初中英语教学辅导讲义
Step 1 Homework Checking
●作业讲评；
●词汇短语听写：单词得分短语得分●上节课知识点回顾。
Step 2 Warming-up
●经典广告（二）
Step 3 Phonetic Symbols
语音基础小练习：
选出下列每组单词中音节数目与其他三项不同的一项。
( ) 1. A. bottom B. reply C. continue D. return ( ) 2. A. test B. fat C. fridge D. journey ( ) 3. A. major B. enjoy C. tidy D. oxygen ( ) 4. A. remember B. perfect C. potato D. furniture ( ) 5. A. favourite B. harmful C. produce D. airport
Step 4 Language Learning
Unit Six Electricity
单词归纳
【单词重点讲解】
1. electricity n. 电
e.g. Can you get me a packet of electricity? 你能给我一包电吗？
【解析】
（1）electricity 意思是“电”，常常用作不可数名词
（2）这个单词共有五个音节：e-lec-tri-ci-ty
e.g. We use electricity to run machines. 我们使用电力来运行机器。
We need electricity all day long. 我们整天都需要电。
【拓展】
electric adj. 导电的；电动的；电的
electrical adj. 与电有关的；用电的；电的
【典型例题】
( ) I don’t want to live in a village without .
A. electric
B. electrical
C. electricity
D. electricities
2. anyone pron. 任何人
e.g. Does anyone want anything? 有人要（买）什么东西吗？
【解析】
（1）anyone 意思是“任何人”；anything 意思是“任何东西”，它们都是不定代词，为单数。（2）常常用在一般疑问句和否定句中。
e.g. He didn’t tell anyone about his address. 他没有把他的地址告诉任何人。
Does he want anything to eat? 他想吃什么东西吗？
【拓展提高】
其他不定代词有：
【典型例题】
( ) 1. I’m hungry. I want __________ to eat. 【中考真题】
A. anything
B. something
C. everything
D. nothing ( ) 2. ___________is too difficult if you put your effort into it. 【中考真题】
A. Anything
B. Something
C. Nothing
D. Everything ( ) 3. ---The story is so amazing! It’s the most interesting story I’ve ever read.【中考真题】---But I’m afraid it won’t be liked by___________.
A. everybody
B. somebody
C. anybody
D. nobody ( ) 4. Julie enjoys listening to music very much. 【中考真题】
She often says to me that_________ is more interesting than music.
A. nothing
B. something
C. everything
D. anything ( ) 5. ---Is your sister ill? 【中考真题】
---Yes, but __________, only a little cold.
A. serious anything
B. nothing serious
C. serious nothing
D. anything serious
3. moment n. 瞬间；片刻
e.g. I’d like to talk to you for a moment. 我想和你谈谈。
【拓展】
与moment 相关的短语：
a moment ago 刚刚;刚才at the moment 现在;此刻
wait a moment 等一会儿at the moment 此时此刻
for the moment 暂时in a moment 过一会儿
at any moment 任何时刻
4. battery n. 电池
e.g. The chemicals inside batteries produce electricity. 电池里面的化学物质产生电。【注意】
battery 意思是“电池”，是可数名词，复数形式为batteries。
e.g. The calculator needs a new battery. 计算机需换新电池。
5. cooker n. 厨灶，炉具
【短语】
rice cooker 电饭煲
【拓展】
cook v.烹调；n.厨师
e.g. A cook is cooking some rice with the cooker now.
一个厨师正在用炊具煮米饭。
6. fridge n. 冰箱（它也称为refrigerator）
e.g. Help yourself to the food in the fridge. 请随便吃冰箱里的食物。
短语归纳
【短语句型重点讲解】
1. She can’t buy electricity in packets like sweets. 她不能买像糖果一样包好的电。【短语】
in packets 意思是“装在包里的……”。类似词组：a packet of…(一包……)
e.g. Children will get money in red packets as a new year’s gift.
孩子们会得到装在红包里的压岁钱作为新年礼物。
【典型例题】
翻译：
1. 你能帮我买三包盐吗？
2. 我能买到包装的电。
2. It flows through wires. It’s like water, in a way.
它（电）流过电线。在某种程度上，它就像水。
【解析】
（1）through 意思是“穿过”，是一个介词，常常指在物体的内部穿过。
e.g. The Changjiang River flows through China. 长江流过中国。
It’s dangerous for you to walk through the forest alone. 你独自穿过森林是危险的。（2）in a way 意思是“在某种程度上”。
e.g. In a way, I agree with you. 在某种程度上，我同意你的看法。
【拓展】
by the way 顺便说说on one’s way to 在某人去……的路上
in this way 以这种方式；in the way 在路上；挡道
3. These are connected to cables under the street. 他们（电线）被连接到地下电缆。
【短语】
be connected to 意思是“被连接到……”
e.g. On the new network, all telephones will be connected to other countries.
在新网路上，所有的电话都将连到别的国家。
【拓展】
connect sth. to/with… 把……和……连接起来
4. We use a lot of electrical appliances in our homes every day.
我们每天在家里使用很多电器。
【短语】
electrical appliance 意思是“电器”。
electrical 是形容词（e-lec-tri-cal）。
e.g. Can people in modern times live without electrical appliance?
现代人没有电器能生活吗？
The hairdryer is one of the small electrical appliances.
电吹风是小家电产品之一。
5. Keep the outside of the pot dry. 保持锅外部干燥。
【解析】
keep sb./sth adj. 意思是“保持（某人/某物）怎样”，此处的形容词用于修饰sb./sth.
e.g. We must keep our classroom clean every day. 每天我们必须保持课室干净。
【拓展】
(1) keep + sb. / sth. + 形容词意为“让某人/某物保持某种状态”。
(2) keep doing sth. 连续不断地做某事，一直做。强调不断重复的动作。
(3) keep sb./ sth. doing sth. 让某人不断地做某事
(4) keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
e.g. We must keep them from getting to know our plans. 我们必须防止他们知道我们的计划。【典型例题】
( ) 1. Do you know how to keep yourself _____ when you are in danger?
