1999对外经济贸易大学国际贸易专业英语试题
1. ASIA: ONE YEAR LATER
On the first anniversary of Asia’s worst recession in half a century, it is clear that the geoeconomic shape of the Pacific Rim will be far different from what anyone anticipated just a year ago. The fulcrum of growth is slowly shifting from a senescent Japan and stagnant Southeast Asia to a dynamic, confident China, President Clinton’s remarkable journey will likely mark this tectonicshift for future histories. Consider these events taking place: CHINA is choosing a strategy of pumping up domestic-led economic growth, in contrast with the International Monetary Fund’s policy of austerity and Japan’s weak yan-and-export push. By cutting interest rates, privatizing housing, inviting foreign investment, and keeping the renminbi stable, Beijing is increasing domestic demand and growth. Certainly, China shares many of the woes afflicting Asia-insolvent banks, lax regulatory enforcement, and corruption. Yet its vigor in attacking these problems and its decision to opt for a strong currency set it apart and show real leadship. Japan, in contrast, is stick in a hermetically sealed society. Despite the rhetoric of reform, its political and bureaucratic elites deny there is anything basically wrong and run the country as a pension state focused on an aging population. Problems are described as isolated , and solutions take an inordinate amount of time. Seven years into a severe banking crisis, Tokyo is just now passing legislation to create a Resolution Trust Corp.-type unit. Meanwhile, the unemployment rate soars to new records. Among men, who constitute most of thelabor force, it hit 4.3% in May, It is worse for the young. The jobless rate for men 15 to 24 years old rose to 8.4%.
Foreign investment should be pouring in to reinvigorate growth, but little is allowed. Mergers and acquisitions should be consolidating companies, but few are permitted. Immigrants should be arriving to give new life to society and support the elderly, but they are forbidden. Outside CEOs should be taking over failing corporations, but is not accepted. As much as China is invigorated, Japan is stultified. The contrast is startling.
SOUTHESAT ASIA is in agony. A huge nascent middle class is being pushed back into poverty. Depression is looming. Indonesia is deindustrializing, with people leaving cities to return to villages. Chinese merchants are fleeing(up to 100,000 have left). Overseas Chinese capital that funded much of Southeast Asia’s past three decated of growth is drying up.
1．一年之后的亚洲
很明显，在半个世纪以来亚洲出现最严重经济衰退的一周年之际，环太平洋地区的地缘经济状况形势和一年以前任何人预期的都相去甚远。经济增长的支柱已经由疲软的日本、东南亚向经济发展势头强劲、满怀自信的中国转移，克林顿总统的非凡之旅也将标志着未来经济架构的巨大转变。请看看都发生了什么事件：与国际货币基金组织节俭政策和日本弱日元的出口推动模式相反，中国正在选择发展内需拉动型经济增长，通过降低利率、房产私有化、吸引外国投资和保持人民币币值稳定等举措，中国政府旨在增加国内需求和促进经济增长。当然，一些曾经困扰亚洲破产银行的诟病、政策实施的不力以及腐败问题在中国也同样存在，但其解决这些问题的决心和维持硬通货的决定明显的与其他国家不同，显示出了中国领导者的风范。
形成鲜明对比的日本则依然封闭在自己的国家里，尽管进行了一些表面花哨的改革，但其政界精英们认为其基本政策没有错误，他们把这个国家作为一个注重老龄人口的福利国家来管理。他们认为存在的问题只是个别的，因此仅仅在这些小问题上推出零零散散的解决方案，没有一点连贯性。七年的之后，结果出现严重的银行业危机，对此，日本政府则通过了一项法规建立一个清偿债务信托公司予以应对，而此时，失业率也创造了历史新高。作为劳动力市场主力军，成年男子失业率在五月份达到 4.3%，青少年的情况则更糟，15岁至24岁年龄段的失业率高达8.4%。
在这种情况下，外资的注入应该能够重振经济，但是很少有外资被允许进入；公司间的购并能够达到整合的目的，可这也是不允许的；外国移民的进入能够缓解社会老龄化的问题，可这被日本政府禁止；引进外国首席执行官来管理落败的企业才是可行之策，遗憾的是这也不能被接受。在中国经济不断振兴的同时，日本则萎靡不振，差别之大的真是令人吃惊。
东南亚也处于一片水深火热之中。大批新生的中产阶级返贫，到处都是一片萧条。印尼的工业化发生倒退，导致居住在城市的人们被迫返回农村。华人资本家的商人们纷纷逃散（多达10万人已经离去）。过去三十年中，海外华人在东南亚的投资化为乌有。
2. FRAMEWORK AGREEMENT.
The Framework Agreement is made up of six parts that lay out the basic parameters of the GATS. The six parts deal with (1) the scope and definition of GATS,(2)general obligations, and disciplines of member states, (3)obligations and disciplines concerning specific commitments of member states,(4)a schedule for progressively liberalizating the world’s trade in services, (5)the institutional structure for implementing the GATS , and (6)miscellaneous provisions.
