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2016年成人高考专升本教育理论考试真题及参考解答

2016年成人高考专升本教育理论考试真题及参考解答
2016年成人高考专升本教育理论考试真题及参考解答

2016年成人高考专升本教育理论考试真题及参考答案

教育学部分

一、选择题:1~12小题,每小题2分,共24分。在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。

1.系统阐述绅士教育思想的近代教育家是()

A.夸美纽斯

B.洛克

C.赫尔巴特

D.杜威

答案:B

2.在教育研究上反对思辨,主张定量、实证研究,提倡“科学化”的教育理论派别是()

A.实验教育学

B.文化教育学

C.批判教育学

D.制度教育学

答案:A

3.认为教育起源于人与人之间的模仿这一本能的观点是()

A.神话起源说

B.生物起源说

C.心理起源说

D.交往起源说

答案:C

4.封建社会“等级制”的学制主要反映了哪一因素对教育的制约?()

A.社会生产力

B.政治经济制度

C.文化传统

D.人的身心发展规律

答案:B

5.小明的妈妈为确保孩子“不输在起跑线上”,入学之前就迫使小明学小学二年级的课程。这样做违背了儿童身心发展的哪一特征?()

A.阶段性

B.不平衡性

C.互补性

D.个别差异性

答案:A

6.马克思主义创始人明确提出,培养全面发展的人的唯一方法是()

A.脑力劳动与体力劳动相结合

B.教育与生产劳动相结合

C.知识分子与工人农民相结合

D.理论与实践相结合

答案:B

7.为了了解学生的思想和心理变化,田老师私下查看了学生手机和日记。这种做法侵犯了学生的()

A.荣誉权

B.受教育权

C.隐私权

D.健康权

答案:C

8.林老师通过创建良好的班风、建立和谐的人际关系等对学生施加积极的教育影响。林老师的做法体现了哪一课程的特点?()

A.活动课程

B.隐眭课程

C.综合课程

D.选修课程

答案:B

9.美国教育家布卢姆所倡导的形成性评价旨在()

A.对学生进行甄别排序

B.诊断学生的学习基础

C.考查学生学习的终结效果

D.改进教学,促进学生的发展

答案:D

10.学习“圆的初步认识”时,老师设计了一个情景问题:如果我们班的同学在操场上玩一个游戏——抢红旗。我把一面小红旗插在场地上,口令发出后,大家一起去夺红旗,全班同学该怎样站位才最为公平合理呢?这个问题的设计体现了哪一教学原则?()

A.理论联系实际的原则

B.巩固性原则

C.启发性原则

D.循序渐进原则

答案:C

11.班会活动结束后,班主任刘老师要求同学们反思自己在活动中的表现。她采用的德育方法是()

A.说服教育法

B.榜样示范法

C.指导自我教育法

D.品德评价法

答案:C

12.一个叫苏珊的美国小孩,患癌症化疗后头发几乎掉光了。为了遮住秃头,出院后回到教室时,她戴上了帽子。可是,令她感到意外的是,每个同学和她一样都戴着一顶帽子……原来,老师知道苏珊将重返校园,就提前对班上的同学郑

重宣布:“从下周一开始,我们要学习认识各种帽子,大家都要戴自己喜欢的帽子上学。”老师的意图是()

A.统一班上同学的仪表

B.组织开展对帽子的研究

C.通过戴帽子了解学生审美差异

D.保护学生自尊心免其受到伤害

答案:D

二、辨析题:13~14小题。每小题6分,共12分。首先判断正确或错误,然后说明理由。

13.教育可以决定政治经济制度发展的方向。

答案:错误。教育是被政治经济制度制约的,它只能在政治经济制度发展的轨道上对政治经济制度起加速或延缓作用,而不能决定政治经济制度发展的方向。

14.班主任的主要工作是维持班级的纪律。

答案:错误。班主任的基本任务是带好班级、教好学生,使每个学生都得到全面发展。其中包括对学生进行品德教育,促使学生努力学习等各项工作。维持班级纪律只是其中的一项工作。

三、简答题:15~17小题,每小题8分,共24分。

15.教育要适应人的身心发展的哪些特征?如何适应?

