初中英语时态语态总结
英语中一共有十六种时态，初中阶段主要学习和考到八种时态，主要包括一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在进行时，过去进行时，现在完成时，过去将来时和过去完成时。
一、一般现在时
1.用法:
1）表示现阶段经常性，习惯性的动作或存在的状态、特征或客观真理。常用的时间状语有often ，usually ，sometimes ，always ，every day ，never ，in the morning，every week/day 等。
e.g. I get up at six every morning. （经常性动作）
He plays tennis once a week. （习惯性动作）
The sun rises in the east. （客观真理）
My mother is a teacher. She teaches English in a school. （现在的状态）
2) 在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。
e.g. If you don’t go soon, you’ll be late.
3) begin, come., go, leave, start, stop 等动词常用一般现在时表示按计划、规定将
要发生的事情。
e.g. Class begins at eight in the morning.
2.构成：
1）主语是I, we, you, they和名词复数时作谓语的行为动词用原形。主语是he, she , it和名词单数时，动词使用第三人称单数。
2）主语为第三人称和名词单数时：
肯定式:S+V/动词的第三人称单数
否定式:S+ don't/doesn't +V+其他
疑问式:Do/Does+S+V+其他
简略回答:(肯)Yes,S+do/does
(否)No,S+do/does not
主语肯定式否定式疑问式
第一、二人I am a student.
We/You/ They are
I am not a student.
We/You/ They are not
Are you a student.
Are you/ they students?
称和第三人称复数以及名词复数students.
He/ She is a student.
I / We/ You/ They/ like
music.
Many people like music.
students.
He/ She is not a student.
I / We/ You/ They/ don’t like
music.
Many people don’t like
music.
Is he/ she a student?
Do you/ they like music?
Do many people like
music?
3）当主语是第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数时：
肯定式: S + be +···
否定式: S+ be +not + ···
疑问式: Am /Is /Are + S+ ···?
简略回答: (肯) Yes,S + be.
(否) No,S + be.
真题：
1.——Can your father drive? (08 武汉)
——Yes, and he usually to school.
A drove
B is driving
C drives
D has driven
2.If I find his phone number, I you. (09 北京)
A tell
B told
C will tell
D have told
3. The teacher told the students that the earth round, not flat. (08 天津)
A is
B was
C has been
D is being
二、一般过去时
1. 表示过去某段时间发生的事，存在的状态或过去反复发生的动作时用一般过去时。常用于一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday，three months ago，last year，in 1979等。
2. 用法：
1）过去发生的动作。
e.g. The police stopped me on my way home last night.
2）过去存在的状态。
e.g. They weren't able to come because they were so busy.
3）be used to doing 表示过去常常做某事。也是一般过去时的标记。
e.g. She was used to feeding the cats in the yard.
3. 构成：
S+V-ed
1）用动词的过去式。作谓语的行为动词的词尾变化如下：
一般情况+ed
以e字母结尾的辅音+d
以辅音字母＋y结尾去y变i＋ed
重读闭音节结尾的单词，末尾只有一个辅音字母双写词尾字母+ed
2）一般过去时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式（以be和like为例）：主语肯定式否定式疑问式
第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词
复数I was a student.
We/You/ They were
students.
He/ She was a
student.
I / We/ You/ They/
liked music.
Many people liked
music.
I was not a student.
We/You/ They were
not students.
He/ She was not a
student.
I / We/ You/ They/
didn’t lik e music.
Many people didn’t
like music.
Were you a student.
Were you/ they students?
Was he/ she a student?
Did you/ they like music?
Did many people like music?
真题：
1. Yesterday，Tony’s family a good time. (08 泸州)
A has
B have
C had
2. We were in Qingdao last week and great fun there. (08 北京)
A will have
B have had
C had
D have
3. My grandmother us stories when I was young. ( 09 锦州)
A was used to tell
B is used to telling
C are used to tell
D was used to telling
三、一般将来时
1.用法：表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用于一般将来时的时间状语：tomorrow，next week，in 2008等。
1）将要发生的动作。
e.g. I will leave for Beijing tomorrow.
2）将要存在的状态。
e.g. This time next year I will be in Japan. Where will you be?
3）打算要做的事。
e.g. Are you going to watch the film on television tonight?
4）come，go, start, move, sail 等动词常用进行时态表示按计划将要发生的事。
e.g. The whole family is going for two months.
5) 在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。
e.g. If you don’t go soon, you’ll be late.
2.构成：
1）助动词will(shall)+v
2）be +going to +v
3.will 和be going to 的区别：
1）表示带意愿色彩的将来用will。
e.g. I will stay with you in the future.
2) 询问对方是否愿意或表示客气的邀请和命令时用will。
e.g. Will you go to the park with me?
Will you please open the door?
3) 表示客观的将来，用will。
e.g. I will be 22 years old next year.
4) be going to常用于口语中用来表示即将发生的动作或存在的状态。
e.g. We’re going to help some farmers with their work.
