上做了一次演讲，谈民间音乐。 He made a speech in the university, _______________. ③他很难打交道。 He is ____________________________. ④We all know that, ________， the situation will get worse. A. not if dealt carefully with B. if not carefully dealt with C. if dealt not carefully with D. not if carefully dealt with ⑤我们不知道怎样处理这些废料。 We don't know ________ to do with the waste materials. ＝We don't know ________ to deal with the waste materials. ⑥对付小偷最好的办法是什么？ What's the best way of ____________________ thieves? ⑦雨水把大量的泥沙冲下山坡。 _________________________ sand were washed down the hillside by the rain. ⑧每年在烟草上花去大量的钱。 ____________ money is spent on tobacco every year.
七年级英语上册选词填空经典题型带答案（word） 一、七年级英语上册选词填空专项目练习（含答案解析） 1．根据对话内容，从所给的六个单词中选出五个补全对话。 B: Hi, John. Not bad. How are you today? A: Fine, thanks. ________ are you going? B: I'm going to the library to return some books. A: I see. By the way, ________ to take your umbrella with you. The recent weather is quite strange. B: Right, thank you. I will take it. I hear that it's going to show ________ tonight. A: Oh, my god! Then it will be quite ________. B. We need to wear more clothes. And we can make ________. A: Yes, it's interesting. 【答案】 E；A；B；C；F 【解析】【分析】A. remember记住；B. heavily大量地；C. cold寒冷的；D. strongly猛烈地； E. Where在那里；F. snowmen雪人。 （1）句意：你要去哪里？根据I'm going to the library to return some books.可知上一句是问对方要去哪里，故答案是E。 （2）句意：记着带上雨伞。根据The recent weather is quite strange.可知天气反复无常，记着带雨伞，故答案是A。 （3）句意：今天晚上会有一场大雪。一般说明雨雪下得大使用heavily，故答案是B。（4）句意：那么一定会相当冷。根据We need to wear more clothes.可知，前一句说的是天气相当冷，故答案是C。 （5）句意：我们可以堆雪人。make snowmen，堆雪人，固定短语，故答案是F。 【点评】考查选词填空，考查词汇在篇章中的运用能力，答题时首先要跳过空格通读文章掌握其大意，然后细读文章，字斟句酌逐一作答，注意考虑句型、语法、搭配、语境等因素。最后通读一遍，检查验证。 2．从方框中选择恰当的短语补全句子。 （2）I think ________ is good for our health. （3）I only want to eat ________ for lunch today. （4）Can you ________ me ________ my Maths homework? （5）Lily often says "Good night" to her parents before she ________. （6）She wants to ________ the cinema in five minutes. 【答案】（1）get up （2）doing morning exercises
《生态学双语教学词汇汇编》 Part I 蒋维 Part II +Part V罗隆诚 Part III 官情 Part IV 涂纯 Part I 生物与环境 生态因子 密度制约因子与非密度制约因子 协同进化 物种 自然选择（稳定性选择/单向性选择/分裂性选择） 适应、适应组合 趋同适应与趋异适应 拟态/保护色/警戒色 生物钟 休眠 生态因子（主导因子/限制因子/最小因子定律/补偿效应） 耐受性定律（生态幅/生态价）狭食（光、温、盐、栖、湿）性/广食性生态位 驯化 内稳态 光补偿点/光饱和点 C3植物/C4植物 阳性植物/阴性/耐阴性 昼行性/夜行性动物 光周期 长日照/短日照 光污染/光化学烟雾 温变周期 三基点温度 年轮 有效积温法则 春化 恒温/变温动物 贝格曼法则 阿伦定律 热岛效应 水生/陆生植物 沉水/浮水/挺水植物 湿生/中生/旱生植物 Part II 种群生态学
密度/绝对/相对密度/粗密度/生态密度标志-重捕法 单体/构建生物 种群分布/集群/随机/斑块 种群统计学 出生率/死亡率 迁出/迁出率 年龄结构 性比 世代周期 生命表/动态、静态生命表 种群增长率 内禀增长率 存活曲线/死亡曲线 生命预期 离散式增长/连续式增长 周限增长率 指数式增长/罗吉斯蒂增长 环境容纳量 密度制约/非密度制约 生物/气候/综合学派 集合种群 SLOSS 生活史 繁殖/孢子营养/有性生殖/无性 扩散 繁殖成效/繁殖价值/亲本投资/利他作用繁殖策略 r、K对策 r C S对策 性选择 种内与种间作用 密度 集群/阿里规律 自梳/他梳 -3/2自梳法则 最后产量恒值法则 竞争/分摊型/争夺型竞争 婚配制度 领域/巢区 社会等级
