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中学英语五种基本句型和简单句详细讲解[1]讲课教案

中学英语五种基本句型和简单句详细讲解[1]讲课教案
中学英语五种基本句型和简单句详细讲解[1]讲课教案

中学英语五种基本句型和简单句详细讲解

[1]

英语备考学案:五种基本句型和简单句详细讲解

英语的句子按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。

1)陈述句(Declarative Sentences):说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。有肯定句和否定句之分。

2)疑问句(Interrogative Sentences):提出问题。有以下四种:

a. 一般疑问句(General Questions):

Can you finish the work in time? 你能按时完成工作吗?

b. 特殊疑问句(W Questions; H Questions):

Where do you live?你住那儿? How do you know that? 你怎么知道那件事?

c. 选择疑问句(Alternative Questions):

Do you want tea or coffee? 你是要茶还是要咖啡?

d. 反意疑问句(Tag-Questions):

He doesn't know her, does he?他不认识她,对不对?

3)祈使句(Imperative Sentences):提出请求,建议或发出命令,例如:Sit down, please.请坐。Don't be nervous!别紧张!

4)感叹句(Exclamatory Sentences):表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪,例如:

What good news it is!多好的消息啊!

A. 简单句的五种基本句型。

简单句的五种基本句型,对于提高同学们的听、说、读、写、译能力有至关重要的作用。下面我们就一起再来回顾一下简单句的五种基本句型吧!简单句的五种基本句型包括:

a. 主语+连系动词+表语 (S+ Link-V+P)

此句型中的谓语动词为连系动词,作表语成分的有形容词、名词、代词、分词、不定式介词短语等。常见的系动词有be, feel, taste, smell, sound,seem, look(看起来),get(变),become(变),turn(变)等。

1)The story sounds interesting. 那个故事听起来很有趣。

2) Her dream has come true. 她的梦想实现了。

3)My books are on the desk. 我的书在书桌上。

4)The food seems to be nice. 这食物似乎不错

本句型的特点是"连系动词+表语"二者缺一不可。例如"The teacher angry"和"We in the classroom." She sixteen.都不成其为一个句子。汉语中形容词、介词短语、数词都可以用作谓语,但是英语中它们不能单独作谓语,它们前面必须加上一个系动词才能构成谓语。

Exercises:Put the following sentences into English. key 1

1. 李甜甜是个聪明的女孩。

2. 张飞在三年级六班。

3. 冬季白天短,夜晚长。

4. 早起有益于身体健康。

5. 这些玫瑰花闻起来很香。

b.主语+不及物动词 (S+V)

在此句型中,谓语动词是不及物动词,其后没有宾语。因为此句型中的动词表达的意思已经很明确,所以不需要跟宾语。有时为了表示动作发生的频率、程度、原因、结果、目的、场所、时间等,可以带状语修饰动词。如:1)My head aches. 我头疼。

2)The students are listening.学生们正在听。

3) We study hard. 我们努力学习。

4) The red sun rises in the east. 一轮红日从东方升起。

5) The Second World War broke out in 1939. 1939年爆发了第二次世界大战。

6) The boy looked out of the window. 那个男孩朝窗外看去。

主语和不及物动词(短语)是组成本句型不可缺少的必要成分。在实际运用中,不及物动词往往与副词、介词及其它相关成分有相对稳定的搭配关系。

Exercises:Put the following sentences into English. Key2

1. 我们的英语老师教得很好。

2. 五年前宋杰住在合肥。

3. 一天,她欢快地走进我的房间。

4. 你们打算乘飞机还是乘船旅行?

c. 主语+及物动词+宾语 (S+V+O)

该句型中的谓语动词是及物动词,其后必须跟宾语才能使句意表达完整、准确。宾语可以由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当,如动词的-ing形式、动词不定式或从句等.

1) I finished reading the book. 我读完了这本书。

2) Do you like apples?你喜欢苹果吗?

3) We discussed it at the meeting last week. 上周我们在会上讨论过那件事。

4) He decided to buy a computer.他决定买一台电脑。

5) We love China. 我们

爱中国。

6) They enjoyed themselves very much last night. 他们昨天晚上玩得

很开心。

7) Do you remember his telephone number? 你记得他的电话号码吗?

8) He thought about the problem for a few moments. 他把这个问题思考了

一会儿。

注:不及物动词与介词连用时,其后也可跟宾语。例如:

Ann is waiting for Kate at school gate.安正在校门口等凯特。

主语和及物动词及其宾语是本句型的主干,至于及物动词,则既可以是单个的及物动词,也可以是短语动词。

Exercises: Put the following sentences into English. key 3

1. 她每天晚上看电视。

2. 这本书胡珊珊读过多次了。

3. 明天下午我们将进行英语考试。

4. 大多数人很喜欢轻音乐(soft music)。

5. 她几乎不知道该如何写作文。

d.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 (S+V+IO+DO)

英语中有些及物动词能跟双宾语,即间接宾语(指人) 和直接宾语(指物) 。通常情况下间接宾语在前,直接宾语在后。能跟双宾语的动词常见的有:

ask, bring, take, buy, cost, fetch, give, hand, pass, lend, offer, pay, read, save, send, sho w, teach, tell, write等。有时也可把间接宾语置于直接宾语后,此时间接宾语前需加介词for或to。

1) Could you pass me the salt? (= Could you pass the salt to me?) 请你把盐给我好吗?