While much of the GATS is based on the provisions in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and uses much of the same terminology, the “architecture” of the Agreement is significantly different. Unlike GATT, which provides for a single set of the obligation that apply to all measures affecting trade in goods, the GATS contains two sets of obligations (1) a set of general principles and rules that apply to all measures affecting trade in services and (2)a set of principles and rules that apply only to specific sectors and subsectors listed in a member state’s Schedule. The consequence of this division of obligation is that the principles and rules in the GATS, as we shall see, are less “binding” than t hose in the GATT.
2．框架协议
框架协议由六部分组成，它们构成了GATS的基本内容。这六部分涉及到（1）GATS的范围和定义；（2）成员国的一般义务和规则；（3）成员国具体承诺的义务和规则；（4）各国开放自由服务贸易的时间表；（5）GATS执行机构的组成；（6）其他规定。
GATS很大程度上以关贸总协定为基础，大量使用同样的术语。但是，服务贸易总协定的体系与之不同。GATT对所有影响货物贸易的措施提供了单一的义务规范。与此不同的是，GATS对所有影响服务贸易的措施提供了两套的义务规范：一套是一般原则和规则，适用于所有影响服务贸易的措施，另一套原则和规则适用于成员国时间表中列出的具体部门和分部门所有影响服务贸易的措施。就像我们看到的那样，这种义务划分的后果是，GATS中的原则和规则比GATT缺乏约束力。
3. PURPOSES OF TAXATION
Taxation schemes are usually created for three basic purposes: (1) to raise revenue for government; (2) to encourage, regulate, or restrict local or foreign
investment; and (3) to protect consumers or local producers. The rationale most commonly used for adopting or changing a particular tax scheme is to improve revenues. For example, the multinational oil companies that discovered and developed the petroleum industry in the Middle East encouraged the local governments to impose a corporate income tax. Although this seems irrational at first blush, it was a sound financial move. The countries, rather than taking a percentage royalty on profits (which was the arrangement originally agreed to), imposed an income tax on profits at a slightly higher percentage. The result was an increase in income for both the companies and the countries. This was because the companies could use the taxes they paid to the Middle East countries to offset the taxes they paid to their home-country governments. (Royalties, by contrast, cannot-in most countries-be used to offset corporate income taxes.) This meant that the companies paid fewer taxes at home and, even though they were paying more to the host countries, their after-tax profits were large. A second example is the value-added tax (VAT), which generally produces greater revenues than a sales tax. In the last thirty years, some forty countries have switched to, or adopted directly, a VAT. By contrast, the most difficult tax scheme for governments to alter is one that protects local products. Producers are commonly able to lobby the government to maintain a particular scheme, even though it may run contrary to other governmental objectives. However, the protection of local producers is not necessarily a frivolous rational for a tax scheme, even in times of increased international trade.
3．税收的目的
税种征收通常有三个基本目的：（1）获得政府财政收入；（2）鼓励、监管或限制本地或外国投资；（3）保护消费者或本地制造商。征收或改变单个税种通常是为了增加财政收入。例如，跨国公司在中东建立和发展石油产业使得当地政府征收公司所得税。虽然乍一看这似乎不大合理，但是它是一个正确的财政举动。各国不是根据一定百分比对利润收取的矿区使用费（双方事先同意做出的安排），而是根据一个略微高一点的百分比对利润收取所得税。其结果是石油公司和石油出产国家的收入都有增长。之所以如此，是因为跨国公司它们向中东国家缴纳的税额抵消本国政府的税额。（相比之下，在大多数国家，矿区使用费不能用来抵消公司所得税。）
这意味着，即使跨国公司在东道国交纳了大量税收，它们在本国可以缴纳了较少的税收，因此它们的税后利润是巨大的。另一个例子是增值税（VAT）。它比销售税创造更多的财政收入。在过去30年，大多数国家大约40个国家转向招收增值税，或直接征收增值税。相比之下，政府不易改变的税种当属保护当地产品的税种。本地制造商常常游说政府保留特定税种，即使它不符合政府的其他目标。但是，就是在国际贸易不断增长的时代，保护本地制造商并不是税种存废的理由。
4. PAYMENT TERMS
Unless otherwise agreed in writing, or implied from a prior course of dealing between the parties, payment of the price and of any other sums due by the Buyer to the Seller shall be on open account and time of payment shall be 30 days from the date of invoice. The amount due shall be transferred, unless otherwise agreed, by teletransmission to the Seller’s bank in the Seller’s country for the account of the Seller and the Buyer shall be deemed to have performed his payment
obligations when the respective sums due have been received by the Seller’s bank in immediately available funds. If the parties have agreed on payment in advance, without further indication, it will be assumed that such advance payment, unless otherwise agreed, refers to the full price, and that the advance payment must be recei ved by the Seller’s bank in immediately available funds at least 30 days before the agreed date of delivery or the earliest date within the agreed delivery period. If advance payment has been agreed only for a part of the contract price, the payment conditions of the remaining amount will be determined according to the rules set forth in this article.
