商务英语初级翻译模拟试题
1.BUYER: All right, I agree. Could you make sure that the goods will be delivered before May, XX so that they can catch up with the sales season before the Children’s Day?
好吧，我同意。你方能否确定在XX年五月之前把货运到?这样我们就能赶上儿童节前夕的旺季了。
2.SELLER: In this case, you’d better open the L/C before the 10th of April since we need time to get the goods ready and book the shipping space. So I suggest stipulate the time of shipment as “within 15 days after the receipt of the L/C.” Furthermore, we’d like a confirmed irrevocable L/C at sight payable against documents.
这样的话，你在4月10日前把信用证开出来，因为我们需要时间准备商品和预定船只。所以我建议把装船期规定为“收到信用证后15日内”。此外，我们希望收到的是即期付款的不可撤销凭证。
3.BUYER: Another question. Can we make payment by L/C after sight?
还有个问题，我们能开见票后兑付的信用证吗?
4.SELLER: It looks that we have to make another concession. In consideration of our good relationship for years, we give you further special treatment for a L/C payment 30 days after sight.
那我们不得不再做一点让步了。考虑到我们多年的老交情，我们同意见票30天内兑付。
5.BUYER: Thanks a lot. We think we will have a successful transaction this time.
太感谢啦。我们这次合作肯定会成功的。
6.SELLER: We agree to your time L/C payment but it should be clear that the interest occurred should be borne by your side according to the interest rates on international monetary market. What do you think of it?
我们同意你所说的远期信用证付款，但是要说清楚的是，产生的利息应由你方根据国际货币市场的利率承担，这样可以吗?
7.BUYER: Agree. Thanks, Mr. Wang. We will try our best to open the L/C before 10th of April. How long should the L/C be valid?
可以，谢谢你，王先生。我们尽量在4月10日前把信用证开出来。信用证的有效期应该是多久?
8.SELLER: Since you are paying by a 30-day L/C, let’s say the L/C expires 15 days after the 30-day duration is due, OK?
既然你是见票30日内兑付，那就兑付之日起15天内失效吧，可以吗?
9.Buyer: That’ll be fine. We’ll open the L/C acco rding to your requirement within the designated time.
好。我们会在规定时间内按照你的要求把信用证开出来。
10.Buyer: By the way, Mr. Wang, could you tell me what documents you’ll provide?
顺便问一下，你们会提供哪些票据?
11.Seller: Together with the draft, we’ll send you a complete set of Bill of Lading, a Commercial Invoice, a Certificate of Quality, a Certificate of Quantity, Packing List, a Certificate of Origin, an Insurance Policy, a Shipping Advice. That’s all.
除了合同之外，还有一整套的提货单，一张商业发票，一份品质认证书，一份数量证明书，装箱单，原产地证书，保单和发货通知书。就这些。
广东外语外贸大学公开学院辅导资料 商务英语翻译课程试卷 （课程代码：5355） 考生注意：1. 答案必须写在答卷上，写在问卷上无效。 2. 考试时间150分钟。 I. Multiple Choices (20 points, 2 points for each) 第一套试卷 1.It is not surprising, then, that the world saw a return to a floating exchange rate system. Central banks were no longer required to support their own currencies. A.在这种情况下，世界各国又恢复浮动汇率就不足为奇了。各国中央银行也就无须维持本币的汇价了。 B.不足为奇，全世界看到了汇率的回归，因此各国中央银行无需维持本币的汇价了。 C.此时此刻，世界各国又恢复了移动的交换比率，因此各国中央银行无需维持本币汇价。 D.在这种情况下，全世界又恢复了浮动交换率，这已不足为奇了，因此各国中央银行也就无需维持本币价格了。 2．