2007 Text 3
①During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure had been transformed by economic risk and new realties.Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.
在过去的十几年里，美国那些曾经可以依靠辛勤劳动和公平条件以维持其收入稳定的中产阶层家庭被经济风险和新现实改变了。如今，一份解雇通知书、一个不利的诊断结果或者配偶的去世都可能在几个月之内将一个家庭从稳定的中产阶层家庭降格成为一个新贫困家庭。
middle-class adj.中层社会的, 中产阶级的
count on v.依靠, 指望
spouse n.配偶(指夫或妻)
1、During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities.
【译文】在过去的一代，美国的中产阶级家庭曾经依靠努力工作和平等公正以保持财政安全，但是却被经济风险和新的现实所改变。
【析句】句子的主干结构是the American middle-class family...has been transformed by economic risk and new realities，family后接一个定语从句。
【讲词】generation指一代人，一般为20年。
count on表示"指望，依靠"，例如：You can count on my help.（你可以指望得到我的帮助。）
fair play原是体育用语，意为"公平比赛"，转义指"公正的待遇"或"公平竞赛的条件"。
secure作形容词表示"安全的,可靠的,放心的,无虑的"。
transform意为"转变；转换；变形"，其名词是transformation。
In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. ②Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. Today’s families have budgeted to the limits of theirs new two-paycheck status. ③As a result, they have lost the parachuted they once had in times of financial setback – a back-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. ④This “added-worker effect” could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times.But today, a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner.
在仅仅一代人的时间里，数百万母亲出去工作，改变了基本的家庭经济状况。学者、决策者以及各类批评人士对这些变化的社会意义争论不休，但是，很少有人关注这些变化的副作用：家庭的风险增加了。如今的家庭根据其新的双收入限度安排开支。因此，它们失去了它们在经济萧条时期曾经有过的缓解举措——一个后备挣钱者（通常是妈妈），如果家庭的主要挣钱者失业了或者病倒了，她可以出去工作。这种“额外工人效应”可以支撑失业保险或残疾保险提供的安全网，以便帮助家庭渡过难关。但现在，家庭财产的损失再也不可能通过呆在家里的其他伴侣的额外收入弥补了。
debate v. n.争论, 辩论
【巧】debate=de（强调）+ bat（打）+e→辩论
【联】combat（v.n.战斗，格斗）←com一起+bat。
【例】Debate is the best catalyst of thought.争论是思想最好的催化
implication n.牵连, 含意, 暗示
【巧】im + plic（fold）+ation→implication（话没有明着说出来）
【例】What’s the implication of the statement.这份声明的含义是什么？
parachute n.降落伞
setback n.挫折, 退步, 逆流
unemployment insurance失业保险
disability insurance残废保险
disruption n.中断, 瓦解, 破坏
【记】disrupt v. 使中断,使瓦解, 使陷于混乱, 破坏
【例】market disruption市场混乱；environmental disruption 公害, 环境失调；The state was in disruption.国家处于分崩离析之中。
2、Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well.
【译文】学者、政策制定者和各行各业的批评者对这些变化的社会意义进行了辩论，但是几乎没有人关注次要的影响：家庭风险也增加了。
【析句】全句是一个转折句，冒号之后的成分是一个完整的句子，作the side effect的同位语。
【讲词】stripe意为"斑纹,条纹"，all stripes意为all walks（各行各业）。
implication表示"牵连，涉及；含意；暗示"，如：his implication in the crime（他涉及这起罪行）。It is important to consider the wider implications of making such a decision.（很有必要考虑作出这一决定的深远意义。）implication的动词是implicate。
side effect通常表示药物等的副作用，在句中表示"次要的影响"。
3、As a result,they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback-a back-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick.
【译文】因此，他们已经失去了经济困难时曾有的保障，即家中主要的挣钱人一旦失业或生病，预备挣钱人（通常是妈妈）可以加入劳动大军。
【析句】as a result作状语，表示某种结果。a back-up earner (usually Mom)在句中作the parachute 的同位语，后面接一个定语从句。
【讲词】parachute的字面意思是"降落伞"，但在句中表示"保障"。
setback意为"挫折"，financial setback表示财政或经济上的困难。
primary意为"主要的；首要的"，跟major，main等意思相近。如要表示"次要的"，英文是secondary。earner在句中指wage earner，即挣钱人。
workforce指"就业大军；劳动力（工人的总数）"。
lay off意为"失业"。
4、This"added-worker effect" could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times.
【译文】这种"附加工人效应"可以支持失业保险或残疾保险所提供的保障制度，以帮助家庭渡过困难时期。
【析句】句子的主干是This"added-worker effect" could support the safety net，过去分词offered 引导的结构作定语修饰the safety net。
【讲词】add意为"增加"，added可以表示"附加的"，如：added value（附加值，净增值）。
safety net指社会保障制度。
unemployment insurance指"失业保险"，disability insurance指"残疾保险"。
weather在句中作动词，表示"抵御；承受；平安渡过"，如：weather a crisis（渡过危机）。
bad times意为"坏时光；艰苦的日子"，其反义词是good times。
During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income.⑤Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. ⑥For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social
Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families the picture is not any better. ⑦Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen –and newly fashionable health-saving plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families’ future healthcare.