4．支付条款
除非经过书面同意，或双方以前的交易另有默示，买方应该在发票开出之日起30日内向卖方支付到期的买价和其他款项。除非双方另有协议，到期款项必须“汇到卖方所在国卖方银行的卖方账户上。卖方银行接收到相应数量的金额，买方才被视为履行了义务。”如果当事人同意支付预付款，而没有进一步对此协商，除非另有约定，推定此类预付款是指全部合同金额。并且应至少在商定的支付日前30天或在协议支付期限内最早的一天以现金方式汇到卖方银行。如果当事人商定预先支付合同金额的一部分，余下金额要根据合同条款的规定的规则支付。
5. TYPES OF DIVIDENDS
Cash Dividends. The most customary type of dividend is the cash dividend declared and paid at regular intervals depending in amount upon the policy of the board of directors and earnings of the enterprise. References to “regular” dividends in a charter or contract are considered as referring to a distribution of the earned surplus in the form of cash. While dividends are almost invariably paid in cash, in a few instances a distribution of earnings has been made to shareholders in the form of property and has been termed a property dividend. On one occasion, a distillery declared and paid a dividend in bonded whiskey. Stock Dividends. A stock dividend is a ratable distribution of additional shares of the capital stock of the corporation to its shareholders. It is reflected on the books of the corporation by a reduction in surplus account equal to the amount of the stock dividend and a corresponding increase in the stated capital account. The practical and legal significance of a stock dividend differs greatly from a dividend payable in cash or property. Following the payment of a stock dividend, the assets of the corporation are no less than they were before, and the shareholder does not have any greater relative interest in the net worth of the corporation than he had before except possibly where the dividend is paid in shares of a different class. His shares will each represent a smaller proportionate interest in the assets of the corporation, but by reason of the increase in the number of shares his total investment will remain the same. The declaration and payment of a stock dividend means that surplus which may have been previously available for distribution or other uses is thereafter frozen in stated capital. A stock dividend should not be confused with a stock split. By the latter, each of the issued and outstanding shares is simply broked up into a greater number of shares, each representing approportionately smaller interest in the corporation. A stock split effects no change in the stated capital or in the
surplus account. Where there is more than one class of shares outstanding it is possible for either a stock dividend or a stock split in one class to alter the relative voting strength of the different classes.
5．股利的类型
现金股利。最普遍的派息方式是定期公告和派送的现金股利，派送股利的数额依据董事会的政策决议和企业的利得利润。在公司章程和协议中所涉及到定期股利被认为是一种用现金形式对公司赚取盈余的分派。在曾有的几个案例里，当股利几乎总是用现金派发时，盈余的分发以物品的形式派给股东，冠以专业术语“实物股利”。有些时候，某个酿酒商会用保税仓库内的威士忌宣派股利。
股票股利。对于股东来说，股票股利是一种按比例对公司资本股票（即原始股票）进行追加股份份额的分配方式。它通过与股票股利数额相等的盈余的减少以及同等数额固定资本的增加反映在公司的账簿上。股票股利实际内在的涵义远远不同于现金或实物支付的股利。在发放股利之后，公司资产相对以前不会减少，除非股利有可能按照不同的等级发放，否则公司净值的利息差不会比以前更大。股东股份的每一份额都将代表与公司资产成比例的更少的利息，但是由于股份数额的上升，总投资都将保持不变。股利的公告与派发意味着原来用于发放或其它用途的盈余以后会被冻洁在固定资本中。
股利不能混同于股票分割。就后者而言，每一份发行和未决的股份会被自然地分成更多的股份，都代表在公司更少的利息。股票分割不会引起固定资产或盈余账户的变化。当存在超过一单位未决的股份时，对于无论是一单位的股利还是股票分割，来改变不同单位的相对一致的强势都是有可能的。
6. SAVING AND INFLATION
The greater part of the research, however, has been into the relationship between inflation and the savings ratio. Most of the studies have found a positive connection between these two variables, but there is some disagreement as to why the inflation rate should affect the savings ratio. One theory (Deaton 1977)explains the relationship in terms of consumers failing to perceive that actual rate of inflation. The suggestion is that consumers underestimate the average price level and are therefore unduly shocked at the apparently “excessive” rise in the price of particular commodities. Until such time as consumers recognize the true (and higher) level of average prices, purchases of these commodities will have been cut back in response to the assumed sharp increase in individual prices. Savings will therefore rise as a result of this “inflation surprise” effect. This theory suggests that it is unanticipated inflation that matters, so that the effect on consumption, and therefore savings, will be particularly strong in the early stages of inflation when the rate of inflation is accelerating.
A study by Bulkley (1981) has supplemented the above theory, showing that even if inflation is fully anticipated the savings ratio will increase as long as anticipated inflation is itself increasing. Even if inflation is fully anticipated, workers’ real wages will still have fluctuated throughout the year, since money wages are usually set on only one occasion in the year. Real wages will therefore be at a maximum when the money wage is first set, falling to a minimum a year later as prices progressively rise. In order to smooth out his or her real consumption pattern over the year, an individual will save more each week early in the contract
period, and correspondingly less later in the contract period. If inflation is constant, and if wage contracts are spread evenly over the year, then the additional savings of some will cancel out the reduced savings of others, and there will be no aggregate effect on the savings ratio. However, when anticipated inflation is increasing and with it the money wage, then the extra savings by those who have recently received higher wage awards will more than offset the reduction in the savings of those nearing the end of their nominal wage contracts, and the savings ratio will rise.
