名词
表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称的词
中考考点
1．正确识别可数名词和不可数名词。2．掌握可数名词复数的构成。
3．掌握名词所有格和名词作定语的用法。
考点一不可数名词
不可数名词：没有复数形式，不可数名词前面不能用a/an。必须要记住的不可数名词：
液体类water，milk，juice，orange，coffee，tea，coke, ink, rain, wine
食物类meat，fish，chicken，beef，pork，mutton，rice, salt, sugar, porridge, bread
语言类Chinese，Japanese，English，French，German, Russian
材料类metal，paper，glass，grass，bamboo，cotton, silk, wool, wood, hair, plastic
其他类snow，ice，wind，sunshine，news，music，weather，money，knowledge，homework，housework, teamwork, help, information, rubbish(waste), light, medicine
2.不可数名词的量化表达
(1)借助some，much，little，a little，a lot of，lots of，plenty of等来表示。
如：much water，some orange juice, a little milk
(2) 借助容器来表示。如：一杯咖啡a cup of coffee，十袋米ten bags of rice
(3) 借助计量单位来表示。如：一张纸a piece of paper, 一片面包a slice of bread
3．既可数又不可数的名词
有些名词既能用作可数名词，又能用作不可数名词，但意义不同。如：
chicken—鸡(可数); 鸡肉(不可数) room—房间(可数); 空间(不可数)
fish—鱼(可数); 鱼肉(不可数) glass—玻璃杯(可数); 玻璃(不可数) paper—试卷，报纸(可数); 纸张(不可数) time—倍数，次数(可数); 时间(不可数) work—作品(可数); 工作(不可数) experience—经历(可数); 经验(不可数)
考点二可数名词
1．规则名词复数的构成
●一般情况加-s map→maps bag→bags year→years
●以s, x, sh, ch 等结尾的词加-es
bus→buses box→boxes wish→wishes beach→beaches
●以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的词变y为i, 再加-es
story→stories family→families party→parties
●以“元音字母＋y”结尾的词直接加-s
day→days key→keys monkey→monkeys
●以“辅音字母＋o”结尾的词无生命的加-s，有生命的加-es
photo→photos tomato→tomatoes potato→potatoes hero→heroes
●以“元音字母＋o”结尾的词直接加-s
zoo→zoos radio→radios kangaroo→kangaroos
●以f或fe结尾的词大多数变f或fe为v或ve，再加-s
knife→knives leaf→leaves shelf→shelves thief→thieves
2.不规则名词复数形式的构成
●改变单数名词中的元音字母
foot→feet; tooth→teeth; man→men；woman→women; policeman→policemen;
policewoman→policewomen; Englishman→Englishmen
●单复数形式相同Japanese; sheep; Chinese
●只有复数形式trousers; glasses; clothes; people; pants
●其他mouse→mice; child→children
考点三名词所有格
1．构成
(1)有生命的名词所有格的构成方法：
①一般情况下在表示有生命的物体的名词后加's。如：
迈克的汽车Mike’s car 我妈妈的生日my mother’s birthday
②以s结尾的复数名词只加'。如：教师节Teachers’ day
③不以s结尾的复数名词，直接在词尾加's 。如：儿童节Children’s day
(2)无生命的名词的所有格一般由“of＋表示无生命的物体的名词”构成。如：
我们教室的一张照片a photo of our classroom 一张中国地图 a map of China
[注意] 表示时间、距离、集体、国家、团体等无生命的名词也可用's构成所有格。如：今天的报纸today’s newspaper 世界人口the world’s population
2．特殊用法
(1)表示一件东西为两人或三人共有时，只需在最后一个名词后加's，后面所跟名词用单数；表示各自所有时，则需在每个名词后加's，后面所跟名词用复数。如：
莉莉和露西共有的房间Lily and Lucy’s room
莉莉和露西各自的房间Lily’s and Lucy’s room
(2)表示“某人家”、“店铺”、“诊所”等处所。如：
在李雷家at Li Lei's 在医生的诊所at the doctor’s 在药店at the chemist's
(3)双重所有格表示整体中的一部分，结构为“of＋名词所有格” 或“of＋名词性物主代词”。如：我父亲的一本书a book of my f ather’s
我的一个朋友a friend of mine＝one of my friends
用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空
1．We should learn from __heroes_ (hero)．
2．_Leaves_(leaf) turn green in spring.
3．_Teachers’__ (teacher) Day is on September 10th.
4．I think Jackie Chan is one of the most popular _actors_ (actor)．I like him very much. 5．The two _boys’_(boy) jackets are very new.
6．He is a friend of my __sister’s__(sister)．
7．All the _women_(woman) teachers are happy on March 8th.
8．My dream is to be a famous doctor and save patients’ _lives_(life).
9．Here are some _photos_ (photo) for you.
10．Those _policemen_ (policeman) are looking for the lost kids.
11. A good teacher is a good _listener_(listen). A teacher is there to listen to every student and help them out.
12．Here are five _bottles_(bottle) of _juice_(juice) for you.
13．How many _days_(day) are there in a week?
14．The dictionary is not mine, but _Xiao Zhou’s_(Xiao Zhou)．
15．Now people hope to eat healthily and begin to care about the_safety_(safe) of food. 16．How many times do you brush your __teeth__(tooth) every day?
17．Take a short rest after two _hours’_(hour) hard work, and you won't feel too tired.
介词prep.