⑧Even demographics are working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a weak elderly parent – and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance – have jumped eightfold in just one generation.
在同一时期，要求家庭在其退休收入中承担更多风险。钢铁厂的工人、航空公司的职员以及汽车产业工人加入了数百万不得不担心利率、股市波动以及可能比其退休收入存在时间更长的严酷现实家庭。在去年的大部分时间里，布什总统一直致力于将社会保险体制转变成一种储蓄存款账户模式，要求退休人员将其大多数或所有保障报酬用来交换依靠投资回报所得的报酬。对于更年轻的家庭来说，前景不容乐观。卫生保健和家庭承担份额的绝对成本都上涨了——而且，最近实施的健康储蓄计划正在从立法机关扩展到沃尔玛员工，包含大量更高的减免，并且给家庭未来的卫生保健带来许多新投资风险。甚至人口统计状况也对中产阶层家庭不利，因为有一个体弱、年迈的父母——以及由此而产生的所有物资和经济援助——就在仅仅一代人的时间里增长了8倍。
5、Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money.
【译文】钢铁工人、航空公司的雇员，以及在汽车工业中就业的人，他们现在和数百万的家庭一样，必须操心利率和股票市场的升降，担心他们的退休金不够用的严峻现实。
【析句】句子的主干结构是Steelworkers...are joining millions of families，families后面跟一个定语从句。而在定语从句中，主语是who，谓语是worry about，宾语是interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the hash reality。that they may outlive their retirement money是一个定语从句，修饰the harsh reality。
【讲词】worry about表示"操心；担心"。
interest rates指"利率"，stock market指"股票市场"，fluctuation指股票市场的波动，retirement money指"退休金"。
outlive意为"比......长命；比......耐久；经受住"，如：This regulation has outlived its usefulness.（这一规则没用却仍然存在。）
6、For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to
a savings-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns.
【译文】在过去的大部分时间中，布什总统推行社会保障制度的改革，力图把它变成储蓄帐户的模式，让退休人员拿出大部分或所有的确定付款，以换取依赖于投资回报的付款。
【析句】句子的主干结构是President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a savings-account model，介词with所接的成分作状语，说明储蓄帐户模式。
【讲词】campaign作名词表示"竞选；战役；政治或商业的活动"，作动词表示"打仗；竞选；开展某种活动"，如：campaigned for human rights（开展人权运动）。
social security指"社会保障（制度）"。
guarantee意为"保证"，如：The government guaranteed to free the captives.（政府保证释放俘虏。）guarantee freedom of speech（保证言论自由）。
7、Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have
risen-and newly fashionable health savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families future healthcare.
【译文】绝对医疗保险费用和家庭所承担的（部分）费用均已经上涨，而新型的医疗储蓄计划正从立法机构推广开来，（甚至）涵盖沃尔玛超市的工人，这一计划出现了更多的扣除条款，并给家庭未来的医疗保险又增加了一笔很大的投资风险。
【析句】全句包括两个并列分句，介词with所引导的成分说明newly fashionable health-savings plan 的内容，一是更高的扣除条款（就像保险公司的做法一样，广告上说大病保险，但实际上所谓的大病并不是所有的"大病"，保险合同中的扣除条款太多），一是增加了一笔很大的投资风险（缴纳的医疗保险费用被拿去投资）。
【讲词】absolute意为"绝对的"，反义词是relative。
healthcare（医疗保险），health-savings（医疗储蓄，类似中国的医保卡），legislative halls（立法机构，在美国指国会）。
deductible"可减免的，可扣除的"，文中指"保险合同的扣除条款"。
dose作名词表示"剂量；(一)服"，作动词表示"服药"。a dose of表示"一定量的"。
⑨From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind.
从中产阶层家庭的角度来看，大多数情况是可以理解的，这根本不像一种发挥更多支付能力的机会，而是像一种将经济风险大规模转向那些已经负担过重的家庭的令人恐惧的加速行为。经济副作用已经开始，政治副作用可能也将开始。
8、Even demographics are working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a weak elderly parent-and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance-have jumped eightfold in just one generation.
