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初中疑问句、祈使句、感叹句

初中疑问句、祈使句、感叹句
初中疑问句、祈使句、感叹句

(1)疑问句:

用来提出疑问的句子。可以分为:一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句四种

类型。

1)一般疑问句:

能够用Yes或者No来回答的疑问句叫一般疑问句。肯定回答用Yes,否定回答用No。一般疑问句的结构是:Be+主语+表语+……?或者是:助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语+……?例如:

-Are you a teacher? 你是老师吗?

-Yes, I am. 是的,我是。

或:-No, I am not. 不,我不是。

—Does your mother go shopping on Sunday? 你妈妈星期天购物吗?

-Yes, she does. 是的,她经常去购物。

不,她不经常去购物。

或:-No, she doesn’t.

—Must we go at once? 我们必须立刻走吗?

—Yes, we must. 是的,必须走。

或:—No, we needn’t. 不,没有必要。

注意:

一般疑问句也可用表示肯定或否定的词来回答,如certainly(当然),surely(当然),of course(当然),I think so(我想是的),all right(好吧),certainly not(当然不是), not at all(一点也不), never(从不),sorry(很抱歉),not yet(还没有) I’m afraid not(恐怕不是)等。

2) 特殊疑问句:

用来对句子的某一特殊部分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。特殊疑问句一般用降调。其结构是:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(+……)?对它的回答不能用Yes或者No,要根据询问的内容具体回答。例如:

-Where were you at that time? 那时你在哪里?

—I was at home. 我在家。

常用的疑问代词有who(谁),whom(谁),whose(谁的),which(哪一个),what(什

么);疑问副词有when(何时),where(何地),why(为什么),how(如何)以及“how+形容词”构成的短语。例如:

Who is your teacher? 谁是你的老师?(指人,作主语)

Whom did you telephone to just now? 你刚才给谁打电话?(指人,作宾语)

Whose coat is this? 这是谁的大衣?(作定语)

Which child knows the answer? 哪个孩子知道答案?(作定语)

What class are you in? 你在几班?(指物,作定语)

When will you arrive?(提问时间)

Where has he gone?(提问地点)

Why are you late again?(提问原因)

How do you often go to school? (提问方式)

How far is it from your house to your school? (how far 提问距离)

How often does he go to the French club? (how often 提问频率)

3)选择疑问句:

选择疑问句是提供两种或者两种以上的情况,问对方选择哪一种。其结构可以用一般疑问句

也可以用特殊疑问句,之间用连词or链接。选择疑问句不能用yes或者no来回答,必须

选择其中之一来回答。例如:

—Shall we go there by bus or on foot? 我们乘坐公共汽车去还是步行去?

—We’ll go by bus. 我们乘坐公共汽车去。

—Which do you like better, tea or coffee? 茶和咖啡,你更喜欢哪种?

—I like tea better. 我更喜欢茶。

4) 反意疑问句:

也叫附加疑问句,是在陈述句的后面加一个简短问句,对陈述句所说的事实或者观点提出疑

问或希望陈述句部分内容得到证实。结构为“肯定陈述句+否定问句+?”或“否定陈述句+肯定问句+?”。例如:

你会来的,是吗?

You are coming, aren’t you?

You can’t swim, can you? 你不会游泳,对吗?

她哥哥去年上的大学,是不是?

Her brother went to college last year, didn’t he?

注意:

①陈述部分的主句带有no, never, nothing, nowhere, hardly, seldom, few, little等否定词或半否

定词时,附加问句用肯定形式。例如:

You hardly speak English, do you? 你几乎不能说英语,对吗?

They have few friends here, do they? 他们在这里几乎没有朋友,对吗?

①There be句型的反意疑问句,其附加问句仍用there。

明天有个晚会,是不是?

There will be a party tomorrow, won’t there?

①陈述部分是一个主从复合句,附加问句一般要和主句一致。但是当陈述部分是“I’m sure…, I’m afraid…, I (don’t) think / believe… +

宾语从句”结构时,附加问句应与从句一致,而且要

注意否定转移现象。

他说他上课迟到了,是吗?

He said he was late for class, didn’t he?

I don’t think he is good at math, is he? 我认为他不擅长数学,是不是这样?(否定转移)

①反意疑问句的答语一般要根据事实用yes或no引导的简单问句回答,汉语的翻译有时和

英语不一致。例如:

—She can’t swim, can she?

她不会游泳,对吗?