2) Uncle Wang made the farmers many machines.(=Uncle Wang made many machines for the farmers. ) 王叔叔给农民们制造了很多机器。

3) Zhou Nan lent me some money.(...some money to me.) 周楠借给我一些

钱。

注意lend 和borrow 的区别。相对于主语而言,“借入”用borrow sth from sb. 相对于主语而言,“借出”用lend sb sth/ lend sth to sb.另外注意take 和bring的区别是针对说话人而言,“拿离说话人”,用take, “拿向说话人”用bring.

4) Mother bought me a new dress. (...a new dress for me.) 妈妈给我买了一

件新衣服。

5) The evening dress cost her forty dollars. 这件晚礼服花了她

四十美元。

cost 的用法:1. cost sb (money/time)其中时间不能用具体多长时间,只能用模糊的时间段,比如some time/much time/a lot of time/all one’s life. 2. cost 不能用于被动语态的句子里。另外注意last, break out, belong to, take place, happen 等词很容易误用于被动语态,他们都不能被用于被动语态。3. cost 和belong to 都不能用于进行时态。

6) The girl asked me whether I could repair the bike. 那个女孩问我是否会

修理自行车。(直接宾语为句子)

7) He told me how to make a chair. 他告诉我如何做椅子。(直接宾语

为不定式)

注:1.间接宾语后置与for连用的动词有buy, make, cook, get, choose, sing, find等。例如:

Uncle Li bought me a birthday present.(=Uncle Li bought a birthday present for me.)

李叔叔给我买了一件生日礼物。

2.间接宾语后置与to连用的动词有give, lend, teach, take, return, send, pass 等。例如:

Please pass him a cup of tea.(=Please pass a cup of tea to him.) 请递给他一杯茶。

3.间接宾语后置既可与for也可与to连用的动词有do, leave, write, bring等。例如:

He brought me a dictionary.(=He brought a dictionary for/to me.)

他给我带来了一本词典。(bring 和take 的区别)

注:若直接宾语是人称代词时,通常情况下将其置于间接宾语之前。例如:误:Please give me them.

正:Please give them to me.

Exercises: Put the following sentences into English. key 4

1. 刘江给了我一朵红玫瑰。

2. 她给我做了一件漂亮衣服。

3. 这项工作花了我们半个小时。

4. 吴老师给我们提出了一些有关英语学习的建议。

e. 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 (S+V+O+C)

英语中,有些及物动词除能跟宾语外,有时还须加一个补足语,句意才能完整。宾语补足语的作用是说明宾语的动作或状态。作宾语补足语的主要是名词、形容词、动词不定式和分词,副词和介词短语等也可以用作宾语补足语。

本句型中的"宾语 + 宾语补足语",也可称之为复合宾语。宾语和宾语补足语之间有着逻辑上的主谓关系,因此,逻辑上的主谓关系乃是本句型的特点,它不同于第四基本句型中的 "间接宾语 + 直接宾语","间接宾语 + 直接宾语"之间并无逻辑上的主谓关系。

1) We elected Liu Lei monitor. 我们选刘磊当班长。(elect,choose, appoint, make, call, name等词后面跟表示职位的名词做宾语补足语时,职位名词前不要冠词)

2) The news made him unhappy. 这个消息使他很不愉快。

3) You shouldn't let him go there alone. 你不应当让他一个人去那儿。

4) I had the bike repaired. 我找人把自行车修好了。

5) I feel it very pleasant to be with your family. 我感到跟你们一家人在一起很愉快。

6) Please keep the classroom clean. 请保持教室清洁。

7) She asked me to call him again. 她让我再给他打个电话。

1.后跟名词作宾语补足语的动词有call, name, make, choose, think,elect, appoint等。例如:

We call him Tom for short.我们简称他为汤姆。

2.后跟形容词做宾语补足语的动词有keep, make, find, get, think等。例如:It’s very hot here.We’d better keep the windows open.