5) 表示打算或准备要做的事用be going to
e.g. She’s going to leave at 10 o’clock tomorrow.
6) 根据某种迹象判断可能要发生的事用be going to。
e.g. Look at the clouds. It’s going to rain.
真题：
1.——Why are you in such a hurry, Mike? ( 09 福州)
——There an NBA basketball game in ten minutes.
A will have
B will be
C is going to have
D are going to be
2. In five years, I a doctor. ( 08 泸州)
A will be
B was
C am
3. If they come, we a meeting.
A have
B will have
C had
D would have
四、现在进行时
1. 用法：
1）说话时正在进行或发生的动作（动作是在说话时正在进行）。常用于现在进
行时态的时间状语：now ,look, listen等。
e.g. She is having a bath now.
2）现阶段正在进行或发生的动作（但是动作并不是必须在说话时正在进行）。
e.g. You are working hard today.
Kate wants to work in Italy, so she is learning Italian.
The population of the world is growing very fast.
3）频度副词always, forever等词连用时，表示某种强烈的感情。
e.g. He is always trying out new ideas.
4）表示按计划即将发生的动作（仅限于go, come, arrive, leave, start, fly, begin, stay 等动词）。
e.g. The party is beginning at 8:00 o’clock..
5) “系动词+介词/副词”表示正在进行的动作。
e.g. He is at work.
6) 表示感觉、愿望和状态的某些动词如hope, smell, hear, see等一般不用进行时
态。
2. 构成：
be+ v-ing
1）v-ing现在分词的构成：
一般情况cook-cooking 以不发音字母e结尾的单词。去e,加ing make-making, taste-tasting 以重读闭音节结尾的单词，末尾只有一个辅音字母时. run-running, stop-stopping,
2)肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式：
肯定句：S+be +V-ing
否定句：S+be+not + V-ing
一般疑问句：Is(Are)+S+V-ing？
特殊疑问：wh_+ be + S + V-ing?
主语肯定式否定式疑问式
第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数I am driving.
He/She/It is working.
We/You/They are doing
something.
I am not driving.
He/She/It is not working.
We/You/They are not
doing anything.
Are you driving?
Is he/she/it working?
Are you/they doing
something?
真题：
1. Mr. Green to the manager now. You’d better call him later. ( 09 北京)
A talk
B is talking
C talked
D was talking
2. Everything on the earth all the time.
A is changing
B is changed
C has changed
D has been changed
3. Be quiet, please. The students a class now. (08 长春)
A have
B had
C are having
D were having
五、过去进行时
1.用法：
过去某一阶段或某一时刻正在进行的动作。常用于过去进行时的时间状语有at four yesterday afternoon，then，at that time/moment 等。
e.g. This time last year I was living in Brazil.
What were you doing at 10 o'clock last night?
2.构成：
was / were +v-ing
3. 一般过去时和过去进行时的区别：
1）一般过去时：强调过去某个时候曾有过某个动作（已经完成的）。
2）过去进行时：强调动作在过去的某个时候或某个时间段内正在进行（是否完成不明确）。
e.g. Mary wrote a letter to her friend last night.
Mary was writing a letter to her friend last night.
真题：
1.——Were you at home at 7 o’clock last night? (09 宁波)
——Yes, I a shower at that time.
A took
B am taking
C was taking
D was taken
2. The boy down the street when the UFO landed. ( 09 仙桃)
A walks
B walk
C is walking
D was walking
3. I my homework while my parents TV last night. (06 南京)
A did; have watched
B was doing; were watching
C had done; were walking
D would do; were watching
六、现在完成时
1. 用法：
1)表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already, just, ever, never, before等副词连用。
e.g. She has never read this novel.
2)表示“过去的动作”一直延续到现在并有可能继续延续下去。常与for (后跟段时间)或since (后跟点时间)等连用。
e.g. I have been a member of the Party for 10 years.
I have been a member of the Party since 10 years ago.
3) 在有for 和since 引导时间状语的句子中不能用短暂性动词（die, arrive, close, become, come, fall, leave, go, lose, give, jump），应用与之相应的表示状态的词。
e.g. (F)He has died for 3 years.
(T)He has been dead for 3 years.
4) 当表示动作、状态持续时用延续性动词（work, stand, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, read, sleep）。延续性动词一般不与表示“点”的时间状语连用。
e.g. We have studied English for three years.
(F)It rained at eight yesterday morning.
(T)It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.
2.构成：
1) have / has + v-ing
2）现在完成时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式（以be和see为例）：肯定句：S+ have（has）+V-ed
否定句：S+ have（has）+not(haven’t,hasn’t)+V-ed
一般疑问句：Have(Has)+ S+V-ed+？
特殊疑问句：wh_+have(has)+ S+V-ed+？
主语肯定式否定式疑问式
第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名
词复数
I /We/You/ They have
been here before.
He/ She has been here
before.