Assuming the laboratory tests go well, and you can quote us a competitive price, we would certainly be able to place more substantial orders on a regular basis. A.假定实验室检验顺利，并且你的报价有竞争力，我们会大量向贵公司订货的。 B.若实验室检验合格，且你们给我们的报价具有竞争力，我们一定会定期大量订货的。 C.若实验室检验良好，且你们给出的报价具有竞争性，我们一定会定期定量订货的。 D.假定实验室发展良好，且你们的报价具有竞争力，我们一定会大量定期订货的。 3．Chinese researchers have made a breakthrough in developing new materials for nickel-hydrogen batteries used in low temperatures, Inhaul reported. A.中国研究者已经在开发新材料用于低温下使用的镍氢电池方面有了突破，据新华社报道。 B.新华社报道，中国科学家在从事新材料制造低温镍氢电池方面有了突破。 C.新华社报道，中国研究人员在开发利用新材料制造在低温下使用的镍氢电池方面已有了突破。 D.中国研究者在开发新材料制造低温镍氢电池有了重大突破，这是新华社报道的。 4. Since the initiation of economic reforms in the late 1970s, China has achieved impressive
商务英语的翻译标准及要求 商务英语是英语在商务场合这一特定的专业学科服务的专门用途英语。下面是小编分享的商务英语的翻译标准及要求，一起来看一下吧。 商务英语的翻译标准及要求 对于翻译的标准，自1898 年严复提出“信、达、雅”的翻译主张以来，人们一直讨论不断，争论不休，目前尚无定论。而各家学者对商务英语的翻译标准也不一，比如，刘法公先生曾提出了“忠实、准确、统一”的商务翻译标准；叶玉龙等认为“对商务英语来说，翻译标准除 ‘忠实通顺’外，还应加上‘地道’”。张新红、李明认为，“商务英语 翻译译者除了要精通两种语言及其文化以及熟悉翻译技巧之外，还必须熟悉商务方面的知识，了解商务各个领域的语言特点和表达法”。 专家们的论述见仁见智，但笔者认为，对于对外商务英语的翻译应博采众长，“以忠实通顺为基础，力求准确与统一”。 “忠实通顺”，指商务英语的译文应是英语原文信息的真实反映，译者应最大限度地将商务英语原文作者所赋予原文的语言文字转移到汉语译文里。译文除了要忠实于商务英语原文外，还要明白晓畅，符合汉语商务文献的语言规范和行为规范的要求，也就是说，译文要像汉语里商界人士所说的行话。忠实与通顺二者相互依存，若译文忠实而不通顺，读者就看不懂，也就达不到交易的目的;若通顺而不忠实，脱离原文的内容与风格，则会使商务活动受到阻碍，通顺也就毫无意义。 “准确统一”是指译文要准确传达原文的信息，译文所传递的信息同商务英语原文所传递的信息要保持一致；在翻译过程中，译文采用的译名、概念、术语等都应该保持前后统一，不允许将同一概念或术语随意变换译名。因此，商务英语的翻译应以准确的语言、统一的汉语商务套语加以表达，不得出任何差错，否则会酿成不可挽回的损失。
考试简介 全国商务英语翻译（ETTBL）是我国一项系统的“外语+专业”的商务翻译培训、考试，以全国《商务英语翻译教程》（口译/笔译）的培训大纲为基础，内容涵盖广告、产品描述、产品与保险、人力资源与职业、经济、国际贸易、金融证券、市场营销、法律、合同与协议、旅游业等。由商务英语专业教授及富有商务背景的外籍教师进行授课，侧重于常用商务材料英汉互译对照、常用商务专业词汇及典型句型解析、翻译技巧等。打造商务英语翻译培训的优秀品牌，弥补高素质商务英语翻译人才的市场缺口，培养出专业化、知识化的口译/笔译人才，缩短新学员进入企业的磨合期，尽快适应工作；提高在职人员商务英语翻译专业水平及职业能力，更好地胜任工作。 学员完成培训计划规定的全部内容和课时后，参加全国商务英语翻译的考核及综合评定，根据考评结果，颁发相应等级相应层次的《全国商务英语翻译证书》。是商务英语人员上岗就业的依据，是工商、合资企业、外事单位用人的资格凭证.该证书全国通用，并网上注册()。并为学员建立个人资料库，借助中国商务人才网（）的网络平台协助考生就业和提供继续教育服务等。
职业定义 初级：能在商务往来中进行一般性商务英语交谈。涉外企业的员工及同层次的企业外销人员、宾馆接待人员、商场收银员等。 中级：能在一般性商务会谈和商务活动中进行口译和笔译。涉外企业的职员及同层次的秘书，办公室主管等。 高级：能在一般性商务会议和外事商务活动中进行口译和笔译。涉外企业主管及同层次的企业经理助理、企业经理等。 翻译师：能在大型商务会议中进行复杂的口译和笔译，并胜任专职商务翻译工作。 高级翻译师：能在各种国际会议中进行口译和笔译。在口译中能交替传译和同声传译；在笔译中对商务活动会议的文件及商务专业性的资料作笔译。能承担国际商务会议中各种复杂的笔译、口译，解决商务英语中的一切疑难问题。 考试对象 凡遵守中华人民共和国宪法和法律、恪守职业道德、具备一定外语水平、有志于从事商务领域翻译工作的在职和求职人员及在校生，不论学历高低，均可参加。
BEC初级口语电子讲义 第一课时 BEC Preliminary介绍 Ⅰ BP Introduction BEC初级介绍 (ⅰ)Why take BEC exams? * strong growth * rigorous quality control * wide suitability * wide business context * value for study and business career * international recognition for work and study (ⅱ) BP Content BP包含的内容 BP考试主要是考学生的语言能力，包括听、说、读、写四个方面。试卷所设计的语言文字基本上都与商务有关。另外，还考学生的英语语法、结构等内容。 BP考试分笔试和口试两大部分。笔试包括阅读、写作和听力。 听说读写 听力：电话、面谈、问路、讨论等 阅读：来往函电、表格、会议记录(memorandum)、广告(advertisement)、通知(announcement)、日程安排(business schedule)、电话留言、简历(resume/CV)、商业文章、信息转换、产品目录(product catalog) 写作：写短文、商务信函(查询信、复查询信、抱怨信、图表描述) 口语：日常会话(daily conversation)、简单陈述(mainly presentation)、讨论问题 (ⅲ) Papers 试卷 Preliminary V antage Advanced Reading 1 hr 30 mins ﹡ 1 hr 1 hr Writing45 mins 1 hr 10 mins Listening40 mins40 mins40 mins Speaking 12 mins ﹡﹡14 mins ﹡﹡16 mins ﹡﹡ ( 2 candidates)