这儿很热。我们最好让窗子开着。

3.动词不定式做宾语补足语有以下三种情况:

(1)后跟带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词常有ask, tell, teach, wish, trouble 等。例如:

He told us to keep quiet in the hospital.他告诉我们在医院里要保持安静。

(2)后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词可归纳为:

感官动词:“一听(hear)”、“二看(see, watch)”、“三感觉(feel, notice, find, observe),

使役动词:let, have加make)”,例如:

Let me try again.让我再试试。

I often hear her sing in the next room.我经常听到她在隔壁唱歌。

感官动词hear, see, watch, feel, notice, observe等后既可接不带to的不定式作宾补,也可用v-ing形式作宾补。前者表示动作已结束,后者表示动作正在发生。试比较:

1.He saw a girl get on the bus. 他看见一个女孩上车了(上车的动作已经结束)。

2.He saw a girl getting on the bus. 他看见一个女孩在上车(上车的动作正在进行)。

(3)help后跟不定式作宾语补足语时,不定式既可带to,也可不带to。例如:

My father often helps me(to) study English.我父亲经常帮我学习英语。

4.后跟动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语的动词有feel, hear, see, watch, keep, find等。例如:

We found a man lying on the ground.我们发现一个男人躺在地上。

5.后跟介词短语作宾语补足语的动词有keep, find, take等。例如:

I’ll keep the words in my mind.我将记住这些话。

B there be 句型

本句型表示人或事物"存在"的概念,一般译作"有",但应注意与表示"具有"概念的"有"(have)的区别。例如:

I have two birds. 我有两只鸟。(鸟为我所有)

There are two birds in the cage. 笼子里有两只鸟。 (鸟在笼子里)

本句型句首的 There只是一个引导词,本身并无任何词汇意义。句子的主语是处于动词 be 后的那个名词。动词 be 的人称和数应同其后的主语取得一致。动

词 be 的时态随具体情况而变化。

注意:动词 be 要和其后的主语取得一致。如果是单个的主语,动词 be则随这个主语的数和人称而变化。如果是并列的主语,动词be一般随最靠近be的那个主语的人称和数而变化。反意问句的疑问句部分要用isn’t there?或are n’t there?

在本句型中,还可将谓语动词be换成某些表示"来往,存在,发生"之类的不及物动词,如 arrive, come, go, exist, happen, live, remain, seem, stand 等。

1. There is a dictionary on the desk. 桌上有一本字典。

2. There will be a sports meet next week. 下周将举行运动会。

3. There stands a big tree in front of the classroom. 教室前面有一棵大树。

4. There used to be a shop on the corner of the street. 以前在街的这个拐角有一个商店。

祈使句和感叹句

1、祈使句

英语中的祈使句常常用来表示请求、命令、建议、劝告和号召等意。对祈使句的考查已成为近几年高考英语的一个热点。其肯定形式是由动词原形开头,否定形式是在动词原形之前加 Don't。祈使句的主语通常是 you,但一般并不说出。

祈使句的句末用感叹号或句号,朗读时,用降调。为了使语气婉转、客气,常在句首或句末加上please。现将其常见类型和考点归纳如下:祈使句有四种句型:

1.B型:Be+表语(名词、形容词等)。如:

Be a good boy!做个乖孩子!

Be quiet,please! 请安静!

2.V型:V(行为动词)+宾语也叫Do型祈使句。这类祈使句在英语中最为常见。这类句子常以动词原形开头,末尾用感叹号或句号。

(V若为不及物动词,则无宾语)+其它成分。如:

Look after this cat,please.请照看一下这只猫。

Come to school in your new clothes tomorrow! 明天穿上新衣服到学校。

Hurry up! 赶快!

有时与please连用,增加“请求”的意味。如:

Please take a seat! Sit down, please!

有时为了加强语气,可以在动词前加do。如:

Do be careful! Do listen to your teacher!

Do型祈使句构成反意疑问句时,附加问句常用will you,有时也可用won’t you或can you等。如:

Be quiet, please, will you/won’t you?

Give me a hand, will you?

3.L型:Let+宾语(第一、第三人称宾格)+动词原形+其它成分。如:

1).Let’s祈使句的主语是we,指说话者和听者双方,表示建议。如:

Let’s go to the cinema tonight.

2).Let us/ me 祈使句的主语是you,表示请求。如:

Let me have a look at your new motor.

Let me try again.

3). Let him/her祈使句的主语是you,表示请求。

Let him/her carry the box upstairs.

用"let"的祈使句时,必须注意下列几点:

一、"let" 的否定句有二。如果宾语是第三人称用"Don't let.....",如果宾语是第一人称,则用"Let......not"

Don't let this type of things happen again.

It's raining now. Let's not go out until after the rain.

二、"Let"只适用于现在时态,可以有被动语态 (the passive voice),如:

Let the recalcitrant criminals be sent to prison.

Let all the dedicated capable staff be promoted.

三、"Let"后头除了是不带"to"的不定式动词 (The infinitive without"to")之外,还可以是某些适当的副词,如out, in, down, alone等:

Let the puppy out.

Open the windows and let the fresh air in.

The room is too sunny. Let the blinds down.

Let me alone, please.