A. safely
B. safety
C. safe
D. save
2. 我们必须阻止人们伐树。
3. 我爸爸一直工作到半夜。
【课堂基础练习】
一、根据句意及所给的首字母提示写出所缺单词，并注意其形式。
1. When you read books in the library, you must obey the r_________.
2. Is a_________ worried about the English exam?
3. You shouldn’t make such a f_________ mistake.
4. The little boy went to bed. A m_________ later, he fell asleep.
5. The girl is shy. She can’t start a c_________ with strangers easily.
6. The scientists says we can use wind to produce e_________.
7. If you can’t eat all the meat, you can put it in the f_________.
8. Don’t t_________ the hot iron, or it will hurt your hand.
9. My toy car doesn’t run because the b_________ is used up.
10. I want to t_________ your IQ by answering these questions.
二、根据中文意思，完成下列句子。
1. 妈妈买了一袋苹果和一箱牛奶。
Mum bought _________ ________ _________ apples and a box of milk. 2. 这条电线与电视机相连。
The wire _________ _________ _________ the TV.
3. 我的姐姐正在整理她的房间。
My sister is _________ _________ her bedroom.
4. 你发完邮件后别忘记关电脑。
Don’t forget to _________ _________ the computer after you send the email.
5. 请确认每个学生都在教室里。
Please _________ _________ every student is in the classroom.
6. 在某种程度上，长假期有时会令人感到无聊。
_________ _________ _________, long holidays are sometimes boring. 三、从方框中选择适当的短语填空，并注意其形式。
1. We should ____________ the electricity. It’s dangerous.
2. In hot summer, most families use ____________ to help them sleep well.
3. Will you ____________ your photos ____________ me?
4. She was ill but she didn’t want to ____________.
5. Please ____________ the computer. I need to type some letters.
6. Don’t ____________ at midnight. It’s not safe.
7. Nobody washes clothes at my home, but the ____________ does the work.
【语法归纳】
情态动词
can, may和must
【定义】
1、情态动词是一类用于表示说话人的语气和情态的助动词。
2、常表示命令、请求、拒绝、义务、可能、需要等。
【专题精讲】
一、can/could；can’t/couldn’t (否定)
1) 表示能力, 意为“能、会”
如：I can speak a little English.
I can’t swim.
--- Can you ride a bike? --- Yes, I can. / No, I can’t.
2) 表示请求或允许，多用于口语中，意为“可以、能”等
如：You can go home now.
You can’t stop your car here.
--- Can I borrow your bike? --- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.
3) 用于否定句、疑问句中，表示猜测、怀疑或不肯定.
如：Lucy can’t be at home now, sh e went to the park just now.
Where can it be? I can’t find my football.
【技能必备】
1）could 是can的过去式, 有两种用法：
一种表示过去式；
一种用来表达更加客气, 委婉的语气, 时态性不强, 可用于过去，现在。2）be able to 意为“有能力，能够做...”,
相当于can/could, 但它有人称，数和时态的变化。
二、may; may not (否定)
1) 表示“请求，许可”，此时与can 同义，可以互换使用
如：---May I borrow your bike? --- Yes, you may. / No, you may not.
---Can I borrow your bike? --- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.
2) may/might表示不太肯定的猜测，意为“有可能”
如：Lucy may come to school late today.
It might rain today.
【技能必备】
might 是may 的过去式, 有两种用法：
一种表示过去式；
一种表示更加委婉, 客气的语气或对可能性的怀疑。
三、must; mustn’t (否定)
1) must (“必须”, 表示命令)，mustn’t(“一定不能”, 表示强烈禁止…)
如：You must go to bed before 22:00pm.
You mustn’t play with fire. It’s dangerous!
---Must I write down the sentences？
---No, you needn’t. (---No, you don’t have to.)
【技能必备】
在回答must的疑问句中，否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to表示“不必”，不用mustn’t
2) must 还可以表示非常肯定的猜测，意为“一定”
如：The girl in a red skirt must be Lucy.
3) must/ have to 的区别：
①. must表示必须，强调主观上的愿望；
have to表示“不得不”，强调客观需要
如：You must go be bed before 22:00 p.m..
My bike is broken, so I have to go to school on foot.
②. have to 有人称、数、时态的变化；must则没有。
如：I have to clean the classroom today.
She has to finish her homework first.
It was late, he had to go to school without breakfast.
【要点归纳】
1、情态动词无人称和数的变化,
2、情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 "not"。
3、个别情态动词有过去式, 过去式用来表达更客气, 委婉的语气, 时态性不强,
可用于过去，现在。
【课堂练习】
一、单项选择。
( ) 1. Annie is good at singing. She ______ sing many English songs.
A. may
B. can
C. need
D. must
( ) 2. --- ______ I sit here? --- Sorry, you can’t.
A. Need
B. Must
C. May
D. Do
( ) 3. --- Must I get there at 6:30 in the morning? --- No, you ______.
A. mustn’t
B. needn’t
C. can’t
D. don’t
( ) 4. Everyone ______ pick the flowers in the park. It’s a rule.
A. may not
B. mustn’t
C. needn’t
D. can
( ) 5. --- ______ I use your telephone? --- Sure. Here you are.
A. May
B. Must
C. Need
D. Should
( ) 6. Our boss said we ______ finish the project before March 1st. Let’s hurry.
A. must
B. need
C. may
D. can
( ) 7. Jack is cleverer than me. He ______ know the answer.
A. doesn’t
B. can’t
C. need
D. may
( ) 8. --- Can I watch TV now?
--- No, you ______. It’s 10 o’clock. You ______ go to bed.
A. can’t, can
B. can’t, must
C. may not, can
D. needn’t, must ( ) 9. It’s dangerous to play in the busy streets. So you ______ play football there.
A. may not
B. needn’t
C. not can
D. mustn’t
( ) 10. Let’s take the picture away. Grandpa ______ like it.
A. can’t
B. mustn’t
C. may not
D. needn’t
二、按要求转换下列句子。
1. We can jump 200 times in one minute.（改为否定句）
______________________________________________________________
2. He must clean all the dishes by himself.（改为一般疑问句并做肯定和否定回答）
______________________________________________________________
三、情景反应
根据实际情况回答问题。
1. What must we do before changing the bulb?
___________________________________________________________
2. When you see somebody smoking in the library, what would you say to him?
___________________________________________________________
3. Where can you put the meat to keep it fresh?
___________________________________________________________
4. What must we do when the air conditioner is on?
___________________________________________________________
5. Can we switch the rice cooker on if the pot is empty?
___________________________________________________________
阅读完型训练
语法选择
We were going to have a test today. It would show if we were __1__ to get in an honours class next year. But, I didn’t think it was hard for me. It was the maths part-----my favourite.