【译文】甚至人口分布的数据也与中产阶级家庭作对，因为家中有一位体弱高龄的父亲或母亲的可能性在仅仅一代人的时间里增加了8倍，照顾家中的老人就需要体力和财力的付出。
absorb vt.吸收, 吸引
【记】be absorbed in= concentrate on=集中
【例】This job absorbs all of my time. 这件工作占用了我的全部时间。
retirement income退休收入
stock market n.股票市场
fluctuation n.波动, 起伏
【记】fluctuate vi.波动, 动摇vt.使动摇, 使波动, 使起伏
【例】fluctuation in the exchange rates兑换率的波动；fluctuation of temperature 温度的变动Harsh adj.粗糙的；刺耳的；严厉的
【例】harsh terms苛刻的条件；a harsh climate 令人难受的气候；harsh to the taste 味涩outlive v.比...长命, 比...耐久,渡过…而存在,经受住
【例】The ship outlived the storm.这只船从暴风雨中脱险了。
legislative adj.立法的, 立法机关的n.立法机关
deductible adj.可扣除的
【记】deduct vt. 扣除, 演绎
demographic adj.人口统计学的
odds n.可能的机会, 成败的可能性, 优势, 不均, 不平等, 几率, 差别
【析句】全句是一个复合句，主句是Even demographics are working against the middle class family，as所引导的从句表示原因。两个破折号之间的成分和a weak elderly parent一样作having 的宾语。
【讲词】demographics"人口统计状况，人口分布数据"。
work against表示"与......作对"。
odds意为"成败的机率或可能；几率；差别"，句中的意思是possibility。又如：The odds are that she will get the nomination on the first ballot.（她在第一轮选票中获得提名的可能性大。）at odds意为"争执；意见冲突"，by all odds表示"毫无疑问地"。
9、From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders.
【译文】从中产阶级家庭的角度来看，不难理解，这在很大程度上看上去不大像是承担更多的经济责任，而更像是加速把大部分的经济风险转移到已经负担过重的肩膀上，这种情况确实让人感到恐惧。
perspective n.透视画法, 透视图, 远景, 前途, 观点, 看法, 观点, 观察
【例】see thing in perspective正确地观察事物；a perspective of lakes and hills湖山远景
acceleration n.加速度
【巧】ac（加强前缀）+celer（速度）+ation（名词后缀）
【反】deceleration减速：de向下+celer+ation。
【例】abrupt acceleration 突然加速
wholesale n.批发, 趸售adj.批发的, [喻] 大规模的
【例】wholesale prices 批发价格；a wholesale slaughter 大屠杀wholesale westernization“全盘西化”
overburden vt.装载过多, 负担过多, 使过劳n.过重的负担
【例】The trees are overburdened with fruit. 树上果实累累, 压得树枝都弯了。
fallout n.辐射微尘, 原子尘, 附带结果
【析句】此句的主语是much of this，谓语是looks...like，介词like有两个宾语：an opportunity和a frightening acceleration。不定式结构to exercise... 修饰opportunity，of介词结构（of the wholesale shift of financial risk）修饰acceleration，onto介词结构（onto their already overburdened shoulders）作shift的逻辑状语。
【讲词】perspective意思较多，如"透视画法；远景；前途；观点；视角"。
exercise作动词，表示"承担"。所谓承担经济责任，即要往外掏钱。
acceleration意为"加速"，其动词是accelerate。
wholesale可作名词、动词、形容词和副词，意为"批发；大量地，成批地；大量的，成批的"。overburden作动词意为"装载过多；负担过多"，作名词表"过重的负担"。overburdened表"负担过重的"。
31. Today’s double-income families are at greater financial risk in that
[A] the safety net they used to enjoy has disappeared.
[B] their chances of being laid off have greatly increased.
[C] they are more vulnerable to changes in family economics.
[D] they are deprived of unemployment or disability insurance.
31.[C]细节事实题为什么今天的双职工家庭会面临更大的经济风险?根据原文第二段第四、五、六句可知选项[C]“他们更易于受到家庭经济变化的影响”是原文的同义替换，故为正确答案。选项[A]讲“过去的安全网已经消失了”。disappear是一个文中未提及的信息;选项[B]“被解雇的机会增加”属于答非所问;选项[D]“他们不能享受失业保险”与原文第五句中的“support”，明显相反。（注意：这个解释不怎么好。）
［解析］本文提到了美国中产阶级家庭，因国家经济衰落而要面临的巨大风险。本题目问："今日这种夫妻双收入家庭会面临更大的财务风险是因为什么原因？"我们从前两段中可以看出：由于经济原因现在的夫妻双方都要出去找工作。这样，原来妻子在家里操持家务，同时万一丈夫生了病或者失业了也可以出去找工作以帮助家庭渡过难关的这把保险伞就没有了。所以选C。
32. As a result of President Bush’s reform, retired people may have
[A] a higher sense of security.
[B] less secured payments.
[C] less chance to invest.
[D] a guaranteed future.
