英语专业四级阅读讲解
大纲
●1. 题型简介
●2. 测试要求
●3. 测试形式
●4. 选材原则
●5. 阅读的准备工作
●6. 总结
2. 测试要求（旧版）
（a）能读懂英美国家出版的中等难度的文章和材料。
●（b）能读懂难度相当于美国Newsweek的国际新闻报道。
●（c）能读懂难度相当于Sons and Lovers的文学原著,了解说明主旨和大意的事实和细节。
●(d)既理解字面的意思，也能根据所读材料进行一定的判断和推论。既理解个别句子的意义,也理解上下文的逻辑关系。
●(e)阅读速度为每分钟约90字，考试时间25分钟。
2. 测试要求（新版）
●（a）能读懂英美国家出版的中等难度的各种文章和材料（包括新闻，短文，电讯，文教，科普，史地等文章）
●（b）能读懂难度相当于美国Reader’s Digest的报刊，杂志文章。（c）能读懂难度相当于The Moon is Down的文学原著及少年百科全书之类的工具书材料
●(d) 了解所读文章的中心大意，主要情节或论点，掌握作者的观点和写作意图，并能对所读材料进行一定的推理和分析，从而较完整地理解原文。
●(e)阅读速度为每分钟约120字，考试时间25分钟。
3. 测试形式：
●本部分采用多项选择题，由数篇阅读材料组成。阅读材料共长1800个单词左右。每篇材料后有若干道题。学生应根据所读材料内容，从每道题的四个选项中选出一个最佳的答案。共20道题，
4. 选材原则：
（a）题材广泛，包括社会、文化，教育，政治，经济，科普等，包括所有考生日常生活，学习中有可能涉及或关心的领域，尽量贴近考生实际生活经历。
（b）体裁多样，包括记叙文、描写文、说明文、议论文、新闻文体等，以当代英美文体为主
（c）阅读材料的语言难度中等，关键词汇基本上不超出<<大纲>>规定的范围。
（d）尽量选择内容时新，有意义，具有一定可读性的文章
5. 正式阅读的准备工作
●广义上的阅读能力包括了综合的语言能力（词汇，语法，惯用法等），正确的阅读方法与习惯以及广泛的背景知识。
●TEM4考试的阅读项是对考生在英语阅读能力方面的检验，要求学生在考试考试中充分展示自己真实的阅读水平。
●1）阅读前的预读
●词汇量+语法积累
●标题，副标题，斜体，黑体，数字，首尾段落，主题句，首尾句。
●文章的写作风格是文学性的（容易被忽略的形容词），还是事实性的？
●文章想要告诉我们什么？作者的写作目的？
●不可忽视的转折词+引导词
转折词
●显性转折词：
●常见的：but, however, yet
●不常见的：on the other hand, in contrast, nevertheless, on the contrary
隐性转折词：
●1. while, despite/in spite of, though / although
●2. The trouble is, The problem is, The difficulty is ●3. 否定的强调形式(does not, could not, can not etc.)
●2）阅读中的词汇问题
●词汇会影响阅读速度和阅读效率
●四级阅读里，有些单词，是会重复的，反复的考你，尤其是近几年，四级考试的变化来讲，有些核心单词是反复出现，反复考你。比如像criteria，这个单词表示标准的意思。2002年考过这个单词。这个单词也在95年四级考试出现过了。所以，从现在起，你必须保证真题的阅读没有一个不认识的单词，一定要把不会的单词总结出来。
●实际阅读中，可跳过生词
●从词根或词缀中获得线索
●仔细寻找相关线索（文学性的文章要特别注意：意义往往隐含在比喻句或陈述句或与读者的生
活经验有关）
●E.g.:
●his argument was as specious as the words of the snake who beguiled Adam and Eve in the Garden of Paradise.