We took the test __2__ computer. There __3__ 52 questions for us to do in one hour. The boy behind me _4__ nervous. The girl on my left was nervous, __5__. But when I began __6__ the questions, I saw the whole thing __7__ a game. I tried to __8__ easy ways to do the maths problems. At the end of the test, my score was 307. But what did it mean? I had __9__ idea. I asked my friend John. He got 227. When he knew my score, he said, “Oh my God. You’re a talent!” So, I asked _ 10__ people, and got the same answers.
( ) 1. A. enough smart B. too smart C. smart enough D. very smart
( ) 2. A. by B. at C. for D. to
( ) 3. A. was B. had C. were D. have
( ) 4. A. was looking B. looked C. looks D. was looked
( ) 5. A. either B. also C. yet D. too
( ) 6. A. answering B. answered C. answer D. answers
( ) 7. A. for B. like C. to D. as
( ) 8. A. look B. find out C. find D. search
( ) 9. A. some B. no C. not D. any
( ) 10. A. other B. another C. the other D. others
完型填空
On Christmas Eve a few days ago, an English couple, the Hardens, got a very special call. It was only a 20-second call but it was very __1__. The Hardens’ 15-year-old daughter has gone __2__ six months before. On Christmas Eve she rang them. “I’m phoning to wish you a happy Christmas,”she said, “I love you.” Ronals and Edwine Harden were so __3__ that they started a special telephone service （服务）called “Alive and Well”. The service helps __4__ to get in touch with children who have run away from home.
Young people can phone “Alive and Well” and leave a message for their parents. The telephones are answered by answering machines. So __5__ can speak to the child or make him return home. Parents of runaway children who are __6__ eighteen can ask the police to bring their children home. So children do not want to tell their parents where they are. Through “Alive and Well” they can telephone their parents and they do not __7__ about this or give out their addresses.
The Hardens and their helpers __8__ the telephone messages and connect（联系）the addresses given. About 30,000 British teenagers have left home and many of them are probably in __9__. For only two pence（便士）they can go into a telephone coin box and call their parents. They can dial 5675339 and __10__ a parent worrying: Is he dead or alive?
( ) 1. A. interesting B. important C. difficult D. exciting
( ) 2. A. away B. out C. back D. along
( ) 3. A. angry B. happy C. sad D. kind
( ) 4. A. teachers B. people C. parents D. friends
( ) 5. A. someone B. anyone C. everyone D. no one
( ) 6. A. at B. above C. over D. under
( ) 7. A. think B. worry C. talk D. hear
( ) 8. A. ask for B. listen to C. look up D. write down
( ) 9. A. Pairs B. Tokyo C. London D. New York
( ) 10. A. stop B. make C. feel D. leave Homework:
☆温习本堂课所学知识；
☆词汇短语听写，下节课检查；
☆巩固练习：
一、找出下列单词中音节数量与其他不同的单词。
16. A. supermarket B. computer C. delicious D. battery
17. A. and B. across C. air D. act
18. A. beauty B. question C. travel D. direction
19. A. surprise B. chemical C. wonderful D. newspaper
20. A. beginning B. modern C. pencil D. ago
二、单项选择
21.Helen _____ go on the trip with us, but she isn’t quite sure yet.
A. shall
B. must
C. may
D. Can
22.Johnny, you _____ play with the knife, you _____ hurt yourself.
A. won’t; can’t
B. mustn’t; may
C. shouldn’t; must
D. can’t; shouldn’t.
23.---I think he is taking an active part in the social work.
---I agree with you _____.
A. in a way
B. on the way
C. by the way
D. in the way
24.I must _____ off the TV when we don’t watch it.
A. turned
B. turns
C. turning
D. turn
25.I _____ back in two weeks.
A. come
B. came
C. has come
D. will come
26.The door is locked. Let’s try to get into the room _____ the window.
A. through
B. across
C. pass
D. past
27.Most people looked _____ after working for a long time.
A. tiring
B. tire
C. tiredly
D. tired
28.A moment _____ , my father came in with some presents.
A. ago
B. later
C. after
D. before
29.--- _____ I speak to Mary? --- Speaking.
A. Must
B. Need
C. May
D. Shall
30.--- Mum, may I watch TV now?
--- Sure, but you _____ help me with my housework first.
A. can
B. may
C. could
D. must
三、阅读理解。
People sometimes like to read stories of dogs very much. They think that dogs are much cleverer than cats, sheep, cows or other animals in their homes.
One of my close friends, Bob, has a very large police dog named Jack. Every Sunday afternoon, Bob and Jack have a walk in the park nearby. Jack likes these walks very much. One Sunday afternoon, I paid a visit to my friend. I stayed there for a long time and my friend and I had much more talk with each other than ever before. Soon it was time for them to take a walk in the park. We forgot that. Jack became worried about it. He walked around the room several times and then sat down in front of me and looked at me. But I still paid no attention (注意) to him. I went on talking with my friend. At last, Jack could not wait any longer. He went out of the room and came back a few minutes later. He sat down in front of me again. But this time, he held my hat in his mouth. Suddenly, I understood what Jack meant and so did my friend.
( ) 31. How many people are there in this story?______.
A. One
B. Two
C. Three
D. Four
( ) 32. Which of the following is TRUE about Jack?
A. Jack is a close friend of mine.
B. Jack enjoys walks in the park every Sunday afternoon.
C. Jack has many close friends.
D. Jack enjoys talks in the room
( ) 33. Jack was worried because______.
A. he wanted to eat something
B. it was Sunday afternoon again
C. he was not feeling well
D. he wanted his master (主人) to take him for a walk ( ) 34. Jack took my hat in his mouth to show that______.
A. I should leave the house at once
B. he liked my hat very much
C. he was hungry and he tried to eat it
D. he wanted to have a rest
( ) 35. Which of the following is true?______.