32.[B]细节事实题。由于布什总统的改革，退休职工可能会如何?根据题干中的布什总统定位到原文第三段。根据第二段第四句“For younger.families, the picture is not any better.年轻家庭日子也不会好过”，既然年轻人日子也不好过，马上得知退休职工日子不好过。选项[B]“安全性变差”与原文意思相符。选项[A]“更有安全感”和选项[D]“将来有保证”都说明退休职工过得好，与原文意思相反;选项[C]“更少的投资机会”文中未提及退休职工是否投资。（注意：这个解释不怎么好。）
［解析］众所周知，钱存在银行比较保险可以稳定拿利息，但是把钱投入股市或者用于创业风险要大很多，但一旦获益也比存银行要强很多。在去年的大多数时间里，布什总统一直致力于将社会保险体制转变成一种储蓄存款账户模式--要求退休人员将其大多数或全部有保障的收入变成必须依靠投资收益的收入。对于略为年轻的家庭来说，情况也好不到哪去。医疗的绝对费用和家庭必须承担的份额都在上升。这说明，退休人员的可靠收入可能更少。因此［B］为正确选项。
冯卓个人解释，解题的关键是“not any better”, any better是好一些的意思，“年轻的比（退休的）也不会好一些”，向上推得到意思“退休的人遭遇不好”。
33. According to the author, health-savings plans will
[A] help reduce the cost of healthcare.
[B] popularize among the middle class.
[C] compensate for the reduced pensions.
[D] increase the families’ investment risk.
33.[D]细节事实题。根据作者观点，健康储蓄账户计划如何?选项[A]“有利于减少健康护理的成本”属于对词义的曲解，文中saving指的是“储蓄账户”，而非“减少成本”的概念;选项[B]“在中产阶级中非常普及”这一信息在文中未提及;原文第三段第三句中“their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns”既然取决于投资，那么肯定是具有不确定性的，因此与选项[C]“补偿减少的养老金”意义相反;而选项[D]“增加了家庭投资的不确定性”是原文的同义替换。［解析］本题仍应从第三段中找，因为34题问"从末段中可以看出：？"因此，本题应在末段前的这一段内，本段提到了：
据此，我们判断可以选D。选项A、C原文均未提及。至于B（医疗费用节约计划将在）中产阶级中间得以推广与原文不符。原文谈到：医疗费用节约计划正在从上层立法院大厅到底层沃尔玛超市的员工之间广泛的铺开。
34. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that
[A] financial risks tend to outweigh political risks.
[B] the middle class may face greater political challenges.
[C] financial problems may bring about political problems.
[D] financial responsibility is an indicator of political status.
34.[C]推理题。从最后一段，我们推断出什么?根据选项，很明确应该对应原文末句“The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind.经济上的副作用已经显现，那政治上的副作用可能也不远了。”选项[A]“经济风险加剧了政治风险”与原文意思相反;选项[B]“中产阶级会面临更大
的政治挑战”是一个无中生有的比较;选项[D]“经济责任心是政治身份的象征”，其中的“responsibility和status”是文中没有出现过的概念。选项[C]“经济问题可能引发政治问题”为原文的同义替换。［解析］本题问"从末段可以看出什么？"我们仅从末段末句的总结中可看出作者想说的是：（美国）经济滑落已经开始了，那政治上的跌落可能不是很远了吧。
35. Which of the following is the best title for this text?
[A] The Middle Class on the Alert
[B] The Middle Class on the Cliff
[C] The Middle Class in Conflict
[D] The Middle Class in Ruins
35.[B]主旨题。文章最好的标题是什么?选项[A] "on the Alert警告”，既然是警告，说明问题还没出现，与原文意义相反;选项[C] "in Conflict冲突”，文章中没有讲过冲突的概念;选项[D]"in Ruins毁灭”说明中产阶级已经崩溃，与原文不符。选项[B] "on the Cliff岌岌可危”符合原文，选项[B]为正确答案。
2007年考研英语阅读理解部分翻译真题译文+题目翻译 但为君故 但为君故 整理组
Text 1 如果你打算在2006年世界杯锦标赛上调查所有足球运动员的出生证明，那么你很有可能发现一个引人注目的巧合：优秀足球运动员更可能出生于每年的前几个月而不是后几个月。如果你接着调查世界杯和职业比赛的欧洲国家青年队的话，那么你会发现这一奇怪的现象甚至更明显。 什么可以解释这一奇怪的现象呢？下面是一些猜测：a）某种占星术征兆使人具备更高的足球技能；b）冬季出生的婴儿往往具有更高的供氧能力，这增加了踢足球的持久力；c）热爱足球的父母更可能在春季（每年足球狂热的鼎盛时期）怀孕；d）以上各项都不是。 58岁的安德斯?埃里克森是佛罗里达州立大学的一名心理学教授，他说，他坚信“以上各项都不是”这一猜测。在瑞典长大的埃里克森，一直研究核工程，直到他认识到，如果他转向心理学领域，他将会有更多机会从事自己的研究。他的首次试验是在大约30年以前进行的，与记忆相关：训练一个人先听一组任意挑选的数字，然后复述这些数字。“在经过大约20小时的训练之后，第一个试验对象（复述）的数字跨度从7个上升到20个，”埃里克森回忆说。“该试验对象不断进步，在接受大约200个小时的训练后，他复述的数字已经达到80多个。” 这一成功，连同后来证明的记忆本身不是遗传决定的研究，使得埃里克森得出结论，即记忆过程是一种认知练习，而不是一种本能练习。换句话说，无论两个人在记忆力能力上可能存在怎样的天生差异，这些差异都会被每个人如何恰当地“解读”所记的信息所掩盖。埃里克森确信，了解如何有目的地解读信息的最佳方法就是一个为人所知的有意练习过程。有意练习需要的不仅仅是简单地重复一个任务。相反，它包括确定明确的目标、获得即时的反馈以及技术与结果的浓缩。 因此，埃里克森和他的同事开始研究包括足球领域在内的广泛领域中专业执行者。他们收集了能够收集的所有资料，不只是表现方面的统计数据和传记详细资料，还包括他们自己对取得很高成就的人员进行的实验室实验结果。他们的研究得出了一个非常令人惊奇的结论——我们通常称为天分的特征被高估了。或者，换句话说，专业执行者――无论是在记忆还是手术方面，在芭蕾还是计算机编程领域――几乎总是培养的，而不是天生的。 21. 文中提到足球运动员中的出生现象是用来__________. A 强调职业训练的重要性 B 聚焦世界杯上的足球巨星 C 引出什么决定了杰出表现这个话题 D 解释为什么一些足球队比其他足球队表现好
2020年考研英语一阅读解析 2020年考研英语一阅读解析 1)理解主旨要义； 2)理解文中的具体信息； 3)理解文中的概念性含义； 4)实行相关的判断、推理和引申； 5)根据上下文推测生词的词义； 6)理解文章的总体结构以及上下文之间的关系； 7)理解作者的意图、观点或态度； 8)区分论点和论据。 万变不离其宗，在此再次提醒考生如何有重点地实行下一步复习：真题再现，反复精练，摸清思路，再次提升 真题是最应该重视的，近十年的考研英语阅读真题对于备考来说 是非常有价值的，出题形式稳定，掌握出题规律，也是最真的模拟。 各位考生在私下备考时，应侧重从宏观上掌握此题命题走向，微观了 解此题细分题型及应对技巧。其中，考研英语的阅读在整张试卷中所 占的比重，除40分值的传统阅读理解题型，还有10分的新题型，即 七选五、补全段落之类题目，使得考生又对其不得不更加重视。同时，翻译和完形填空题型的解答与阅读水平的高低也有着直接的联系，读 懂是首要，才能更好地实行下一步，翻译或完成句子。所以，提升阅 读水平，在考研英语中绝对不容忽视。 同时，在专项练习中，根据自己实际情况，强项稳住，弱项增强 练习，对于真题中涉及到的每一篇文章，每一道题目，每一个选项， 都要从精读的角度，真正理解和掌握文章的词、句，将答案中的关键
点与文章中、题干中的关键词结合起来，仔细分析，找出其中的联系，学会定位原文，这就是熟悉作者的出题思路和掌握自己的做题思路。 错不怕，重分析，做总结，心态调整好 做题的过程中，难免有些同学偶尔发现自己的错题过多，不要焦 躁与灰心，错题分析的过程中就是总结提升的过程。只要发现问题实 行总结，相信到最后好的结果一定等着我们。考题的难度就是历年真 题的难度，但是只要反复练习，整理思路，持续提升，在自己的水平 范围内拿到更高的分数，就是成功。