2019-2020年高考英语高频词汇必背及训练1 1.access ①通道，入口②(接近或进入的)方法，机会，权利③[vt.]取得，获取（尤指计算机数据）考点提示： ①have access to sth.可以使用……/有……接触机会 have access to a car/a puter.有汽车/计算机可以使用 ②gain/get access (to sth.)进入[某地】；见到[某人或某物] 完成句子 ①学生需要得到图书的方便途径。 Students need easy _____________________ the books. ②每个人都有受教育权。 Everyone __________________________ education. ③只有沿着那条狭窄的路走才能到达他们的房子。 _____________________________their house is along that narrow road. 2.absence n. ①缺席，不在场[反presence] ②不存在，缺乏 考点提示: ①absent (adj.) 缺席的；不在的; be absent from……不在……；缺席…… be absent for……（不在）去了……
②in/during sb’s absense在某人不在期间 完成句子 ①我不在时，请照看我的房子。 Please take care of my house ________________________________________________________________________. ②在缺乏其他证据下，我们不得不认为这属实。 We were obliged to accept it as true ________________________________________________________________________. ③老师对他旷课很生气。 The teacher was angry at his ________________________________________________________________________. ④他今天缺课/缺勤/缺席会议。 He ___________________________ today. ⑤有些国家终年无雪。 Snow __________________________ some countries. ⑥他外出了，现在在欧洲。 He ________________________. 3.suppose vt.认为，猜想
高考英语选词填空复习 选词填空的考点 1) 词汇方面：以实词为即名词、动词、形容词、副词 2) 语法方面：考察词性之间关系和句子结构分析能力 3) 逻辑方面：考察上下文联系 选词填空的解题步骤 第一步：整理选项classify the options 我们应该根据词性把选项中的每个单词进行分类归纳标，标出它们的词性。 标注词性时注意的问题 1. 不认识的单词看词缀(更多后缀请看拓展1) 考察：-ive ___________________________________________ -ate ___________________________________________ -acy ___________________________________________ -dom ___________________________________________ -ship ___________________________________________ -some ___________________________________________ 名词-ly ___________________________________________ -dom ___________________________________________ -wards ___________________________________________ (形容词)-ly ___________________________________________ -ic, ics ___________________________________________ 【keys】 -ive adj 后缀 -ate v. 后缀；表示“成为……，处理，作用” separate, operate, indicate -acy n. 后缀；表示"性质，状态，境遇" democracy, accuracy, diplomacy
转自北师大资源学院生态论坛 01城市生态学、生态旅游与景观生态学书籍 中国生态旅游-走进大自然-高峻-2001 中国生态特色旅游-章采烈-1996 住区—绿色生态住区-清华大学建筑学院-2001 全国高等林业院校试用教材景观生态学-徐化成-1996 全国高等林业院校试用教材-景观生态学-徐化成-1996 城市景观生态-董雅文-1993 城市植物生态学-冷平生-1995 城市生态学-于志熙-1992 城市生态学-杨小波吴应书等-2000 城市生态环境建设与保护规划-孔繁德等-2001 城市生态规划理论与方法_10882127 城市生态规划研究—承德市城市生态规划-薛兆瑞等-1993 城市生态调控方法-王如松等-2000 城市科学前沿丛书生态与环境：城市可持续发展与生态环境调控新论-张鸿雁-2000 城市绿地与环境-徐乃雄-2002 日本公共艺术生态-刘俐-2002 景观-文化、生态与感知-俞孔坚-1998 景观生态学-徐化成 景观生态学原理及应用-傅伯杰等-2001 环渤海三角洲湿地的景观生态学研究-肖笃宁等-2001 生态与可持续建筑-夏云等-2001 生态与环境：城市可持续发展与生态环境调控新论-张鸿雁-2000 生态建筑—面向未来的建筑-周浩明等-2002 生态旅游的绿色实践-杨桂华-2000 都市生态走廊-曹鉴燎等-2001 02动物生态学书籍 Ecological Entomology-Carl B.Huffaker INSECT ECOLOGY (THIRD EDITION)-Peter W.Price 全国高等农业院校教材昆虫生态及预测预报实验指导-耿济国等-1991 全国高等农业院校教材昆虫群落生态学-庞雄飞等-1996 全国高等农业院校教材-昆虫群落生态学-庞雄飞等-1996 动物污染生态学-杨明宪-1988 动物生态学-(日)伊藤嘉昭 动物生态学原理第一版-孙儒泳-1987 动物生态学原理第二版-孙儒泳 动物生态学实验与实习方法-高中信等-1992 动物生态学浅说-林育真-1982 动物繁群生态学-单国桢-1983
环境课件生态学双语 A1 什么是生态学要点 A1 WHAT IS ECOLOGY A2 生态学的10个规律要点 A2 TEN RULES IN ECOLOGY B1 适应要点 B2 应付环境变异要点 B3 生态位要点 C1 太阳辐射与气候要点C2 微气候要点 D1 水的特性要点 D2 植物与水要点 D3 动物与水要点 E1 温度与代谢要点 E2 对温度的响应要点 E3 温度与物种分布要点 F1 太阳辐射与植物要点 G1 资源与循环要点 G2 植物与消费者要点 G3 土壤形成特性和分类要点 H1 种群和种群结构要点 H2 出生率死亡率和种群增长要点 H3 密度和密度制约要点 H4 种群动态波动周期和混沌要点I1 竞争的性质要点 I2 种内竞争要点 I3 资源分配要点 J1 捕食的性质要点 J2 捕食行为和猎物反应要点 K1 寄生的性质要点 K2 寄生的动态要点 L1 互利共生要点 M1 生活史要点 N1 社群合作和利他行为要点 N2 生态学中的性要点 O1 遗传的变异要点O2 物种形成要点 P1 组成成员和过程要点 P2 初级和次级生产力要点Ｐ3 食物链要点 Q1 群落结构和稳定性要点 Q2 岛屿群落与移殖要点 Q3 群落格局竞争和捕食要点 R1 演替要点 R2 群落对干扰的反应要点 S1 生态系统格局要点 S2 草地要点 S3 冻原要点 S4 森林要点 S5 荒漠
