I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud (1804)
“And then my heart with pleasure fills,
And dances with the daffodils.”
I wandered lonely as a cloud
That floats on high o'er vales and hills,
When all at once I saw a crowd,
A host, of golden daffodils:
Beside the lake, beneath the trees,
Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.
Continuous as the stars that shine
And twinkle on the milky way,
They stretched in never-ending line
Along the margin of a bay:
Ten thousand say I at a glance,
Tossing their heads in sprightly dances.
The waves beside them danced; but they
Outdid the sparkling waves in glee;
A poet could not but be gay;
In such a jocund company;
I gazed-and gazed-but little thought
What wealth the show to me had brought:
For oft, when on my couch I lie
In vacant or in pensive mood,
They flash upon that inward eye
Which is the bliss of solitude;
And then my heart with pleasure fills,
And dances with the daffodils.
Dorothy Wordsworth, The Grasmere Journal , Thursday, 15 April 1802
●When we were in the woods beyond Gowbarrow Park, we saw a few daffodils close to
the water side. We fancied that the lake had floated the seed ashore and that the little colony had so sprung up. But as we went along there were more and more and at last under the boughs of the trees, we saw that there was a long belt of them along the shore, about the breadth of a country turnpike road.
I never saw daffodils so beautiful they grew among the mossy stones about and about
them, some rested their heads upon these stones as on a pillow for weariness and the rest tossed and reeled and danced and seemed as if they verily laughed with the wind that blew upon them over the lake, they looked so gay ever dancing ever changing.
This wind blew directly over the lake to them. There was here and there a little knot and a few stragglers a few yards higher up but they were so few as not to disturb the simplicity
and unity and life of that one busy highway. We rested again and again. The Bays were stormy, and we heard the waves at different distances and in the middle of the water like the sea.
Analysis
●Theme: To praise the beautiful golden daffodils and express the poet’s aesthetic view:
he pursues a kind of solitary beauty.
●Rhyme scheme: ababcc
●Rhythm: iambic tetrameter
●Key word of this poem: the bliss of solitude
●Wordsworth pursued a kind of solitary beauty, having no worldly worries and burdens,
which is quite different from the beauty in the common sense.
●写作手法：由景及人。
●Stanza (1,2,3)景Stanza(4)人
●Summary
●The speaker says that, wandering like a cloud floating above hills and valleys, he
encountered a field of daffodils beside a lake. The dancing, fluttering flowers stretched endlessly along the shore, and though the waves of the lake danced beside the flowers, the daffodils outdid the water in glee. The speaker says that a poet could not help but be happy in such a joyful company of flowers. He says that he stared and stared, but did not realize what wealth the scene would bring him. For now, whenever he feels "vacant" or "pensive," the memory flashes upon "that inward eye / That is the bliss of solitude," and his heart fills with pleasure, "and dances with the daffodils."
●Appreciation
●本诗风格清丽、流畅,诗人以空灵的笔触,把自己比喻成一朵云彩,凌空飘逸,俯视人间
奇景.诗人不仅生动地描写了摇曳似舞的水仙和波光粼粼的湖面,而且还借物抒情,从对景物的客观描述过渡到对心灵意境(inward eye)的开拓,饱含深情地描述了大自然赐予他的无限慰藉。
●本诗把自然景观和人物内心世界和谐地融为一体.达到“天人合一”的境界,充分体
现了华兹华斯的浪漫主义创作倾向,并很好地印证了他在《抒情歌谣集》中提出的诗学主张:“诗歌是强烈情感的自然流露,它来自宁静的回忆”。正是在对往事的宁静回忆中,那记忆中的一片金色的水仙顿时化作无尽的财富,触发了诗人的创作灵感
●The Solitary Reaper (1805)《孤独的割麦女》
●Behold her, single in the field,
Y on solitary Highland Lass!
Reaping and singing by herself，
Stop here, or gently pass!
Alone she cuts and binds the grain,
And sings a melancholy strain;
O listen! for the V ale profound
Is overflowing with the sound.
●No Nightingale did ever chaunt
More welcome notes to weary bands
Of travelers in some shady haunt,
Among Arabian sands:
A voice so thrilling ne'er was heard
In spring-time from the Cuckoo-bird,
Breaking the silence of the seas
Among the farthest Hebrides.
Will no one tell me what she sings?—Perhaps the plaintive numbers flow
For old, unhappy, far-off things,
And battles long ago:
Or is it some more humble lay, Familiar matter of to-day?
Some natural sorrow, loss, or pain,
That has been, and may be again?
●Whate'er the theme, the Maiden sang
As if her song could have no ending;
I saw her singing at her work,
And o'er the sickle bending——
I listened, motionless and still;
And, as I mounted up the hill,
The music in my heart I bore,
Long after it was heard no more. She Walks in Beauty (1814)
She walks in beauty, like the night
Of cloudless climes and starry skies; And all that’s best of dark and bright Meet in her aspect and her eyes:
Thus mellowed to that tender light Which heaven to gaudy day denies.