介词不能单独使用，它要放在名词、代词或者相当于名词的结构前面。
中考考点
1．介词表示时间、方位、方式的基本用法。2．一些易混介词的辨析及介词短语的运用。介词的种类
简单介词：只是一个单词，如：in, on at.....
短语介词：两个以上单词集合而成，如：out of, because of, in front of.....
一．表示时间的介词
1）表示年、月、日、时刻等用：in, on, at
① at 用于表示时刻、时间的某一点
at nine o’clock; at breakfast, at lunch, at noon, at night; at first, at last; at present; at the same time; at the end of 1999; at the age of;
② on 用于表示具体某天，或某一天的上午、下午或晚上，或节日
on Monday, on Tuesday morning, on June 6, 1996; on Christmas Day, on time
③ in 用于表示周、月、年、季节和泛指的上午、下午或晚上
in the week, in May, in 1995, in summer, in the evening, in time, in a minute,
注意：当时间名词前有this, last, next, every等修饰时，其前面不用介词
this morning, last year, next month, every week.
2）表示时间的前后用：before after
① before在......之前
Wash your hands before dinner. （作介词后跟名词）
He will call me before he leaves here. (作连词后跟从句)
② after 在......之后
Let’s go shopping after school. （作介词后跟名词）
Please close the door after you leave the room.(作连词后跟从句)
3）表示期限用：by, until/till
①by 在....之前，截止到.....
He had read twenty books by the end of last year. 在.....底之前
She had left by the time I arrived. 在......之前
②until/till 直到......为止
We didn’t begin to watch TV until nine o’clock.
I will wait for him until he comes here.
4）表示期间用：for, during,through
① for＋一段时间（多跟表具体天数的数字名词）有……之久
We will stay in the city for two days. He has lived here for 20 years.
② during+一段时间（绝不跟表数字的名词）在.....期间
He lives with us during these years.
They are going to have a good rest during the summer holiday.
③ through 一直，整个（从开始到结束）
They played the cards through the night. He stayed in London through the winter. 5）表示时间的起点用：from, since
① from 从.....起, 常用于from.....to.....句型
From now on, I will learn English in the morning.
The meeting will be held from eight to ten.
② since自从.......以来, 后接时间点, 句子常用完成时。
She has been sick since yesterday.
The doctor has saved a lot of lives since he became a doctor.
6）表示时间的经过用：in, within
① in+一段时间，常用于一般将来时和过去将来时。
He will be back in five days. He said he would arrive here in a week. She went to America last May, and she came back after a mouth.
注意：如果用于过去时，用after+一段时间。
② within在......之内I must finish painting the cat within ten minutes.
二．表示地点的介词
in一般指在某个范围内或某个大地方,
in America, in the world, in the house,in the middle, in the street
at一般指小地方, at home, at a factory, at the end of , at the station
on ①在......上面，两物体表面有接触on the floor
②在.....边，在......地方on the river on the farm
above在...上方，高于below 在……下面
over 在.....正上方under在.....正下方
near /next to 在.....附近by 在.....旁边，距离比near要近
on the left of在.....左边on the right of 在...右边
in front of 在……前面behind 在......后面
opposite 在......对面around 在.......周围，环绕
between 两者之间among 在……中数目为三者或三者以上to:表示在某一地区之外的某方向（不属于该范围，且不接壤），如中国和日本；on:表示与某地的相邻关系，与某地接壤，如重庆和四川；
in:表示某一地区的某方向（在该地区范围以内），如中国和重庆。
China is to the west of Japan. Chongqing is on the east of Sichuan. Chongqing is in the southwest of China.
三．表示方向的介词
up表示“向上”,其反义词down表示“向下”；
across含有从...表面穿过的意思，表示游渡，乘船过海或过河时用across；
through含有从...中间/空间穿过之意，如穿过公园，树林等;
over表示“越过,跨过”；pass 表示“经过”；
along 表示“沿着”；from 表示“ 从/自.....地点起”;
to 到达.......目的地或方向
for 表示目的地，一般都有固定搭配leave for 动身去... .start for 出发去.... into表示有特定终点的运动方向；run into the classroom,jump into the water
out of 和into表示有一定运动方向; rush out of the room
https://www.doczj.com/doc/5b17717744.html,lie is walking along the road.
2.Simon is swimming across the pool.
3.Eddie is jumping over the chair.
4.A train is going through the tunnel.
5.Kitty is climbing up the hill.
6.They walked past a big tree.
7. .Amy is walking from the sofa to the window.
8. Sandy is going to the library. 9. I will leave for America next week.
四、其他介词
1）表示手段和材料
with ①和......一起；Many teenagers live with their parents.
②带有、具有；I sat down on the chair with holes in it.
③用某种工具或办法; Lily cut her hand with a knife.
He wrote the letter with a pen.
in ①用什么材料She wrote a letter in black ink/in pencil.
②用什么语言Can you speak in English?
③表示衣着特征Do you know the girl in red?
by ①通过.....方法手段；I go to school by bike/bus/train
②经过旁边；Do you go by that supermarket?
③逐一的; The students are examined one by one.
2)Without，as，like
without 没有I can read the book without using a dictionary.
like 像Nancy is like her mother.
as 作为He is famous as a singer .
3)against，about
against 反对He is agains t the plan.
靠着The teacher is standing against the blackboard.
about 关于Tell me something about your life.
各处He look about himself.
询问某人某物的情况What about you?