—Yes, she can. 不,她会。

你昨天没有在这里,对吗?

—You weren’t here yesterday, are you?

是,我不在。

—No, I wasn’t.

(2)祈使句:

祈使句是用来表示请求、命令、劝告、建议等语气的句子。祈使句的主语一般是第二人称

+动词原形+其他。

you,但往往省略,谓语一般用动词原形,否定句是用助动词don’t

例如:

Don’t be late next time. 下一次不要迟到。

Open the door, please. 请打开门。

有时候祈使句的后面用附加疑问句加强语气。例如:

Don’t tell it anyone, will you? 不要告诉任何人,好吗?

(3)感叹句:

表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子叫感叹句。感叹句的末尾用感叹号。句子开头经常用what 或者how。

1)How在感叹句中可以修饰形容词、副词、或整个句子等。

例如:

How beautiful the skirt is! 这条裙子多漂亮呀!

How tall your brother is!你的哥哥多高呀!

How time flies! 时间过得真快呀!

2)what在感叹句可以修饰名词。如果名词是可数名词的单数形式,用what+a/an+(形容词)+名词+主语+谓语!如果是不可数名词或者可数名词的复数形式用What+(形容词)+名词+主语+谓语!

例如:

What a tall boy your brother is! 你哥哥是一个多么高的男孩!

What beautiful pictures they are! 那些图画多美丽呀!

注意:

what和how引导的感叹句有时可以互换,但是要注意词序的变化。例如:

他是多聪明的孩子!

What a clever boy he is! = How clever a boy he is!

= How clever the boy is!

I.单项选择。

1.—________ do you make a banana milk shake?

—Peel the banana first and blend it with milk.

A.What B.When C.How D.Where

2.There are two libraries in this city,________?

A.aren’t there B.aren’t they C.isn’t it D. is it

,does she?

3.—She doesn’t like geography

—________.

A.Yes,she does B.Yes,she doesn’t C.No,she does D. Yes,she is 4.________ information he offered us! We all thank him.

A.What useful B.What useless C.How useful D.How useless 5.John,clean your room,________?

A.will you B.shall we C.don’t you D.doesn’t he

6.—________ won the 100th gold medal at the Olympics for China?

—Zhang Yining.She’s from Beijing.

A.Who B.What C.When D.Where

7.Our hometown is more beautiful than before.________?

A.isn’t it B.is it C.doesn’t it D.does it

8.— ________ will the foreign students be back from Xibaipo?

—In five days.

A.How soon B.How often C.Flow far D.How fast

9. ________ weather it is!

A. What a fine

B. How fine

C. What fine

D. How fine the

10. -_______ day it is!

-Let’s go out and have a picnic.

A. How cold

B. How nice

C. What a cloudy

D. What a lovely

11. I suppose you are not going today, _________?

A. are you

B. do you

C. don’t you

D. aren’t you

12.-Don’t you often go shopping?

-_________. I work very late every day.

A. Yes, I do

B. No, I don’t

C. Yes, I don’t

D. No, I do

13.-Linda had nothing for breakfast this morning , ________?

-No, she got up too late.

A. had she

B. hadn’t she

C. did she

D. didn’t she

14.-_______ is that man over there?

-That’s my brother.

A. Who

B. What

C. Where

D. How

15.-______ did you have the party last night?

-In the park.

A. What

B. Why

C. When

D. Where

16._______ sleep too late. It’s bad for your health.

A. Do

B. Not

C. Don’t

D. Isn’t

17.________, and you will do well in physics.

A. Studying

B. Study hard

C. Studies hard

D. To study hard

18.You bought a new computer last week, ______?

A. aren’t you

B. don’t you

C. didn’t you

D. haven’t you

19. _______ it’s blowing outside!

A. What heavy

B. How heavy

C. How heavily

D. What heavily

20. ________ Mrs. Smith is!

A. How kind woman

B. What a kind woman

C. What kind woman

D. How a kind woman

II. 按括号内要求完成下列句式。

1. The worker's visited the factory already.(改成否定句、一般疑问句)

The worker _______ ________ the factory ________.