.I / We/ You/ They/ Many
people have seen the film.
I /We/You/ They haven’t
been here before.
He/ She hasn’t been
here before .
.I / We/ You/ They/
Many people haven’t
seen the film.
Have you/ they been here
before?
Has he/ she been here
before?
Have you/ they/ many people
seen the film?
3.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
1）侧重点不同。现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响；一般过去时只是一种过去的时态，与现在无关。
e.g. Yesterday I went to the zoo.
Li Lei has read the book.
2) 标记的时间状语不同。
现在过去时：already, yet, still, just, so far, before, ever, never, since+一段时间，for+一段时间。
一般过去时：ago, yesterday, last year, in 2000, just now.
e.g. Have you ever picked flowers or stepped on the grass in a park?
Father bought that watch ten years ago.
4.have been to, have gone to, have been in 的区别
1）have been to表示过去曾去过某地，现在已经不在该地了。常与just, ever, never 等连用，后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。
e.g. He has been to Guangzhou for three times.
——Have you ever been to the United States?
——Yes, twice.
2）have gone to表示到某地去了，说话时该人不在说话地点，或者已到该地，或在途中。一般主语不用第一、第二人称。
e.g. ——Where is Mrs. Smith?
——She isn’t here. She has gone to England.
3）have been in表示已经在某地待了多久。常跟for+一段时间，表示在某地待了多长时间。
e.g. ——Have your sister been in China for a long time?
——Yes. She went there five years ago.
David has been in Shanghai for more than three months.
真题：
1.——How do you like Beijing, Mr. Smith?
——Oh, I such a beautiful city before.
A don’t visit
B didn’t visit
C haven’t visited
D hadn’t visited
2. She as an animal trainer since 200
3. (09 北京)
A has worked
B works
C will work
D worked
3. ——Is Mr. Green at home? ( 09 黔东)
——No, he Shanghai.
A has been to
B has gone to
C is going to
4. ——Where is Zhang Ming? (10.湖南)
——Oh，don’t you know he to Beijing to see his parents and he’ll be back tomorrow.
A.has gone
B. has been
C. had gone
5. ——Jack，I haven’t seen your brother for a long time. (09,福建) ——He Shanghai on business for two months.
A. went to
B. has gone to
C. has been in
D. has been to
七、过去将来时
过去将来时表示从过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，“从过去看将来”，常用于宾语从句。
1.用法：
1）主句为一般过去时，宾语从句表示将要发生的事情。
e.g. Nobody knew what would happen after a hundred years.
2) 叙述过去的事情或事情发生的经过时，用过去将来时表示在当时看将会发生的事。
e.g. It was on Sunday afternoon, Tom was going to start work the following week.
2. 构成：
1）助动词would(should)+v
2）was/were +going to +v
真题：
1. Daddy promised me he me a computer.
A was bought
B had bought
C bought
D would buy
2. The teacher said she some books to the class in the afternoon. ( 08 绵阳)
A would bring
B will bring
C bring
D brought
3. Jenny said she her holiday in China.
A spent
B would spent
C was going to spent
D would spend
八、过去完成时
1. 用法：
1）表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。在时间上表示“过去的过去”，常与by/before+过去时间构成的介词短语连用。
e.g. She said she had seen the film 4 times.
By the time they arrived, the bus had left.
2）常与before/when引导的一般过去时的从句连用。
e.g. When Mr. Li got to the classroom, all the students had begun reading.
3）常出现的时间状语有till，until then等。
e.g. She told me she had been ill recently.
4）表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。常与for (后跟段时间)或since (后跟点时间)等连用。
e.g. She had worked in this school since it opened 25 years ago.
2.构成：
肯定式：had + V_ed
否定式：hadn’t + V_ed
疑问式：Had … + V_ed
简略回答：Yes, S + have/has had.
No, S + had
真题：
1. The teachers the office for a few minutes when we arrived. We didn’t meet them. (09 常州)
A had been away from
B had left
C have been away from
D have left
2. They about eight hundred English words by the end of last term. (09 广州)
A will learn
B had learned
C are going to learn
D have learned
3. Mr. Wang dinner when we got to his house. (07 青岛)
A had boiled
B had made
C had kept
语态
所谓语态，就是说明主语和谓语之间关系的一种动词形式。分两种形式：主动语态：句中的主语是动作的执行者或发出者。被动语态：句中的主语是动作的承受者或接受者。
语态的考查是全国各地中考的热点，也是初中必须掌握的语法之一。我们重点学习被动语态。
?实际上, 英语中的被动式就相当于汉语表达中的”把字句和被字句”.即:“把－－－怎样”；“－－被怎样”．初中阶段我们学习的被动式结构，归纳如下：
一般现在时的被动式：
结构：am /is / are + Ved(过去分词）
例句：My brother asks me to clean the windows. (主动句句式) 步骤：
１）．找到主动句中的宾语，如果有双宾语（间宾／直宾），把间宾作为被动句中的主语．
２）．确定主动句中的动词时态．３）．对应变换为被动结构．
４）．有时，主动句中的主语在被动式中可省略．
被动式：I am asked to clean the windows by （my brother）.