含有介词的重点短语
立刻at once 在晚上at night 在……的尽头at the end of 在……的开始at the beginning of 到达arrive in(at) 同意某人agree with sb. 以……开始begin/start with 擅长…… be good at 对……有害处be bad for 充满be full of
确信be sure of/about 习惯于…… be used to
对某人要求严格be strict with sb. 对某事要求严格be strict in sth.
忙于做某事be busy with sth. 因……出名be famous for
生某人的气be angry with sb. 对某人感到满意be pleased with sb. 对……感兴趣be interested in 与……不同be different from 以……为骄傲be proud of 对……感到厌烦be tired of
对有信心be confident in 迟到be late for
害怕be afraid of 缺席be absent from
赶上catch up with 依靠depend on 与……相处get along with 听说hear of
收到……的来信hear from 在某方面帮助某人help sb. with sth.
在户外；在野外in the open air 最后，终于in the end
及时in time 匆忙，急忙in a hurry
在阳光下in the sun 事实上in fact
处于困境中in trouble 当心look out
看look at 调查look into
寻找look for 照顾，照看look after/take care of 检查look over 期望look forward to
闯入break into 打断break off
放弃give up 分发give out
反对go against 继续go on
炫耀show off 住口shut up
遭受suffer from 起床get up
上车get on 下车get off
嘲笑laugh at 动身去某处set off
与…交朋友make friends with 步行on foot
在某人回家的路上on one's way home 展出on show/display
究竟，到底on earth 在……顶部on the top of
另一方面on the other hand 值日；值班on duty
偶然by accident 顺便问一下by the way
手牵手hand in hand 面对面face to face
肩并肩side by side 胳膊挽胳膊arm in arm 不时地from time to time 越来越糟from bad to worse 前天the day before yesterday 后天the day after tomorrow 一天一天地day by day 一步一步地step by step
从早到晚from morning to night 从头至尾from beginning to end
远到，就···而言 as far as 像……一样多 as much as
几乎，实际上 as good as 也，既又 as well as 对……友好 be good to 与....相处的好 be good with 对……有利 be good for 擅长…… be good at
体会下列句子中连词的用法。
1. Neithe r you nor I am wrong.
2. I’m sorry, but I can’t stay any longer.
3. Try your best and work hard, or you won’t pass the exam.
4. He not onl y plays the piano, but als o writes music.
5. We were having supper happily when the doorbell rang.
6. I’ll give you a r ing as soon as I arrive in Beijing.
7. Don’t come unless I telephone you.
8. If it rains tomorrow, we will put off the match.
9. He raised his voice so that everyone could hear him.
10. Wherever you go, whatever you do, I’ll be right here waiting f or you.
11. Why didn’t you catch the last bus as I told you to?
12. The result was better than I had expected.
13. I’m always worrying about whether I hurt her feelings.
14. Although they are twins, they behave very differently.
15. Since ev eryone is here, let’s begin our meeting.
连词
中考考点
1．并列连词and, but, so, or等的主要用法。2．常用的从属连词的基本用法。
定义：连接单词、短语、从句或句子的词。
分类：①并列连词：用于连接并列关系的词、短语和句子②从属连词：用于引导从句一．并列连词可用于表示并列、转折、选择或因果等意义。
1．表示并列关系的：and(和；同；与)，or (和)both…and… (……和……都), not only…but also…(不仅……而且……), as well as(而且，还，又), neither…nor…(既不……也不……)。1）and, or
My brother and I enjoy the swimming very much.
There is no water or air in the moon.
All the pupils rushed out of the classroom and went to play on the playground.
Every students wants to work hard and get into a good university.
I finish doing my homework and previewing our new lesson.
注意：祈使句+and+陈述句相当于条件句+陈述句
Use your head and you will get a way.= If you use your head, you will get a way.
2）both .....and .....
Both Tom and Peter are good players. 作主语谓语动词用复数形式。
She both play the piano and the guitar. and前后连接的词或词组要对等。
Susan can speak both English and French.
She can’t speak both English and French. 否定句表示部分否定。
Both you and I don’t like Beijing Opera.
3）as well as 连接两个主语，谓语动词用“就远原则”
The little girl is lovely as well as healthy. He was a great writer as well as a doctor.
She as well as I is very fond of English.
4）not only……. but also……. 连接两个主语，谓语动词用“就近原则”
Not only you but also she wants to go traveling.
Her little brother can not only speak English but also write it.
He lost not only his wallet but also his passport.
Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some.
连接两个分句，前句倒装，后不倒装。
5)①either………or…… 或者....或者...，两个中的任何一个
②neither…….nor….. 既不...... 也不....，两者都不
I will visit either the Palace Musume or the Great Wall tomorrow.
I will visit neither the Palace Musume nor the Great Wall tomorrow.
Either you or I am wrong. Neither you or I was wrong.
这两个连词连接两个主语时，谓语动词用“就近原则”
She doesn’t like either fish or meat. She like neither fish nor meat.
这两个连词的否定句均表示全部否定。
2．表示转折关系的：but(但；但是；可是), while(然而) yet(然而), however(然而)。
It is strange, yet it is true. He's a worker while his wife is a doctor.
She was very tired, but she kept working till midnight.
However, you lost a golden opportunity.
3.表示选择关系的：or(或者；还是；否则；不然), either…or…(或者……或者……；不是……就是……), not…but…(不是……而是……), otherwise(否则)。
We can go boating or go swimming in the weekend.