●A. money or currency
●B. unusual or different
●C. deceptively plausible
●D. wide open or widely spaced
●3）阅读技巧
●先看问题，后读文章（用横线标出题干及原文的关键词+注意总结全文主题或段落主题）
●各种试题类型及方法：
A. 细节题
●①在原文中直接找到题干中的关键词(主要关键词：名词，名词短语；次要关键词：动词，形容词，副词；注意主要关键词和次要关键词是相对的。关键词2个特点：唯一性和特殊性)
●②根据专有名词回原文定位，如人名，书名，地名，年代，阿拉伯数字
●③找不到关键词要注意同义替换
●④根据提干所指段落回原文查读(注意ABCD选项中有关键词)
●⑤提干未指出来自何段，如果题目在中间，根据题目顺序和自然段顺序一般一致的原则，定位相应的自然段(注意ABCD选项中有关键词)
B. 推理题：
●逻辑推理题常见词：infer, imply, suggest, conclude, true or false, except
●推理题唯一特点：必须根据文章中的词、句所提供的事实基础推理得出，不能主观臆断，无中生有。
推理题的四个角度：
●1.通过显性或隐性的转折词推理得出作者态度及文章主题。
●2.从逻辑意义上进行推理
●3.通过段首段尾句推理得出文章主题。
●4.通过原文事实细节进行同义替换的推理。
推理题必须注意的两点：
●1. 同义替换是关键(过于绝对，扩大缩小范围，推理过头都是错误的)
●2. 就近原则(勿跨段推理)
C. 例子题：
●例子本身不重要，目的更重要，例子必须服从主题需要。
代词指代题型：
定位：向前找名词或名词主语
注意：！代词本身要和前面的名词或名词短语单复数一致
D. 主旨题：
●1. 标题best title ①正确答案应当对应文章的主题词
●②选项范围要恰如其分，过大过小都不行
●2. 写作目的purpose 等于文章主题
●3. 态度题方法与主题题一致。但要注意三类态度词汇
●贬义词是永陪选项，绝对不是答案
●褒义词像正确选项，但要从原文事实来判断。
●中性词：即是支持还是反对还是中立，这要看原文的段首段尾句以及转折词。
●中性词objective, impartial, neutral,
●贬义词biased, indifferent, impassive, disgusting, subjective, contempt, foolish, stupid
●褒义词approve, support，cautious, humorous
错误答案的特点
●1. 过分绝对2. 无中生有
●3. 正反混淆4. 就事论事
●5. 以偏概全6. 夸大内容
●7. 偷换概念8. 增减词汇
●9. 答非所问10.违背常识
正确答案的特点
●1与原文一致(但要小心答非所问) ●2同义替换
●3全面概括
6. 总结
●1. 合理制定复习计划，保证每天，每周的任务量●2. 总结生词，长难句，以及各种题型及应对方法●3. 总结错题+练习新题
●4. 扩大背景知识，保持阅读习惯
As the pace of life continues to increase ,we are fast losing the art of relaxation. Once you are in the habit of rushing through lift,being on the go from morning till night, it is hard to slow down. But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body. Stress is an natural part of everyday lift and there is no way to avoid it. In fact ,it is not the bad thing it is often supposed to be .A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation adn give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor performance and ill health. The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual. Some people are not afraid of stress,and such characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities. Others lose heart at the first signs of unusual difficulties. When exposed to stress,in whatever form,we react both chemically and physically. In fact we make choice between "fight" or "flight" and in more primitive days the choice made the difference between life or death. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme,but however little the stress,it involves the same response. It is when such a reaction lasts long,through continued exposure to stress,that health becomes endangered.Such serious conditions as high blood pressure and heart disease have established links with stress.Since we cannot remove stress from our lives(it would be unwise to do so even if we could),we need to find ways to deal with it. 1.People are finding less and less time for relaxing themselves because_____. a.they do not know how to enjoy themselves b.they do not believe that relaxation is important for health c.they are travelling fast all the time d.they are becoming busier with their work 2.According to the writer ,the most important character for a good manager is his ________. a.not fearing stress b.knowing the art of relaxation c.high sense of responsibility d.having control over performance 3.Which of the follwing statements is ture? a.We can find some ways to avoid stress b.Stress is always harmful to people