答案:(1)教育要适应人的身心发展的顺序性和阶段性;教育要循序渐进地促进人的发展。

(2)教育要适应人的身心发展的不均衡性;应在儿童身心发展的某一关键期施以相应的教育。

(3)教育要适应人的身心发展的稳定性和可变性;在教育中既要注意稳定性,不随意改变教育内容和方法,又要考虑可变性,充分挖掘学生发展的潜力。

(4)教育要适应人的身心发展的个别差异性,做到因材施教。

16.简述学科课程与活动课程各自的基本特点。

答案:(1)学科课程的特点:第一,重视对未来成人生活的分析和准备;第二,主张分科教学;第三,强调教材的逻辑组织和训练的价值。

(2)活动课程的特点:重视儿童的兴趣和需要;重视教材的心理组织,主张“做中学”;认为教育即生活而不是生活的准备。

17.简述我国当前教育方针的基本点。

答案:(1)培养社会主义事业的建设者和接班人,表明了我国社会主义教育的性质和方向。

(2)使学生德智体美全面发展,是我国社会主义教育目的中对教育者的素质要求。

(3)教育与生产劳动相结合,与社会实践相结合,是培养全面发展人的重要途径。

四、论述题:18小题。15分。

18.阅读下列案例,并回答问题。

[案例]下面是一节物理课“摩擦力”的教学实录(摘要):

一、新课导入

师:这节课我给大家带来几条小泥鳅,长得虽然不好看但却很有趣。哪个同学能帮我抓出来呢?(三名同学都没有抓住)

师:想一想,为什么泥鳅这么难抓啊?(同学们议论纷纷)

(接着教师又拿出钉鞋、跑鞋、平底鞋、棉鞋、溜冰鞋各一双)

师:如果老师要参加100米赛跑,你会选哪一双鞋呢?如果我要溜冰你又会帮我如何选择呢?为什么要做这样的选择?(同学们又热烈讨论)

师:大家看个小实验(课件演示):让毛刷从平面上刷过,你观察到什么?

众生:毛刷向右刷过刷毛向左倾斜,说明摩擦力的方向与相对运动的方向相反。

师小结:一个物体在另一个物体表面上滑动时所受到的阻碍物体相对运动的力,叫摩擦力。

二、深化学习

师:摩擦力的大小可能与哪几个因素有关呢?请大家用手正向和反向摸狗尾巴草,看有什么不同感受?再看播放的视频,然后讨论。(视频显示:在光滑的和在粗糙的地面上拉着大小及重量不同的物体,弹簧秤测试出各自的摩擦力)

众生:(广泛争论后得出结论)摩擦力的大小跟压力的大小、接触面的粗糙程度有关。在接触面不变的情况下,压力越大,摩擦力越大;在压力不变的情况下,接触面越粗糙,摩擦力越大。

三、知识应用

师:摩擦力对我们的生活是有益的还是有害的?我们如何利用或克服摩擦力?

众生:人走路时不打滑多亏了摩擦力;下雪天,路滑,撒些炉灰增加摩擦力防滑;拿起一个杯子,靠的就是手与杯子之间的摩擦力……机器零件之间的摩擦是有害的,加润滑油可以减少摩擦力……

四、布置作业

请发现生活中与摩擦力有关的问题,提出利用或克服摩擦力的措施和建议。

[问题]请运用教学过程中学生掌握知识的基本阶段理论,对该物理教师的教学进行分析。

答案:该教师较好地遵循了教学过程中学生认识的特殊性规律,依据学生掌握知识需要经过的四个阶段,取得了较好的效果。

(1)感知阶段:教师通过让学生抓小泥鳅,又通过比较钉鞋、跑鞋、平底鞋、棉鞋、溜冰鞋的特点选择合适的鞋,还通过实际体验抓摸狗尾巴草,观看多媒体演示,使学生对什么是摩擦力、摩擦力的大小及其影响因素有了初步的感性认识。

(2)理解阶段:教师通过讲授和演示进一步引导学生总结出摩擦力的定义以及影响因素,使学生在理解教材的基础上,进一步掌握了摩擦力的原理。

(3)巩固阶段:教师进一步引导学生讨论生活中摩擦力的利与弊,使学生懂得如何运用所学知识为生活服务,并以归纳和总结的方式,巩固了所学内容。

(4)运用阶段:教师通过布置作业,要求学生结合所学有关知识,解决实际生活中的问题。

心理学部分

五、选择题:19~30小题。每小题2分,共24分。在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。

19.心理学中通常把个体心理现象划分为()

A.个性心理和心理过程

B.个性心理和心理素质

C.个性心理和心理结构

D.个性心理和心理潜能

答案:A

20.神经系统产生心理活动的基本方式是()

B.反馈

C.反射

D.反应

答案:C

21.个体活动积极性的内在源泉是()

A.兴趣

B.需要

C.信念

D.动机

答案:B

22.晓丹依据麻雀、鹦鹉、喜鹊等都有翅膀和羽毛的特点,总结出有翅膀、有羽毛的动物属于鸟类。她的这种心理活动属于()