2007年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题解析 文章中心：完型填空的命题理论规定，文章的中心思想一般体现在文章首段的首句；有时首段首句其他段落的首句共同表达文章中心思想。因此，在选择具体题目答案前，把握文章中心对于理解文章语句，把握逻辑关系，确定语意衔接提供了足够的信息依据。 文章首段主题句叙述到By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. 到1830，前西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地解放，宣告成为独立国家。 本文的中心思想为前西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地解放以及面对的问题。 本文的中心思想为前西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地解放以及面对的问题。 本文的中心思想为前西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地解放以及面对的问题。 题目解析： By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million 1 of these nations looked 2 to the future. 1．［A］natives ［B］inhabitants ［C］peoples ［D］individuals 2．［A］confusedly［B］cheerfully ［C］worriedly ［D］hopefully 1. 语意辨析题本题目选择名词，在句子中充当主语。句子叙述到The roughly 20 million of these nations looked to the future. “这些国家大概有2000万…对未来…。”
2018考研英语阅读解题思路：细节题 理解文章的具体信息和概念含义是大纲对阅读的明确要求。细节题目的考查在每年的考研英语真题当中都会占到一半以上，考生必须给予足够重视，牢牢掌握细节题的解题方法和思路。我们以2009年的真题为例： The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike. Progress in both area is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that it is, because building new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. 31. The author holds that the importance of education in poor countries______. [A] is subject to groundless doubts [B] has fallen victim of bias [C] is conventional downgraded [D] has been overestimated 解析：首先依据题干关键词the importance of education in poor countries定位到第一句The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood，但是仔细研读后发现贫穷国家中正规教育与经济发展之间的关系为经济学家及政治家们普遍误解。，该句只是在说正式教育和经济发展之间的关系，并不是题干所要找的教育的重要性。继续定位到第三句however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong.那种认为教育应该是促进贫穷国家经济快速发展的重要因素之一的传统观点是错误的。句中涉及了和教育的重要性相关的信息，锁定为答案出处。作者说这种传统的观点时错误的，可以理解为作者认为贫困国家不应该把教育看的如此重要，即，现在的贫困国家太过于注重教育了，所以答案选[D] has been overestimated教育被高估了。[C] is conventional downgraded被降级轻视，和原文事实相反。A和B选项所说的怀疑和偏见态度在原文中找不到依据，可排除。
2007 Text 2 For the past several years, the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called “Ask Marilyn.” People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant, who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old; that gave her an IQ of 228 – the highest score ever recorded. IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, to envision paper after it has been folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences, among other similar tasks. So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as, What’s the difference between love and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence?①It’s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers. 在过去的几年，《星期日报》的增刊《漫步》开设了一个名为“询问玛丽琳”的专栏。人们被邀请去询问 玛丽琳?沃斯?萨文特，玛丽琳?沃斯?萨文特在10岁时测试的智力水平达到别人23岁时的水平，这使得她的智商高达228――是有记录的最高水平。智商测试要求你完成口头和视觉分析，要求你在纸张被折叠、剪切后想象它的形状，要求你推论数字的顺序，还有其他类似的项目。所以，当沃斯?萨文特面对普通人（智商为100）提出的像“热爱与喜爱之间的区别是什么？”或者“运气与巧合的特征是什么？”这样的问题时，她感到有点困惑。设想物体、判断数字模式的能力如何使一个人能够回答难倒了一些最杰出的诗人和哲学 家的问题，这可并不那么显而易见。 mental adj.精神的, 智力的 verbal adj.口头的 【记】verb（言语），＋al（形容词后缀）＝口头的；nonverbal：不用语言的 analogy n.类似, 类推 【习】have an analogy to/with具有与...相似之处;by analogy用类推法 【例】No analogy exists between them. 两者毫无相似之处。 envision vt.想象, 预想 numerical adj.数字的, 用数表示的 fondness n.爱好, 溺爱 coincidence n.一致, 相合, 同时发生或同时存在(尤指偶然)的事 【巧】co（together）+ incidence（incident）＝coincidence：两个小的事情同时发生，“巧合”【例】What a coincidence.多巧啊。 elude v.躲避 1、It's not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers. 【译文】有些问题连一些最杰出的诗人和哲学家都难以回答，但是想象物体和计算数字模式的能力却能使 人找出答案，其中原因并不为人所知。 【析句】这是一个简单句，It只是形式主语，真正的主语是how引导的主语从句。而在主语从句中，主 语是the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns，谓语是suits，宾语是one，to answer questions是宾语补足语，而questions后又跟了一个定语从句。 【讲词】visualize意为"想象"，是imagine的同义词。例如：He had a hard time to visualize the scene as it was described.（他难以设想所描绘的场景。） elude表示"躲避"，也可表示"理解不了，想不起来"。根据句中的意思，可以译为"回答不了"。例如：The answer to this question eluded me for a long time, perhaps because it was so simple.（这个