现在完成式的被动式：
结构：主语＋have / has + been +Ved.
例句：We have finished our homework already.
改：Our homework has been finished already (by us )
现在进行时的被动式：
结构： am / is / are + being Ved
例句：Look, the students are playing basketball in the open air.
Basketball is being played by the students in the open air .
I am asked to clean the windows by （my brother）.
现在完成式的被动式：
结构：主语＋have / has + been +Ved. 例句：
We have finished our homework already.
改：Our homework has been finished already (by us )
现在进行时的被动式：
结构： am / is / are + being Ved 例句：
Look, the students are playing basketball in the open air.
Basketball is being played by the students in the open air .
一般过去时的被动式：结构：was / were + Ved
例句：We cooked the lunch an hour ago .
改：The lunch was cooked ( by us ) an hour ago .
We didn’t make the model plane.
The model plane wasn’t made by us.
过去进行时的被动式：
结构：was / were + being + Ved
例句： He was watching TV when I called him last night.
TV was being watched by him when I called him last night .
过去完成式的被动式：
结构：had +been+ V ed
例句：By the end of last term , we had learned about eight hundred English words . About eight hundred English words had been learned by us ,by the end of last term . 一般将来时的被动式：
结构：will / be going to + be Ved 例句：
Mr. John will complete the project tomorrow .
The project will be completed tomorrow.
含有情态动词的被动式：
结构:Modal Verb + be + V-ed
1.should + be +V-ed “---应该被做”
2.must + be + V-ed “---必须被做”
3. might + be + V-ed “---可能被做”
4. can / could + be + V-ed “---能被做”特别提醒：
１．谓语是由动词短语构成的，变被动语态时，不能把它们分开。 The baby is taken good care of by his grandma . Take care of 是一个完整的动词短语，不能分开。
２．意思是“发生”的动词：happen / take place . 不能变成被动语态。 Great changes have taken place in the past few years .
3. 只有及物动词才能变成被动式。
总之，我们在做题时，首先问问自己：句子的主语与后面的动词之间是什么关系？如果是动作的承受者或接受者，则选择用被动式。尤其是现在的中考题目不是以简单的语法考查出现，而是把要考的语法知识融会在一定的语境中，此时，同学们要长个心眼，不要大意失荆州。
中考连接：
1） --- What do you think of the football match yesterday ?--- well, it’s surprising . The strongest team of our school ________.
A. was beaten
B. won
C. scored
D. was failed
2）When and where to go for the holiday ______ yet . ( 2003 呼和浩特 )
A. are not decided
B. have not been decided
C. is not being decided
D. has not been decided
3）--- Alice , you _____________ on the phone . ( 2003 杭州 ) --- I’m coming. Thanks.
A. want
B. are wanted
C. are wanting
D. have wanted
4） A new shoe factory will _________ in this part of the city . ( 2003 武汉 ) A. be building B. be built C. build
5）The trees must ___________ three times a week . ( 2003 长沙 ) A. water B. is watering C. be watered D. waters
1. Please do me a favor — ______ my friend Mr. Smith to Youth Theater at 7:30 tonight. A. to invite B. inviting C. invite D. invited 2. —I called you last night，but nobody answered. —Oh，I usually________ off my cell phone by 8:00 pm. A. switched B. have switched C. switch D. had switched 3. I _________ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year. A. will play B. have played C. played D. play 4. The house belongs to my aunt but she D. doesn’t live 5. The father as well as his three children skating on the frozen river every Sunday A. is going B. go C. goes D. are going 6. Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _____ the Pacific, and we met no storms. A. was called B. is called C. had been called D. has been called 7. In many parts of the world, tea ________ milk mild and sugar. A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served 8 The fact that so many people still smoke in public places ___ that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking. A. suggest B. suggests C. suggested D. suggesting 9. Around two o’clock every night, Sue will start talking in her dream. It somewhat ______ us. A. bothers B. had bothered C. would bother D. bothered 10. The palace caught fire three times in the last century, and little of the original building _______now. A. remains B. is remained C. is remaining D. has been remained 11. Look at the pride on Tom’s face. He_______ to have been praised by the manager just now. A. seemed B. seems C. had seemed D. is seeming 12. In the spoken English of some areas in the US, the "r" sounds at the end of the words . A. are dropped B. Drop C. are being dropped D. have dropped 13. —Do you have any problems if you —Well， A. offer C. are offered D. will be offered 14. The wet weather will continue tomorrow，when a cold front A. is expected C. expects D. will be expected 15. —How long do you want me to heat the oil? —Heat it till it ________ to smoke. A. would begin B. begins C. will begin D. began 16. The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people ___to eat more fruit and vegetables. A. persuade B. will persuade C. be persuaded D. are persuaded 17. — When will you come to see me, Dad? — I will go to see you when you the training course. A. will have finished B. will finish C. are finishing D. finish 18. Come and see me whenever _______. A. you are convenient B. you will be convenient C. it is convenient to you D. it will be convenient