________ the worker ________ the factory ________?

2.She writes to her parents once a week.(对划线部分提问)

_______ ______ ______ she write to her parents?

3. Our P.E teacher has been at this school since he came.(对划线部分提问)

______ ______ ______ our P.E teacher been at this school?

4. Edison built a science lab himself when he was ten. (改为一般疑问句)

______ Edison ______ a science lab himself when he was ten?

5. Those Japanese like Chinese food.(改为一般疑问句)

______ those Japanese ________ Chinese food?

6. The twins could swim when they were four, _______ _______? (改为反意疑问句)

7. There is little meat in the fridge, _______ _______? (改为反意疑问句)

8. Let's fly the kite on the playground, _______ _______?(改为反意疑问句)

9. Please turn down the radio a bit, _______ ________?(改为反意疑问句)

10. He had lunch at home. (用at school改选择问句)

_______ he _______ lunch at home ________ at school?

III. 选择How或What(a/an)填空:

1. __________ carefully they are listening to the teacher!

2._________ interesting book he has in his hand!

3._________ badly he hurt himself!

4._________friendly she is to everyone!

5._________ good kind girl she is!

6. _________ bad weather! I hope it won’t last long.

中考陈述句、感叹句、疑问句和祈使句

陈述句、感叹句、疑问句和祈使句 中考主要考查疑问句的疑问词/组、祈使句、感叹句及反义疑问句的回答和它们之间的转换以及应用。其中对疑问词的选择、感叹句的运用及反义疑问句的考查是重点。 一、陈述句 陈述句用来陈述一件事或表达一种看法,有肯定和否定两种形式,句末通常用句号,读降调。 (一)陈述句的肯定式 结构:主语+谓语+其他。如: That boy always helps others. 那个男孩经常帮助别人。 I went to the cinema with my friend yesterday. 昨天我和朋友去电影院了。 (二)陈述句的否定式 1. be的否定式 (1)be用作系动词时,结构为:主语+be+not+表语+其他。如: Tom was not at home yesterday. 昨天汤姆不在家。 (2)be用作助动词,用于be doing/be going to do/be done等时态或被动语态中,结构为:主语+ be+ not+动词的现在分词或过去分词+其他。如: Mother is not cooking. 妈妈没在做饭。 The sweater isn’t made of wool. 这件毛衣不是羊毛做的。

2. 助动词、情态动词的否定式 The girl doesn’t do housework at home. 这个女孩在家不做家务。 Man can’t live without water. 没有水人类不能生存。 3. 除not外,其他否定词也可以构成否定句 (1)用no表示,no=not any/a。如: He has no child.=He doesn’t have any children.他没有孩子。 (2)never绝不,从来不。如: I have never seen such a strange man. 我从没见过这样奇怪的人。 (3)little, few几乎没有。如: There are few students in the crowd. 人群里几乎没有学生。 (4)no one/nobody 没有人。如: No one/Nobody is interested in the book. 没有人对这本书感兴趣。 (5)nothing 什么也没有。如: There is nothing left in the backpack. 背包里没剩什么东西了。 (6)neither of... 没有什么人(常用于两者都不);none of... 没有任何人,什么都没有(用于三者及以上都不)。如:

初中英语知识点总结:感叹句和祈使句

知识点总结 一、感叹句 感叹句是用来表达喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情的一种句式。尽管感叹句的表现形式多种多样,但主要的表现形式只有两种,即what和how引导的感叹句。what修饰名词,how 修饰形容词、副词或动词。 1、由感叹词what引导的感叹句。what修饰名词或名词短语,有以下两种形式: 1)What+a(an)+(形容词)+单数可数名词+主语+谓语!或是:What+名词词组+主语+谓语!如:What a fine day it is! 2)What+(形容词)+可数名词复数或不可数名词+主语+谓语!如:What kind women they are! What nice music it is! 2、由How引导的感叹句。how用来修饰形容词、副词或动词。其结构是:How+形容词(副词)+主语+谓语!例如: How hard the workers are working! How clever the girl is! 注意:当how修饰动词时,动词不跟着感叹词提到主语之前。How fast the runner runs! 3、what与how引导的感叹句,一般情况下可以相互转换,转换后意义不变。(具体见下)如:What an interesting story it is!==How interesting the story is! what a beautiful building it is!==How beautiful the building is! 在口语中,感叹句的主语和谓语常常省略。如:What a nice present!(省略it is)How disappointed!(省略she is或其它可作本句主、谓的词语) 二、祈使句 用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句,祈使句通常省略主语,谓语动词用原形,句尾用感叹号或句号。 1、肯定结构: 1)动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分。如:Please have a seat here. 请这边坐。有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。如:This way, please. = Go this way, please. 请这边走。 2)Be + 表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分。如:Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子! 3)Let + 宾语+ 动词原形+ 其它成分。如:Let me help you. 让我来帮你。 2、否定结构: 1)don't+动词原形+其他。如:Don't forget me! 不要忘记我! Don't be late for school! 上学不要迟到! 2)Let + 宾语+ not + 动词原形+ 其它成分。如: Let him not go. 别让他走。 3)有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。如:No smoking! 禁止吸烟! 常见考法 对于感叹句和祈使句的考查,常会出现在单选和完成句子中,主要考察两种句子的用法和构成。 典型例题:You should not talk in class.(改写同义句) in class. 解析:本题考查祈使句的用法。从题意“你不应该在课堂上说话”可知,这是建议对方不要做某事的,应该用祈使句。