2007年考研英语阅读理解1重要单词总 结 这是一篇议论文，文章主要论述了人的成就取决于后天培养而非先天遗传。首先，利用优秀足球运动员的例子引出观点，再Ericsson教授驳斥“人的成就取决于先天遗传”的观点，最后他证明记忆是一种认知行为，可通过刻意练习来培养，最后产生结论——人的成就取决于后天培养而非先天遗传。同样，文章中出现了许多词缀+熟词的单词，难度适中。以下是本文中出现的20个，就让我们一起来学习吧！ 1.1tournament ['t??n?m(?)nt] n.锦标赛，联赛 【词根记忆】：tour(turn转，环绕)+ment(名词后缀)→环绕着的→联赛 【短语搭配】：tournament systems赛制 Tournament committee竞赛委员会 【真题例句】：If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup tournament.如果你对参加2006年世界杯足球锦标赛的每位运动员的出生证明进行检查的话。 2.1quirk [kw??k] n. 趣事，奇事，怪癖 【词根记忆】：quick(快的)→奇事总是被当做笑谈，很快就会过去→趣事，奇事 【短语搭配】：network quirk值得注意的怪癖 【真题例句】：you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk.就很容易发现一个值得注意的怪现象。 3. 9phenomenon [f?'nɑm?n?n] n.现象 【词根记忆】：phen(表现现状)+ome(one一个)+non(名词后缀)→一个表现现状→现象【短语搭配】：rebound phenomenon反弹现象 【真题例句】：If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced.如果你再查一下欧洲国家青年队(为世界杯和职业球队输送球员)的出生证明，你会发现这一现象更加明显。 4. 1confer[k?n'f??] v.授予，给予 【词根记忆】：con(共同，一起)+fer(bring，carry带来，拿来)→给一起的人带来→给予【短语搭配】：confer authority授予权限 【真题例句】：Here are a few guesses: a) certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills这里有几种猜测：a)某些星座的人更具有足球天赋。 5. 4conceive[k?n'si?v]
2019考研英语阅读理解常见题型总结 来源：智阅网 考研英语阅读理解虽然难度不小，但是还是有规律可循。掌握好了规律，可以有效提高我们的复习效率和复习成绩。所以，就来说说阅读理解的常见题型有哪些。 1.主旨大意题。 这类题实质考察考生对中心思想的理解，难度不高，具体应对技巧如下： A.关注各段落首句，尤其是第一段首句，这与西方人思维相关，他们习惯开门见山表达出自己的观点，然后广泛引用材料去论述。因此，一般而言首段的首句构成文章的中心句，而各段的首句构成各段的中心。 B.关注首段末句。有些作者习惯先列出一些传统的观点或先对一些具体现象进行说明，然后提出与之不同的观点或在结尾对现象进行总结，在接下来的段落中继续论述。对于这类文章，如果作者没有提出不同的观点，则最后总结性语句为文章中心，一旦提出不同或完全对立的观点，又在后文中加以论述，则作者提出的新观点为文章中心;如果新老观点均是对同一个结果的论述，那么该论述的结论为文章中心。 C.当不能直接找出主题句时，通常文章中作者给予叙述较多或强调较多的某一事物或某一观点即文章的中心。在题目作答时，可采用中心词定位法，排除不含中心词的选项，对比有中心词的选项，选择最接近中心的选项。 D.如果对选项仍有异议，可把有异议的选项逐个带入文章中，看哪个能更好的囊括文章中心。这是一个检验的过程。 2.事实细节题。 此类题占阅读总分40分中的50%左右，因此十分重要。注意，这类问题与推理性问题截然相反，都可以从原文中找到答案，只不过
为了迷惑考生，常常将原文进行改写，换一种说法。所以，照抄原文，一字不改的不一定就是答案，而与原文意思相同的，才是正确的。其基本应对技巧如下： A.基本原则是以中心为导向，忠实原文为基础，千万不可主观臆断，最好的方法是回到原文的出题点进行揣摩。 B.必须看清题目，尤其是当题目就某一个具体细节并且脱离文章中心的提问。一般来说，细节问题绝大部分是围绕文章中心进行出题，但不排除文中就一些具体的，因果互动现象的内容提问。 3.词汇短语题。 其分值不高，考察范围可分为两类。第一，纲内词汇词义的引申。考察考生对所熟悉的词汇在特定语境下正确含义的理解。一般来说，该词的本意不是解，但是其引申义上仍可以找到本意的影子。第二，纲外词汇词义的推断。 4.推断性问题。 此类题大概占20%左右的分值，总体难度不大，是考生的必得分点。中心导向依然是解题的宏观主线，其关键是忠实原文的推断。其应对策略和事实细节题类似，考生在该题型上的主要失误在于脱离文章主观臆断造成的。 5.语气态度题。 对作者态度的判断是构成阅读理解的两条宏观主线之一。因此，正确辨明作者对所叙述事物的态度，不仅关系到本类题型的解答，也潜在影响到其他问题的正确解答。这类题目主要从作者文中描述事物所用到的形容词，副词，动词等表达感情色彩的词汇入手。当选项不能确定时，再回到原文中找关键词。对这类题型，分清褒贬一般不难，是考生的必得分点。 我们还可以做做何老师的2019《考研英语阅读思路解析》，有助于我们更好地理解阅读理解这个题型，并且还能培养好应试心理。
1994 Passage 5 Discoveries in science and technology are thought by "untaught minds" to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then. He experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. Inventions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and error. Innovation is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score. The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take the most shots at the goal — and so it goes with innovation in any field of activity. The prime difference between innovators and others is one of approach. Everybody gets ideas, but innovators work consciously on theirs, and they follow them through until they prove practicable or otherwise. What ordinary people see as fanciful abstractions, professional innovators see as solid possibilities. "Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that there's no particular virtue in doing things the way they have always been done," wrote Rudolph Flesch, a language authority. This accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple innovations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make life more convenient: "How come nobody thought of that before?" The creative approach begins with the proposition that nothing is as it appears. Innovators will not accept that there is only one way to do anything. Faced with getting from A to B, the average person will automatically set out on the best-known and apparently simplest route. The innovator will search for alternate courses, which may prove easier in the long run and are bound to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends. Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer. 67. What does the author probably mean by "untaught mind" in the first paragraph? [A] A person ignorant of the hard work involved in experimentation. [B] A citizen of a society that restricts personal creativity. [C] A person who has had no education. [D] An individual who often comes up with new ideas by accident. 68. According to the author, what distinguishes innovators from non-innovators? [A] The variety of ideas they have. [B] The intelligence they possess. [C] The way they deal with problems. [D] The way they present their findings. 69. The author quotes Rudolph Flesch in Paragraph 3 because ________. [A] Rudolph Flesch is the best-known expert in the study of human creativity [B] the quotation strengthens the assertion that creative individuals look for new ways of doing things [C] the reader is familiar with Rudolph Flesch's point of view [D] the quotation adds a new idea to the information previously presented
2007年考研英语一真题及答案解析 Directions： Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points) By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million 1 of these nations looked 2 to the future. Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism, many of the leaders of independence 3 the ideas of representative government, careers 4 to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the 5 to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society. 6 there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a 7 set of 1aws. On the issue of 8 of religion and the position of the Church, 9 there was less agreement 10 the leadership. Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one 11 by the Spanish crown. 12 most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism 13 the official religion of the new states, some sought to end the 14 of other faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallying 15 for the conservative forces. The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian, valuing equality of everything. Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had 16 in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spain’s 17 colonies. Early promises to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much 18 because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies 19 .Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was 20 self-rule and democracy. 1.[A]natives [B]inhabitants[C]peoples [D]individuals 2.[A]confusedly[B]cheerfully [C]worriedly[D]hopefully 3.[A]shared[B]forgot[C]attained[D]rejected 4.[A]related[B]close[C]open[D]devoted 5.[A]access[B]succession[C]right[D]return 6.[A]Presumably[B]Incidentally[C]Obviously [D]Generally 7.[A]unique[B]common[C]particular[D]typical 8.[A]freedom[B]origin[C]impact[D]reform
Text 1 If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup tournament．you would most likely fend a noteworthy quirk：elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months．If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks，you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced． What might account for this strange phenomenon? Here are a few guesses：a)certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills；b)winter-born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer stamina；c) soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime，at the annual peak of soccer mania；d)none of the above． Anders Ericsson，a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University, says he believes strongly in “none of the above．”Ericsson grew up in Sweden，and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology．His first experiment，nearly 30 years ago，involved memory：training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers．“With the first subject，after about 20 hours of training，his digit span had risen from 7 to 20，” Ericsson recalls．“He kept improving，and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers．” This success，coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined，led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one．