高中英语教案时态总结 一、时态的内涵 Tense翻译为时态，包含时间+状态两个方面。 时间的划分：过去，现在，将来 状态的划分：一般，进行，完成 状态——实意动词： 四种形式例：go, went, gone, going 四种形式各有分工一般：go, went 进行：going 完成：gone 例： 一般 I go to school every day. I went to school yesterday. 进行 we are learning English. I was learning English when you called me yesterday. 完成 We have had breakfast. I had had breakfast by 8 this morning. 时间——助动词 那接下来又有新的问题了。比如说，现在分词，它只有一种形式，如going ,或者learning, 那我们时间又不一样，有过去进行的，现在进行的，比如刚才的两个例句，we are learning English, 我们用的是are. I was learning English yesterday when you called me. 用的是was. 所以我们发现，learning是没有变化的，但前面这个are, was是变化的。它们的变化就把这个时间讲清楚了。而它呢，位于learning实意动词之前的这个，叫助动词。也就是说，be，是个助动词。如果我问be是什么词很多同学肯定会说be是系动词，其实be又是助动词，又是系动词，这里的be就是助动词。大家该如何理解呢，看这里，一个实意动词，只能把状态讲清楚，但因为一个状态里面，有不同的时间，比如进行，有过去进行，现在进行，和将来进行，而实意动词本身不能把这个时间讲清楚，于是就借助于，求助于，助动词来帮忙，
一般过去时 一、导入 二、（1）专题讲解 一般过去时 1、定义：一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态，常和表示过去的时间状语 连用；也可表示过去习惯性或经常性的动作和行为。 2、时间状语：yesterday , the day before yesterday , yesterday morning , just now , a moment ago ,two days ago , last night / year / week , before 11:00 , in the past ，at that time 等 3、使用情况： （1) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 I got up at 7:00 yesterday. 我昨天7点起床。 (2) 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 He always went to work by bus last year. 去年他总是乘公交车去上班。 4.一般现在时的结构及句型变化 结构：一般现在时的结构主要有三种形式： （1)、结构一（谓语动词为be 动词时） 肯定句：主语+be(was ，were)+其它. （注：am,is→was, are→were ） 否定句：主语+be+not+其它. 一般疑问句：Be+主语+其它?
e.g. I was late yesterday. e.g. They were in Bei jing last year. I was not late yesterday. They weren’t in Bei jing last year. Were you late yesterday？Were they in Bei jing last year？ Yes, I was. Yes, they were. No, I wasn't. No, they weren’t am和is在一般过去时中变为was。（was not=wasn’t） are在一般过去时中变为were。（were not=weren’t） (2）、结构二（谓语动词为情态动词时） (注意：情态动词can ，may ，have to 等等。） 肯定句：主语+情态动词过去式+动词原形+其它. 否定句：主语+情态动词过去式+not+动词原形+其它. 一般疑问句：情态动词过去式+主语+动词原形+其它? E.g. The old man could swim 30 years ago. The old man couldn’t swim 30 years ago. Could the old man swim 30 years ago? Yes, he could. No, he couldn’t. 常用情态动词过去式如下： can—could（能，会） may―might（可以） have to―had to（不得不） shall―should（将要）用于第一人称单数 will―would（将要）用于所有人称 (3)、结构三（谓语动词为实义动词时） 肯定句：主语+动词过去式+其它. 否定句：主语+ didn’t +动词原形+其它. 一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其它？
高中英语语法(时态和语态) 一．动词的时态 时态是谓语动词所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。英语动词有16种时态，但是常见的只有九种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时。 (一）一般现在时（do / does） 1．具体用法 1) 表示经常性或习惯性动作 We always care for each other and help each other. 我们总是互相关心互相帮助。 He goes to school every day. 2)表示现在的特征或状态 He is very happy. Do you sing? ----A little. 3)表示普遍真理 Light travels faster than sound. 光速比声速快。 Actions speak louder than words. 行动胜过言语。 * 常与一般现在时态连用的词或短语主要有：often, usually, sometimes, every day, every morning/afternoon, on Sundays/weekends等等。 I often go to the cinema on Sundays. 我经常星期天去看电影。 He goes to work early every day. 他每天上班很早。 （二）一般过去时( did ) （1）表示过去某一特定时间所发生的、可完成的动作或状态，常与表示确切过去时间的词、短语或从句连用。例如： We went to the pictures last night and saw a very interesting film. （2）表示过去习惯性动作。例如： He always went to class last. I used to do my homework in the library. （三）一般将来时( will / shall do) 1）表示将来打算进行或期待发生的动作或状态。例如： I shall graduate next year. 2）一般将来时有时可以表示一种倾向或习惯性动作。如 Crops will die without water. You won’t succeed with out their support. 3) 几种替代形式： *be going to +v在口语中广泛使用，表示准备做或将发生的事情。例如： I'm going to buy a house when we've saved enough money. *be to +v表示计划安排要做的事，具有"必要"的强制性意义。例如： I am to play tennis this afternoon. *be about to +v表示即将发生的事情。例如： He was about to start. *be due to +v表示预先确定了的事，必定发生的事。例如： The train is due to depart in ten minutes. 5）少数动词如：begin, come, leave, go, arrive, start, stop, return, open, close等的一般现在时可用来表示将来的动作。（多用来表示按计划事先安排好即将发生的动作，句中通常还有一个表示将来的时间状语）。例如： The meeting begins at seven.