A. When Jack and I were talking, my friend didn't pay any attention to us .
B. When I was talking to my friend, Jack didn't pay any attention to us.
C. When my friend and I were talking, we didn't pay any attention to Jack.
D. When my friend was talking to Jack, I paid attention to them.
八年级下册英语单词表 Uint1第一单元词组 1. will v.将；会；要 2. robot n.机器人 3. everything pron.每件事物 4. paper n.纸;纸张 5. use v.使用;利用 6. fewer adj.(few的比较级)较少的;较 少数 7. less adj.(little的比较级)较少;较小 8. pollution n.污染 9. tree n.树;树木 10. building n.建筑物;房屋 11. astronaut n.宇航员，航天员 12. rocket n.火箭 13. space n.空间;太空 14. space station 空间站 15. fly v.飞行 16. took v.（take的过去式） 17. moon n.月亮;月球 18. fall v.落下;跌落;变为 19. fell v.(fall的过去式) 20. fall in love with 爱上 21. parrot n.鹦鹉 22. alone adv.单独地;孤独地 23. pet n.宠物 24. probably adv.大概;或许 25. suit n.一套衣服 26. able adj.能;能够 27. be able to 能够……；得以…… 28. dress v.穿衣 29. casually adv.非正式地；随意地 30. which pron.哪个;哪几个 31. even adv.甚至32. The World Cup 世界杯 33. wrote v.(write的过去式) 34. myself pron.(反身代词)我自己;我 本人 35. interview n.面试;面谈 36. predict v.预报；预言 37. future n.将来;未来 38. prediction n.预言；预测 39. came v.(come的过去式) 40. come true 实现；达到 41. Sound n.声音 42. Company n.公司 43. Thought v.(think的过去式) 44. Fiction n.小说 45. unpleasant adj.使人不愉快的 46. scientist n.科学家 47. in the future 未来;将来 48. hundreds of 大量;许多 49. already adv.早已;已经 50. made v.(make的过去式) 51. factory n.工厂 52. simple adj.简单的;简易的 53. such adj.这样的;这种 54. bored adj.厌烦的；厌倦的 55. everywhere adv.各地;到处 56. human n.人;人类 57. shape n.外形;形状 58. huge n.巨大的;极大的 59. earthquake n.地震 60. snake n.蛇 61. possible adj.可能的 62. electric adj.电的;导电的 63. toothbrush n.牙刷 64. seem v.像是;似乎
Unit 1 Can you play the guitar? guitar [ɡ?'tɑ:(r)] n. 吉他 sing [s??] v. 唱；唱歌 swim [sw?m] v. & n. 游泳 dance [dɑ?ns], [d?ns] v. 跳舞n. 舞蹈 draw [dr??] v. 画 chess [t?es] n. 国际象棋 play chess 下国际象棋 speak [spi?k] v. 说（某种语言）；说话speak English 说英语 join [d???n] v. 参加；加入 club [kl?b] n. 俱乐部；社团 be good at…擅长于…… tell [tel ] v. 讲述；告诉 story ['st??r?] n. 故事；小说 write [ra?t] v. 写作；写字 show [???] n. 演出；节目v. 给……看；展示； or [??(r)] conj. 或者；也不（用于否定句） talk [t??k] v. & n. 说话；交谈 talk to …跟……说 kungfu [,k??’fu?] n.（中国）功夫drum [dr?m] n. 鼓 play the drums 敲鼓 piano [p?'?n??] n. 钢琴 play the piano 弹钢琴 violin [,va??'l?n] n. 小提琴 play the violin 拉小提琴 also ['??ls??] adv. 也；而且 people ['pi?pl] n. 人；人们 home [h??m] n. 家；活动本部adv. 到家；在家 be good with…善于应付……的；对……有办法 make [me?k] v. 使成为；制造 make friends 结交朋友 today [t?'de?] adv. 在今天 help (sb) with sth 在某方面帮助（某人）center ['sent?(r)] n.（=centre）中心；中央weekend [,wi?k'end], [ 'wi?kend] n. 周末 on the weekend (在)周末 teach [ti?t?] v教；讲授 musician [mju?'z??n] n. 音乐家 Lisa ['li:z?] 莉萨（女名） Jill [d??l] 吉尔（女名） Peter ['pi?t?(r)] 彼得（男名） Unit 2 What time do you go to school? up [?p] adv. 向上 get up 起床；站起 dress [dres] v. 穿衣服n. 连衣裙 get dressed 穿上衣服 brush [br??] v. 刷刷净n.刷子 tooth [tu?θ] n. (pl. teeth [ti?θ] ) 牙齿shower ['?a??] n. & v. 淋浴n. 淋浴器（间）take a shower 洗淋浴 usually ['ju:?u?li] adv. 通常地；一般地forty ['f?:(r)ti] num. 四十 wow [wa?] interj.（表示惊奇或敬佩）哇；呀 never ['nev?(r)] adv. 从不；绝不 early ['??l?] adv. & adj. 早（的） fifty ['f?ft?] num. 五十 job [d??b], [d?ɑ?b] n.工作；职业work [w??k] v. & n. 工作 station ['ste??n] n. 电(视)台；车站 radio station 广播电台 o'clock [?'kl?k], [?'klɑ:k] adv.（表示整点）……点钟 night [na?t] n. 晚上；夜晚 funny ['f?n?] adj. 奇怪的；滑稽好笑的exercise ['eks?sa?z] v. & n. 锻炼；练习 on weekends (在)周末 best [best] adj. 最好的adv. 最好地；最 group [gru?p] n. 组；群 half [hɑ?f], [h?f] n. & pron. 一半；半数past [pɑ?st], [p?st] prep. 晚于；过（时间）adj. 过去的 quarter ['kw??(r)t?(r)] n.一刻钟；四分之一
23.Breathing must be from s______. 24.It was the simplest of things, and yet m_____ everything to me. 25.The pressure of steam in the engine is c______ by this button. 26.War brings d____ and famine. 27.Her f______ were harmed by his words. 28.You can live better here than in most other c_______. 29.Several Western scientists who have c______ out research in the region agree with the findings. 30.His voice is r_____ but still I could not hear him. 31.Every step of the j_____, I learned something new about the world and myself. 32.He took s_____ books off the shelf. 33.Everyone wants to get s_______ out of his or her job. 34.The crowd burst forth into loud c_____ at the singer. 35.He jumped with j____ when he heard the good news. 36.It was this s_____ that pulled us through the darkest moments of the war. 37.The doctor dedicated his time to curing the s_____ of the country. 38.They leave their daughter a_____ in the house on weekdays. 39.If not, maybe you should consider c______ your idea. 40.His uncle was d______ in the war, he lost his left arm. 41.But this time my dear niece, before you make d_____, please think over what I said. 42.So nature is very c______, the way that it deals with these rather difficult problems.