半荒漠和灌丛要点 S6 盐水生物群系要点 S7 淡水生物群系要点 T1 收获理论要点 T2 渔业和捕鲸业要点 U1 有害生物问题及其防治对策要点 U2 杀虫剂和问题要点 U3 生物防治和害虫综合治理要点 V1 稀有物种生境损失和灭绝要点 V2 保育对策要点 V3 生物资源和基因库要点 W1 空气水和土壤污染物要点 W2 温室气体和全球变暖要点 W3 臭氧要点 X1 土壤侵蚀和农业要点 X2 养分水和能量利用要点 Related topics Fishing and whaling T2 The open ocean is used as a dumping ground for numerous pollutants including oil sewage hydrocarbons and metals Some become magnified in the food web and can contaminate fish stocks Recreational and commercial development of intertidal regions has led to habitat destruction and pollution Dredging sewage pollution and over-fishing have degraded coral reefs Environmental concerns 主要的淡水和湿地区域淡水生物群系包括湖泊河流酸性沼泽草本沼泽和木本沼泽这些系统靠从附近排水区沥滤的水和营养物生存Freshwater biomes include lakes rivers bogs marshes and swamps These systems are fed by water and nutrients leaching from the surrounding catchment area Key Notes Primary freshwater and wetland regions S7 FRESHWATER BIOMES 溪流和河流溪流和河流的物理特征沿水体长度而有变化它们靠近源头的窄小湍急变成河
2015高考高频词汇必背及训练系列5 1.surprise n．惊奇，惊奇的事 I have got a big surprise for you. 我给你带来了一个大的惊喜。 v．使吃惊 What surprised us most was that she had such a sweet voice.最让我们感到惊讶的是她有如此甜美的嗓音。 to one's surprise 令人吃惊的是 To my surprise, he finished the task only in a few days. 令我惊讶的是他竟然在几天之内就完成了任务。 注意：surprising 表示令人惊讶；主语通常是使人惊讶的事；surprised 表示主语本身产生的情绪，主语是人。 What you've told me is surprising. 你给我讲的情况真令人吃惊。 The news made us surprised.这消息使我们很惊讶。 Though ________ to see us，the professor gave us a warm welcome. A．surprise B．was surprised C．surprised D．being surprised 2.disaster n．灾难，不幸，祸患 Fires，floods and earthquakes are disasters. 火灾、水灾和地震都是灾难。 This is one of the worst natural disasters ever to befall the area.这是该地区所经历的最严重的自然灾害之一。 考点提示： disaster-affected area 受灾地区 a traffic disaster 交通惨祸 a disaster to s b 某人的灾难 escape disaster 逃避灾难 die in the disaster 死于灾祸 The voyage to the Atlantic Ocean ended________. A．with disaster B．in disaster C．with destroy D．in fail 3.promote vt. (1)促进，增进 Exercise promotes health.锻炼可增进健康。 The organization works to promote friendship between nations.该组织旨在促进各国之间的友谊。 (2)使(某人)升级，擢升(某人)至……(to) The boy was promoted to the fourth grade. 这个男孩升到四年级。
实验一鱼类对温度、盐度耐受性的观测 【实验目的】 （1）认识并练习判断生物对生态因子耐受性范围的方法。 （2）认识不同鱼类对温度、盐度等因子的耐受限度和范围不同，这种不同的耐受性与其分布生境和生活习性密切相关，加深对Shelford 耐受性定律的理解。 （3）认识影响鱼类耐受能力的因素。 【实验器材】 1、实验动物：鲤鱼（Cyprinus carpio）、鲫鱼（Carassius auratus）等。 2、设备与试剂 光照培养箱、温度计、天平、加热棒、容纳箱、玻璃棒等 【方法与步骤】 1、观察动物对高温和低温的耐受能力 （1）建立环境温度梯度（5℃，室温20~25℃，35℃）。 （2）对实验动物称重，并记录其种类、驯化背景等。 （3）将鲤鱼和鲫鱼各6条分成一组，分别暴露在5℃、室温和35℃下30分钟。观察行为。如果正常，则停止观察；如有异常，则观察在该温度条件下动物死亡数达到50%时所需要的时间。如果动物明显不动，则可认定死亡。 注：将动物放入低温（高温）环境中后，如果动物马上出现死亡，说明温度过低（或过高），应适当提高（降低）2~3℃再观测。同时观察并比较室温条件下各鱼的行为。