In other words，whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize，those differences are swamped by how well each person “encodes”the information．And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined，was a process known as deliberate practice．Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task．Rather, it involves sexing specific goals，obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome． Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits，including soccer．They gather all the data they can，not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments、^rim high achievers．Their work makes a rather startling assertion：the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated．Or，put another way, expert performers—whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming—are nearly always made，not born． Text 2 For the past several years，the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called “Ask Marilyn．”People are invited to query Marilyn VOS Savant．Who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old；that gave her an IQ of 228-the highest score ever recorded．IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies，to envision paper after it has been folded and cut，and to deduce numerical sequences．among other similar tasks．So it is a bit confusing when Vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe(whose IQ is 100) as，What’s the difference between love and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? It’s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers． Clearly, intelligence encompasses more that a score on a test. Just what does it mean to be smart? How much of intelligence can be specified，and how much can we learn about it from neurology, genetics, computer science and other fields?
2007年考研英语完形真题及答案解析 （一） 2007年考研英语完形填空真题解析 By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million 1 of these nations looked 2 to the future. Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism, many of the leaders of independence 3 the ideals of representative government, careers 4 to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the 5 to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society. 6 there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a 7 set of laws. On the issue of 8 of religion and the position of the church, 9 , there was less agreement 10 the leadership. Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one 11 by the Spanish crown. 12 most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism 13 the official religion of the new states, some sought to end the 14 of other faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallying 15 for the conservative forces. The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian, valuing equality of everything. Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had 16 in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spain’s 17 colonies. Early promises to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much 18 because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies 19 . Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was 20 self-rule and democracy. 1. [A] natives[B] inhabitants[C] peoples[D] individuals 2. [A] confusedly[B] cheerfully[C] worriedly[D] hopefully 3. [A] shared[B] forgot[C] attained[D] rejected 4. [A] related[B] close[C] open[D] devoted 5. [A] access[B] succession [C] right[D] return 6. [A] Presumable [B] Incidentally[C] Obviously[D] Generally 7. [A] unique[B] common[C] particular[D] typical 8. [A] freedom[B] origin[C] impact[D] reform 9. [A] therefore[B] however[C] indeed[D] moreover 10. [A] with[B] about[C] among[D] by 11. [A] allowed[B] preached[C] granted[D] funded 12. [A] Since[B] If[C] Unless[D] While 13. [A] as[B] for[C] under[D] against 14. [A] spread[B] interference[C] exclusion[D] influence 15. [A] support[B] cry[C] plea[D] wish 16. [A] urged[B] intended[C] expected[D] promised 17. [A] controlling[B] former[C] remaining[D] original 18. [A] slower[B] faster[C] easier[D] tougher