6．储蓄与通货膨胀
然而，通货膨胀与货币储蓄比率之间的关系已经成为研究的重头戏。大多数的研究已经发现这两个变量之间的明确关系。但是，至于通货膨胀率为什么会影响储蓄比率，仍然有人对此持有不同观点。一种理论（1997年迪特）解释这种关系在于消费者没能意识到真正的通货膨胀的比率。显示出消费者低估了平均价格水平因此对于个别商品价格的“过度”上涨而表现出过度的震惊，一直到他们意识到真实的（更高的）价格水平，以及这些商品的购买力，由于受假定的商品单价急剧增长的影响，将会大量削减时，他们才不会震惊。由于受这种“通货膨胀震惊”的影响，储蓄也会因此增加。这种理论表明；是不可预知的通货膨胀在起作用，由此影响了消费。因此，当通货膨胀比率正在加速上升的早期的舞台上，储蓄将会变的尤其强大有力。
巴克雷（1981）已经对上述理论进行了补充。他说，即使通货膨胀完全可以预料，只要预料的通货膨胀本身仍在上升，那么储蓄比率就会上升。即使通货膨胀完全可以预见，但由于货币工资一年内通常只设立一次，因此工人的实际工资仍会有波动。当货币工资首先确定时，实际工资的价值因此处于最大值；一年后由于价格逐渐上涨，其价值会跌落到最低值。为了使他们自己的实际的消费方式顺利进行下去，在货币紧缩的早期，个人每周便会储蓄更多的货币，而在货币紧缩的后期则会相对少一些。如果通货膨胀是持续性的，而且工资紧缩在一年中平稳的扩大，一些人增加的储蓄将会抵消其他人减少的储蓄，因此会对储蓄比率产生总体影响。因此，当预期的通货膨胀比率以及伴随着货币工资一块上升时，那么，最近那些获得更高的工资奖金的人们的额外储蓄将会比那些接近名义上的工资紧缩极限的人们由于储蓄减少而获得的补偿还要多，那么储蓄比率将会上升。
《会计专业英语》模拟试题及答案 一、单选题（每题1分，共20分） 1. Which of the following statements about accounting concepts or assumptions are correct? 1）The money measurement assumption is that items in accounts are initially measured at their historical cost. 2）In order to achieve comparability it may sometimes be necessary to override the prudence concept. 3）To facilitate comparisons between different entities it is helpful if accounting policies and changes in them are disclosed. 4）To comply with the law, the legal form of a transaction must always be reflected in financial statements. A 1 and 3 B 1 and 4 C 3 only D 2 and 3 Johnny had receivables of $5 500 at the start of 2010. During the year to 31 Dec 2010 he makes credit sales of $55 000 and receives cash of $46 500 from credit customers. What is the balance on the accounts receivables at 31 Dec 2010? $8 500 Dr $8 500 Cr $14 000 Dr $14 000 Cr Should dividends paid appear on the face of a company’s cash flow statement? Yes No Not sure Either Which of the following inventory valuation methods is likely to lead to the highest figure for closing inventory at a time when prices are dropping? Weighted Average cost First in first out (FIFO) Last in first out (LIFO) Unit cost 5. Which of following items may appear as non-current assets in a company’s the statement of financial position? (1) plant, equipment, and property (2) company car (3) €4000 cash (4) €1000 cheque A. (1), (3) B. (1), (2) C. (2), (3)
Lesson Three Comparing Civil and Criminal Law I.Discuss the following questions: 1.What are the two objectives of criminal law? 2.What is civil law concerned with? 3.What are the two main branches of civil law? 4.In terms of duties or obligations, what are the differences between contract law and tort law? 5.How many kinds of torts are mentioned in the text? What are they? What are the difference and relationship between them? 6.Are compensatory damages and punitive damages the same in nature? Why or why not? Why are punitive damages seldom awarded? 7.Is it justified to say that a certain person can file a criminal charge against someone else? Why? II.Read the text again and decide whether these statements are true or false: 1.As for criminal law, there is just one purpose: to prevent antisocial behavior. F 2.Prevention of bad behavior may be more the consequence of civil law than the purpose. T 3.The primary purpose of civil law is the compensation of those injured by someone else’s behavior. T 4. A agreed to lease an apartment from a landlord for one year and A paid the rent for one year shortly after he moved in. Half a year later A moved out for unknown reasons, and then the landlord had the right to sue A for breach of contract. F 5.Negligent tort has occurred when one fails to act reasonably and unintentionally injury someone. T 6.Many intentional torts are also crimes and this is where civil law and criminal law has much in common. T 7.Criminal law is concerned with the immorality of an act while tort law is not. F https://www.doczj.com/doc/5f10293164.html,plete the sentences below using the words or phrases given: undesirable; nonconformity; monetary; compensation; liability; restitution; tortfeasor; battery; fraternity; damages 1.The monetary system of certain countries used to be based on gold. 2.Civil law actually acts to prevent nonconformity to society’s behavior. 3.The court estimated the compensation in money for damages sustained by the plaintiff in the contract. 4.Since A has not breached the contract, he holds no liability for damage. 5.Restitution means the act of making good or compensating for loss, damage, or injury, or a return to or restoration of previous state or position. 6.If one at a party heaves a beer bottle and strikes another present either unintentionally or on purpose, he has committed a tort and he is known as a
第五单元 Directions: In this section you'll hear some short conversations. Listen carefully and choose the best answer to the questions you hear. 1. A. She is upset with her daughter's school. B. She has nothing for her to do where she is. C. She is starting her own company. D. She has a new job. 2. A. He's too lazy. B. It's summertime. C. He can't see them. D. They look good. 3. A. She didn't want to answer while relaxing. B. She didn't notice that it was ringing. C. She didn't want to leave her bath. D. She was asleep at that time. 4. A. The man wants to marry the woman. B. The woman wants to marry the man. C. The man and woman are married. D. The man's mother wants the two to marry. 5. A. The woman is cleaning the home. B. The man is inviting the woman to stay. C. The man and woman live together. D. The man doesn't want the woman to move. 6. A. On the street. B. In the woman's home. C. With his mother. D. In his own place. 7. A. The man has a title he fought for. B. The man only had a couple of days to train. C. The man is a boxer with an upcoming fight. D. The man has trouble when he trains for fights. 8. A. The woman is talking on her mobile phone. B. The woman wants to bring home some milk. C. The man has picked up some bread.