One shade the more, one ray the less, Had half impaired the nameless grace Which waves in every raven tress
Or softly lightens o’er her face; Where thoughts serenely sweet express How pure, how dear their dwelling place.
And on that cheek, and o’er that brow, So soft, so calm, yet eloquent,
The smiles that win, the tints that glow, But tell of days in goodness spent,
A mind at peace with all below,
A heart whose love is innocent!
她走在美的光影里
●她走在美的光影里,如夜空一般,
●皎洁无云,星光灿烂,
●白昼黑夜的色泽精粹,
●在她的玉容秋波里交汇,
●凝聚成一片柔雅情调,
●浓艳的白昼也无法从上苍得到。
●多一道阴影,少一抹光晕,
●都会令她失却难言的风韵,
●美涌动于她的每一缕秀发,
●温柔地映照着她的脸颊,
●甜蜜而安详的思绪在表达,
●哦,那思想的寓所,纯洁而高雅。
●那面容,那眉宇,
●温柔,安详,似蕴含千言万语,
●那醉人的微笑,那生辉的容颜,
●诉说着她在温馨中度过的芳年,
●宁静的心境能容下人间万象,
●圣洁的心灵里珍藏着爱的琼浆。
Glossary
●Climes:climate
●aspect:face, appearance
●Gaudy:bright-colored and showy
●Impair:damage, make …worse
●Raven tress:long black hair
●Serenely:peacefully
●Tints:variety of colors
●Goodness:virtue,excellence
●All below:everything in the world
.Background information
●Lord Byron was the 6th Baron Byron. This poem was written in response to seeing his
cousin, Lady Wilmot Horton, in a black mourning dress brightened with spangles at a party of Lady Sitwell's on June 11, 1814. The poem was written by the next morning. It was published in Hebrew Melodies in 1815.
. Form
●Structure: this poem comprises of 3 stanzas, with 6 lines in each stanza.
●Rhyme scheme: a-b-a-b
●Rhythm: iambic tetrameter
Meanings
●Stanza 1
●Byron describes a night (associated with darkness) with bright stars (light) and compares
this woman to that night. She brings together these opposites in her beauty and creates a "tender light." Not a light like the daytime, since he describes that as gaudy (showy in a vulgar way), but a light that "heaven" doesn't even honor the daytime with.
●Byron describes light and dark coming together in her appearance (or "aspect"), as in her
dark hair ("tress") and the light complexion of her face. But he also says they meet in her eyes. The eyes are often associated with a person's soul, and reveal the heart. So he is suggesting that opposites meet in her soul as well.
●Stanza 2
●Byron says that if this darkness and lightness wouldn't be in the right proportions ("One
shade the more, one ray the less"), her beauty wouldn't be completely ruined as you might expect. He says that she would only be "half impaired," and thus still half magnificent
●Stanza 3
●The poet admires the woman’s eyes, black hair, brow, cheek, coloring and smile. With
dark hair and fair face, the lady is mingling of various light and shades, comparable to the light and darkness of a night sky with stars. He praises her pure thoughts, good actions, serene mind, and innocent love.
Further implications
●Whether it is a true declaration of love or a statement of admiration (of her beauty) is left
to the reader, since it's known that this poem was about his cousin, Mrs. Wilmot, whom he met at a party in a mourning dress of spangled black.
登徒子好色赋》
--宋玉
●大夫登徒子侍於楚王，短宋玉曰：“玉为人体貌娴丽，口多微辞，又性好色，愿王
勿与出入后宫。”王以登徒子之言问宋玉。玉曰：“体貌娴丽，所受於天也；口多微辞，所学於师也。至于好色，臣无有也。”王曰：“子不好色，亦有说乎？有说则止，无说则退。”玉曰：“天下之佳人，莫若楚国；楚国之丽者，莫若臣里；臣里之美者，莫若臣东家之子。东家之子，增之一分则太长，减之一分则太短；著粉则太白，施朱则太赤。眉如翠羽，肌如白雪，腰如束素，齿如含贝。嫣然一笑，惑阳城，迷下蔡。然此女登墙窥臣三年，至今未许也。登徒子则不然。其妻蓬头挛耳，龊唇历齿，旁行踽偻，又疥且痔。登徒子悦之，使有五子。王孰察之，谁为好色者矣。”……
●Keats’ Attitudes on Poetry
●济慈是一位热爱生活、热爱艺术、追求美的诗人，常在诗歌中明显地流露出对美的
崇拜。他把诗歌堪称是自己的生命，
●“我发现没有诗—永恒的诗，我没法活下去，半天不成，整天更不成。”
●去世前，他说：“诗是我所关心，我为之活着的唯一目标。”
●济慈对美的追求主要表现在歌颂自然与艺术的诗歌中，而且在追求美的同时也进行
着对丑的斗争，批判社会、反对侵略战争、抨击反动当局。
●
●他所追求的美有两种境界：
●1、想象在艺术与自然中创造出来的一个纯美世界；
●2、表现社会生活，反映大众疾苦，赋予诗歌更深刻的内容。
●Ode on a Grecian Urn（1819）
●
●Background Information
●This poem was first published in January 1820.