最新英语四级高频词汇700个 每天掌握30个词汇，一个月轻松过四级。 1.alter v. 改变，改动，变更 2.burst vi.,n. 突然发生，爆裂 3.dispose vi. 除掉；处置；解决；处理(of) 4.blast n. 爆炸；气流vi. 炸掉 5.consume v. 消耗，耗尽 6.split v. 劈开；割裂；分裂 a.裂开的 7.spit v. 吐（唾液等）；唾弃 8.spill v. 溢出，溅出，倒出 9. slide v. 滑动，滑落n. 滑动；滑面；幻灯片10. slip v. 滑动，滑落；忽略 11.bacteria n. 细菌12.breed n. 种，品种v. 繁殖，产仔13.budget n. 预算v. 编预算，作安排14.candidate n. 候选人 15.campus n. 校园16.liberal a. 慷慨的；丰富的；自由的17.transform v. 转变，变革；变换18.transmit v. 传播，播送；传递 19. transport vt. 运输，运送n. 运输，运输工具20. transplant v. 移植 21.shift v. 转移；转动；转变22.vary v. 变化，改变；使多样化 23.vanish vi. 消灭，不见24.swallow v. 吞下，咽下n. 燕子25.suspicion n. 怀疑，疑心26.suspicious a. 怀疑的，可疑的 https://www.doczj.com/doc/5f12003358.html,d a. 温暖的，暖和的；温柔的，味淡的28.tender a. 温柔的；脆弱的 29.nuisance n. 损害，妨害，讨厌（的人或事30.accelerate vt. 加速，促进 31.insignificant a. 无意义的，无足轻重的32.absolute a. 绝对的，无条件的；完全的33.boundary n. 分界线，边界34.brake n. 刹车，制动器v. 刹住（车）35.catalog n. 目录（册）v. 编目36.vague a. 模糊的，不明确的 37.vain n. 徒劳，白费38.extinct a. 绝灭的，熄灭的 39.extraordinary a. 不平常的，特别的，非凡的40.extreme a. 极度的，极端的n. 极端41.agent n. 代理人，代理商；动因，原因42.alcohol n. 含酒精的饮料，酒精 43.appeal n./vi. 呼吁，恳求44.appreciate vt. 重视，赏识，欣赏 45.approve v. 赞成，同意，批准46.stimulate vt. 刺激，激励 47.acquire vt. 取得，获得；学到48.accomplish vt .完成，到达；实行 https://www.doczj.com/doc/5f12003358.html,work n. 网状物；广播网，电视网；网络50.tide n. 潮汐；潮流 51.tidy a. 整洁的，整齐的52.trace vt. 追踪，找到n. 痕迹，踪迹53.torture n./vt. 拷打，折磨54.wander vi. 漫游，闲逛 55.wax n. 蜡56.weave v. 织，编 57.preserve v. 保护，保存，保持，维持58.oppose vt..反对，反抗 59. expose vt. 暴露，显露60..glimpse vt&n.一瞥，一看 61. abuse v. 滥用，虐待；谩骂62. academic a. 学术的；高等院校的63. academy n. （高等）专科院校64. battery n. 电池（组） 65. barrier n. 障碍；棚栏66. cargo n. （船、飞机等装载的）货物67. career n. 生涯，职业68. vessel n. 船舶；容器，器皿；血管69. vertical a. 垂直的70. oblige v. 迫使，责成；使感激 71. obscure a. 阴暗，模糊72. extent n. 程度，范围，大小，限度73. exterior n. 外部，外表 a. 外部的，外表的74. external a. 外部的，外表的，外面的75. petrol n. 汽油76. petroleum n. 石油 77. delay vt./n. 推迟，延误，耽搁78. decay vi. 腐烂，腐朽
大学英语四级阅读理解训练 Classified advertising is that advertising which is grouped in certain sections of the paper and is thus distinguished from display advertising. Such groupings as “Help Wanted”, “Real Estate”, “Lost and Found” are made, the rate charged being less than for display advertising. Classified advertisements are a convenience to the reader and a saving to the advertiser. The reader who is interested in a particular kind of advertisement finds all advertisements of that type grouped for him. The advertisers may, on this account, use a very small advertisement if it were placed among larger advertisements in the paper. It is evident that the reader approaches the classified advertisement in a different frame of mind from that in which he approaches the other advertisements in the paper. He turns to a page of classified advertisements to search for the particular advertisement that will meet his needs. As his attention is voluntary, the advertiser does not need to rely too much extent on display type to get the reader’s attention. Formerly all classified advertisements were of the same size and did not have display type. With the increase in the number of such advertisements, however, each advertiser within a certain group is competing with others in the same group for the reader’s attention. In many cases, the result has been an increase in the size of the space used and the addition of headlines and pictures. In that way, the classified advertisement has in reality advertisement. This is particularly true of real estate advertising? 1. All of the following facts are advantages of classified advertisement for advertisers EXCEPT that ____. A) classified advertisement charges less money B) it is easier to attract the attention of the target consumers C) it provides more information for the readers