Is that an apple or an orange? Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train.
You can take a seat either by me or by the window.
Not you but your father is to blame. 连接两个主语时，谓语动词用“就近原则”
You must practice more, otherwise you’ll soon forge t.
4．表示因果关系的：for(因为), so(所以),therefore(所以)。
He was late again for the traffic jam.
He got up late, so he didn't catch the early bus.
It rained, therefore the sports meet was put off.
二从属连词用于连接主句和各种从句，多数引导状语从句。
1．时间状语从句。引导词有when, while, before, after, till, until, not…until…，since, as,as soon as，whenever, 注意时态搭配。
When I hurried into the cinema, the film had already begun.
My mother is cooking dinner while my father is reading newspaper.
They are going to play football after school is over.
Before he became an artist, he was a worker.
They didn't stop until they finished the work.
He has been interested in music since he was a kid.
Ring me up as soon as you reach Beijing.
The boy was scolded whenever he failed to pass the exam.
2．原因状语从句。引导词有because, since, as,for,now that。
I didn't go because I was afraid.
Since you are free today, you'd better take a good rest.
You had better stop here as it’s too late.
Now that you have already known the result, you needn’t wait here any more.
3．条件状语从句。引导词有if, unless,once,,in case, supposing, as long as。
If it rains, I'll go by car. You cannot succeed unless you work hard. Once she reaches Shanghai, she will call you.
In case he comes, let me know please. =Supposing he comes, let me know please. You can watch TV as long as you finish doing your homework.
4．结果状语从句。引导词有so…that, such…that。
It was raining so hard that we couldn't see the road.
She is such a good teacher that all the students like her.
5．让步状语从句。引导词有though, although, even though/if,
“no matter＋疑问词”=”疑问词+ever”。
Although/Though I got there early, I wasn’t able to get a ticket.
Even though/if you say so, I do not believe it.
No matter how (however)early I arrived, I wasn’t able to get a ticket.
Whatever (No matte what)happened, he wouldn’t say a word.
Whichever ( No matte which) dictionary you take, you must pay at least 20dollars. Wherever( No matte where)he goes, I’ll follow him.
Whenever ( No matte when) I visited him, he was always busy working.
注意：①疑问副词只能引导让步状语丛句，如which, where.
②当”疑问词+ever“引导名词性从句二者不能互换。
Whoever smokes here will be punished. Beggars will eat whatever they are given. Whichever he likes will be given to him. I will take whoever wants to go.
6．目的状语从句。引导词有so that, in order that。
I need to get up early so that I can catch the early bus.
In order that she could be heard, the teacher spoke loudly.
7．方式状语从句。引导词有as if, as though, as。
The old couple treated her as their own daughter.
The child talked to us as if he were an adult.
She looks at me as though I were a strange.
8．地点状语从句。引导词有where, wherever。
Can you tell me where he is now?
Wherever he goes, he always brings his pet dog.
9．比较状语从句。引导词有than, as…as, not as…as, more....than.....,the....the....。
She is as tired as you are. This is more than I can accept.
Come to my office, the soon the better.
三主句与从句时态一致的问题
在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句和从句之间的时态一致问题一般分为下列情况：1) 主祈从现：若主句是祈使句，那么从句用一般现在时表示将来。
Be careful when you cross the road.
2）主情从现：若主句中有情态动词时，从句用一般现在时表示将来
The traffic must stop when the light turns red.
3) 主将从现：主句用一般将来时，而从句用一般现在时。
I will visit my good friend when I have time.
If she comes here tomorrow, I will go to the park with her.
4) 宾语从句和状语从句同时出现。
I don't know if he will come. If he comes, I will tell him about the accident.
I don't know when he will come tomorrow. When he comes, I will tell him about the news.
(4)过去时态：若主从句都是在叙述过去的事情，则主从句可以用一般过去时或过去进行时。My mother was cooking when I got home yesterday. 昨天我到家时妈妈正在做饭。
介词 介词是一种用来表示词语词之间、词与句之间的关系的词，在句中不能单独做句子成分。介词分为简单介词和短语介词两种。简单介词即单个介词，如in，under，on，for，after等；短语介词指多个单词构成的介词，如in front of，instead of，far from等。介词短语与短语介词不同。介词短语指由“介词＋名词/代词等”构成的短语，如at school，by bus，on Sunday等，在句中可以作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语等。有些单词，既可以作介词，也可以作连词(作连词时，其后接句子)，如after，before等；而有些单词，既可以作介词，也可以作副词，如above，below等。 介词是中考试卷中的“常客”，从时间上看，年年都要考；从地点上看，每个地区都要考。考查介词的主要题目有：单项填空、完形填空、短文填空及句子翻译等。 一、对时间介词的考查
【例题】 1. I was born ______ December 17. This year I’ll hold a birthday party for it at home. A. on B. at C. in D. by 2. —Do you know Victory Day in China? —Yes, it’s ______ September 3rd ______each year. It tells the world that Chinese people love peace and hate wars. Chinese people will never forget the history. A. in; on B. on; / C. at; / D. on; in 3. For many Western people, they drink cold water even ______ winter. A. on B. for C. at D. in 4. —The charity walk begins ______ 9:00. Don’t be late.—No problem.