●This ode is frequently treated as Keats' central poem, as a key to the unde rstanding
and appreciation of all his work, and with its reiteration of all the major themes, its richness of imagery, its superb craftsmanship, it is quite capable of filling such a role.
●《傲慢与偏见》赏析
●奥斯丁以婚姻为主题并采用讽刺、幽默的笔法细致地描绘了18世纪末19世纪初英
国乡镇中产阶级的生活景象。《傲慢与偏见》就是其中之一。作品中的句法结构和遣词造句颇有特色，主要通过对话来表现人物性格。小说中的人物各自有着不同的说话风格，具有鲜明的个性，如贝内特太太言辞虚浮夸张、大惊小怪、尖声叫嚷，显得格外俗气，她的女儿伊丽莎白则敢于挑战贵族青年达西，表现出对门第的蔑视，并在谈吐中确立起一位聪慧、机智、勇敢和可爱的女性形象。小说第1章开篇那句话：“凡是有钱的单身汉总想娶位太太，这已是举世公认的真理”值得回味，点出了作品的意图。本应成为“猎手”的有钱的单身汉却沦为女人们追逐的“猎物”。
●当贝内特太太获悉邻里新近搬来一位名叫宾利的年轻富家子弟后，再也按捺不住内
心的激动，于是与丈夫商讨如何急速拜访这位新来的邻居，希望把某个女儿嫁给他。
整个情景在这对夫妇的对话中展开，前后一问一答，把老夫妻各自的性格特征表现得淋漓尽致。小说的第58章是全书的转折点。伊丽莎白得知是达西促成了妹妹莉迪亚和韦恩的亲事后深为感激。于是她改变了对达西的态度。奥斯丁写出了两人消除误会，言归于好后的情感交会。语句结构清晰自然，富有节奏感。
●
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●
●
渣尔斯·狄更斯（Charles Dickens, 1812-1870），19世纪英国著名小说家，生于朴茨茅斯的一个小职员家庭。11岁时，由于父亲欠债，全家被关进了债务监狱。迫于家境困难，他只好当起了皮鞋油作坊的童工。苦难的经历在他幼小的心灵留下了精神创伤，不仅使他深切关怀和同情不幸儿童而且促使他为摆脱贫困而奋斗。1835年他成为一家报社的记者。记者生涯不仅锻炼了他的意志和能力，也给了他学习政治、观察生活的机会，使他这样一个出身中下层社会，又没有受过正规教育的人得以全面地了解英国社会。
●1837年狄更斯发表第一部长篇小说《匹克威克外传》（The Posthumous Papers of
Pickwick Club，1836-1837），一举成名。之后，他陆续创作了《雾都孤儿》（Oliver Twist，1838）、《老古玩店》（The Old Curiosity Shop, 1840-1841）、《董贝父子》（Dombey and Son, 1846-1848）、《大卫·科波菲尔》（David Copperfield, 1849）、《荒凉山庄》（Bleak House, 1852）、《双城记》（A Tale of Two Cities, 1854）和《远大前程》（Great Expectations, 1860）等20多部长篇小说以及许多中、短篇小说、杂文、特写和游记。狄更斯成功塑造了许多个性鲜明、形象独特的人物。他那富有社会批判意义的现实主义小说不仅使英国文坛焕然一新，而且对世界文学的发展也产生了深远的影响。
●夏洛蒂·勃朗特（Charlotte Bront?, 1916-1855）出生于约克郡的一个牧师家庭。五岁
时母亲去世，八岁时被送入寄宿学校。那里恶劣的生活条件使她的两位姐姐先后死
于肺病，于是她和妹妹艾米丽被父亲接回了家乡。在父亲的书房里，勃朗特阅读了大量书籍，并开始尝试进行文学创作。十五岁时，勃朗特再次离开家乡，到伍勒小姐办的学校读书，几年后又在这所学校任教。1836年，在她二十岁时，勃朗特决定以文学创作作为自己的职业，并写信给诗人骚塞，希望得到他的建议，却被告知文学创作并非妇女所应从事的工作。勃朗特没有灰心。她离开伍勒小姐的学校，边做家庭教师边写作。
●由于不适应家庭教师的工作，勃朗特打算自办学校，并说服姨母资助自己和艾米丽
去意大利进修法语和德语。虽然后来办学不成，但是意大利之行却激发了她表现自我、进行文学创作的强烈愿望。《简·爱》（Jane Eyre，1847）是她的成名作和代表作。
她所创作的其他作品还有《雪莉》（Shirley, 1849）、《维莱特》（Villette, 1853）、《教师》（The Professor, 1857）以及她与妹妹艾米丽和安妮的诗歌合集《柯勒、埃利斯和阿克顿·贝尔诗集》（Poems by Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell，1846）。1855年夏洛蒂·勃朗特去世，时年三十九岁。
●过沙洲
●
●夕阳坠，晚星出，
●一个呼声唤我多清楚，
●河口沙洲莫悲哭，
●当我出海去。
●
●海深邃，洋空阔，
●流水似睡静无皱，
●满潮水悠悠，
●潮来深海总须回头流，
Appreciation
●《过沙洲》写于1889年丁尼生去世前三年。诗人在去世前要他的儿子把这首诗编在