商务英语翻译试题(二)试卷及答案-2
商务英语翻译试题（二） Ⅰ词汇测试题：（2题，每题10分，共20分） 1．该组有10个商务英语英文词或词组，下面均有英文词或词组来进行解释。请将正确的选项标出，要求英英转换意义准确，符合商务英语规范。（10分） (1) promote A. to encourage the popularity, sale or development B. to change or vary C. to act as judge in an argument D. to speak or write to someone (2) to address A. to speak or write to someone, or to direct information at someone. B. to offer, supply C. to stipulate D. to come up with ideas (3) to indemnify A. to pay for the damage B. to state something officially C. to suggest an idea D. to use something instead of another (4) to cancel an order A. to confirm an order B. to deliver a letter C. to recommend a candidate D. to make void or of no effect (5) ceiling A. upper limit B. cancellation C. bottom D. the lowest point (6) tide over A. to help sb. during a period of difficulty B. to spend a lot of time doing C. to tie to sth. D. to try one’s best (7) carry out A. to take away B. to perform or complete C. to give or offer something D. to suggest an idea (8) to complicate A. to finish something B. to be dissatisfied with something C. to make something more difficult to deal with D. to compare with something (9) to put on an event A. to come up with ideas B. to come on for sth. 2
商务英语考试(BEC)/模拟试题 2019年商务英语初级翻译试题3 【导语】在每一次发奋努力之后，必然有加倍的奖赏等待着我们。相信通过大家的努力，拿到2019年证书绝对没问题。以下为“2019年商务英语初级翻译试题3”，欢迎阅读参考！更多相关讯息请关注小编！ (1) The contract is entered into between the Sellers who agree to sell and the Buyers who agree to buy the following goods on the terms and conditions as set forth below: Name of commodity: Specifications:
Quantity (with3% more or less): Packing: Unit price: Total value: Shipping Marks: Time of shipment: Port of loading and Discharge: Insurance:
(2) Terms of Payment: By Confirmed, Irrevocable and Divisible L/C in favor of ×××，allowing transshipment and partial shipments. The Letter of Credit shall reach the Sellers before ----and remain valid at above loading port until the 15th day after the aforesaid time of shipment .If the Buyers fail to open the Letter of Credit in time, the Sellers shall have the right to cancel this sales contract without further notice and /or claim on the Buyers for losses resulting therefrom. 【参考答案】