连词 (一) 正误辨析 1、［误］Both my parents are not here. They went to the concert just now. ［正］Neither of my parents is here. They went to the concert just now. ［析］在英语中both一般用于肯定句中，如用于否定句中，其意义也不同于汉语，如：Both of us are not right. 在英语中应被理解为"我们俩不都对。"而Neither of us is right。才能被理解为"我们俩无一正确"。 2、［误］He or his parents has some tickets for the film. ［正］He or his parents have some tickets for the film. ［析］由or 连接两主语时，谓语动词应与相临近的那一个主语保持一致。 3、［误］You should study hard, and you won't pass the exam. ［正］You should study hard, or you won't pass the exam. ［析］or作为连词，这里的意思为"否则"。又如：Hurry up, or you'll be late for school. 4、［误］Though he is poor, but he is ready to help others. ［正］Though he is poor, he is ready to help others. ［正］He is poor, but he is ready to help others. ［析］"虽然……但是"是中文中的常用结构，但在英文中用了"虽然"则不要用"但是"，用了"但是"则不能再用"虽然"，二者只可用其一。 5、［误］Either you or I are on duty. ［正］Either you or I am on duty. ［析］either…or 连接两个主语时，其谓语动词与相临近的一个主语相呼应，这也叫作就近原则。类似的用法还有or, neither…nor, not only…but also等。 6、［误］Tom is our English teacher and teaching English in our school now. ［正］Tom is our English teacher and is teaching English in our school now. ［析］并列句中常常在后面的句子中作一些省略，以免重复，但不是所有词都可作任意的省略的。当你连接的是两个系动词时，后面的那个系动词不可省略，也就是讲连接的部分不可省略。 7、［误］My father likes swimming and to collect stamps. ［正］My father likes swimming and collecting stamps. ［析］由并列连词连接的两个部分要保持相等的语法结构。如是动名词则都用动名词，如用不定式则都应用不定式，这是初学者要注意的一点。 8、［误］My father is reading a newspaper, I am doing my homework. ［正］My father is reading a newspaper while I am doing my homework. ［析］两个并列句中间不可用逗号连接，要用并列连词来连接。 9、［误］My father asked me that if I wanted to learn how to drive. ［正］My father asked me if I wanted to learn how to drive. ［析］宾语从句的连接词只能有一个不能重复使用。 10、［误］We will go both to Beijing and Shanghai. ［正］We will go to both Beijing and Shanghai. ［析］用both…and…作连接词时，其相连接的部分结构也要相同。 11、［误］Not only Mary but also her brothers is going to dance. ［正］Not only Mary but also her brothers are going to dance. ［析］由not only…but also…连接两个主语时，其重点在其后面的那一个主语，所以谓语形式应采用就近原则。
介词和介词短语 介词是虚词，根据意义可分为地点介词、时间介词、方位介词、手段介词和其他介词等。 1表示时间的介词：at, in, on, before, to, from, by, till, until, after, for, since 等。 2表示地点，位置，方向的介词：next, to, in, in front of, on , out of, at, above, over, into, near, between, under, up, across, by, down, from, around, behind, beside等 3表示原因，理由的介词：for, as, at, from 等 4表示方式的介词：on, in, by, with 等。 常用介词辨析 1．表示时间的in, on, at, after 1)in 的用法。 用于早晨、下午、傍晚。In the morning/afternoon/evening 用于月、年、季节等。In March, in 1986, in spring 用于一段时间后。In a week, in a year’s time, in two hours 2)on 的用法 用于具体某一天。On my birthday, on the morning of next Friday, on June 6, on Sunday, on New Year’s Day 用于描述性的时间。On a cold night, on a winter day 3)at 的用法 用于具体的钟点。At 12 o’clock, at half nine 用于固定的搭配。At lunch, at night, at breakfast, at noon, at Christmas, at weekends, at that time 4)after 表示在一点时间以后。After twelve o’clock 2. 表示的地点的in, on , at in at表示的是点。 in 3. 1） 2）指斜下方。 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 五月六月below under There will be two bridges over the river.河上将有两座桥。4.表方位的in, on, to.
初中英语语法介词知识点归纳 1.in; on; at用在时间词前,表“在” 1at + 具体时刻 2on + 具体某天(具体某天的上、下午等;星期词;以及上、下午词前有修饰词时 3in + 年、月、季节及一天中的某部分 但注意:at night= in the night at noon at this / that time at Christmas eg. 1.___ the morning 2.___ Monday morning 3. ___ a rainy evening 4. ___3:50 5.__ 2002 6.___ the morning of April 10 7.___ spring 8.___ night 9.___ this time 10. ___ March 另外注意:在时间词(morning , afternoon , evening ; Sunday…前有last, next , this , that 时,不再用介词. tomorrow, tonight前也不用介词。 eg. I will go(A to the cinema(B in(C this evening.
2. in , on , at 表地点: at一般指小地方;in一般指大地方或某个范围之内;on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如: eg. 1He arrived ___Shanghai yesterday. 2They arrived ___a small village before dark. 3There is a big hole ____ the wall. 4The teacher put up a picture ____ the wall. 3.in , on , to表方位 in(范围内;on(范围外且接壤;to(范围外但不接壤。可表示为下图的位置关系 eg.1Taiwan is in the southeast of China. 2Hubei is on the north of Hunan. 3Japan is to the east of China. cross: 动词“跨过,越过”=go across 4. across: (表面跨过 through: (内部穿过,贯穿介词 eg. 1Can you swim _____ the river? 2The road runs __________ the forest. 3 _____ the bridge, you’ll find a cinema.