四、用"Let's"时,把谈话者的对象包括在内;用"Let us"时,并不包括对方,如:

Let's try it, shall we?

Let us do it by ourselves, will you?

从上面句子里的"shall we"和"will you",不难知道前者包括听话人,后者并没有。

4.D型:Don't+动词原形+其它成分。如:

1).一般来说,祈使句的否定形式是在动词前边加don’t。如:

Don’t do that again.

Please don’t be late again.

2).有时在动词前边加never,起加强语气的作用。如:

Never play with fire.

Never waste anything, and above all, never waste time.

3).Don’t型祈使句构成反意疑问句时,附加问句常用will you。如:

Don’t be noisy, will you?

Never forget to bring your ID Card when traveling, will you?

Don't go there now.

Please don’t play with fire./Don’t play with fire, please.请别玩火。

Don’t let the children play football on the road.不要让孩子们在马路上踢球。

Let’s not wait outside the gate.咱们别在门外等。另外祈使句还有一些形式:

A. 含主语型祈使句

1).有时为了强调、对比或表示说话人的意愿、情绪或者安排工作,祈使句需要带上主语。如:You go away.

Everyone shut the mouth.

You girls clean the windows, and you boys wash the floor.

2).含主语型祈使句构成反意疑问句时,用法与Do型祈使句一致。如:

Everyone sit down, will you?

B. 无动词型祈使句

有时可以省略祈使句的动词,成为无动词祈使句。如:

To the bus stop.

Just a minute, please.

No smoking.

C. 条件祈使句

祈使句还可以用来表示条件,用于“祈使句+and/or+并列分句”句型,相当于“if 条件句+主句”。如:

Use your head and you will have a good idea.

= If you use your head, you will have a good idea.

Hurry up or we’ll be late.

=If we don’t hurry up, we will be late.

D. 祈使句式的肯定式前加do可起强调作用。意为“务必;一定”等。例如:

Do come, please请一定来!

Do tell her the thing.务必告诉她此事。

注:祈使语气委婉的句型

1)“Will/Would/Can/Could you please+v.(动词原形)?”

Will/Would/Can/Could you please give us instructions for using the lab?

请给我们讲讲使用实验室的规则吧,好吗?

2)“Would you mind+v-ing(动名词)?”

Would you mind allowing us to use the basin by the side of the cupboard?

请允许我们使用器皿柜旁边的洗脸盆,好吗?

3)“Why not+v.(动词原形)?”

Why not do as your teacher tells you to?

为什么不按你们老师吩咐的去做呢?

4)“祈使句+附加疑问句?”

①“Let us do…, will you/won't you?”

Let us do the experiment ourselves, will/won't you?

允许我们自己作实验,好吗?

②“Let's do…, shall we/shan't we?”

Let's make sure the lights are turned off and the door is locked, shall/shan't we? 让我们核实一下关灯和锁门的事吧,好吗?

③“Let me do…,will you/won't you/may I?”

Let me tidy the lab instead of you, may I?

让我替你收拾实验室,好吗?

④“Do…, will/won't/would you/can/can't/could you?”

Show me how to use this water pump, won't you?

教我怎样使用这台抽水泵,好吗?

⑤“Don't do…, will you?”

Don't touch papers on my desk, will you?

别碰我书桌上的文件,好吗?

同学们要学好用好祈使句,请记住以下几句歌诀:

动词原形无主语,婉言用“请”please;牢记BVLD四句型,定能掌握祈使句。

Practice 5 kp6

Put the following into English:

Model:现在停止吹气,你就会发现玻璃又明净了。

Now stop blowing,and soon you will find the glass clear again,

1)动动脑筋,你就会想出更好的办法来,

2)再问问她,她就会告诉你的。

3)下午把书带来,我替你还。

2、感叹句

一、感叹句通常有what, how引导,表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦、等感情。

what修饰名词,how 修饰形容词,副词或动词,感叹句结构主要有以下几种:

掌握它的搭配,即掌握了感叹句的重点。

1)How +形容词+ a +名词+陈述语序How clever a boy he is!

2)How+形容词或副词+陈述语序How lovely the baby is!

3)How+主语+谓语!How time flies!

4)What +名词+陈述语序What noise they are making!

5)What+a+形容词+名词+陈述语序What a clever boy he is!

6)What+ 形容词+复数名词+陈述语序What wonderful ideas (we have)!

7)What+ 形容词+不可数名词+陈述语序What cold weather it is!

句型1)、5)可以互相转化。

特别提示:如何判断用what还是用how﹖

方法一:凡是有a, an开头的,多用what!

方法二:凡是形容词直接加名词多用what!