初级商务英语（20）(1) Unit 20 The budget meeting Modals 1. Listening Listen to the extract from a budget meeting. Peter, John and Susan are discussing next year’s departmental budgets. As you listen, indicate their opinions on the table below. Use these symbols: + = more money should be spent - = less money should be spent OK = the proposed figure should remain the same Budget proposals 请见附图20-1 Listening Task P: Right, let’s get started. Now, you’ve all seen the budget proposals for next year. Have you got anything to say? J: I think the research figure is too low. We should increase it by at least 5%. P: Well, we could do that, but it means less money for the other departments. I think it should stay the same. S: I agree with John. We could reduce the figure for marketing-that would allow us to increase the budget for research. P: I felt marketing needed a good figure this year. They’ve got a big launch mid-year. I think they couldn’t manage with less. J: I’m sure they could and… P: Just a moment. Let’s look at the other two department budgets. That’s production and sales. J: Well, we can’t cut the production budget, that’s for sure. I don’t know about sales. S: Why do you say we can’t cut production’s budget? They had a big investment last year. Well, surely they could manage on less this year? P: Yes, I think I agree. Production ought to manage with less this year, having spent so much last year. S: A small cut in the production budget might mean we could increase the research figure. P: Right, I’ll put that to the Production Manager. Finally, what about sales? S: I think it’s a bit high. They might save a bit by spending less on the after-sales side. P: John, any views? J: Well, I think we should spend more on sales. P: That’s out of the question. The figure shouldn’t be changed. 2. Presentation Modal verbs(such as should, ought, can, could, might) can be used to indicate speakers’ attitudes or opinions. These can be categorized as follows:
商务英语翻译测试题及 答案 集团档案编码：[YTTR-YTPT28-YTNTL98-UYTYNN08]
I. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the meanings of words italicized.(15%) 1. The above quoted are the articles in great demand, which have won a high reputation in various markets. 2. The articles in this agreement must not be modified and ended
without the agreement by the both parties. 3. However, the tariff should not be greater in amount than the margin of price caused by dumping. 4. As usual, the lion’s share of the budget is for defense. 5. He once again imparted to us his great knowledge, experience and wisdom.
II. Translate the following sentences with extension.(15%) 1. There is a mixture of the tiger and ape in the character of Hitler. 2.China, which posted its highest growth rate in a decade, is Asia’s new star performer. 3. John took to his studies eagerly, and proved an adept pupil.