（4）将鱼类在高温和低温出现死亡的温度条件下死亡率随时间的变化记录在表1-1中。 表1-1 极端温度下不同鱼类死亡率随时间的变化 2 观察不同淡水鱼类对盐度的耐受能力 （1）建立盐度梯度（20‰，30‰，40‰)。 （2）对实验动物称重，并记录其种类、驯化背景等。 （3）将鲤鱼和鲫鱼各6条分成一组，分别放入20‰，30‰，40‰的盐度环境中，同上观察其行为30分钟。如果正常，则停止观察；如有异常，则继续观察在该条件下动物死亡数达到50%时所需要的时间。如果动物明显不动，则可认定死亡。 （4）将鱼类在各盐度条件的死亡率随时间的变化记录在表1-2中。 表1-2鱼类对盐度的耐受性观测结果记录表
篇章词汇理解配套练习 Passage 1 Most people would agree that, although our age exceeds all previous ages in knowledge, there has been no corresponding increase in wisdom. But agreement (47) as soon as we attempt to define “wisdom” and consider means of promoting it. There are several factors that (48) to wisdom. Of these I should put first a sense of proportion: the capacity to take (49) of all the important factors in a problem and to (50) to each its due weight. This has become more difficult than it used to be owing to the extent and (51) of the special knowledge required of various kinds of technicians. Suppose, for example, that you are (52) in research in scientific medicine. The work is difficult and is likely to (53) the whole of your mind. You have no time to consider the effect which your discoveries or inventions may have outside the field of medicine. You succeed (let us say) as modern medicine has succeeded, in enormously lowering the infant death-rate, not only in Europe and America, but also in Asia and Africa. This has the entirely unintended result of making the food supply (54) and lowering the standard of life in the parts of the world that have the greatest populations. To take an even more (55) example, which is in everybody's mind at the present time; you study the makeup of the atom from a disinterested(无利害关系的) desire for knowledge, and by chance place in the hands of a powerful mad man the means of destroying the human race. Therefore ,with every increase of knowledge and skill, wisdom becomes more necessary, for every such increase augments(增强) our capacity for realizing our purposes, and therefore augments our (56) for evil ,if our purposes are unwise. A) halts B) discount C) dramatic D) contribute E) ceases F) account G) attack H) attach I) inadequate J) capacity K) engaged L) absorb M) distribute N) complex O) complexity Passage 2 A book like this is never the work of a single author or even a small group of authors; rather there are many people and institutions whose (47) need to be acknowledged. In the first place, we wish to thank the many scholars and sales managers who have (48) so diligently over the last 20 years to move the study of sales management out of the dark ages and into the (49) of marketing thought. We would also like to (50) the special contributions of the Marketing Science Institute, which supported much of the recent research, and especially Steve Greyser, and Diane Schmalensee for their willingness to (51) MSI's energies and resources to the study of sales management before it became a fashionable topic. Scholars -- even those in marketing -- are sometimes not very customer-oriented, (52) when it comes to writing textbooks. We have made much effort to avoid such a heresy. (53), we offer