大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案（四） 十六 Trees shoul d only be pruned when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and , fortunately,the number of such reasons is small. Pruning involves the cutting away of obergrown and unwanted branches, and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from d oing it unnecessarily than from l eaving the tree to grow in its own way. First, pruning may be d one to make sure that trees have a d esired shape or size. The object may be to get a tree of the right height, and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape. Secondly, pruning may be done to make the tree healthier. You may cut diseaed or dead wood, or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus cause wounds. The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing branches that are blocking up the centre and so preventing
高频重/点词汇： Consideration考虑思考；顾虑investigate调查审查encourage 鼓励Constant经常的performance 成绩业绩complex 复杂的improve 进步改善Physical身体的物质的attract 吸引financial 财经的金融的Individual个人的个体的material 物质的promote 促进改善Appreciate 欣赏鉴赏Emphasize强调influence影响excellent 优秀的balance平衡consistent一致的一贯的industry 工业行业essential 核心的reduce 下降减少official官员的; 公务[职务]上的prevent 阻止phenomenon 现象状况extreme 极端的increase 增加significant 显著的Involve使卷入; 使陷入; 拖累compromise 妥协approach接近走近探讨分析Personality 个性describe 描述features 特征distinguish辨别minority少数民族Expand 扩张investigate 调查military 军事communicate 交流observe 观察evaluate对...估价对...作评价routine日常工作; 常规; 手续程序advance使前进; 推进complain抱怨投诉purchase 购买effective 有效的exposure暴露曝露; 显示; 曝晒estimate估计predict预测commercial 金融的contribute贡献奉献community 社会社区Artificial 手工的mental 精神上的pursue 追求monitor监控监测automatic自动化的recreation休闲娱乐violence暴力confused 迷惑的demonstrate示威游行显示confrontation 冲突prejudice歧视stress压力recall 回忆civilian平民performance表演表现业绩ordinary普通的平凡的regulate调整domestic 国内的increase增加approach接近途径process过程程序routine例行工作structure结构industry工业行业generate产生创造conclusion总结结论appropriate合适的negotiations 谈判shrink缩小strength力量强度strengthen加强巩固possession拥有threaten威胁appear 出现appearance外表外观 同义替换： although表转折—despite but however in fact indeed possess拥有—own have hold control maintain occupy promotion促进提升提拔—advancement forwarding improvement rise betterment progress negotiation谈判协商准备—arrange settle mediate talk over engage从事占去卷入—involve entangle benefit利益得益—capitalize profit settle定居—occupy inhabit live in locate colonize immigrants移民—people from other countries employment就业—job career to keep a record记录—to keep a diary action行为—what they did lapse错误—error fault slip research研究调查—delve search study investigate inquire explore look into layoff解雇—unemployment downsizing in workers associate联合—join connect unite combine opponent对手—enemy foe adversary competitor rival saboteur argument争论—dispute controversy oppose反对—counteract fight struggle resist conflict with refuse realize认知了解—understand grasp conceive comprehend appreciate