经典商务英语句子翻译 那些期待在网络销售大战中买到低价家用电器的顾客可要失望了，因为只有一部分的产品真正比之前降价了。 总部位于的京东商城率先发难，承诺其价格会比头号竞争对手，中国最大的家电零售商宁电器，在实体店的售价还要低10%。 Customers expecting to cash in on a widely anticipated price war among online home appliance retailers were disappointed to find that only a limited number of products were cheaper yesterday. The war kicked off when Beijing-based 360Buy. promised to keep its prices at 10 percent below those sold at the offline retail outlets of its major rival, Suning, China's largest home appliance retailer. 1. It was the second most-visited online retailer in December, after eBay。 它是12月份访问人数第二多的在线经销商，仅次于eBay。 2.Ecommerce continues to thrive on the Web, and no company is going to shut its Web site as an information resource. 电子商务继续在互联网上茁壮成长，作为信息资源没有哪个公司会把自己的关闭。 3. Now business organizations such as the Alliance for Electronic Business (AEB) are adding to the criticism. 如今，诸如电子商务联盟这样的商业机构也加入到了批评的队伍中。
2017年初级商务英语翻译模拟试题 If winter comes, can spring be far behind，以下是小编为大家搜索整理的2017年初级商务英语翻译模拟试题，希望能给大家带来帮助!更多精彩内容请及时关注我们应届毕业生考试网! 英译汉 Making the transition to e-business can be daunting.(1) There is so much to do, so many questions to answer, so many possibilities to explore. How do you know where to start?When you begin planning an e-business, the most important thing to remember is that you shouldn't try to do everything at once. Biting off more than you and your team can effectively handle can be as big a problem as doing nothing. (2) Focus your initial e-business efforts on those areas that can most immediately gain from the investment. This lets you pick a targeted starting point, with clear goals and boundaries, so you can build the foundation from which other e-business initiatives will flow. (3) Intel took this advice to heart when it began planning the Intel(r) e-business Web site. Rather than attempting to remake the entire Intel business infrastructure — a truly daunting task for a global corporation with over 65,000 employees — the company focused on its direct customers, including OEMs and distributors. (4) The idea was to focus on customers who already had a relationship through Intel field sales and customer support , and find ways to improve that relationship through the Internet. (5) “ We picked one thing we could build very quickly and deploy to our customers, ” says Sandra Morris, director of Intel's Internet Marketing & e-Commerce. 汉译英 1. 我们要事先准备所有申请材料。(in advance) 2. 你需要确定顾客为何需要你的某种电脑和你的电脑怎样才能满足那种需求。(meet the need) 3. 英特网可以直接让人得到信息、产品和服务，这就省掉了中间商，还会引起经济萎缩。 (economic deflation) 4. 我们讨论企业的产品和服务以及行业和英特网的信息。(along with)
商务英语翻译实训总结 商务英语翻译实训总结 更广泛的关注，高职商务英语翻译实训课程便位列其中。 一、翻译实训课的重要性实训课作为实践性课程的重要组成部分，对高职教育来说自然非常重要。与普通高等教育相比，高职教育更加重视培养实用型、应用型的人才。实训课程即为实现这一培养目标的重要途径之一。杨国祥，丁钢总结了高职课程建设的基本原则，其中即有突出实践教学的原则。[1](P223)同时，高职教育较普通高等教育而言更强调培养学生的动手实践能力，有人也称高职教育为就业教育。因此，尽快缩短学生进入工作角色的周期就成为高职教育的一个重要目标。设置一些实践性的课程，比如实训课，就有助于实现这一目标。[2](P49)翻译课本身即是实践性非常强的课程，如果没有大量的实际操练和训练，就容易偏于理论而失去其应有的实践性意义。相反，只有通过大量的笔译和口译实操，在训练的过程中发现并帮助解决学生存在的问题，同时补充一些做好翻译所必需的方法、技巧，如笔译中长句的断句技巧、主动语态与被动语态的互变、增词译法、减词译法，口译中的顺译技巧、焊接技巧、拆句技巧、合句技巧、耽搁翻译、预判技巧等，才能让高职商务英语专业的学生更快地掌握翻译技巧和方法，提高翻译能力，从而增强其就业竞争力。 二、高职商务英语翻译实训课现状尽管翻译实训课非常重要，但是高职商务英语翻译实训课目前却表现出发展极其不均衡的状况。1.就重视程度而言，一些院校非常重视，不仅开设翻译实训课，有些还专门建立了翻译实训室。然而，很多高职院校的商务英语专业不重视