他的诗集的最后。这首诗反映了诗人对死亡所持的安详态度。由于诗人认识到死亡是人生矛盾的终结，人类灵魂的归宿，因此通篇出现从容不迫的宁静语调，因此他希望摆脱离别的凄楚。人生的有限和死后的无限形成了对比。港口的沙洲象征生命的界限，大海象征死后辽阔的境界。尽管如此，诗人对死后究竟是怎样的世界却是蒙昧无知的(“And after that the dark!”“The flood may bear me far.”)。诗中表现人死后人生的一切都消失在不可知的汪洋大海之中。
●此诗在用词与声音的选择上，充分显示了丁尼生固有的技巧。其中[ou][a:] [i:]等长
元音的轮换使用，暗喻海浪冲击沙洲不断发出的哀吟声。每节最后的短诗行暗喻生命的嘎然而止。
●评论家范?戴克(V an Dyke)说，这是一首“纯粹的诗，简洁至极，宽阔的大海、落照、
黄昏的钟声等，都能引起丰富的联想。它易于理解，音韵完美。而且他向内启发一种无以言传的真理，向前展示一种超越一切形体的影像；他给人以快乐与安慰。他是一种临终之年的歌曲，一首更宏大的永生乐章的序曲”。（译自The Poetry of Tennyson）。
●The Eagle: A Fragment (1851)
●He claps the crag with crooked hands;
●Close to the sun in lonely lands,
●Ringed with the azure world, he stands.
●
●The wrinkled sea beneath him crawls;
●He watches from his mountain walls,
●And like a thunderbolt he falls.
鹰
阿尔弗雷德·丁尼生男爵
●钢爪握崖岩,
●独立太阳边；
●岩高万籁寂,
●四外尽蓝天。
●身下海涛翻,
●只见微皱面；
●绝壁傲视久,
●忽坠如雷电。
●
●（汪榕培、杨立民等译）
Introduction
●“The Eagle: A Fragment” was first published in 1851, when it was added to the seventh
edition of Tennyson’s Poems, which had itself been published first in 1842. As with the best of the poet’s works, this short poem displays a strong musical sense; the words chosen, such as “crag,”“azure,”and “thunderbolt” not only fit the meaning of the poem but also fit the slow musical sensibility which gives the poem its thoughtful, almost worshipful, tone.
Analysis
●该诗很短,仅有短短的6行,但气势宏伟,很有节奏感,韵律优美,从仰视和俯视两个视角,
描写了动、静两个状态下的高山雄鹰,个性鲜明,极赋美感,并揭示了鹰的主要性格特点。
●诗分两节，各由3行诗体组成，3行同押一韵，两节的结尾分别点出老鹰上述两方
面的形态。诗人借助比喻语言把浪漫的激情融进现实事物的描绘之中。该诗句句都在写鸟，但似乎又别有影射；用笔简略，形象逼真。
●Analysis
●This poem is just a simple poem about an eagle. In the first stanza the eagle sits perched
up on some high mountain crag in some deserted area, and in the second stanza he suddenly swoops down in flight. That's really all there is to it as far a subject matter goes.
However, the significance of the poem is the interesting way Tennyson communicates that experience of the eagle through the poetic devices: crooked hands, ring'd with the azure world, wrinkled sea, like a thunderbolt, etc. Notice the interesting contrast between the two stanzas: in the first the eagle is sitting still, and in the second one he is in flight.
●There is nothing in this poem to suggest that Tennyson is making a religious,
philosophical, or political statement.