方法三:其他一般用how。

二、如何把陈述句改为感叹句

陈改感叹并不难:What或How置句前,

形、副紧跟how后,what(冠)要和形名连,

主语谓语在句末,它们省略也常见。

除以上口诀外,把陈述句变为感叹句时,还可以根据这种方法:“一断二加

三换位”。“一断”,即在谓语后边断开,使句子分为两部分。例如:He is a good

teacher.—He is/a good teacher.“二加”,即在第二部分前加上how(强调副词,形容词)或what(强调名词)。如:He is(what) a good teacher.“三换位”,即把第一部分和第二部分互换位置,句号换感叹号。例如:What a good teacher he is!

感叹句的省略形式为:

What a clever boy (he is)!

典型例题

1)___ food you've cooked!

A. How a nice

B. What a nice

C. How nice

D. What nice

答案D. 由于How 修饰形容词,副词;what修饰名词。且food为不可数名词,因此A,B 排除。C How + adj. 后面不能再加名词,因此只有D正确,其句型为What + adj. +n. (不可数)

2)___terrible weather we've been having these days!

A. What

B. What a

C. How

D. How a

答案A. weather为不可数名词,B,D排除。C为how + adj. 后面不应有名词。只有A,符合句型What +形容词+不可数名词。

3) --- _____ I had!

--- You really suffered a lot.

A. What a time

B. What time

C. How a time

D. how time

答案A.感叹句分两类:

1:What + n.+主谓部分

2:How + adj. / adv. / v.+主谓部分。本题属第一种,但省略了bad,相对于 What a bad time I had! 这是个习惯用语。

感叹句专练

从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1.——Hello,Zhu Hua.I’ll have to return to Canada because I’ve wo rked here for a year.

——_____!

A.What time flies

B.How time flies

C.What does time fly

D.How does time fly

2.___! You should take this chance to attend it.

A.How important conference is it

B.How an important conference it is

C.What an important conference is it &nb, sp;

D.What an important conference it is

3.—— What sport do you like best?

—— Springboard diving(跳板跳水).____ to dive into water from high board!

A.What a fun is it

B.How fun it is

C.How a fun is it

D.What fun it is

4.___for us to surf(冲浪) on the sea in summer!

A.What exciting is it

B.How exciting is it

C.What exciting it is

D.How exciting it is

5.___he gave that we should take more exercise in our spare time!

A.What a good advice

B.How a good advice

C.What good advice

D.How good advice

6.We haven’t seen each other for many months.__!

A.What I missed you

B.What did I miss you

C.How I missed you

D.How did I miss you

7.__it is for us to see that he does his work so well!

A.What surprise

B.How surprise

C.What a surprise

D.How a surprise

8.___these ancient buildings in this city are!

A.What perfectly protected

B.How perfect protected

C.How perfectly protected

D.What perfect protected

感叹句专练参考答案及简析

1.B。how time flies=how fast time flies“时间过得真快”。因为被感叹的部分是副词fast,因此感叹词用how,感叹句需用陈述语序。

2.D。由于被感叹的部分是可数名词单数conference,所以感叹词用what,感叹句需用陈述语序。

3.D。句子中fun是不可数名词,感叹词需要用what。

4.D。形容词exciting前用感叹词how,感叹句用陈述语序。

5.C。名词advice用感叹词what,advice是一个不可数名词。

6.C。how修饰句子的谓语动词,句子表示“我是多么想念你啊!”

7.C。surprise是一个抽象名词,通常作不可数名词,但这里说明某次具体情况,surprise可以用作可数名词,前面加不定冠词a (surprise没有复数形式)。类似词有shame,pity等。

8.C。句子中perfectly protected相当于形容词作表语,因此感叹词用how。

简单句的五种基本句型教案

教学讲义

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英语五种基本句型教案授课老师蒋茉华)(1515.1516班 教学目标:一.Teaching Goals 1. Ability Goals能力目标:Learn some detail information about the basic structures of English sentences; a.ability of analyze the structure of sentences; 'b. Improve the studentsc. Enable the students to translate the English sentences 学能目标:2.Learning Ability GoalsHelp the students grasp the ability of constructing new sentences. 3.Emotion情感目标:a. Learn how to cooperate with others; b. Build the self-confidence of students 二.Teaching Important Points教学重点:a. The five basic English structures ; b. Constructing English sentences; ability of translating complex sentences c. Train the students' Teaching Difficult Points 教学难点三.a. Train the ability how to write the right sentences, including the complex ones; b. Train the ability of analyzing the whole passage and give the main ideas of the passage or paragraphs Teaching Aids 教学设备四.A computer, a projector and some slides 五.Teaching Procedures Step 1 Show to the students the basic structures V(主+谓)+ S基本句型一:(主+谓+表)V+ P基本句型二:S+(主+谓+宾)+ OS+V基本句型三:(主+谓+间宾+直宾)OV+ o+ 基本句型四:S+(主+谓+宾+宾补O+ CV基本句型五:S+ + )Verb (谓语+Subject (主语) 句型1:此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思,这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词,动词后不可以直接接宾语,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。常见的动词如:work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。如:太阳在照耀着。1. The sun was shining. 月亮升起了。2. The moon rose. 宇宙长存。3. The universe remains. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。4. We all breathe, eat, and drink. 管它呢?5. Who cares? 他所讲的没有什么关系。6. What he said does not matter. 他们谈了半个小时。7. They talked for half an hour. 这支笔书写流利。8. The pen writes smoothly. SV(不及物动词) flies. 1. Time rose. 2. The moon cooked. 3. The man eat, and drink. 4. We all laughed? 5. Everybody woke.