或不够重视翻译实训课的建设，只是在翻译课中加一些练习。究其原因，一方面可能是财力、物力等方面有所局限;另一方面，则可能是主观上不够重视，有些院校则根本不设置翻译课和翻译实训课。2.在开设了翻译实训课的院校中，也存在着各种各样的问题。 (1)师资问题教授翻译实训课的教师必须要有翻译知识背景，要了解基本的翻译理论、技巧、方法等，同时最好有商务实践背景。现实情况却是，有些院校的商务翻译实训课是由纯语言学背景但无翻译背景的教师来教授的，有些则由有实践经验但缺乏必需的翻译理论、方法、技巧的教师任教。结果自然都无法令人满意。 (2)翻译实训课的课时不足有些院校也开设翻译实训课，但课时却严重不足，导致的结果是教师的讲授和学生的练习均无法达到令人满意的效果。 (3)缺乏好的翻译实训课教材教材对教学活动的重要性不言而喻。实训教材包括实训教学大纲、实训指导书、实训教学文字材料、实训教学软件、实训教学音像材料等。[3](P48)市面上缺乏此类翻译实训课教材，因此在教授翻译实训课时只能选择一些翻译教程为教材。如此一来，教学效果肯定会受到很大影响。 (4)实训室和实训基地缺乏或数量不足实训室和实训基地对于实训教学的重要性不言而喻，商务英语翻译实训亦是如此。但现实情况却是很多院校根本没有商务英语翻译实训室和实训基地。 (5)校企联合、产学研开展不够在实训教学中，校企联合、产学研等都起着举足轻重的作用。据笔者较为详尽的调查，这一块的现状总体也无法令人满意。
商务英语初级考试练习题 导读：我根据大家的需要整理了一份关于《商务英语初级考试练习题》的内容，具体内容：英语是要我们认真的学习一下的，因为英语是很重要的，我今天就给大家带来了商务英语，有机会的可以看看哦商务英语英文正文A: We feel the market... 英语是要我们认真的学习一下的，因为英语是很重要的，我今天就给大家带来了商务英语，有机会的可以看看哦 商务英语 英文正文 A: We feel the market will soon be on the upgrade, and its time to work together on this new product. B: I think we all agree that there will be a market boom soon. If we plan ahead, we shall beat our competitors. A: Yes. When people start spending the money they saved during the market slump, well do well. B: Were ready to put a lot of money into making the product. Are you going to invest in marketing to develop the market for it? A: Yes. Our company is not making much money now, but we know if we spend money to develop the market for this product, future profits will be good. B: Its a feature of the market that people start to buy things
全国商务英语翻译统一考试初级笔译练习试题 练习一 Part I Translate the following sentences into English or Chinese 1．迄今为止，各国的移民政策侧重于为低技能工人设置障碍，同时鼓励高技能专业人才、工程师、科学家和企业家前来工作，甚至定居。 2．Kasda是瑞士的汽车、能源和食品集团公司。本年度第一季度，尽管它的总营业额下降了6%，但是利润却增加了12.1%。 3．“海洋城”以其绵延10英里（相当于16公里）的海滩而闻名，每年接待约800万游客 4．当富人想到将财富传给子孙的时候，他们通常会有两种情绪：害怕和忧虑。他们害怕或忧虑金钱会对子孙产生消极影响；害怕金钱会让子孙失去通过努力工作获得成功的人生动力。 5．关于我方第315号订单，由于到货质量低劣，我方被迫表达强烈不满。 6．China is fielding its largest-ever Olympic team at the upcoming Beijing Games, with 639 athletes competing in all 28 sports. The Chinese team will attempt to surpass the 32 gold medals won at the Athens Olympics, four less than the United States. 7．A Japanese media report says Japan and China have reached a compromise and agreed to jointly develop gas fields and share profits in disputed areas of the East China Sea. 8．The number of newly laid-off U.S. workers rose last week, the latest sign that the economic downturn is affecting the job market. A report Thursday from the Labor Department said the number of people applying for unemployment benefits for the first time rose 22–thousand, to 378–thousand. 9. Chinese economy suffered only a mild setback in the first quarter of 2008, and remains resilient despite inflation and worsening global credit crisis. 10. Praise and encouragement also makes employees more likely to work hard and stay in their jobs, saving on the cost of finding replacements. Part II Translate the following passages into Chinese. Passage 1 Most Americans believe someone isn’t grown up until age 26, probably with a completed education, a full-time job, a family to support and financial independence, a survey said. But they also believe that becoming an official grown-up is a process that takes five years from about the age of 20, concluded the report from the University of Chicago’s National Opinion Research Center. The findings were based on a representative sample of 1398 people over age 18. The poll