第二学期期末考试 初一语文 （满分100分，完卷时间100分钟）2016.6 考生注意： 1．本试卷共25题。 2．请将所有答案做在答题纸的指定位置上，做在试卷上一律不计分。 第一部分积累与运用（16分） 一、默写（10分） 1．胜败兵家事不期，。（《题乌江亭》） 2．，西北望，射天狼。（《江城子·密州出猎》） 3．衣带渐宽终不悔，。（《蝶恋花》） 4．，草色入帘青。（《陋室铭》） 5．《曹刿论战》中表现齐师士气由强转弱的句子是：, ，。 二、基础知识（2分） 6．下列作品中有“桑丘”这个人物的一项是。（1分） A.《鲁滨孙漂流记》 B．《格列佛游记》 C．《汤姆·索亚历险记》 D．《堂吉诃德》 7. 下列对“语言”的词义理解得正确的一项是。（1分） 这样看来，花香鸟语，草长莺飞，都是大自然的语言 ．．。 A. 说话 B．符号 C．信息 D．判断 三、阅读下面的词，完成第8--9题.（4分） 浣溪沙[宋]苏轼 簌簌衣巾落枣花，村南村北响缫车，牛衣古柳卖黄瓜。酒困路长惟欲睡，日高人渴漫思茶，敲门试问野人家。 浣溪沙[宋]晏殊 一曲新词酒一杯，去年天气旧亭台，夕阳西下几时回？无可奈何花落去，似曾相识燕归来。小园香径独徘徊。 8．苏词表达了之情，而晏词表达的是之情。（2分） 9．下面对两首词理解正确的一项是。（2分） A．都以“浣溪沙”为词牌名。 B．都描摹了夏天的景象。
C. 都写到了“酒”后的感概。 D．都是被贬谪失意之作。 第二部分阅读（44分） 一、文言文（12分） （一）阅读下文，完成10—12题。（6分） 公输 公输盘为楚造云梯之械，成，将以攻宋。子墨子闻之，起于鲁，行十日十夜，而至于郢，见公输盘。 公输盘曰：“夫子何命焉为？” 子墨子曰：“北方有侮臣者，愿借子杀之。”公输盘不说。 子墨子曰：“请献千金。” 公输盘曰：“吾义固不杀人。” 子墨子起，再拜，曰：“请说之。吾从北方闻子为梯，将以攻宋。宋何罪之有？荆国有余于地，而不足于民，杀所不足而争所有余，不可谓智；宋无罪而攻之，不可谓仁；知而不争，不可谓忠；争而不得，不可谓强；义不杀少而杀众，不可谓知类。” 公输盘服。 10．选文出自墨家经典著作《》，“公输盘”传说是（人名）。（2分） 11．用现代汉语翻译下面的句子。（2分） 夫子何命焉为？ 12．墨子先诱导公输盘说出“”，再从“不智、不仁、不忠、不强、不知类”来论述的观点。（2分） （二）阅读下文，完成13—15题。（6分） 为者常成 梁丘据谓晏子曰：“吾至死不及夫子矣！”晏子曰：“婴闻之，为者常成，行者常至。婴非有异于人也，常为而不置，常行而不休而已矣。” 【注释】梁丘据：齐国大夫，齐景公的大臣。 13．解释下列句中加点词。（2分）
新人教版八年级下册英语单词表(人教版八年 级英语下册) Uint1第一单元词组和短语 1. will v.将；会；要 2. robot n.机器人 3. everything pron.每件事物 4. paper n.纸;纸张 5. use v.使用;利用 6. fewer adj.(few的比较级)较少的;较少数 7. less adj.(little的比较级)较少;较小 8. pollution n.污染 9. tree n.树;树木 10. building n.建筑物;房屋 11. astronaut n.宇航员，航天员 12. rocket n.火箭
13. space n.空间;太空 14. space station 空间站 15. fly v.飞行 16. took v.（take的过去式） 17. moon n.月亮;月球 18. fall v.落下;跌落;变为 19. fell v.(fall的过去式) 20. fall in love with 爱上 21. parrot n.鹦鹉 22. alone adv.单独地;孤独地 23. pet n.宠物 24. probably adv.大概;或许 25. suit n.一套衣服 26. able adj.能;能够
27. be able to 能够……；得以…… 28. dress v.穿衣 29. casually adv.非正式地；随意地 30. which pron.哪个;哪几个 31. even adv.甚至 32. The World Cup 世界杯 33. wrote v.(write的过去式) 34. myself pron.(反身代词)我自己;我本人 35. interview n.面试;面谈 36. predict v.预报；预言 37. future n.将来;未来 38. prediction n.预言；预测 39. came v.(come的过去式) 40. come true 实现；达到
新人教版七年级下册英语课本单词表：1-4单元Unit 1 Can you play the guitar? guitar n.吉他 sing v.唱；唱歌swim v.游泳dance v.跳舞;舞 蹈draw v.画chess n.国际象棋play chess 下 国际象棋speak v.说;说话speak En glish 说英 语join v. 参加;加入club n.俱乐部;社团be good at … 擅长于...... tell v. n 讲述;告诉story n 故事;小说write v. 写 作,写字show n.演出;表演v.展示； or conj.或 者talk v. n 说话;谈话talk to …跟说 kungfu n.（中国）功夫drum n.鼓play the drums 敲鼓piano n.钢琴play the pia no 弹钢琴violin n. 小提琴play the violin 拉小提琴 also adv 也;而且people n 人;人们home n家, 活动本部.adv到家；在家be good with … 善于 应付 ...................... 的;对 有办法make v.使成为；制造make frie nds 结交朋友 today adv. 在今天help （sb） with sth 在某方 面帮助（某人） center n（=centre）中心,中央 weekend. n.周末on the weekend.（在）周末 teach v 教,讲授musician n.音乐家 Lisa莉萨（女名） Jill 吉尔（女名） Peter彼 得（男名） Unit2 What time do you go to school up adv 向 上get up 起床;站起dress v.穿衣服n.连衣裙 get dressed 穿上衣服brush v.刷刷净n.刷子 tooth n.（pl. teeth）牙齿shower n.v淋浴;淋 浴器（间） take a shower 洗淋浴usually adv.