专业英语四级阅读模拟题23 READING COMPREHENSION TEXT A Police Officer Tidwell left the station just after 8 a.m. on Sunday June 4. He had spent an uneventful night on duty and was looking forward to his day of rest. By habit he took a short cut down the path behind Dugby Hall road and after a minute or two he saw a man climbing down a drainpipe from an open bedroom window of number 29. In silence Tidwell crept into the garden. The man reached the ground and was dusting himself down when he felt his arm gripped. "It's 8:15 on a Sunday morning," said the officer, "and this sort of thing seems an unlikely adventure at such a time. Would you mind explaining?" The man was obviously startled but kept calm. He said, "I know what you're thinking, officer, but it isn't true. This is a funny mistake." "It's part of my job to take an interest in unusual events. I think you've just left this house in a manner other than the customary one. That may be quite innocent, but I'd like to make sure." Tidwell took out his notebook and a pen. "Name, address and occupation and then, please, tell me your story." "Charlie Crane, lorry driver, from Nottingham, 51 Breton Street. My story..." "Yes. What were you doing like a fly on that wall, Mr. Crane?" "Well, I had a breakdown yesterday and had to stay the night here. Bed and breakfast. The landlady's name is Mrs. Fern. She gave me breakfast at seven, and I was out of here in the right way and down at the lorry by half past seven. Only when I felt around for a cigarette, did I realize I'd left $80 in my envelope under the pillow here at number 29. I always put it under my pillow at night. It's a habit I've got into. I even do it at home..." "I see. Why didn't you miss it when you went to pay Mrs... What's her name?" "I'd paid her last night. You've got to pay when you take the room, see? So I came rushing back, but it's Sunday, and she'd gone back to bed, and could I wake her? I rang the bell and banged on the front door for ten minutes before I came round here to the back and spotted my bedroom window is sill open. Up I went, then, up this pipe. It's a trick I learnt in the army. She didn't make the bed, and the money was still there. You know the rest, and I hope you believe it because..." "Mr. Crane, what are you doing here? I thought you'd gone an hour ago." It was Mrs. Fern, speaking
2020年大学英语四级阅读理解专项练习题(1) With the invention and development of television, entertainment has grown much more visual in character and is demanding less and less use of the imagination, considered by many to be man's greatest faculty. But its greatest inadequacy lies in its inability to exercise just those creative powers in men which are called upon and developed in the pursuit of a worthwhile hobby, This lack is not serious while a man is still fully employed in his day-to-day work which itself often gives him opportunities to create either with his hands or with his mind. At this time he seeks only some form of relaxation in his leisure. There comes a time, however, when he must retire from his occupation on account of age, and it is then that these shallower pastimes, useful enough has a form of relaxation, might cease to satisfy the hitherto active man. Today, many elderly people are finding this to be true, and seem constantly to be suffering from a sense of frustration after retirement, which reveals seem constantly to be suffering from a sense of frustration after retirement, which reveals itself in a short temper and slow degeneration of health, the two most common symptoms. 11. The writer criticizes visual entertainment because A. it does not require man's creative powers. B. it demands too much of our imagination. C. it can not improve our intelligence and skill. D. it leads man to slow degeneration in health. 12. What is regarded as man’s greatest faculty?