●Themes
● 1. a poem in memory of his friend Hallam;
● 2.a poem in praise of noble persons;
● 3.a hymn of independence and freedom;
●Form and devices:
● 1.single rhyme in each stanza—singleness and aloneness of the eagle;
●
● 2.alliteration in the first line—the hard consonant /k/ in the three words suggests hardness
of the rock and firmness of the bird;
● 3.imagery or symbolism—
●the eagle is symbolic of a noble person and free spirit;
●the wrinkled sea: the masses or ordinary people;
●the sun: truth
●
● 4.contrast between the two stanzas: motionlessness and thunderbolt-like action
●Third Generation of Romantics
●Alfred Tennyson is like Keats: sensuousness; melancholy
●Robert Browning is like Shelley: a taste for musicality
●
●T ess
●苔丝是个美丽的乡村姑娘，纯洁，善良，又有韧性且善恶分明。由于家境贫穷，给
与自己同姓的贵族德伯家打工。结果她被主人家的儿子亚历克·德伯诱奸，并生下了一个私生子。由于这个“罪过”，苔丝很受鄙视。在巨大的压力下，再加上小孩夭折，苔丝离家来到一个牛奶场工作，遇到了牧师的儿妇安吉尔·克莱尔。两人相爱并结婚。
但在新婚之夜，苔丝向他坦白了自己的过去，安吉尔竟将她抛弃，独自去了巴西。
生活困苦，备受侮辱的苔丝苦等安吉尔回来无果，无奈成为了亚历克的情妇。就在这时，安吉尔抱着忏悔的心情，来到苔丝身边想和她重新在一起。这时苔丝杀死了亚历克。在他们逃亡的途中，苔丝被警察抓到，被判了死刑。
●苔丝是一个遭受旧道德迫害的现代女性。“在世人眼里,是一个罪人,一个堕落的女人,
一个受人供养的情妇,最终又是一个杀人犯。但是在哈代看来,苔丝的一切天赋都是她最伟大的美质、她是一个纯洁的人”。她天生丽质,善良纯朴,敢于自我牺牲,富有高贵的女人气质,她意志坚强,情感热烈,是美的象征和爱的化身,既代表着传统,又融合了时代的特点,具有高度的概括性、典型性和象征性。苔丝所受的侮辱、痛苦、剥削和摧残,也就是她所代表的雇佣农民阶级在资本主义冲击下所受到的悲惨遭遇,代表着英国南部农村整个农民阶级的命运。
●Angel Clare
●安玑·克莱是资产阶级理想主义者、旧知识分子的典型。他出身于牧师家庭,温文尔
雅,文质彬彬,有着资产阶级自由思想家的思想;他蔑视社会礼教,无视世俗偏见、厌恶城市生活、清高而有幻想;他不愿接受父亲为自己选择的职业去当牧师“为上帝服务”,而要“为人类服务”,跑到乡下学习农业技术,决心以务农为业,渴望求知的自由。在当时的社会条件下,代表了进步资产阶级要求改变现状和追求自由的愿望,具有进步意义。
●T ess & Clare, Alec
●《德伯家的苔丝》所塑造的苔丝形象是一个遭受旧道德迫害的现代女性、一个全新
农业工人。苔丝对整个制度进行揭露和控诉的形象有着典型意义。小说中另外两个男性人物安玑·克莱和亚雷·德伯是资本主义文明世界的两种不同类型的代表。
●资产阶级理想主义者安玑·克莱沉迷于空幻的理想,虽然他相信科学、民主和平等的思
想,但他完全不懂得德伯家族衰败的意义,也不知道他对苔丝的态度是一种想当然的理想化了的态度,结果又倒退到传统的道德原则中去了。他对苔丝的爱带有强烈的理想化色彩,道德的偏见使他的爱情之火随时熄灭。
●'I do forgive you, but forgiveness is not all.'
●'And love me?'
●To this question he did not answer.
●And Tess, as she often does, verbalises the viewpoint Hardy is expressing through her:
●'It is in your own mind what you are angry at Angel; it is not in me.'
●So the intellectual and free-thinking Angel is the 'slave to custom and conventionality' and
the relatively ignorant Tess is the true humanist. It takes Angel a year of travelling and suffering during which 'he had mentally aged a dozen years' before he can throw off his strictly moral upbringing and realize the validity of Tess's viewpoint.
●亚雷·德伯是一个肉欲主义者和资产阶级宗教的体现者。他把苔丝看成“性欲的对象”,
其卑鄙的行为和嗜欲成性的本质说明资产阶级已腐朽透顶,灵魂是丑恶的,他是粗鄙无耻的代表。他对财富和女人有着极强的占有欲,欲望是其最大的内驱力,虚伪的宗教加剧了农民的灾难。
●By killing Alec Tess freed herself from the man who twice separated her from her lover,
and allowed herself and Angel a few days of happiness together. But in Hardy's view this kind of happiness, between two enlightened people who take upon themselves responsibility for their own moral conduct, cannot be but short-lived.
●The incongruity of modern policeman surrounding the ancient temple of Stonehenge
indicates Hardy's view that modern man is in a spiritually hopeless state, as does Tess's attitude on being captured.