一、选择题 1．I quite like noodles_________ my cousin doesn't. A．or B．so C．and D．but 2．I know her, ____________I forget（忘了）her name. A．so B．and C．but 3．I live far away from my school, ________ I have to get up early every day. A．and B．but C．so D．or 4．______ Lucy ______Wendy speaks good English, so they cannot communicate with these British students very well. A．Neither, nor B．Not only, but also C．Both, and D．Either, or 5．I really want to go back to my hometown, ________ I don't have time. A．if B．but C．or D．as 6．—Will you go to Nanjing by bus _____ by plane? —By plane. It is expensive ______ fast. A．or; but B．or; and C．and; but D．and; and 7．—Have you ever tried food in Singapore? —Yes.______ you like Indian food, Western food ______ Japanese food, you’ll find it all in Singapore. A．Either；or B．Neither；nor C．Both；and D．Whether；or 8．Is getting up late good____ bad for our health? A．and B．or C．but D．for 9．— Would you like some cakes? — No, thanks. They smell delicious I’m not hungry. A．and B．so C．but D．or 10．—Ancient Chinese believed that traveling ten thousand miles is as important as reading ten thousand books. —I agree. It’s just like the popular saying “Make sure that your body your soul（灵魂）is on the way.” A．both; and B．not; but C．neither; nor D．either; or 11．He ________ like baseball. ________ he likes football. A．don’t, but B．doesn’t, and C．doesn’t, but D．/, and 12．Get up early, John. you will be late for the class. A．And B．But C．So D．Or 13．－I like apples,_______ I like pears, too. What about you,Linda? －Well,I like pears _______ I don't like apples. A．and;and B．but; but C．but;and D．and; but 14．The shop isn't open, she can’t buy her favourite chocolate.
常用连词和介词 常用连词 as 1.一边.一边2.当...时3.因为as soon as 一…就… as(so) long as 只要 as(so) far as 据…所知as...as 像...一样 as-- 尽管 accordingly 因此所以although, though 虽然尽管After 在...之后 A as well as B 不但A而且B before 在...之前 besides 而且 because 因为，放在主句后。both A and B 既是A又是B but 但是，而是，的确…但consequently 因此所以either A or B 不是A是B even if 即使 even though 即使 else 否则 for fear that 以防万一
furthermore 而且 however 然而 hence 因此所以 however 不论 if 如果是否 in addition 而且 in order that 为了 in case 以防假使，如果 in that 因为既然 lest 以防万一 moreover 而且 not...until--直到...才 no sooner--than-- 一…就… not so(as)...as 不像... now that 既然 no matter(what, when, where, how) 无论(什么.何时,何地……) nor 也不 neither A nor B 既不是A也不是B not only A but also B 不但A而且B nevertheless 然而 once 一旦; 一度
初中英语语法大全：介词 介词是一种虚词，用来表示名词或相当于名词的其它词语句中其它词的关系，不能单独使用。介词可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语。介词短语可在句中作定语，状语，表语和宾语补足语。例如： The boy over there is John’s brother. (定语) The girl will be back in two hours. (状语) Our English teacher is from Australia. (表语) Help yourself to some fish. (宾语补足语) II表示时间的介词 表示“时间”的介词如下： 1.表示年、月、日、时刻等用at，in，on 2.表示时间的前后用before，after 3.表示期限等用by，until，till 4.表示期间等用for，during，through 5.表示时间的起点等用from，since 6.表示时间的经过等用in，within (1) at，on，in 1)at：用于表示时刻、时间的某一点 at noon正午时at night在夜间at present目前 at nine（o’clock）在九点钟 We usually have lunch at noon（at twelve）. 我们通常中午吃午饭（十二点吃午饭）。
(2)on：用于某天，某一天的上、下午（指具体的某一天时，一律用on）注意: 泛指一般的上午（下午）时用in，但特指某日的上午（下午）时用on。in the morning在早上 on sun day morning在周日早上 on Monday在周一 on Tuesday morning在周二早上 on June 6在6月6日 on May 4，1996在1996年5月4日 on a cold night在一个寒冷的夜晚 on the night of July（the）first 在七月一日的夜晚 We didn't listen to the lecture on Wednesday afternoon 上周三下午我们没去听演讲。 (3)in：用于表示周、月、季节、年，泛指的上午、下午、晚上。 注意: 在this，last，next，every等词前面不能再加介词。 this morning今天上午last Friday 上周五next Sunday下周日every Monday（week，spring…） 每周一（每星期，每个春季……） in the week在这周in May在五月in spring在春季 in 1995在1995年in September，1995在1995年9月