新版英语新课标试题及答案 姓名成绩 一、填空题（每空1分，共20分） 1、《英语课程标准》采用国际通用的分级方式，将英语课程目标按照（能力水平）设为九个级别。 2、基础教育阶段英语课程的任务是激发和培养学生（学习英语的兴趣），使学生树立自信心，养成良好的学习习惯和形成有效的（学习策略），发展自主学习的能力和（创新）精神，使学生掌握一定的英语基础知识和听说读写技能，形成一定的（综合语言运用能力）; 培养学生的观察、记忆、思维、（想象力）和创新精神; 帮助学生了解世界和中西方文化的差异，拓展视野，培养爱国主义精神，形成健康的人生观，为他们的（终身学习）和（发展）打下良好的基础。 3、《英语课程标准》（实验稿）规定小学英语的终点目标是（二）级，二级目标在词汇方面要求学习有关本级话题范围的（600-700 ）个单词和（ 50 ）个左右的（习惯用语）。 4、小学英语语言技能一级的读写目标，除了能看图识字，能在指认物体的前提下认读所学词语和能在图片的帮助下读懂简单的小故事之外，还有一条是（能正确书写字母和单词）。 5、我们平常说的英语“双基”教学是指（英语基础知识）和( 听说读写(基本)技能 ) . 6、对话课教学模式一般教学程序是（复习）（热身）（新知呈现）（巩固练习）（拓展应用）（发展提高）。 二、判断正(T)误(FF)（每小题1分，共10分） （T ）1、教学评价是英语课程的重要组成部分。 （ F ）2、备课就是写教案。 （ F）3、小学英语教学策略词汇课中呈现新知是情景导入和听音正音。 （T ）4、教师要充分利用现代教育技术，拓宽学生学习和运用英语的渠道。 （ F ）5、在已经普及九年义务教育的地区，小学生必须通过统一毕业考试才能升学，否则没有机会读初中。 （ T ）6、教师应尊重学生的人格，关注个体差异，满足不同学生的学习需要，创设能引导学生主动参与的教育环境，激发学生的学习积极性，培养学生掌握和运用知识的态度和能力，使每个学生都能得到充分的发展。 （T ）7、小学英语教学策略读写课的第三环节是阅读中活动。 （ F ）8、英语课程倡导讲授型的教学模式。 （T ）9、老师说：Draw a circle.学生画一个circle,这就属于课程标准里面谈到的用语言来做事情。 （F ）10、教学设计的好，教学就一定能成功。 三简答题：（30分） 1、英语课程改革的基本理念是什么？（10分） 一注重素质教育，体现语言学习对学生发展的价值 二面向全体学生，关注语言学习者的不同特点和个体差异 三整体设计目标，充分考虑语言学习的渐进性和持续性 四强调学习过程，重视语言学习的实践性和应用性 五优化评价方式，着重评价学生的综合语言运用能力 六丰富课程资源，拓展英语学习渠道。 2、《英语课程标准》中规定的英语课程的性质是什么？（10分） 义务教育阶段的英语课程标准具有工具性和人文性双重性质。就工具性而言，英语课程承担着
广东纺织职业技术学院2010～2011学年第一学期 《专业英语》期中考试参考答案 一、单词翻译（英译汉） titrimetric 滴定的analysis 分析 reagent 试剂titrant 滴定剂 flask 烧瓶oxidation 氧化 precision 精密度standard solution 标准溶液sodium hydroxide 氢氧化钠Equilibrium constant 平衡常数equilibrium. 平衡manifest 出现，表明equilibrium concentration 平衡浓度frictional flow 有摩擦的流动ionization constant 电离常数correct for 做……的修正molarity 物质的量浓度compressed gas 压缩气体neutralization 中和device 装置，设备plus 正的，加的elevation 海拔，地理高度neutral 中性的positive-displacement 正位移 meter 米，公尺，计， 表，仪表 reciprocating 往复的，来回的sodium hydroxide 氢氧化钠piston 活塞 external 外部的(常与to 搭配) centrifugal pump 离心泵，离心抽 机 in the absence of 缺乏……时， 当……不在时 rotational 转动的，轮流的 at the expense of 归……付费，在 损害……的情况 下 rotational velocity 旋转速度 compensation 补偿，赔偿stream 溪，川，流，一 股，一串，河流 specific 特定的upstream station 上游截面 streamline .流线downstream station 下游截面 二、单词翻译（汉译英） normal to surface 垂直于传热面discharge 滤饼卸料 correspondence 符合，一致ceramic 陶器的 momentum 动量，动力，要素filtrate 滤液 momentum transfer 动量传递opening 孔 random motion 随机运动，无规则 运动 colloidal particle 胶体微粒 diffused 扩散的configuration 构造，配置 adjacent .邻近的，接近的fluctuation . 波动，起伏 vibrating 振动的，振荡的atm(atmosphere) 大气压(1atm＝ 101. 3 kPa) bulk temperature (远离表面的)流vane (风车、螺旋桨等
2013-2014学年第二学期 华侨大学法学院期末考试试卷 考试科目：法律英语考核类型：A卷考试时间：120 分钟 学号姓名授课教师骆旭旭 (注意：所有的答案（包括选择题）应做在空白答题纸上) Exercise 1: Translate the following sentence into Chinese.(30%) The dominant purpose in starting the public enterprises had been public good and profit motive was secondary; however, of late the scenario has changed. With the liberalisation of markets the public undertakings are in direct competition with the private players and have to have profit motive in mind. If not, there have been criticisms by industry on the unequal treatment meted out to the private players. Here it is important to note the definition of "enterprise" under the Competition Act. It makes no distinction between a private and a public enterprise/undertaking. In fact it even includes a department of the Government which does not perform a "sovereign function". Functionally, the public undertakings have been broadly classified into four heads: ?Financial Institutions, such as Life Insurance Corporation of India, Reserve Bank of India, Export Credit and Guarantee Corporation Ltd, Film Finance Corporation Ltd, Unit Trust of India, Industrial Reconstruction Bank, etc. ?Promotional