B.记忆

C.思维

D.想象

答案:C

23.注意除了具有选择功能、保持功能外,还有()

A.代替功能

B.预见功能

C.激励功能

D.调节与监督功能

答案:D

24.喜者见之而喜,忧者见之而忧。这种现象说明心境具有()

A.稳定性

C.广阔性

D.暂时性

答案:B

25.关心集体、对人热情、乐于助人、为人谦虚等特点,属于|生格的()

A.理智特征

B.情绪特征

C.意志特征

D.态度特征

答案:D

26.个体接收、加工、存储和应用信息的能力属于()

A.操作能力

B.认知能力

D.创造能力

答案:B

27.感觉反映的是客观事物的()

A.个别特征

B.整体特征

C.本质特征

D.动力特征

答案:A

28.“情人眼里出西施”说明人们对一个人某方面的特征形成好的印象之后,还会把这种印象扩展到对其别的特征的认知上去。这种现象属于()

A.刻板印象

B.首因效应

C.晕轮效应

D.投射倾向

答案:C

29.个体运用已有的知识经验,通过练习而形成的合乎法则的活动方式,称为()

A.定势

B.能力

C.习惯

D.技能

答案:D

30.杨华最近对学习、娱乐没有兴趣,觉得生活没有价值和意义,常常感到前途悲观,情绪低落、沮丧、失望和无助。他的这种消极情绪属于()

A.抑郁

B.悲哀

C.焦虑

D.恐惧

答案:A

六、辨析题:31~32小题,每小题6分,共12分。首先判断正确或错误,然后说明理由。

31.知觉过程离不开知识经验。

答案:正确。在知识经验的参与下,才能对知觉对象的认识更加完整、全面;同时,理解是知觉的一个特征和前提条件,理解就是借助于知识经验实现的。

32.智商的计算不需要考虑年龄因素。

答案:错误。比率智商就是智力年龄与实际年龄之比;离差智商衡量的是个体的智力在同年龄组中所处的位置。所以,智商的计算需要考虑年龄特征。

七、简答题:33~35小题。每小题8分,共24分。

33.简述记忆过程包含的环节及它们之间的关系。

答案:(1)记忆过程包括识记、保持、再认或回忆三个基本环节。

(2)识记是保持的基础,保持是中间环节,再认或回忆是识记和保持效果的体现,并能进一步巩固和加强识记和保持的内容。

34.简述人格的含义及其特性。

答案:(1)人格是构成一个人思想、情感及行为的特有模式,这个特有模式包含了一个人区别于他人的稳定而统一的心理品质。

(2)人格具有独特性、稳定性、整体性和功能性等特点。

35.简述马斯洛的需要层次理论。

答案:(1)马斯洛将人类的需要由低到高分为生理需要、安全需要、归属与爱的需要、尊重的需要和自我实现的需要。

(2)马斯洛认为,只有低层次需要基本得到满足以后,才能出现高层次需要;个人需要的发展过程像波浪似的演进。

八、论述题:36小题,15分。

36.试述怎样培养学生的创造性思维。

答案:(1)运用启发式教学,激发学生的求知欲,调动学生学习的积极性。

(2)培养学生发散性思维和集中性思维。

(3)发展学生的创造性想象力。

(4)鼓励学生参加各项创造性活动,正确评价有创造力的学生。

(试卷转自:厚学网)

2016年专升本试卷真题及答案(数学)

2016年重庆市专升本数学试卷 一、单项选择题(每题4分,满分32分) 1. 设()f x 在0x x =处可导,则()() 000 2lim h f x h f x h →+-= A.()' 0f x - B.()'0f x C.()'02f x D.()'03f x 2.定积分 1 21 sin x xdx -=? A.-1 B.0 C.1 D.2 3.过OZ 轴及点()3,2,4-的平面方程是 A.320x y += B.20y z += C.20x z += D.230x y += 4.已知微分方程为 dy y dx =通解为 A.x y e = B.x y e C =+ C.y x C =+ D.x y Ce = 5.下列级数收敛的是 A.113n n ∞ =????∑ B.1 1 sin n n ∞=∑ 1.1n n C n ∞ =+∑ D.1! n n n n ∞ =∑ 6.3阶行列式314 89 5111 中元素321a =的代数余子式为 A.1 B.8 C.15 D.17 7、设1002A ??= ??? ,则3 A = A.1002?? ? ?? B.3006?? ??? C.1008?? ??? D.3008?? ???

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2016年福建专升本考试试题答案

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