●Hardy & T ess
●德伯家的苔丝》使哈代的小说创作进入到一个新的阶段,也使哈代本人也进入到一个
新的时期。实际上,苔丝的出路就在于她所走的工人阶级的道路,只有这条路才代表着农民阶级的前途和希望,这是作家哈代的历史局限性使他看不到的。然而,这部小说对于作家在他第三时期的另一部小说《无名的裘德》中开始描写一个真正的工人的形象,为描写英国社会历史发展的进程,具有里程碑的意义。
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2011年12月大学英语六级真题 Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Way to Success by commenting on Abraham Lincoln's famous remark, "Give me six hours to chop down a tree, and I will spend, the first four sharpening the axe." You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. The Way to Success 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer thequestions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Google's Plan for World's Biggest Online Library: Philanthropy Or Act of Piracy? In recent years, teams of workers dispatched by Google have been working hard to make digital copies of books. So far, Google has scanned more than 10 million titles from libraries in America and Europe - including half a million volumes held by the Bodleian in Oxford. The exact method it uses is unclear; the company does not allow outsiders to observe the process. Why is Google undertaking such a venture? Why is it even interested in all those out-of-printlibrary books, most of which have been gathering dust on forgotten shelves for decades? Thecompany claims its motives are essentially public-spirited. Its overall mission, after all, is to "organise the world's information", so it would be odd if that information did not include books. The company likes to present itself as having lofty aspirations. "This really isn't about making money. We are doing this for the good of society." As Santiago de la Mora, head of Google Books for Europe, puts it: "By making it possible to search the millions of books that exist today, we hope to expand the frontiers of human knowledge." Dan Clancy, the chief architect of Google Books, does seem genuine in his conviction that thisis primarily a philanthropic (慈善的) exercise. "Google's core business is search and find, soobviously what helps improve Google's search engine is good for Google," he says. "But we havenever built a spreadsheet (电子数据表) outlining the financial benefits of this, and I have neverhad to justify the amount I am spending to the company's founders." It is easy, talking to Clancy and his colleagues, to be swept along by their missionary passion. But Google's book-scanning project is proving controversial. Several opponents have recently emerged, ranging from rival tech giants such as Microsoft and Amazon to small bodies representing authors and publishers across the world. In broad terms, these opponents have levelled two sets of criticisms at Google. First, they have questioned whether the primary responsibility for digitally archiving the world's books should be allowed to fall to a commercial company. In a recent essay in the New
英语六级听力真题及答案 【篇一：2006-2014历年大学英语六级听力真题及答案 (完整版)】 s=txt>答案集合在全部真题之后（复合式听写中的长句无答案） 200606 1. a) she met with thomas just a few days ago. b) she can help with orientation program. c) she is not sure she can pass on the message. d) she will certainly try to contact thomas. 2. a) set the dinner table.b) change the light bulb. c) clean the dining room. d) hold the ladder for him. 3. a) he’d like a piece of pie.b) he’d like some coffee. c) he’d rather stay in the warm room. d) he’d just had dinner with his friends. 4. a) he has managed to sell a number of cars. b) he is contented with his current position. c) he might get fired. d) he has lost his job. 5. a) tony’s secretary. b) paul’s girlfriend. c) paul’s colleague. d) tony’s wife. 6. a) he was fined for running a red light. b) he was caught speeding on a fast lane. c) he had to run quickly to get the ticket.
20XX年6月大英语六级考试真题及答案解析 Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on living in the virtual world. Try to imagine what will happen when people spend more and more time in the virtual world instead of interacting in the real world. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 1. A)Project organizer B)Public relations officer. C)Marketing manager. D)Market research consultant. 2.A)Quantitative advertising research. B)Questionnaire design. C)Research methodology. D)Interviewer training. 3.A)They are intensive studies of people’s spending habits. B)They examine relations between producers and customers. C)They look for new and effective ways to promote products. D)They study trends or customer satisfaction over a long period. 4.A)The lack of promotion opportunity. B)Checking charts and tables. C)Designing questionnaires. D)The persistent intensity. Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 5.A)His view on Canadian universities. B)His understanding of higher education. C)His suggestions for improvements in higher education. D)His complaint about bureaucracy in American universities. 6.A)It is well designed. B)It is rather inflexible.
2008年12月大学英语六级考试真题 Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. 11. A) He is quite easy to recognize B) He is an outstanding speaker C) He looks like a movie star D) He looks young for his age 12. A) consult her dancing teacher B) take a more interesting class C) continue her dancing class D) improve her dancing skills 13. A) the man did not believe what the woman said B) the man accompanied the woman to the hospital C) the woman may be suffering from repetitive strain injury D) the woman may not followed the doctor’s instructions 14. A) they are not in style any more B) they have cost him far too much C) they no longer suit his eyesight D) they should be cleaned regularly 15. A) he spilled his drink onto the floor B) he has just finished wiping the floo C) he was caught in a shower on his way home D) he rushed out of the bath to answer the phone 16. A) fixing some furniture B) repairing the toy train C) reading the instructions D) assembling the bookcase 17. A) urge Jenny to spend more time on study B) help Jenny to prepare for the coming exams C) act towards Jenny in a more sensible way D) send Jenny to a volleyball training center 18. A) The building of the dam needs a large budget B) The proposed site is near the residential area C) The local people feel insecure about the dam D) The dam poses a threat to the local environment Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 19. A. It saw the end of its booming years worldwide B. Its production and sales reached record levels. C. It became popular in some foreign countries D. Its domestic market started to shrink rapidly.