新人教八年级下册单词拼写练习（50题） 1. Although the girl is only four, she can dress h_________ up. 2. The Caspian Sea is the d__________ of all the salt lakes in the world. 3. Franklin was so thirsty that he drank the w__________ bottle of water. 4. The westerners use k__________ and forks to have dinner. 5. The word “a___________” means people who are over 18 years old. 6. I am not sure w__________ to take a walk or not. 7. The old man lives a_________ in the countryside. His children visit him once a week. 8. There are no other reasons. I work as a teacher s_________ because I love kids so much. 9. We have c__________ this problem over and over again before making the final decision. 10. The thief ran away quickly as soon as he saw two policemen coming t__________ him. 11. The bridge is w___________enough for trucks to pass. 12. Chinese government is trying to work out laws on panda p___________. 13. Love me,love my dog.If you love any one,you will like all that b___________to him. 14. As she was pressed for time, she had a quick breakfast and h___________ to the airport. 15. Don’t stand a__________ the leaning wall! It’s dangerous. 16. To tell you the t__________, I was afraid to see my math teacher Mr. Young. 17. Peter c__________ with his pen pal through emails every week last summer. 18. Alice felt really n_________ because the interview was quite important for her. 19. The project of China’s first cargo spaceship, Tianzhou-1, turned out to be a great s_________. 20. Jason often fell ill and missed many classes. As a result, his grades d_________. 21. W_________ happens, we can always depend on him.
2014学年第二学期期中考试试卷七年级语文学科 （满分100分，考试时间90分钟） 一、文言文（25分） （一）默写（10分） 1．枕中云气千峰近，。 (《宿甘露寺僧舍》) 2. ，菊残犹有傲霜枝。 (《赠刘景文》) 3．，莫言迁客似沙沉。 (《浪淘沙（其八）》) 4．中庭地白树栖鸦，。 (《十五夜望月寄杜郎中》) 5．香远益清，，可远观而不可亵玩焉。 (《爱莲说》) （二）阅读下文，完成6—8题（7分） 陋室铭 山不在高，有仙则名。水不在深，有龙则灵。斯是陋室，惟吾德馨。苔痕上阶绿，草色入帘青。谈笑有鸿儒，往来无白丁。可以调素琴，阅金经。无丝竹之乱耳，无案牍之劳形。南阳诸葛庐，西蜀子云亭。孔子云：何陋之有? 6.本篇的作者是唐朝文学家、哲学家（人名），“子云亭”中“子云”指的是西汉文学家（人名）。（2分） 7.用现代汉语翻译文中划线句（2分） 苔痕上．阶绿，草色入．帘青。 8.下面对选文内容和写法分析理解不正确 ．．．的一项是（）（3分） A．本文托物言志，以陋室不陋，表达了作者对高洁情操的追求。 B．选文在描写“陋室”时，重点突出了“陋室”环境之清幽宁静和室内主人生活情趣之高雅。 C．文中的“无丝竹之乱耳，无案牍之劳形”表明了作者对官场生活的鄙弃。 D．作者在结尾处引用孔子的话，意在表明只要环境清幽宁静，生活闲适，“陋室”就不陋。（三）阅读下文，完成9—11题（8分） 田子为相 田子①为相，三年归休②，得金百镒③，奉其母。母曰：“子安得此金？”对曰：“所受俸禄也。”母曰：“为相三年，不食乎？治官如此，非吾所欲也。孝子之事亲也，尽力致诚。不义之物，不入于馆④。为人臣不忠，是为人子不孝也！子其去之。”田子愧惭，走出，造朝还金，退请就狱。王贤其母，说．其义，即舍田子罪，令复为相，以金赐其母。《诗》曰：“宜尔子孙承承兮。”言贤母使子贤也。 注释：①田子：指齐国田稷子。②归休：休假回家。③镒yì：古代重量单位。一镒合二十两。④馆：房舍，这里指"家"。 9.解释下列句中加点词。（4分） ⑴田子愧惭，走．出（）⑵说．其义（） 10.用现代汉语翻译文中划线句（2分） 为．相三年，不食．乎？ 11.阅读全文，你认为田母是一个怎样的人？（用自己的话）（2分）
新人教版八年级下册英语单词表(人教版八年级英语 下册) 新人教版八年级下册英语单词表(人教版八年级英语下册) Uint1第一单元词组和短语 1. will v.将；会；要 2. robot n.机器人 3. everything pron.每件事物 4. paper n.纸;纸张 5. use v.使用;利用 6. fewer adj.(few的比较级)较少的;较少数 7. less adj.(little的比较级)较少;较小 8. pollution n.污染 9. tree n.树;树木 10. building n.建筑物;房屋 11. astronaut n.宇航员，航天员 12. rocket n.火箭 13. space n.空间;太空 14. space station 空间站 15. fly v.飞行 16. took v.（take的过去式） 17. moon n.月亮;月球
18. fall v.落下;跌落;变为 19. fell v.(fall的过去式) 20. fall in love with 爱上 21. parrot n.鹦鹉 22. alone adv.单独地;孤独地 23. pet n.宠物 24. probably adv.大概;或许 25. suit n.一套衣服 26. able adj.能;能够 27. be able to 能够……；得以…… 28. dress v.穿衣 29. casually adv.非正式地；随意地 30. which pron.哪个;哪几个 31. even adv.甚至 32. The World Cup 世界杯 33. wrote v.(write的过去式) 34. myself pron.(反身代词)我自己;我本人 35. interview n.面试;面谈 36. predict v.预报；预言 37. future n.将来;未来 38. prediction n.预言；预测 39. came v.(come的过去式)
Unit1 Can you play the guitar 1、 guitar n.吉他 2、 join v.参加；加入 3、 dance v.跳舞；舞蹈 4、 swim v.游泳 5、 sing v.唱；唱歌 6、 chess n.国际象棋 7、 paint v.画画 8、 speak v.说；说话 9、 piano n.钢琴 10、drum n.喇叭 11、violin n.小提琴 12、or conj.或者 13、musician n.音乐家 14、show n.演出;表演 v.展示； 15、draw v.画
16、story n故事；小说 17、tell v. n讲述；告诉 18、write v.写作，写字 19、talk v. n说话；谈话 20、also adv也；而且 21、people n人；人们 22、center n（=centre）中心，中央 23、home n 家，活动本部.adv到家在家 24、today. Adv在今天 25、make v.使或为；制造 26、weekend. n.周末 27、teach v教，讲授 Unit 2 What time do you go to school 1、 usually adv.通常 2、 up adv 向上 3、 dressed adj穿着衣服