祈使句与感叹句、陈述句

祈使句的作用是要求、请求或命令、劝告、叮嘱、建议别人做或不做一件事。祈使句的句末一般用感叹号,但是有些祈使句的语气较弱,可以用句号结尾。祈使句可以用语气词“吧”作结尾,也可以不用语气词。祈使句可以表示命令、请求、禁止、劝阻等。祈使句表示请求、命令、建议等等。谓语动词一律用原形。句子中通常不用主语,句末用惊叹号或 者句号,用降调。祈使句中的主语常常被省去。表示命令的祈使句例如: “保持肃静!”、“起立”表示请求的句式表示请求的句式通常是“请……”。例如: “请等我一会。”表示禁止的句式表示禁止的句式有:“不准……”、“不要……”、“别……”等。例如: 此处不准停车! 例如: 此处禁止吸烟! 表示劝阻的句式表示劝阻的句式通常是「请勿……」。例如:请勿在车厢内饮食。 陈述句:就是把问句化成陈述句。 如。他真的是一个好孩子吗? 转陈述句:他真是一个好孩子。 感叹句:有赞叹类似的语句: 如:他真是一个好孩子啊! 反问句:如:难道他真是的是一个好孩子吗?(注意:陈述句转反问句中一般在句子前加难道……吗?) 双重否定句:两个否定变肯定 如:我不得不承认那个本是我的 在双重否定句中,有那么几个个可以用: 不得不不能不难道……不……不可能不不会不怎么会……不不是不等 更加详细的话你去BAIDU搜一 感叹句:加上“啊”及“!”,有时应加上“真”、“很”、“多么”、“太”。 陈述句改反问句:加上“怎么”“怎能”“难道”其中一个反问词,有“不”改没“不”,没“不”改有“不”(看情况,不能一个词、比如“不声不响”你把它改了意思就变了,要看情况),加上“吗”、“呢”以及“?”。 陈述句改双重否定句:加上“不得不”、“不会不”、“不能不”、“无()不”、“没()不”的其中一个(看情况选)。

七年级英语下册Module12Westernmusic感叹句和选择疑问句语法要点(新版)外研版.doc

Module 12语法要点 1.感叹句 当我们想表达一种较为强烈的感情,如喜悦、赞叹、惊异、厌恶等时,可以用感叹句。在第一单元的对话中,Daming 在听到《蓝色的多瑙河》后赞叹:“It’s so beautiful!”Betty也说;“I love his music!”她还赞美维也纳:“What a beautiful city!”这三个句子都是感叹句。通过仔细观察,我们发现这些句子大致可分为两类。第一类是; It’s so beautiful!真美啊! I love his music!我喜欢他的音乐! 这种感叹句在句式上与陈述句没有任何区别,只是将句号变成了感叹号,语气变得更强烈而已。也就是说,在这一类句子的书面语中我们是用感叹号表达感叹的语气,在口语中则是通过说话的语气来表达强烈的情感。 Happy birthday,Tom!生日快乐,汤姆! I am so angry!我太生气了! 除了这一类句子以外,在英文中还有一种专门表达感叹的句式,例如: What a beautiful city! 好漂亮的城市! 这种句式常用what作为句子的开头。 What a lovely day! 多好的天气啊! What a horrible thing to do!这事多让人害怕啊! What a beautiful flower (it is)! 多么美的花儿啊! What nice weather (we’re having)!多好的天气啊! 可以把感叹句的基本结构归纳为“What +强调或感叹的部分(+句子的主语和谓语动词)”。 2.选择疑问句 — Is this by Strauss or Mozart? 这是施特劳斯写的还是莫扎特写的? —It’s by Strauss.是施特劳斯。 — Do you like traditional Western music or pop music?你喜欢西方传统音乐还是流行音乐?

教案--祈使句和感叹句

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