正保远程教育旗下品牌网站美国纽交所上市公司(NYSE:DL) 外语教育网外语学习的网上乐园https://www.doczj.com/doc/601224249.html, 2011年12月大学英语六级真题 Part I：Writing (30 minutes) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Way to Success by commenting on Abraham Lincoln's famous remark, "Give me six hours to chop down a tree, and I will spend, the first four sharpening the axe." You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. The Way to Success 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer thequestions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Google's Plan for World's Biggest Online Library: Philanthropy Or Act of Piracy? In recent years, teams of workers dispatched by Google have been working hard to make digital copies of books. So far, Google has scanned more than 10 million titles from libraries in America and Europe - including half a million volumes held by the Bodleian in Oxford. The exact method it uses is unclear; the company does not allow outsiders to observe the process. Why is Google undertaking such a venture? Why is it even interested in all those out-of-printlibrary books, most of which have been gathering dust on forgotten shelves for decades? Thecompany claims its motives are essentially public-spirited. Its overall mission, after all, is to "organise the world's information", so it would be odd if that information did not include books. The company likes to present itself as having lofty aspirations. "This really isn't about making money. We are doing this for the good of society." As Santiago de la Mora, head of Google Books for Europe, puts it: "By making it possible to search the millions of books that exist today, we hope to expand the frontiers of human knowledge." Dan Clancy, the chief architect of Google Books, does seem genuine in his conviction that thisis primarily a philanthropic (慈善的) exercise. "Google's core business is search and find, soobviously what helps improve Google's search engine is good for Google," he says. "But we havenever built a spreadsheet (电子数据表) outlining the financial benefits of this, and I have neverhad to justify the amount I am spending to the company's founders." It is easy, talking to Clancy and his colleagues, to be swept along by their missionary passion. But Google's book-scanning project is proving controversial. Several opponents have recently emerged, ranging from rival tech giants such as Microsoft and Amazon to small bodies representing authors and publishers across the world. In broad terms, these opponents have levelled two sets of criticisms at Google. First, they have questioned whether the primary responsibility for digitally archiving the world's books should be allowed to fall to a commercial company. In a recent essay in the New YorkReview of Books, Robert Darnton, the head of Harvard University's library, argued that because such books are a common resource – the possession of us all – only public, not-for-profit bodiesshould be given the power to control them. The second related criticism is that Google's scanning of books is actually illegal. This allegation has led to Google becoming mired in (陷入) a legal battle whose scope and complexity makes the Jarndyce and Jarndyce case in Charles Dickens' Bleak House look straightforward.
2010年12月大学英语六级考试真题 Part I Writing (30 minutes) Direction: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled My Views on University Ranking. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below. 1. 目前高校排名相当盛行; 2. 对于这种做法人们看法不一; 3. 在我看来…… My Views on University Ranking . . . Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Into the Unknown The world has never seen population ageing before. Can it cope? Until the early 1990s nobody much thought about whole populations getting older. The UN had the foresight to convene a “world assembly on ageing” back in 1982, but that came and went. By 1994 the World Bank had noticed that something big was happening. In a report entitled “Averting the Old Age Crisis”, it argued that pension arrangements in most countries were unsustainable. For the next ten years a succession of books, mainly by Americans, sounded the alarm. They had titles like Young vs Old, Gray Dawn and The Coming Generational Storm, and their message was blunt: health-care systems were heading for the rocks, pensioners were taking young people to the cleaners, and soon there would be intergenerational warfare.
2019年6 月大学英语六级考试真题(第2 套) Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of mutual understanding and respect in interpersonal relationships. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. PartⅡListening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked，A)B)，C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 1. A) A six- month-long negotiation. B) Preparations for the party. C) A project with a troublesome client. D) Gift wrapping for the colleagues. 2. A) Take wedding photos. B) Advertise her company. C) Start a small business. D) Throw a celebration party. 3. A) Hesitant. B) Nervous. C) Flattered. D) Surprised. 4. A) Start her own bakery. B) Improve her baking skill. C) Share her cooking experience. D) Prepare for the wedding. Questions 5 to 8 are based on the recording you have just heard. 5. A) They have to spend more time studying. B) They have to participate in club activities. C) They have to be more responsible for what they do. D) They have to choose a specific academic discipline. 6. A) Get ready for a career. B) Make a lot of friends.