2019年12月大学英语四级阅读真题及答案 2015年12月大学英语四级阅读真题及答案 【参考答案】 36、N。 saw 第一空显然缺少谓语，优先考虑动词，结合语义并根据Late November and December能够推出应选择过去式动词，故答案锁定saw。 37、F。 decades 根据two，首选复数名词，结合语义，“ for the first time in the two decades”，二十年来头一次。 38、H。 globally 句子为主系表结构，不缺主要成分，所以首选副词和形容词，根据语义，ever表示“一直以来地、向来地”，“十一月向来是世界范围内最温暖的一个月。” 39、D。 chances 缺少主语，并且谓语是are，所以首选复数形式的名词，结合前文Enjoy the snow now，“享受现在的雪吧”，因为“时机是好的”。 40、J。 occurs 空格前方有主语，且是单数形式，而后面由when引导的时间状语从句的时态是一般现在时，所以主句谓语锁定第三人称单数形式的动词，只能选择occurs。 41、A。 specific空格左为定冠词the，空格右为名词，中间只能选形容词，选择“特定的”符合语义。 42、B。 associated 空格左为be动词，右边为介词with，中间只能是形容词或动词的过去分词形式，be associated with表示“与…有联系”，符合原意。
43、G。 experiences 空格左为主语southern Africa，空格内应该为动词的第三人称单词形式，结合语义，选G，“南非经历着干燥的天气。 44、M。 reduce 空格左为情态动词，空格内必须为动词原形，填reduce“减少”符合原题。 45、K。 populations 空格与左边的large fish 共同构成动词support的宾语，只能选一个名词来作为名词词组，故选K，“大量的鱼群”。 【参考答案及解析】 61题，定位到第一段最后一句“varies by culture”，所以答案选A——They are culture-related。 62题，由题干的大写名词Russian定位到第二段和第三段。第二段的“Russian， for example， began to wake up about a half-hour later each day”这个句是干扰句，起得晚不一定睡得早，所以答案推不出“他们比其他地方的人睡得更久”。然后看到第三段“Russia’s other late nights and early mornings generally coincided with public holidays”，所以答案为C——They don’t sleep much on holidays。 63题，题干问的是欧洲人缺乏睡眠的major cause主要原因是什么，由题干的大写名词Europeans’ loss定位到倒数第二段的“compared to Germans， Italians， and the French， who stayed up around an hour and a half later on various days throughout the summer to watch the Cup”，原文的Germans，Italians， and the French就是题干中“Europeans”的同义改写，而他们stayed up就是为了to watch the Cup，所以说他们缺乏睡眠的原因便是C选项——The World Cup。
四级高频词汇 四级的词汇特别重要，其实考四级很大的一部分就是考四级！如何快速、高效地扩增词汇量一直是一个令许多英语学习者感到困扰的问题。没有足够的词汇量，任何语言活动无从谈起。 四级词汇主要由：基础词汇＋四级高频词汇＋词组 一天记30个词汇，经过一个月的突击努力，将会使你的词汇学习更加有的放矢，词汇积累过程就会相应缩短，少走弯路，避免无效的重复。 1.alter v. 改变，改动，变更 2.burst vi.,n. 突然发生，爆裂 3.dispose vi. 除掉；处置；解决；处理(of) 4.blast n. 爆炸；气流vi. 炸，炸掉 5.consume v. 消耗，耗尽 6.split v. 劈开；割裂；分裂a.裂开的 7.spit v. 吐（唾液等）；唾弃 8.spill v. 溢出，溅出，倒出 9.slip v. 滑动，滑落；忽略 10.slide v. 滑动，滑落n. 滑动；滑面；幻灯片 11.bacteria n. 细菌 12.breed n. 种，品种v. 繁殖，产仔 13.budget n. 预算v. 编预算，作安排 14.candidate n. 候选人 15.campus n. 校园 16.liberal a. 慷慨的；丰富的；自由的 17.transform v. 转变，变革；变换 18.transmit v. 传播，播送；传递 19.transplant v. 移植 20.transport vt. 运输，运送n. 运输，运输工具 21.shift v. 转移；转动；转变 22.vary v. 变化，改变；使多样化 23.vanish vi. 消灭，不见 24.swallow v. 吞下，咽下n. 燕子 25.suspicion n. 怀疑，疑心 26.suspicious a. 怀疑的，可疑的https://www.doczj.com/doc/5f12003358.html,d a. 温暖的，暖和的；温柔的，味淡的 28.tender a. 温柔的；脆弱的 29.nuisance n. 损害，妨害，讨厌（的人或事物） 30.insignificant a. 无意义的，无足轻重的；无价值的 31.accelerate vt. 加速，促进 32.absolute a. 绝对的，无条件的；完全的 33.boundary n. 分界线，边界 34.brake n. 刹车，制动器v. 刹住（车） 35.catalog n. 目录（册）v. 编目 36.vague a. 模糊的，不明确的 37.vain n. 徒劳，白费 38.extinct a. 绝灭的，熄灭的 39.extraordinary a. 不平常的，特别的，非凡的 40.extreme a. 极度的，极端的n. 极端，过分 41.agent n. 代理人，代理商；动因，原因 42.alcohol n. 含酒精的饮料，酒精 43.appeal n./vi. 呼吁，恳求 44.appreciate vt. 重视，赏识，欣赏 45.approve v. 赞成，同意，批准 46.stimulate vt. 刺激，激励 47.acquire vt. 取得，获得；学到 48.accomplish vt .完成，到达；实行 https://www.doczj.com/doc/5f12003358.html,work n. 网状物；广播网，电视网；网络 50.tide n. 潮汐；潮流 51.tidy a. 整洁的，整齐的 52.trace vt. 追踪，找到n. 痕迹，踪迹 53.torture n./vt. 拷打，折磨 54.wander vi. 漫游，闲逛 55.wax n. 蜡 56.weave v. 织，编 57.preserve v. 保护，保存，保持，维持 61. abuse v. 滥用，虐待；谩骂 62. academic a. 学术的；高等院校的；研究院的 63. academy n. （高等）专科院校；学