高三英语语法教案：时态和语态 分类说明 高考中对动词的时态和语态的命题不可少，每年都有两、三分。然而，命题一般都是以基础知识为主，把时态与语境结合起来，在复习动词时态和语态时，应特别注意下面一些问题：1．动词的八种基本时态的形式和意义：一般现在时；一般过去时；一般将来时；现任进行时；过去进行时；现在完成时；过去完成时；现在完成进行时。并且，由此扩充了解将来完成时；将来进行时，将来完成进行时；过去将来完成时等。 2．掌握各种时态的时间状语要求，特别是上下文中所暗含的时间。 3．注意并掌握句子中时态一致性的要求，如：宾语从句中的时态要求：主句若为过去时，从句必须用相应的过去时，但当从句表示客观真理时，又可只用一般现在时；时间、条件状语中的时态要求：当主句为将来时时，从句片j一般现在时；虚拟语气中的时态要求：(见虚拟语气)。 4，掌握各种时态及含情态动词中的被动语态的形式和应用。 (1)分清动词的词性，熟悉并掌握常见的不及物动词happen，take place，occur，exist等，它们不能用被动语态； (2)分清主语与谓语之间的关系； (3)变被动语态的动词一般为及物动词，但有些不及物动词与介词所形成的短语动词也可有被动形式，此时，变被动语态后介词不能丢； (4)熟悉并掌握主动形式表被动意义的情况，如： A．及物动词read，write，sell，wash等，用作不及物动词，如：． The pen _________well． A．writes B．wrote C．is written D．has written B．做定语不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语或宾语时。如： I have much work ________． A．to do B．to be done C．to be doing D．to have done 但当不定的式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语或宾语时，则须用被动语态．如： Do you have any work ________now? I’m free． A．to do B．to be done C．to be doing D．to have done C．形容词hard，difficult，interesting，exciting，surprising等后的不定式作语及worth后面的doing。 回放真题 真题1(2004甘肃、青海卷29) --Thank goodness，you’re here! What _________you?
高中英语时态语态讲解 1、一般现在时主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作；表示客观规律和永恒真理；按照计划安排好了将要发生的动作（一般指时 刻表）等 He usually goes to w ork at 7 o’clock every morning. The train to Shanghai leaves at 7am. 考点一：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。如：I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 考点二：在时间、方式、让步和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时；常用的引导词有：时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day; 条件：if, unless, provided. If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon. 只要他努力工作，我不介意他什么时候做完试验。 2、现在进行时 表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动；或表感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。 We are having English class. The house is being built these days. The little boy is always making trouble. 考点一：在时间状语或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。Look out when you are crossing the street. Don't wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning. 考点二：表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作（这时多有表示将来的时间状语）。 Marry is leaving on Friday. 3、现在完成时 （1）非延续动作：动作发生在过去，对现在有影响。（2）延续性动作：动作和状态的持续。现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状语： 考点一：for + 时间段；since + 时间点 They have lived in Beijing for five years. They have lived in Beijing since 1995. 考点二：常见的不确定的时间状语：lately; recently, just, already, yet, up to now; till now; so far, these days, Has it stopped raining yet ? 考点三：在表示“最近几世纪/ 年/ 月以来……”时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成时。 in the past；over the past; during the last等 考点四：表示“第几次做某事，”或在“It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名词＋that” 后面,主句是一般现在时态时，从句用现在完成时。 This is my first time that I have visited China. This is the most interesting film I have ever seen. 4．一般过去时 表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用, 注意： 考点一：used to + do，表示过去经常但现在已不再维持的习惯动作。 be/become/get used to + doing，表示习惯于 He used to smoke a lot. He has got used to getting up early. 考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替过去将来时。 He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise 5. 过去进行时
初中英语语法---时态 一、一般现在时： 1.概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况以及客观真理。 2.时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, etc. 3.基本结构：①be动词；②行为动词 4.否定形式：①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。 5.一般疑问句：①把be动词放于句首；②用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。 6.动词的第三人称词尾变化：当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词需加-s或-es： 7. 一般现在时的用法 1）表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的副词连用。常用的频度副词有：always、often、usually、seldom、never。频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前，系动词、助动词之后。 例如: He often goes swimming in summer.他夏天经常游泳。 I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。
2）表示现在的状态。 例如：My father is at work. He is very busy. 我父亲在工作，他很忙。 The boy is twelve. 这男孩十二岁。 3）表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。 例如：All my family love football .我全家人都喜欢足球。 My sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹总是乐于助人。 4)表示客观真理，客观存在，自然现象。 例如：The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。 5）表示按计划或安排好的，或将要发生的动作，可用一般现在时表将来。但只限于start, begin, leave, go, come, arrive, return, take place等。 例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。 He comes back tonight. 他今晚回来。 6）在复合句中，当主句是一般将来时，时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。 例如：I'll tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时，我将告诉他这个消息。 If you take the job , they will talk with you in details. 如果你接受这份工作，他们将和你谈细节。 即学即练 一、给出下列动词的第三人称单数 talk______ forget________ hope______stop______write_______ relax________ perform_________play______say______buy______ worry______ catch_________ fly______study_______like_______make______take______love______ pass_______ recite_______go________come______drive_______shine_______wish________ 二、用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. Miss Guo ______ (teach) us Chinese this term. She ______ (be) a very good teacher. She often ______ (talk) with us after class. Many of us like ______ (talk) with her. 2. Where ______ their father______ (work)? He ______ (work) on a farm. 3. If he _______(arrive), please give me a phone call. 4.She ____ (go) to school at eight o’clock. 5.The teacher told us that the sun______ (rise) in the east.