文档来源为:从网络收集整理.word版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持. 2008年12月英语六级试题 Part I writing (30 minutes) 注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and scanning) (15 minutes) Supersize surprise Ask anyone why there is an obesity epidemic and they will tell you that it’s al down to eating too much and burning too few calories. That explanation appeals to common sense and has dominated efforts to get to the root of the obesity epidemic and reverse it/ yet obesity researchers are increasingly dissatisfied with it. Many now believe that something else must have changed in our environment to precipitate(促成) such dramatic rises in obesity over the past 40 years or so. Nobody is saying that the “big two” – reduced physical activity and increased availability of food – are not important contributors to the epidemic, but they cannot explain it all. Earlier this year a review paper by 20 obesity experts set out the 7 most plausible alternative explanations for the epidemic. Here they are. 1. Not enough sleep It is widely believed that sleep is for the brain, not the body. Could a shortage of shut-eye also be helping to make us fat? Several large-scale studies suggest there may be a link. People who sleep less than 7 hours a night tend to have a higher body mass index than people who sleep more, according to data gathered by the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Similarly, the US Nurses’ Health Study, which tracked 68,000 women for 16 years, found that those who slept an average of 5 hours a night gained more weight during the study period than women who slept 6 hours, who in turn gained more than whose who slept 7. It’s well known that obesity impairs sleep, so perhaps people get fat first and sleep less afterwards. But the nurses’ study suggests that it can work in the other direction too: sleep loss may precipitate weight gain. Although getting figures is difficult, it appears that we really are sleeping less. In 1960 people in the US slept an average of 8.5 hours per night. A 2002 poll by the National Sleep Foundation
2010年12月大学英语六级真题 Part I Writing (30 minutes) Direction: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled My Views on University Ranking. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below. 1. 目前高校排名相当盛行; 2. 对于这种做法人们看法不一; 3. 在我看来…… My Views on University Ranking Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Into the Unknown The world has never seen population ageing before. Can it cope? Until the early 1990s nobody much thought about whole populations getting older. The UN had the foresight to convene a “world assembly on ageing” back in 1982, but that came and went. By 1994 the World Bank had noticed that something big was happening. In a report entitled “Averting the Old Age Crisis”, it argued that pension arrangements in most countries were unsustainable. For the next ten years a succession of books, mainly by Americans, sounded the alarm. They had titles like Young vs Old, Gray Dawn and The Coming Generational Storm, and their message was blunt: health-care systems were heading for the rocks, pensioners were taking young people to the cleaners, and soon there would be intergenerational warfare. Since then the debate has become less emotional, not least because a lot more is known about the subject. Books, conferences and research papers have multiplied. International organisations such as the OECD and the EU issue regular reports. Population ageing is on every agenda, from G8 economic conferences to NATO summits. The World Economic Forum plans to consider the future of pensions and health care at its prestigious Davos conference early next year. The media, including this newspaper, are giving the subject extensive coverage. Whether all that attention has translated into sufficient action is another question. Governments in rich countries now accept that their pension and health-care promises will soon become unaffordable, and many of them have embarked on reforms, but so far only timidly. That is not surprising: politicians with an eye on the next election will hardly rush to introduce unpopular measures that may not bear fruit for years, perhaps decades. The outline of the changes needed is clear. To avoid fiscal (财政) meltdown, public pensions and health-care provision will have to be reined back severely and taxes may have to go up. By far the most effective method to restrain pension spending is to give people the opportunity to work longer, because it increases tax revenues and reduces spending on pensions at the same time. It may even keep them alive longer. John Rother, the AARP’s head of policy and strategy, points to studies showing that other things being equal, people who remain at work have lower death rates than their retired peers. Younger people today mostly accept that they will have to work for longer and that their pensions will be less generous. Employers still need to be persuaded that older workers are worth holding on to. That may be because they have had plenty of younger ones to choose from, partly thanks to the post-war baby-boom and partly because over the past few decades many more women have entered the labour force, increasing employers’ choice. But the reservoir of women able and willing to take up paid work is running low, and the baby-boomers are going grey. In many countries immigrants have been filling such gaps in the labour force as have already emerged (and remember that the real shortage is still around ten years off). Immigration in the developed world is the highest it has ever been, and it is making a useful difference. In still-fertile America it currently accounts for about 40% of total population growth, and in fast-ageing western Europe for about 90%. On the face of it, it seems the perfect solution. Many developing countries have lots of young people in need of jobs; many rich countries need helping hands that will boost tax revenues and keep up economic growth. But over the next few decades labour forces in rich countries are set to shrink so much that inflows of immigrants would have to increase enormously to compensate: to at least twice their current size in western Europe’s most youthful countries, and three times in the older ones. Japan would need a large multiple of the few immigrants it has at present. Public opinion polls show that people in most rich countries already think that immigration is too high. Further big increases would be politically unfeasible. To tackle the problem of ageing populations at its r oot, “old” countries would have to rejuvenate (使年轻) themselves by having more of their own children. A number of them have tried, some more successfully than others. But it is not a simple matter of offering financial incentives or providing more child care. Modern urban life in rich countries is not well adapted to large families. Women find it hard to combine family and career. They often compromise by having just one child. And if fertility in ageing countries does not pick up? It will not be the end of the world, at least not for quite a while yet, but the world will slowly become a different place. Older societies may be less innovative and more strongly disinclined to take risks than younger ones. By 2025 at the latest, about half the voters in America and most of those in western European countries will be over 50—and older people turn out to vote in much greater number than younger ones. Academic studies have found no evidence so far that older voters have used their power at the ballot box to push for policies that specifically benefit them, though if in future there are many more of them they might start doing so. Nor is there any sign of the intergenerational warfare predicted in the 1990s. After all, older people themselves mostly have families. In a recent study of parents and grown-up children in 11 European countries, Karsten Hank of Mannheim University found that 85% of them lived within 25km of each other and the majority of them were in touch at least once a week. Even so, the shift in the centre of gravity to older age groups is bound to have a profound effect on societies, not just economically and politically but in all sorts of other ways too. Richard Jackson and Neil Howe of America’s CSIS, in a thoughtful book called The Graying of the Great Powers, argue that, among other things, the ageing of the developed countries [C] hardly halt the growth of population [D] help tide over the current ageing crisis [C] The younger generation will beat the old. [D] Old people should give way to the young.