special thanks to the more than 60 professors who (54) to our questionnaire about their attitudes toward the precious edition of this book. The information they (55) was very helpful in our effort to make the third edition a more useful book for teaching and learning. We also thank our many students over the years for their comments and suggestions. The book is better because of their insights. We hope we haven't forgotten anyone, and we apologize to those whose suggestions we failed to include. Needless to say, we assume full (56) for any errors or omissions in this book. A) consequently B) apply C) responded D) provided E) responsibility F) justified G) finally H) labored I) mainstream J) patience K) acknowledge L) particularly M) commit N) efforts O) dispose Passage 3 What does a young child's ability not to eat a marshmallow have to do with success in life? Quite a lot, as it turns out. The 4-year-old child who is able to hold out in order to receive a second treat is (47) more self-control that will serve him or her well as an adult. This ability to control one's (48) is just one part of what is called Emotional intelligence. The children who (49) it will grow up to be better (50) and more successful. Those kids who don't have it are less likely to succeed when it comes to meeting (51) and dealing with life frustrations. In the past, our concept of intelligence was mainly limited to the kinds of skills that enable one to do well in school. But Emotional Intelligence (52) what it means to be smart by focusing on how the mind (53) feelings
高考高频词汇必背及训练系列8 1.optimistic adj.乐观的 We are sti ll optimistic, whatever the result may be. 我们仍然乐观，不论结果如何。 The stockholde rs are optimistic about the company's future.股东对公司的前景很乐观。 反义词：pessimistic adj.悲观的 Her pessimistic attitude turns him off. 她那悲观的态度令他很不高兴。 ________，she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile. A．Shy and cautious B．Sensitive and thoughtful C．Honest and confident D．Lighthearted and optimistic 2.climate n. (1)气候 She is not used to living in a cold climate. 她不习惯寒带生活。 (2)(某一社会、时代的)风气，趋势；气氛，环境气氛 social climate 社会风气 political climate政治气候 the current climate of opinion目前的舆论环境 After the revolution，the climate of the country remained tense. 革命以后，那个国家的气氛依然紧张。 climate/weather辨析 climate：气候，指一个地区气候的总情况，如气温、降雨量等，还可指(社会)风气。weather：天气，指特定的一天或某个时节的天气的具体情况，如冷暖阴晴等。 What will the weather be like tomorrow? 明天天气怎样？ I would rather live in France because of the climate. 由于气候原因，我宁愿住在法国。 单项填空 (1)For the sake of her daughter's health，she decided to move to a warm________. A．weather B．temperature C．season D．climate (2)Although farmers there mainly grow wheat，the________is also warm enough to grow rice. A．criminal B．climate C．air D．sky 3.flood (1)n.洪水，水灾(可数) The town was destroyed by the floods after the storm. 暴风雨过后，小镇被洪水淹没了。 (2)n.大批，大量流入 There was a flood of complaints about the poor service at the restaurant. 许多人投诉这家餐馆服务质量差劲。 考点提示： a flood of words口若悬河 a flood of tears泪如泉涌