动词时态语态及动词辨析练习100题 1. Once environmental damage ___, it will take many years for the system to recover. A has done B is to do C does D is done 2 --- When are you leaving? ---- My plane ___ at 10:45. A takes off B took off C is about to take off D will take off 3 I didn't like Aunt Lucy, who ___ without warning and bringing us presents. A always turned up B has always turned up C had always turned up D was always turning up 4 --- ____ my English book? I want to look up a word in it. ---- Yes, I ___ it lying on your desk a few minutes ago. A Had you seen, saw B Did you see , have seen C Have you seen,saw D Do you see, saw 5 He will phone ___ he ___ his work. A for the moment ,sets about B the moment,sets about C the moment, will set about D for the moment, will set about 6 That tree looked as if it ___ for a long time. A hasn't watered B didn't water C hadn't been watered D wasn't watered 7 --- Was Tom there when you arrived? --- Yes, but he ___ home soon afterwards. A had gone B has gone C is going D went 8 ---Would you mind if I __ here? --- Certainly not. Please go ahead. A will smoke B did smoke C smoked D am smoking 9 I should have written to you earlier, but ___ rather busy recently. A I've been B I'd been C I'm being D I were 10 --- Why weren't you at the meeting yesterday/ ---- I __ for a long-distance call from my aunt in America then. A waited B was waiting C had been waiting D had waited 11 Before the first non-stop flight made in 1949, it ___ necessary for all planes to land for refueling. A would be B has been C had been D would have been 12 ---Was that the first time ___ you ___ England's coast? --- Yes, it was. A /, left B when, have left C when, had left D /, had left 13 The car ran down the hill,and the driver ___ , according to the newspaper,to have been killed. A said B was saying C was said D had been said 14 --- He promised to come on time. --- What do you imagine ___ to him then? A has happpened B was happening C happening D was happened 15 --- Kate returned home yesterday. ---Really? Where ___ ? A has she been B had she gone C has she gone D had she been 16 ---Let's hurry.The President is coming. --- Oh, really? I ___ afraid that we ___ him. A was , had already missed B am, have already missed C am, will miss D was, was missing 17 --- Are you a visitor here? ---That's right..I ___ round the world and now my dream of coming to China ___ true. A am travelling,has come B was travelling,had come C have travelled, has come D had travelled, is coming
英语中的动词有时态(Tense)要求。所谓“时”,即动作发生的时间；“态”， 即动作的方式状态。“时”有四种：现在时，过去时，将来时，过去将来时； “态”也有四种：一般式，进行式，完成式，完成进行式。因此，英语中一共有 二.新课讲解 1.一般过去时（the Past Simple） (1)用法(uses) 表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的情况。如： He worked in a bank all his life. He discovered a desert island in the Pcific. The safari was exciting but dangerous. I knew what he meant. They always interviewed new employees on Fridays. (2)形式（form） 即动词的过去式，分两种情况，一种是在动词结尾加ed或ied，这种动词 称为规则动词，另一种不能加，形式多样，称为不规则动词。 规则动词： a.一般情况下，动词词尾加 -ed ，如： work-worked play-played want-wanted act-acted b.以不发音的 -e 结尾动词，动词词尾加 -d，如： live-lived move-moved decide-decided decline-declined hope-hoped judge-judged raise-raised wipe-wiped c.以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i 再加-ed，如： study-studied try-tried copy-copied justify-justified cry-cried carry-carried embody-embodied empty-emptied d.以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加 -ed，如： stop-stopped beg-begged drag-dragged drop-dropped plan-planned drip-dripped