found the following ages at which people expect the transitions to grown-up status to be completed: age 20.9 self-supporting; 21.1 no longer living with parents; 21.2 full-time job; 22.3 education complete; 24.5 being able to support a family financially; 25.7 married; and 26.2 having a child. “There is a large degree of consensus across social groups on the relative importance of the seven transitions,” said Tom Smith, director of the survey. The only notable pattern of differences is on views about supporting a family, having a child and g etting married. “Older adults and the widowed and married rate these as more important than younger adults and the never-married do,” he added. “This probably reflects in large part a shift in values across generations away from traditional family values.” The most valued step toward reaching adulthood, the survey found, was completing an education, followed by full-time employment, supporting a family, financial independence, living independently of parents, marriage and parenthood. Passage 2 Spend less than you earn. This is perhaps the most worn out, overused phrase in the world of personal finance. But guess what? It’s also the single most important financial lesson you’ll ever learn. No matter how hard you work and how much money you earn, you’ll never achieve financial security if you spend more than you earn, so…… do whatever it takes to make sure that this doesn’t happen. This takes self-discipline, and might require constructing a budget, but if you ever want to get to a point where you can afford all the little niceties in life, you need to make it happen. Plan for the future. I’ve been where you are, and I know that “the future” seems like it’s a million miles away. Do yourself a favor. Sit down and define short, intermediate, and long-term goals and then put together a plan for getting there. It’s not easy, and you probably won’t get it right at first but once you do this, you’ll have something concrete to work from (and to modify in the future). Start small and work your way up. Be patient. Building a solid financial foundation takes time. Don’t look for shortcuts or try to strike it rich overnight wit h the latest hot investment tip. Likewise, don’t make major financial decisions wi thout fully considering the ramifications. This isn’t to say that you should be paralyzed fear. Rather, you need to do your homework. Turn those unknowns into knowns, and
湖北省高等教育自学考试课程考试大纲 课程名称：商务英语翻译课程代码：05355 第一部分课程性质与目标 一、课程性质与特点 商务英语翻译是湖北省高等教育自学考试商务英语专业（专科）的一门专业基础课。该课程实践性强，注重专业知识，以课文的英译汉为主要内容，配以翻译理论和互译技巧的讲解，将英语学习与商务专业知识、英汉翻译理论与商务方面的实际应用等有机结合。本课程具备科学性，典型性，实用性，并紧扣全国国际商务专业技术资格考试中的规定的相关内容，理论联系实际，针对性强。 二、课程目标及基本要求 本课程较全面的涉及到了商务英语活动的各方面，讲解相关内容的翻译方法与技巧，增强翻译技能，通过大量全真的英汉互译的实例训练以达到提高本专业学生在专业英语及商务知识方面的翻译能力的目的。 通过本课程的学习，使学生能够全面、灵活地运用各种翻译方法和技巧，准确、完整地对各种商务英语体裁的文章进行翻译，达到商务英语专业大学专科的要求。 三、与本专业其他课程的关系 商务英语翻译课程的前期课程有综合英语（上）、商务英语听说、商务英语阅读、商务英语写作等课程，其后续课程是综合英语（下）、商务函电等课程，这些课程紧密联系，相辅相成。 第二部分考核内容与考核目标 第一单元 一、学习目的与要求 通过本单元的学习，使学生了解翻译的过程，翻译的形式及其目的；掌握《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》的有关内容；对国际商务合同的术语翻译和解读。 二、考核知识点与考核目标 （一）翻译中的词类转换；翻译的形式（重点） 理解：词类转换： 1.英语名词转化为汉语动词 1)动物名词的转化 2)人体名词的转换 3)自然现象名词的转化 4)地点名词的转化 2.英语名词转为为汉语形容词、副词 应用：翻译的形式 (1)直译literal translation (2)意译free translation (3)活译dynamic equivalence translation