简单句共有五种基本句型

简单句 一、1. 五种基本句型 1. S+ V 即:主语+不及物动词 My head aches. Everybody laughed. 不及物动词加一个介词后构成的动词短语可以加宾语。如:agree with lie in, work at, belong to, come across, to etc. 2、S+ V+ P 即:主语+连系动词+表语 English is very easy. He looks tired. 常见的系动词(link v. )有be, look, seem, appear, sound, feel, taste, smell grow, get, fall ill / asleep, stand / sit still , become, turn etc. 3、S+ V+ O 即:主语+及物动词+宾语 She likes the flowers. Dad bought a car. 4、S+ V + INO + DO即:主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语常见的须带双宾语的动词有give, ask, bring, offer, send, pay, lend, show, tell, buy, get, rob, warn etc. He told her the news. = He told the news to me. My father bought me a bike. = My father bought a bike for me. 5、S+ V+ O + OC 即:主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补语常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。常见的动词有find, make, leave, get ,see, etc. He told me to stay home. The smell made him sick. 说明:上述各例都简化到了最低限度,在此基础上,我们可以加上一些修饰成分使句子变得更复杂,表达更丰富的内容。如: In fact, English is very easy to teach. She likes the flowers very much. He told her the news on the home. 二、疑问句 1. 一般疑问句:Do you like reading novels? 2. 特殊疑问句: Mom is coming. What present do you expect she has got for your birthday. 3. 选择疑问句: Will you stay home or go sightseeing on National Day?

(完整word版)简单句的五种基本句型

简单句的五种基本句型 一、句子分为简单句、并列句和复合句。 ①简单句的基本形式是由一个主语加一个谓语构成,其它各种句子形式都是由此句型发展而来。 ②并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子。并列连词有:and, but, or, so等。 ③复合句是由主句+从句构成。由从属连词连接,如because, if, when, while, until, after, before, as soon as等。分为名词性从句,形容词性从句(即定语从句),副词性从句(即状语从句)三大类。其中最著名的是宾语从句,定语从句和状语从句。 二、简单句的五个基本句式: ①主谓②主谓宾③主谓双宾④主谓宾补⑤主系表 主语: 句子说明的人或事物。 谓语:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 表语:系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 宾语:1. 动作的承受者——动宾。2. 介词后的名词、代词和动名词——介宾。 补语:宾补,对宾语的补充。主补,对主语的补充。 判断下列句子是那种结构: 1. He is swimming. 2. It made him angry. 3. The little boy is asking the teacher questions. 4. She is young. 5. My mom bought me a beautiful gift. 6. He kept his eyes closed. 7. He told us an exciting story. 8. We must keep our classroom tidy and clean. 9. I heard the baby crying in the sitting room. 10.Can you push the window open? 11. He seemed tired. 1.主谓 2.主谓宾补 3.主谓双宾 4.主系表 5.主谓双宾 6.主谓宾补 7.主谓双宾 8.主谓宾补 9.主谓宾补10.主谓宾补11.主系表

简单句的五种基本句型

简单句的五种基本句型 只包含一个主谓结构的句子叫简单句。简单句有五种基本句型结构: ★主语+谓语(S+V) 谓语是不及物动词,其后可加副词、介词短语等。例如: They sat together quietly. 他们静静地坐在一起。 The meeting begins at nine. 会议9点开始。 ★主语+谓语+宾语(S+V+O) 谓语是及物动词,宾语通常是名词、代词、动词不定式、V-ing形式等。例如: He doesn’t like the movie. 他不喜欢这部电影。 Do you know them, Li Ming? 李明,你认识他们吗? ★主语+系动词+表语(S+V+P) 常见的系动词有be, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, become, turn, get等,表语通常是形容词、名词、代词等。例如: Your new watch looks very nice. 你的新手表看起来很漂亮。 That sounds a good idea. 听起来是个好主意。 ★主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+InO+DO) 某些动词后的间接宾语可改为to引导的短语,如:give, lend, pass, show, send等;某些动词后的间接宾语可改为for引导的短语,如:buy, choose, cook, make, sing等。例如:Can you pass me the book? = Can you pass the book to me? 你能把书递给我吗? She sang us an English song. = She sang an English song for us. 她为我们唱了一首英语歌。★主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+O+OC) 这类谓语动词主要有find, keep, feel, wish, think, name, call, ask, advise, teach, want, notice 等。宾语补足语用来补充说明宾语的动作或状态,通常是形容词、名词、动词不定式、介词短语等。例如: He found his new job very interesting. 他发现他的新工作很有趣。 Mr. Li asked us to write a report. 李老师让我们写一份报告。 即时操练 ( ) 2. Can you lend me your dictionary? ( ) 3. Mum is cooking in the kitchen. ( ) 4. Danny made all of us laugh.