4、 forty num四十 5、 fifty num五十 6、 never adv从来；决不 7、 early adv. adj早的 8、 station n.电视台；车站 9、 funny adj奇怪的；滑稽好笑的 10、exercise v.n锻炼；练习 11、group n.组群 12、shower v.n淋浴;淋浴器（间） 13、take a shower淋浴；洗澡 14、o'clock (=of the clock) adv.…点钟(只用于正点) 15、work n.& v.工作 16、brush v.刷 17、teeth n.(tooth的复数形式)牙齿 18、job n.工作；零工；任务；职位 19、best adj.& adv.(good, well的比较级)最好的(地)
1.Many students want to be ____ (志愿者) for the Asian Winter Games in Changchun. 2.The air is much ______(稀薄) over 5,000 meters above the sea. 3.They ______ (筹集) 1,200yuan for charity yesterday. 4.He said he wanted to do more speaking to ________(提高) his English. 5.Children must wash their clothes (自己). 6.The plane landed on the airport (safe). 7.Don’t you think we need time and _______(free) to relax. 8.They are my favorite ________ (skate) 9. Don’t rush in the street, it’s really ______ (da nger) 10. Some of the _______ (Russia) can speak English. 11. There will be _____（更少）pollution. 12. I want _____ （工作）for myself when I’m older. 13. My friends ____（饲养）a pet dog in their house. 14. One day people will ____ （飞）to the moon for vacations. 15. You should ____ （谈）about your problems with your parents. 16. It was raining when the plane ____ （着陆）in London. 17. He didn’t know what was______ （发生）outside. 18. Can you ____（带来）some music CDs to the party? 19. If I don’t clean my room, my mother won’t ______（让）me meet my friends. 20.Can you ______ （组织）the games for the class party? 21. She makes a ______________ (decide) to study hard from now. 22. In English, I’m _____________ (good) at reading than listening.
七年级（下）： （一）春寒 宋陈与义 二月巴陵日日风，春寒未了怯园公。 海棠不惜胭脂色，独立濛濛细雨中。 （二）宿甘露寺僧舍 宋曾公亮 枕中云气千峰近，床底松声万壑哀。 要看银山拍天浪，开窗放入大江来。 （三）偶题 朱熹 门外青山翠紫堆，幅巾终日面崔嵬。 只看云断成飞雨，不道云从底处来。 （四）赠刘景文 苏轼 荷尽已无擎雨盖，菊残犹有傲霜枝。 一年好景君须记，最是橙黄橘绿时。 （五）春晚二首 北宋王令 三月残花落更开，小檐日日燕飞来。 子规夜半犹啼血，不信东风唤不回。 （六）浪淘沙 唐刘禹锡 莫道谗言如浪深，莫言迁客似沙沉。 千淘万漉虽辛苦，吹尽狂沙始到金。 （七）至节即事 元·马臻 天街晓色瑞烟浓，名纸相传尽贺冬。 绣幕家家浑不卷，呼卢笑语自从容。
（八）十五夜望月寄杜郎中 唐王建 中庭地白树栖鸦，冷露无声湿桂花。 今夜月明人尽望，不知秋思落谁家？ （九）兰溪棹歌 唐·戴叔伦 凉月如眉挂柳湾，越中山色镜中看。 兰溪三日桃花雨，半夜鲤鱼来上滩。 （十）鲁山山行 北宋·梅尧臣 适与野情惬，千山高复低。 好峰随处改，幽径独行迷。 霜落熊升树，林空鹿饮溪。 人家在何许？云外一声鸡。 （十一）江城子·密州出猎 北宋苏轼 老夫聊发少年狂，左牵黄，右擎苍。锦帽貂裘，千骑卷平冈。为报倾城随太守，亲射虎，看孙郎。 酒酣胸胆尚开张，鬓微霜，又何妨?持节云中，何日遣冯唐？会挽雕弓如满月，西北望，射天狼。 （十二）浣溪沙 苏轼 簌簌衣巾落枣花，村南村北响缫车, 牛衣古柳卖黄瓜。 酒困路长惟欲睡，日高人渴漫思茶，敲门试问野人家。 （十三）蝶恋花 柳永 伫倚危楼风细细，望极春愁，黯黯生天际。草色烟光残照里，无言谁会凭阑意。 拟把疏狂图一醉，对酒当歌，强乐还无味。衣带渐宽终不悔，为伊消得人憔悴。 （十四）浣溪沙 北宋晏殊 一曲新词酒一杯，去年天气旧亭台。夕阳西下几时回？ 无可奈何花落去，似曾相识燕归来。小园香径独徘徊。
2014新人教版八年级上册英语单词表全Unit 1 anyone /'eniw?n/ pron.任何人anywhere /'eniwe?(r)/ adv.任何地方 wonderful/'w?nd?(r)fl/adj.精彩的;绝妙的 few /fju:/adj.&pron.不多；很少 quite a few相当多；不少(后接可数名词) most/m??st/adj.，adv.&pron.最多；大多数 something /'s?mθ??/ pron.某事；某物 nothing(=not…anything)/'n?θ??/pron. 没有什么；没有一件东西 everyone/'evriw?n/pron.每人;人人;所有人 of course /?vk?:s/ 当然；自然myself /ma?'self/ pron.我自己；我本人 yourself /j?:'self/ pron.你自己；您自己 hen /hen/ n.母鸡 pig /p?g/n.猪 seem /si:m/ vi.好像;似乎；看来bored /b?:d/ adj.厌倦的；烦闷的someone /'s?mw?n/ pron.某人 diary/'da??ri/n.日记;日记簿(keep a diary) enjoyable/'?n'd????bl/ adj.有乐趣的;令人愉快的 activity /?k't?v?ti/ n.活动 decide /d?'sa?d/ v.决定；选定(decide to do sth.) try /tra?/ v.尝试；设法；努力 (try to do sth. /try doing sth. ) paragliding/'p?r?ɡla?d??/n.空中滑翔跳伞 feel like 给……的感觉；感受到bird /b?:d/ n.鸟 bicycle /'ba?s?kl/ n.自行车；脚踏车 building /'b?ld??/ n.建筑物；房子trader /'tre?d?(r)/ n.商人 wonder /'w?nd?(r)/ v.想知道；琢磨difference /'d?fr?ns/ n.差别；差异 top /t?p/ n.顶部；表面 wait /we?t/ v.等待；等候(wait for) umbrella /?m'brel?/ n.伞；雨伞 wet /wet/ adj.湿的；潮湿的；下雨的because of 因为 below/b?'l??/prep.&adv.在……下面;到……下面 enough/?'n?f/adj.足够的(地)adv.充足的 (地);充分的(地) hungry /'h??ɡri/ adj.饥饿的 as /?z/ conj.像……一样；如同 hill /h?l/ n.小山；山丘 duck /d?k/ n.鸭 dislike/d?s'la?k/v.&n.不喜爱(的事物);厌恶(的事物) Central Park 中央公园（美国纽约）HuangguoshuWarterfall /'w?:t?(r)f ?:l/ 黄果树瀑布(贵州) HongKong /,h??'k??/,/'ha:?,ka:?/香港（中 华人民共和国特别行政区） Malaysia /m?'le???/马来西亚; Malaysian/m?'le??n/adj.马来西亚的;n.马来西亚人 Georgetown/'d??:d?ta?n/乔治市(马来西亚) Weld /weld/ Quay /ki:/ 海墘街Penang /p?'n??/ Hill 槟城山(马来西亚） Tian'anmen Square/skwe?(r)/天安门广场 the Palace /'p?l?s/ Museum 故宫博物院 Unit 2