and Development Undertakings, such as Rehabilitation Housing Corporation Ltd, National Research Development Corporation Ltd, Food Corporation of India, Central Warehousing Corporation, National Small Industries Corporation Ltd, etc. ?Commercial and Industrial Undertakings, such as State Trading Corporation, Hindustan Machine Tools Ltd, Indian Airlines Corporation, Air India, etc. ?Public Utilities are those undertakings which render certain essential services to the people, like transportation, electricity, communications, energy, etc. The objective of such undertakings is to provide services to the community economically and efficiently and making profit is not the primary aim.
《大学英语》试卷及答案 学号：姓名：专业层次: 分数： 一．单项选择题（本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分） 1. The Business Banking Department is on_____C_______second floor. A. / B. a C. the 2. Maria often has a walk with______C______parents in the morning. A. she B. their C. her 3. There_____B_______four children in the picture. A. is B. are C. have 4. I’d like______A______oranges, please. A. some B. any C. / 5. ______B______does the flat cost a month? A. How many B. How much C. How about 6. I’m bad at spelling, but Jane is_____B_______than me. A. bad B. worse C. less 7. He______B______in Beijing, but his parents____________in Hangzhou. A. live, lives B. lives, live C. live, live 8. - I’m enjoying the long summer evenings. -____A________am I. A. So B. Neither C. Nor 9. I usually get up_____A_______7 o’clock in the moring. A. at B. in C. on 10. It often______B______in winter in the north of China. A. snow B. snows C. is snowing 11. —The second bedroom isn’t big enough. —Yes, I agree. It is______B______. A. small B. too small C. enough small 12. This is his book. Could you give it_____A_______him？ A. to B. with C. for 13. I’m interested _____A_______cooking. A. in B. to C. at 14. I’d like to_______B_____you to a party this Saturday. A. join B. invite C. leave 15. When_______A_____for London? A. is she flying B. she flies C. she is going to fly 二．阅读理解（本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）
英语新课程标准（2011 版）试题及答案 姓名__________ 一、填空（每空 1 分，共 20 分） 1、义务教育阶段的英语课程具有__________和__________双重性质。 2、在九级目标体系中，小学六年级结束时应达到_____级，9 年级结束时应达到____级。 3、英语课程的总体设计思路是：以________________和________________为指导，立足国情，综合考虑我国英语教育的发展现状，从义务教育阶段起，建立一个以___________________为本、系统而持续渐进的英语课程体系。 4、语言技能是语言运用能力的重要组成部分，主要包括_____、 _____ 、 _____、 _____等方面的技能以及这些技能的综合运用。其中____ 和____是理解的技能， _____和 ______是表达的技能。 5、英语语言基础知识包括_____ 、______ 、_______以及用于表达常见 __________ 和________。二、简答（每题 15 分，共 60 分） 1、简述英语课程的基本理念。 成绩___________ 2、简述义务教育阶段的总目标。 3、简述英语学习策略及其分类。 4、简述情感态度的二级目标。 三、论述（20 分）课程标准中的实施建议要求面向全体学生，为学生发展综合语言运用能力打好基础，促进学生整体人文素养的提高。请简述英语教学的教学建议。
答案：一、填空 1.工具性人文性 2.二五 3.科学发展观先进的课程理念学生发展 4.听说读写；听读；说写 5.语音词汇语法；话题功能二、简答 1.基本理念：注重素质教育，体现语言学习对学生发展的价值；面向全体学生，关注语言学习者的不同特点和个体差异； 整体设计目标，充分考虑语言学习的渐进性和持续性；强调学习过程，重视语言学习的实践性和应用性；优化评价方式，着重评价学生的综合语言应用能力；丰富课程资源，拓展英语学习渠道。 2.总目标：通过英语学习使学生形成初步的综合语言应用能力，促进心智发展，提高综合人文素养。 3.学习策略及 其分类学习策略指学生为了有效地学习和使用英语而采取的各种行动和步骤以及指导这些行动和步骤的 信念。包括认知策略、调控策略、交际策略和资源策略。 4.情感态度的二级目标能体会到英语学习的乐趣；敢于开口，表达中不怕出错误；乐于感知并积极尝试使用英语；积极参与各种课堂学习活动；在 小组活动中能与其他同学积极配合和合作；遇到困难时能大胆求助；乐于接触外国文化，增强祖国意识。三、论述英语教学建议： 1.面向全体学生，为每个学生学习英语奠定基础； 2.注重语言实践，培养学生的语言运用能力； 3.加强学习策略指导，培养学生自主学习能力； 4.培养学生跨文化交际意识，发展跨文化交际能力； 5.结合实际教学需要，创造性地使用教材； 6. 合理利用各种教学资源，提高学生的学习效率； 7.组织生动活泼的课外活动，拓展学生的学习渠道； 8. 不断提高专业水平，努力适应课程的需要。