英语五种基本句型教案

英语五种基本句型教案 (1515.1516班授课老师蒋茉华) 一.Teaching Goals教学目标: 1. Ability Goals能力目标: a.Learn some detail information about the basic structures of English sentences; b. Improve the students’ ability of analyze the structure of sentences; c. Enable the students to translate the English sentences 2.Learning Ability Goals学能目标: Help the students grasp the ability of constructing new sentences. 3.Emotion情感目标: a. Learn how to cooperate with others; b. Build the self-confidence of students 二.Teaching Important Points教学重点: a. The five basic English structures ; b. Constructing English sentences; c. Train the students’ ability of translating complex sentences 三.Teaching Difficult Points 教学难点 a. Train the ability how to write the right sentences, including the complex ones; b. Train the ability of analyzing the whole passage and give the main ideas of the passage or paragraphs 四.Teaching Aids 教学设备 A computer, a projector and some slides 五.Teaching Procedures Step 1 Show to the students the basic structures 基本句型一:S+V(主+谓) 基本句型二:S+V+ P(主+谓+表) 基本句型三:S+V+ O(主+谓+宾) 基本句型四:S+V+ o+ O(主+谓+间宾+直宾) 基本句型五:S+ V+ O+ C(主+谓+宾+宾补 句型1:Subject (主语) +Verb (谓语) 此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思,这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词,动词后不可以直接接宾语,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。常见的动词如:work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。如: 1. The sun was shining. 太阳在照耀着。 2. The moon rose. 月亮升起了。 3. The universe remains. 宇宙长存。 4. We all breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 5. Who cares? 管它呢? 6. What he said does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。

简单句的五种基本句型典型例句

简单句的五种基本句型典型例句 五种基本句型结构 一、句型1:Subject (主语) +Verb (谓语) (谓语为不及物动词) The red sun rises in the east.红彤彤的太阳从东方升起来。 Lucy and Mary get up early every morning.露西和玛丽每天早上很早就起床。 His parents have worked in the company for ten years. 他的父母在这家公司工作十年了。 What he said does not matter.他说的话不重要。 They had to travel by boat.他们不得不乘船旅行。 二、句型2:Subject (主语) +Link. V(系动词) +Predicate(表语) Our English teacher is thirty years old.我们的英语老师30岁了。 The cake tastes delicious.这个蛋糕吃起来很可口。 The potatoes went bad in the field.土豆在地里就坏了。 They seemed very happy together.他们在一起好像很幸福。 It gets colder and colder.天气越来越冷了。 The leaves have turned yellow. 树叶已经变黄了。 三、句型3:Subject(主语) +Verb (谓语)(谓语为及物动词)+Object (宾语) He put the dictionary in the backpack. 他把词典放进了背包里。 I saw her just now and she was doing her homework in the classroom.我刚 才看到她了,她正在教室做作业。 They haven’t decided when and where to hold the party. 他们还没有决定什么时候、在哪儿举办这次聚会。

初中英语讲义(教案): 初三语法 五种基本句型讲解和练习

句子成分和五种基本句型 一、导入 二、知识点回顾 略 (1)专题讲解 ☆专题1:词类 1. 十大词类 实词:可以在句子里面充当成分,可以独立出现 1.名词 n. 表示人和事物的名称,作主语、宾语等 2.代词 pron. 代替名词数词等,作主语、宾语等 3.动词 v. 表示动作,做谓语 4.形容词 adj. 表示人或事物的特征,作定语、表语,译作“….的” 5.副词 adv. 表示动作特征或性状特征,修饰动词,形容词或其它副词,做状语,译作“…地” 6.数词 num. 表示数目或顺序,做主语、宾语、表语、定语等 虚词:不能独立出现 7.冠词 art. 用在名词前帮助说明其意义,a / an / the 8.介词 prep. 用在名词,代词等前面,说明它与别的词之间的关系 9.连词 conj. 用来连接词与词或句与句 10.感叹词 interj. 表示说话时的感情或口气 ☆专题2:句子成分 1. 句子成分概述