1.Christmas Day is ______December 25. a.at b.on c.in d.by 2.A big fire broke out _____the night of October 29. a.at b.in c.on d.by 3.They will stay in the mountain village ____two months. a.in b.for c.after https://www.doczj.com/doc/5b17717744.html,ter 4.He had learned 200 words_____the end of last week. a.until b.by c.for d.at 5.They will return these two books_____. a.after b.long before c.before long d.about two days 6.He will stay here for _____to help us. a.sometime b.sometimes c.some time d.some times 7.There is a bookshop _____the other side of the street. a.in b.on c.for d.by 8.There are many stars ____. a.in space b.in the space c.in sky d.in the air 9.There are some tall trees _____our house. a.in the front of b.in front of c.in the front d.at the back 10. Some boys are swimming____the river. a.on b.over c.in d.near 11.There are three windows_____the wall. a.on b.in c.against d.at 12.There are a lot of apples ____the tree. a.in b.on c.under d.behind 14.Japan lies____the east of China. a.in b.to c.by d.on
连词 (一) 1、［误］Both my parents are not here. They went to the concert just now. ［正］Neither of my parents is here. They went to the concert just now. ［析］在英语中both一般用于肯定句中，如用于否定句中，其意义也不同于汉语，如：Both of us are not right. 在英语中应被理解为"我们俩不都对。"而Neither of us is right。才能被理解为"我们俩无一正确" 2、［误］He or his parents has some tickets for the film. ［正］He or his parents have some tickets for the film. ［析］由or 3、［误］You should study hard, and you won't pass the exam. ［正］You should study hard, or you won't pass the exam. ［析］or作为连词，这里的意思为"否则"。又如：Hurry up, or you'll be late for school. 4、［误］Though he is poor, but he is ready to help others. ［正］Though he is poor, he is ready to help others. ［正］He is poor, but he is ready to help others. ［析］"虽然……但是"是中文中的常用结构，但在英文中用了"虽然"则不要用"但是"，用了"但是"则不能再用"虽然" 5、［误］Either you or I are on duty. ［正］Either you or I am on duty. ［析］either…or 连接两个主语时，其谓语动词与相临近的一个主语相呼应，这也叫作就近原则。类似的用法还有or, neither…nor, not only…but also 6、［误］Tom is our English teacher and teaching English in our school now. ［正］Tom is our English teacher and is teaching English in our school now. ［析］并列句中常常在后面的句子中作一些省略，以免重复，但不是所有词都可作任意的省略的。当你连接的是两个系动词时，后面的那个系动词不可省略，也就是讲连接的部分不 7、［误］My father likes swimming and to collect stamps. ［正］My father likes swimming and collecting stamps. ［析］由并列连词连接的两个部分要保持相等的语法结构。如是动名词则都用动名词，如 8、［误］My father is reading a newspaper, I am doing my homework. ［正］My father is reading a newspaper while I am doing my homework. ［析］ 9、［误］My father asked me that if I wanted to learn how to drive. ［正］My father asked me if I wanted to learn how to drive. ［析］ 10、［误］We will go both to Beijing and Shanghai. ［正］We will go to both Beijing and Shanghai. ［析］用both…and 11、［误］Not only Mary but also her brothers is going to dance. ［正］Not only Mary but also her brothers are going to dance. ［析］由not only…but also…连接两个主语时，其重点在其后面的那一个主语，所以谓语形式应
介词和连词考点归纳
教学过程 一、课堂导入 教师课前给学生几组词语，让学生对所给词语进行连词成句，以此来导入今天学习的介词和连词的考点。以此形式来激活学生的思维，使他们尽快进入学习状态，很自然的在听取学生讨论结果中我们进入了本课内容。如此学生画龙,教师点睛,共同协作,便顺利达到了教学目的。
二、复习预习 教师引导学生复习上节课所学知识点，（以提问、回顾的形式进行），针对上节课的作业进行讲评、订正、答疑。结合上节课老师布置的预习内容，明确课前预习的任务和目标，在预习的过程中：一是摘抄新旧短语和表达法。旧的短语和表达法一段时间不用，很快就会生疏，每一次复现都是一次有效的复习；二是摘抄典型句型，这样可以不断丰富我们的语言材料和语言知识；三要注意把预习过程中遇到的难点记录下来，以便听课的时候有针对性；四是预习笔记可以同课堂笔记合一，使课堂笔记成为预习笔记的补充和延伸。 三、知识讲解 知识点1：介词的分类与语法功能 1.【考查点】：介词是虚词，不能单独作句子成分，必须与名词、代词（或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句等）构成介词短语，在句中充当一个成分。 介词分为： 简单介词，如at、in、f or等；合成介词，如within、inside、onto、througout等； 短语介词，如according to、out of、because of、by means of、in spite of、instead of等。 双重介词，如from behind / above / under、until after等。 分词介词，如considering、including、judging(from / by) 等。
初中英语语法大全：介词 I介词的功能 介词是一种虚词，用来表示名词或相当于名词的其它词语句中其它词的关系，不能单独使用。介词可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语。介词短语可在句中作定语，状语，表语和宾语补足语。例如： The boy over there is John’s brother. (定语) The girl will be back in two hours. (状语) Our English teacher is from Australia. (表语) Help yourself to some fish. (宾语补足语) II表示时间的介词 表示“时间”的介词如下： 1.表示年、月、日、时刻等用at，in，on 2.表示时间的前后用before，after 3.表示期限等用by，until，till 4.表示期间等用for，during，through 5.表示时间的起点等用from，since 6.表示时间的经过等用in，within (1) at，on，in 1)at：用于表示时刻、时间的某一点 at noon正午时at night在夜间at present目前 at nine（o’clock）在九点钟 We usually have lunch at noon（at twelve）.