动词的时态和语态用法详解 在英语中，不同时间里发生的动作或存在的状态需要用动词的不同形式表示出来，动词的这种不同 形式就构成了动词的时态。 英语中的时态按动作发生时间分为现在时态、过去时态、将来时态 二、常见时态的基本用法 1. 一般现在时：一般现在时是描述现在或经常性的动作性质或状态的时态。常和表示频率、时间的副词 （短语） always, every time, now and the n, occasi on ally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually 连用。 1） 表示经常性或习惯性的动作。 We have three meals a day. 2） 表示客观事实、真理和自然现象。 Kno wledge is power. 3）表示现在的情况或状态。 I live in Beiji ng. 4）表示已经“列入日程”的将来的事件，尤其指计划中的和安排好的将来的动作，这些动词往往表示“出 发，到达”等含义 的词， 女口， arrive, begin, go, leave, start, stay 等。 The train arrives at 10:30. There's ple nty of time. 。 考点一：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。 如: I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时；常用的引导词有：时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, on ce, the mome nt/the minu te, the day; 条件：if, uni ess, provided. If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon. 考点三：在 make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter 替一般将来时。 So long as he works hard, I don ' t mind when he finish 考点四：在 the more …the more …(越 ..................... 越 ... )句型中 在时。 The harder you study, the better results you will get. 2. 一般过去时：一般过去时表示过去发生的动作、存在的状态，或反复发生的动作，句中一般都有表示 过去具体时间的时间 状语。 1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或状态。 此时与表示过去的时间状语连用， 如yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1998 等。 +宾语从句，从句用一般现在时代 es the experime nt. ,若主句是一般将来时，从句通常用一般现
初二英语被动语态 1、语态概述 英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。 例如：Many people speak English. 谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。 例如：English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。 判断：看我上面举的例子，你来判断哪个是主动哪个是被动？ He opened the door.他开了门。(主动句) The door was opened.门被开了。(被动句) 说明：好了，现在我们对被动语态的句子形式有了一个形象的认识，但英语句子是千变万化的，这时就需要你有“火眼金睛”了。下面老 师就来具体讲一讲被动语态的构成。 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。 说明：别看英语中一会儿主动被动一会儿现在时一会儿过去时啥的，好像看得咱们眼花缭乱啦。其实呢，这么一堆东西归纳起来，就两 点：时态和语态。 一般现在时：am／is／are＋taught 一般过去时：was／were＋taught 一般将来时：will／shall be＋taught 现在进行时：am／is／are being＋taught 过去进行时：have／has been＋taught 现在完成时：have／has been＋taught 歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。 说明：那么，什么时候用被动语态呢？简单的说，凡是汉语中 带“被”的句子，都能转换成英语的被动语态。 三、被动语态的用法 (1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 例如： Some new computers were stolen last night.
初中英语时态语态总结 英语中一共有十六种时态，初中阶段主要学习和考到八种时态，主要包括一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在进行时，过去进行时，现在完成时，过去将来时和过去完成时。 一、一般现在时 1.用法: 1）表示现阶段经常性，习惯性的动作或存在的状态、特征或客观真理。常用的时间状语有often ，usually ，sometimes ，always ，every day ，never ，in the morning，every week/day 等。 e.g. I get up at six every morning. （经常性动作） He plays tennis once a week. （习惯性动作） The sun rises in the east. （客观真理） My mother is a teacher. She teaches English in a school. （现在的状态） 2) 在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。 e.g. If you don’t go soon, you’ll be late. 3) begin, come., go, leave, start, stop 等动词常用一般现在时表示按计划、规定将要发生的事情。 e.g. Class begins at eight in the morning. 2.构成： 1）主语是I, we, you, they和名词复数时作谓语的行为动词用原形。主语是he, she , it和名词单数时，动词使用第三人称单数。 2）主语为第三人称和名词单数时： 肯定式:S+V/动词的第三人称单数 否定式:S+ don't/doesn't +V+其他 疑问式:Do/Does+S+V+其他 简略回答:(肯)Yes,S+do/does (否)No,S+do/does not
英语动词时态语态 1. --- Oh, dear. I forgot the air tickets. --- You ______ something. A. have left B. are always leaving C. are leaving D. always left 2. --- I ______ so busily recently that I ______ no time to help you with your math. --- That’s O K. I can manage it by myself. A. have been working; have B. have worked; had C. am working; will have D. had been working; had had 3. Remember to send me a photo of us next time you ______ to me. A. are writing B. will write
C. has written D. write 4. He ______ at the meeting, but his heart attack prevented him. A. will speak B. is going to speak C. had to speak D. was going to speak 5. --- I beg your pardon, but I didn’t quite catch you. --- Oh, I ______ myself. A. am talking to B. talked about C. have talked to D. was talking to 6. I ______ ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the New Year. A. will play B. have played