组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分,既:主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。 1.主要成分:主语、谓语(必须有) 2.特定成分:宾语、表语、补语(在某种特定的句型里面出现) 3.附加成分:定语、状语(可有可无,可多可少) 2、句子各种成分的含义理解: 1)、主语:句子的主角,一个句子在说或讨论谁(啥),谁(啥)就是主语。主语一般放在句首。 (在“主+谓+宾”的句型结构中,主语是动作的执行者,宾语是动作的承受者。) E.g:Tom is a doctor. My father and my mother are teachers. Today is my birthday. I can see a desk in the room. Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. Beijing is a good place to visit. 2)、谓语:动词作谓语,谓语必须是动词(be/情态/实意动词)。一般放在主语的后面。谓语要跟前面的主语在“人称”和“数”上保持一致,这叫主谓一致。 E.g:I am a teacher. My parents work in a school. You can swim. Lucy doesn’t do homework every day The apple tastes good. He doesn’t like English. I can’t join the club. 3)、表语:表语对前面的主语起表明、表达、表现、表示的作用。表明了主语的身份、特征或状态。(表语一般为名词或形容词,用于“主+系+表”的结构中。) E.g:I am Lily. I am a teacher. That sounds interesting. We must keep healthy. My dream is to be a teacher. My teacher looks excited.

简单句的五种基本句型

简单句的五种基本句型 简单句是英语中的基本句子,了解和掌握这五种基本句型对学好英语极为重要。这五种基本句型是: 1.主语+不及物动词(主谓结构) 本结构是由主语加不及物动词构成,常用来表示主语的动作。此句型中不及物动词的常用法: (1)一般表达型。此类不及物动词常与表示时间、距离、重量、价值等的副词修饰语连用。 如:They worked day and night. 他们夜以继日地工作。 (2)主动形式表示被动含义型。此类动词常见的有:read, sell, wash, write, clean 等。 如:The theatre tickets sold well. 戏票很畅销。 This kind of cloth washes well.这种布料很容易洗。 2.主语+系动词+表语(主系表结构) 本结构是由"主语+系动词+表语"组成,主要用以说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。此句型中常见的系动词:be, become, come, get, smell, taste, feel, sound, remain, stay, appear, go, turn, fall, keep等。 (1)主语+系动词+形容词(作表语) 如:That argument sounds reasonable. 那个论据听起来有道理。 It feels good to be home. 在家的感觉真好。 (2)主语+系动词+名词(作表语) 如:Later he became a scientist. 他后来成为一个科学家。 He is a student. 他是个学生。 (3)主语+系动词+副词、介词短语或反身代词(作表语) 如:He is near. 他在附近。 This is of importance. 这很重要。 You’re not looking yourself today. 今天你看上去气色不太好。 3. 主语+及物动词+宾语(主谓宾结构) 此结构是由"主语+谓语+宾语"构成。其中的谓语动词须是及物动词(短语),宾语须是名词或相当于名词的成分。 (1)主语+及物动词+名词或代词(作宾语) 如:He raised his arms above his head. 他把手臂举过头顶。 Will you spend your holidays abroad this year? 你今年去国外度假吗? (2)主语+及物动词+动名词(作宾语)。此类及物动词(短语)有:advise, consider, avoid, mind, miss, suggest, finish, practise, imagine, enjoy, delay, escape, feel like, put off, insist on, give up, can’t help, stick to等。 如:I suggested taking a walk. 我建议去散步。 You should not give up studying. 你不该放弃学习。 (3)主语+及物动词+不定式(作宾语)。此类及物动词有:afford, agree, ask, expect, hope, want, wish, manage, pretend, decide, determine, learn, offer, plan, refuse等。 如:I hope to go to college. 我希望上大学。 The firm could not afford to pay such large salaries. 公司无法支付如此巨额的工资。

英语简单句五种基本句型详解

基本句型 英语句子成分的排列顺序与汉语不同。汉语放在前面的,英语可能要放在后面;而汉语放后面的,英语可能放在前面。即使是同样一句话,如果用词不同,句中的次序也会有变化。比如,“我每天骑自行车上学”,可以表达为I go to school by bike every day. 也可以表达为 I ride to school every day. 如果用图表分析一下,我们会看得更清楚: 这三个语句除了行为者"I"的位置没有变化外,其它都发生了变化,并且由于“上学”表达方式的不同,在句中的位置也发生了变化。 句子成分详解一览表及巧记口诀

句子成分学记口诀 主语谓语是基础,宾表定状补辅助。 宾主来自名代数,动词作谓不可无。 一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分: 1. The students got on the school bus. 2. He handed me the newspaper. 3. I shall answer your question after class. 4. His job is to train swimmers. 5. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing. 6. His wish is to become a scientist. 7. He wants to finish the work in time. 8. Tom came to ask me for advice(建议).

9. He found it important to master English. 10. Do you have anything else to say? 11. Would you please tell me your address? 12. He sat there, reading a newspaper. 13. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy. 14. He noticed(注意到)a man enter the room. 15. The apples tasted sweet. 简单句的五种基本句型 基本句型一:S十V主谓结构 这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词:appear, apologize, arrive, come, die, disappear, fall, happen, rise, eg: 这只小狗已经死了。_____________________________________

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