一、Give out the full names for the following abbreviations(写出下列缩写词的全称)（15%） WAN__________________________________________________ HTTP__________________________________________________ NT____________________________________________________ CEO__________________________________________________ DBMS________________________________________________ ISP___________________________________________________ XML__________________________________________________ BIOS_________________________________________________ IT____________________________________________________ WWW_______________________________________________ 二、Match the following words and expressions in the left column with those similar in meaning in the right )（10%） 1. output devices a. 操作系统 2. silicon b. 扩展存储器 3. expanded memory c. 硅 4. database administrator d. 输出设备 5. operating system e. 汇编语言 6. assembly language f. 数据库管理员 7. gateway g. 数字图像处理 8. laser technology h. 网关 9. digital image processing i. 制造过程 10.manufacturing process j. 激光技术 1. （ ） 6. （ ） 2. （ ） 7. （ ） 3. （ ） 8. （ ）
1调卷令certiorari 2遵循先例：stare decisis 3法系legal family 4大陆法civil law 管辖权jurisdiction 地区法院District court 巡回法院circuit court 治安法庭Justice court 社会主义法socialist law 众议院House of representative 行使exercise 1司法审查judicial review 起诉资格standing 事实上的损害injury in fact 行政协定executive decision共同决议common decision 分权separation of powers 制衡checks and balances 成熟原则ripeness 招标bids 宪法constitution 1刑法criminal law 轻微违法misdemeanor 报税单bill of entry 主观上的过错mental fault 非预谋杀人manslaughter 抢劫robbery 加重的aggravate 绑架kidnapping 盗劫larceny 伪证罪perjury 1the county is the subdivision 2the doctrine ---the maxim 3the federal entity4the enforcement of a claim5statutes or codes 6tradition custom,and precedent 7commom people ,versus legislation 8stare decisis , Latin9legal relationships /legal concept 10judicial branch /judicial dictatorships 1in the precess of a court ascertaining2than to statutory interpretation 3dose not have the ''prolixity"/dose not provide a ready solution 4congress though its "power of the purse" /power as commander -in- chief 5c hecks and balances provided for in the constitution 6and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures 7has no standing to challenge 8the policy of elimination of racial discrimination In places of accommodation/and ending the badges of servitude 1it is punishable by sanctions 2Most crimes or identified in statutes 3punished through imposition penalities 4violation of a misdemeanor 5which were committed before that /enactment of the law 6grand a criminal prosecution7as well as its substantive law 8crimes classified as felonies include murder9 authorized federal jurisdiction 10one can be held criminally liable 1 it is to tell the defendant that 2In US jurisprudence, however 3the right to trial by grand jury/protection against government tyranny 4 The prosecution at trial has the duty 5against arbitrary imposition of the capital punishment 6in an entirely different punishment/prosecution and conviction 7 privilege against self-incrimination8a common assumption abou t the nature of criminality 9"unreasonable" government searches and seizures is stated 10criminal procedure is "adversarial" 1 single issue of law 2dismissed or a defense was lost 3state a claim generally 4adequately represent the interests 5"fairness hearing" 6(the "plaintiff")to file suit in 7violatio n criminal law 8applying substantive law to real disputes 9 on part is entitled to judgment 10common law remedy/ equitable remedies