我们通常中午吃午饭（十二点吃午饭）。 (2)on：用于某天，某一天的上、下午（指具体的某一天时，一律用on）注意: 泛指一般的上午（下午）时用in，但特指某日的上午（下午）时用on。in the morning在早上 on sun day morning在周日早上 on Monday在周一 on Tuesday morning在周二早上 on June 6在6月6日 on May 4，1996在1996年5月4日 on a cold night在一个寒冷的夜晚 on the night of July（the）first 在七月一日的夜晚 We didn't listen to the lecture on Wednesday afternoon 上周三下午我们没去听演讲。 (3)in：用于表示周、月、季节、年，泛指的上午、下午、晚上。 注意: 在this，last，next，every等词前面不能再加介词。 this morning今天上午last Friday 上周五next Sunday下周日every Monday（week，spring…） 每周一（每星期，每个春季……） in the week在这周in May在五月in spring在春季
一、选择题 1．-How do you keep healthy? -I don't eat much meat, I do exercise every day. A．or B．so C．but D．and 2．We just need one of you for the game. you your brother can join us. A．Both; and B．Either; or C．Not only; but also D．Neither; nor 3．__________ Amy likes to go to the cinema, but she doesn’t like to see horror films. A．Since B．As C．Though D．不填 4．Mike does his homework and __________ to play football after school every day. A．goes B．go C．to go D．went 5．Don't run so fast, ____________you might fall over. A．or B．and C．unless 6．I know her, ____________I forget（忘了）her name. A．so B．and C．but 7．I don't want to buy the jeans because__________ the colour_________the size fits me. A．both,and B．neither,nor C．either,or D．not only,but also 8．-- I bought Granny a present, ＿＿＿ she didn't like it. A．but B．and C．or D．so 9．My brother will get up early tomorrow morning ___________ he must go to bed now. A．and B．but C．so D．or 10．The supermarket is far away from here, ___________ you'd better take a taxi. A．because B．if C．so D．or 11．I live far away from my school, ________ I have to get up early every day. A．and B．but C．so D．or 12．Mike is good at playing basketball ______Bruce does well in football . A．when B．until C．since D．while 13．Is getting up late good____ bad for our health? A．and B．or C．but D．for 14．My grandfather is over 70 ______ he thinks he is very young. A．and B．so C．because D．but 15．I quite like noodles_________ my cousin doesn't. A．or B．so C．and D．but 16．My grandfather is 85 years old. he's in excellent condition. A．Or B．And C．As D．So 17．I like fruit _________ I don't eat too much. A．and B．but C．because 18．—What do you usually do in the evening？
一、选择题 1．My best friend is now________China, so I want to go________China, too. A．in；on B．on；to C．of；for D．in；to 2．North Korea is________Asia. It’s________the northeast of China and________the west of Japan. A．in, to, on B．in, on, to C．on, in, to D．to, on, in 3．—What do you think your life will________next year? —My life will be________better than it is now. A．be like; very B．be like; a lot C．be; a lot 4．—Mary's birthday is ________ March． What about Lucy's？ —Her birthday is ________ December 10th． A．in；on B．on；in C．on；on 5．Jiangsu Development Summit was open _____ May 20th in Nanjing. A．on B．in C．at D．by 6．She is talented ________ music but I am good at sports. A．at B．in C．on 7．—What's the secret good health? —Eating healthy food and taking enough exercise. A．in B．to C．on 8．Jenny’s math lesson is________nine________Friday morning. A．in; on B．at; on C．on; in D．at; in 9．Taiwan is _________ the southeast of China. A．to B．in C．from D．on 10．The Qingming Festival of this year falls _____ April 5th and thousands of cars poured into high-ways _____ the early morning of the holiday. A．on; in B．in; on C．on; on D．in; in 11．If you can’t read the article, it will be meaningless to you. The –less in the word “meaningless” means . A．with B．without C．full of D．out of 12．It is reported that he won an award________Best Actor________his role in that film. A．as; in B．as; for C．for;for D．for; in 13．－What are they talking ________? －I am not sure. Because they are talking ______English, I don't know English . A．to; with B．to; in C．with; about D．about; in 14．Can you jiaozi English? A．say;with B．speak;in C．say;in D．tell;about 15．The Dragon Boat Festival fell ________June 18th this year.
一、选择题 1．---What’s your hobby ? ---______collecting balls, I also like different kinds of CDs. A．Besides B．Except C．Beside D．About 2．It is reported that he won an award________Best Actor________his role in that film. A．as; in B．as; for C．for;for D．for; in 3．The boy read English________every morning ________the age of ten. A．on; in B．on; at C．in; at; D．/; at 4．—What do you use the shelf ______? —I use it ______ books. A．to; to keep B．to; keep C．for; to keep D．for; keep 5．Which of the following(下面) is right? A．The boy begin to clean the room with his sister. B．In the Spring Festival, the children often get lucky money. C．How is weather like in spring there? D．You’d better not read a book in the sun. 6．—Do you know the girl ________ red skirts? —Yes, she is my sister. A．at B．on C．in D．to 7．—What do you think of happiness, Zoe? —I think happiness is a way station too much and too little. A．among B．between C．opposite D．beyond 8．The elephant is the only animal__________a trunk- a special long nose. A．For B．with C．to 9．—Mary's birthday is ________ March． What about Lucy's？ —Her birthday is ________ December 10th． A．in；on B．on；in C．on；on 10．My uncle has taught in this school________ he was twenty years old. A．after B．for C．until D．since 11．Taiwan is _________ the southeast of China. A．to B．in C．from D．on 12．—I feel sad from time to time.Could you give me some advice? —________ sharing your worries with your parents? A．Why don't you B．How about C．Why not D．Would you like 13．Thanks ______your family photos, they are very nice. A．to B．in C．for D．at 14．Can you jiaozi English?