英语四级长篇阅读专项训练题 Green Growth A. The enrichment of previously poor countries is the most inspiring development of our time. It is also worrying. The environment is already under strain. What willhappen when the global population rises from 7 billion today to 9.3 billion in 2050, as demographers人口统计学家 expect, and a growing proportion of these people can'afford goods that were once reserved for the elite? Can the planet support so much economic activity? B .Many policymakers adopt a top-down and Western-centfic approach to such planetary problems. They discuss ambitious regulations in global forums, or look to giant multinationals and well-heeled 富有的 NGOs to set an example. But since most people live in the emerging world, it makes sense to look at what successful companies there are doing to make growth more sustainable. C. A new study by the World Economic Forum WEF and the Boston Consulting Group BCG identifies 16 emerging-market firms that they say are turning eco-consciousness into a source of competitive advantage. These highly profitable companies which the study calls "the new sustainability champions" are using greenery to reduce costs, motivate workers and forge relationships. Their home-grown ideas will probably be easier for their peers to copy than anything cooked up in the West. D. The most outstanding quality of these companies is that they turn limitationsof resources, labor and infrastructure into opportunities. Thus, India's Shree Cement, which has tong suffered from water shortages, developed the world's most water-efficient method for making cement, in part by using air-cooling rather than water-cooling. Manila Water, a utility in the Philippines, reduced the amount of water it was losing, through wastage and illegal tapping, from 63% in 1997 to 12% in 2021 by making water affordable for the poor. Broad Group, a Chinese maker of air conditioners, taps the waste heat from buildings to power its machines. Zhangzidao Fishery Group, a Chinese
英语四级阅读试题及答案详解1 Reading is thought to be a kind of conversation between the reader and the text. The reader puts questions, as it were, to the text and gets answers. In the light of these he puts __1__ questions, and so on. For most of the time this “conversation” goes on below the level of consciousness. At times, however, we become __2__ of it. This is usually when we are running into difficulties, when mismatch is occurring between __3__ and meaning. When successful matching is being experienced, our question of the text continues at the unconscious level. Different people __4__ with the text differently. Some stay very close to the words on the page, others take off imaginatively from the words, interpreting, criticizing, analyzing and examining. The former represents a kind of comprehension which is __5__ in the text. The latter represents __6__ levels of comprehension. The balance between these is important, especially for advanced readers. There is another conversation which from our point of view is __7__ important, and that is to do not with what is read but with how it is read. We call this a “process” conversation as __8__ to a “content” conversation. It is concerned not with meaning but with the __9__ we employ in reading. If we are an advanced reader our ability to hold a