模拟题四 第一部分：交际用语 此部分共有5个未完成的对话，针对每个对话是未完成的部分有4个选项，请从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并用铅笔将答题卡上的相应字母涂黑。 1. ---Do you mind if I sit here? --- _____A_________. A. Not at all. There is plenty of room. B. Of course. Do sit down, please. C. Never mind. I’d like to have some companion. D. Sure. I’d like to have someone to talk to 2. –Why do you always tell me what to do? To be frank, I don’t like it. --- I know, but _C__. A. I don’t like it either. B. How do I do for you? C. I just want the best for you. D. Obviously. You are right. 3. ----That was a delicious dinner. ----_D_. A. Thank you. Don’t mention it. B. You’re welcome. C. Not so delicious, I’m afraid. D. I’m glad you enjoyed it. 4. --- You are most beautiful in that red sweater. --- __C___. A. Oh, no. It’s just an old one, and I have had it for years. B. Yes. I think it goes nicely with my pants. C. Thank you. My mom knitted it for me some years ago. D. Oh, but I’m not sure if it suits me. 5. ---I missed Prof. Wang’s linguistics class again yesterday. ----_____C_____. A. Congratulations! B. How nice you are! C. What a pity! D. Have a nice weekend. 第二部分：阅读理解 此部分共有2篇短文，每篇短文后有5个问题。请从每个问题后的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并用铅笔将答题卡上的相应字母涂黑。 Passage 1 Many countries face a somewhat more serious economic problem in the form of an unfavorable trade balance with other nations. Such an imbalance exists when the total value of a country’s imports exceeds that of its exports. For example, if a country buys $25 billion of products from other countries, yet sells only $10
一、选择题 1、高中阶段的英语课程要有利于学生个性和潜能的发展。要满足个性的发展需要，高中英语课程就必须具有___________。 A、可读性 B、可选择性 C、可规划性 D、可发展性 2、新的评价机制采用形成性评价和终结性评价相结合的方式，着重评价学生的综合语言运用能力以及学生在学习过程中表现出的___________。 A、合作精神 B、自信心 C、学习兴趣 D、情感、态度和价值观 3、根据新课程标准，语言知识目标的要求，达到9级标准的学生应学会使用_____左右的单词。 A、3300 B、2400 C、4500 D、5500 4、高中英语课程目标以义务教育一至五级的目标为基础，共有四个级别，其中______ 级是高中阶段必须达到的级别要求 A、6级 B、7级 C、8级 D、9级 5、高中英语课程采取__________的课程设置模式 A、必修课 B、选修课 C、必修课与选修课相结合 D、自修课 6. 英语学习策略包括认知策略、调控策略、交际策略和资源策略等，其中__________是指学生计划、实施、评价和调整学习过程或结果的策略。 A、认知策略 B、调控策略 C、交际策略 D、资源策略 7.英语阅读教学的目的是：培养阅读策略；培养语感；特别强调培养学生在阅读过程中___________的能力。 A、分析问题 B、处理问题 C、获取和处理信息 D、快速阅读 8、英语教学中，必须开发和利用其他资源作为教材资源的补充、延伸和拓展，以体现课程的时代性，增强教与学的________和灵活性。 A、稳定性 B、连续性 C、策略性 D、开放性 9. 《高中英语标准》明确指出，五个方面的课程目标都围绕一个核心目标，即 __________。 A、综合语言交际能力 B、综合语言技能 C、综合语言运用能力 D、用语言做事的能力 10. 下面不是教材编写原则的是_________。 A、时代性原则 B、发展性和拓展性原则 C、科学性原则 D、创造性原则 11.高中英语每个模块学习时间约为__________学时，修完一个模块达到规定要求即可获得________学分。
法律英语证书（LEC）全国统一考试样题 试卷一 本题为单项选择题，限时180分钟。 1. Bill of Rights a. Domestic federal legislation. b. Legal protection against interference of rights by private individuals. c. A popular name given to the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution. d. The federal constitutional provision which grants rights to state governments. 2. Standing a. Abbreviation of “notwithstanding” b. The ability to bring a lawsuit because of a party’s actual injury for which the court can provide a remedy. c. The ripeness of a case or controversy. d. The status of a person, group, or organization appearing as a “friend of the court.” 3. Consideration a. Process of judicial deliberation before rendering a decision in a contested case. b. The lengthy recitals of “boilerplate”language appearing in many contracts. c. The inducement to enter a contract, and a necessary element to prove the validity of a contract. d. The detrimental reliance of an offere e. 4. Promissory Estoppel a. A failure to prosecute a civil or criminal action. b. Power to make an offer to the public rather than a specific individual. c. Equitable doctrine recognized as substitute for consideration in some cases. d. Ability of an agent to bind a principal in matters beyond the scope pf agency.