七年级（下）英语单词表Unit 1 Where's your pen pal 第一单元单词及短语 1. pal n.好朋友;伙伴 2. pen pal 笔友 3. Canada加拿大 4. France 法国 5. Japan 日本 6. the United States 美国 7. Australia 澳洲;澳大利亚 8. Singapore新加坡 9. the United Kingdom 英国 10. country n. 国家 11. Sydney 悉尼 12. New York 纽约 13. Paris 巴黎 14. Toronto 多伦多 15. Tokyo 东京 16. live v.居住 17. language n.语言 18. Japanese n.日语;日本人 19. would n. 世界 20. French n.法国人;法语 21. like n.(pl.)爱好 22. dislike v.讨厌;不喜欢; n.反感;厌恶(的对象) Unit 2 Where's the post office？ 第二单元单词及短语 1. post n.邮件;邮递 2. office n.办公室;事务所 3. post office 邮局 4. library n.图书馆 5. restaurant n.餐馆;饭店 6. bank n.银行 7. supermarket n.超级市场8. St. abbr.(=street)街;街道 9. street n. 街;街道 10. pay 付钱;支付 11. pay phone n.投币式公用电话 12. park n.公园 13. ave abbr.(=avenue)大街;林荫道 14. avenue n.大街;林荫道 15. center n.中央;中心 16. bridge n.桥 17. mail n.邮件;邮政 18. there adv.在那里 19. near prep.在---附近 20. across prep.横过;在对面 21. across from 在---对面 22. next prep.紧靠---的旁边;贴近 23. next to 紧靠---的旁边;贴近;最接近 24. between 介于(两者或多者)之间 25. front 前面;前边 26. in front of 在---前面 27. behind在---之后 28. neighborhood n.附近;街区;附近地区 29. just adv.直接地;就;只;仅仅 30. straight adv.一直;直接 31. turn v.转弯;转变方向 32. left adv.﹠n.向左;左边 33. down adv.﹠prep.向下;下去;沿着 34. right adv.﹠n.向右;右边 35. on the right 在右边 36. open adj.开着的;营业中的 37. market n.市场;市集 38. clean adj.清洁的;干净的 39. quiet adj.宁静的 40. dirty adj.肮脏的 41. house n.房子;住宅 42. welcome int. 欢迎
八年级下册英语module1-6单词拼写 1.The cookie is very____________(美味的)，so I like it very much. 2.The air in the open air is very____________(新鲜的)，and many people like going there. 3.She is very shy. She always feels____________(紧张的)when she meets the teachers. 4.The girl is wearing____________(眼镜). 5.His father is a good teacher. He is___________(自豪的) of him. 6.I like sports,____________(尤其是) tennis. 7.It’ll help you___________(提高)your speaking. 8.I’ve always wanted to go on a dream holiday. But I can’t____________(买得起) it. 9.I have made a new___________(模型)spaceship for her. 10.This is the___________(最新的)magazine. 11.Children need a happy home______________(环境). 12.People use man-made satellites to study the____________(宇宙). 13.Have you take your_______________(体温). 14.I haven’t done much_____________(运动)since I got my phone. 15.The air can be very___________(有害的)to your health. 16.The doctor gave him some_____________(药)to eat. 17.He can fly through the sky and_____________(与….斗争)bad people. 18.He is a____________(幽默的)person. 19.Sometimes they___________(保护)each other and work together. 20.You’d better not ask some______________(私人的)questions. 21.We shouldn’t smoke in the____________(公共的)places. 22.Don’t____________(触碰)the electricity, it’s dangerous. 23.Do you____________(收集)anything? 24.David has become a_____________(成功的)young writer. 25.I’ll write about my______________(排球)team, as well as football. 26.Don’t talk to any____________(陌生人). 27.Nothing is_______________(不可能的)if you try your best to do it. 28.So far they haven’t got any________________(信息)about the earthquake. 29.The girl joined in the English Speaking Contest and won the first____________(奖赏). 30.If you win the speech_____________(比赛)，you can get a gift. 31.I forgot to__________(邀请)Mary to my birthday party. 32.They wanted to learn more about____________(古代的)buildings. 33.Many people use e-mail to________________(联系)with each other. 34.The_____________(系统)can translate English into Chinese. 35.He has got a______________(咳嗽)and need rest. 36.She is a_____________(成员)of the club. 37.The girl is still very___________(虚弱的)after her illness. 38.The_____________(状况)of his father is not very good. 39.The famous_______________(艺术家)will give a talk in our school next week. 40.My sister is___________(活跃的)at school and she has many friends. 41.We didn’t realize the____________(价值)of the diamond. 42.This old table is a____________(有价值的)piece of furniture. 43.There are some books and magazines on the____________(架子).