中美家庭价值观对比研究On the Differences of Family Values between China and America

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中美家庭价值观对比-英文版

Differences of Family Values Between China and AmericaAbstract :This paper tries to make a comparison of different family values between China and US, which appeared in many fields, for instance, the American emphasis the individualism but Chinese focus on the collectivism, the relationship between family members and their attitudes to each other are also quite different,the life style influenced by family values are varied. Reasons for these differences are complex, including different customs, cultures and social backgrounds and so on.Key words: family values, life styles, cultures, differences.Ⅰ.IntroductionFamily is the most basic unit of all human society. It reflects the ethical values of a society, its cultural characteristics and the unique features of a nation. People begin to learn anything about the world and their culture through the family they are brought up in. What you think, how you act, even your language, are all transmitted through the family from the wider cultural context.Family values are the core in the research of cultural values, and it has a huge influence on people’s thoughts and behaviors. So if we want to get a glimpse of the cultures of two different countries, it is necessary to know their different family values. In this paper we will analyze family values from different aspects, including the decisive family values, the attitude to the family members and their relationships, and the influences of family values.Ⅱ.The differences of family values.A.The individualism VS. the collectivismThe American emphasize the personal independence, while Chinese emphasize on the whole family, not any individual member. Children in America have more freedom than that in China. Their parents rarely interfere with their private affairs, and usually try to enhance children’s all-around abilities when they are young. Theyhandle their own affairs themselves and try to get support from their colleagues or experts who work in the relevant field, and their family members only give suggestions to them. The key point of its society is freedom. Obviously, we Chinese pay more attention to the interest of whole family than that of any individual’s. In China, children usually live with their parents even after they are grown-up, since Chinese people want a more united family and closer relationship between family members. The living style in China is different compared with that in America. Chinese people like to live with their parents and they think this kind of living style may help them have more opportunity to understand other family members. This kind of living style can narrow the gap between family members and when anybody faces with a problem, the others can help him effectively and efficiently. The living style also reflects that Chinese people mainly emphasize the whole family but not the individuals, which is quite different from Americans.B.The attitude to the family members and their relationships in China andAmerica.Chinese people have a big family with variety of relatives, which may be easy to cause competition and suspicion. So in order to maintain order and family harmony, they particularly advocate showing respect to their seniority in the light of the theory of law and discipline rite of Confucius. And 'Act you role well' is the key to a harmonious family relationship. All the family members should be ranked strictly and according to their position in the family hierarchy they would be treated separately and be required to do what they should do. So in traditional Chinese family, the elder is highly respected. Parents bring up their children, then after parents are getting old, it is their children’s responsibility and duty to care for them and give them both material and spiritual support. In the traditional Chinese family, father was always the centre. It is not because the feudal concept that man is superior to woman, but also for what man has earned is the main source of family’s incoming and usually man earns more money than woman. And woman is responsible for the family house working. Though most household affairs are solved and decided by mother, the most important thing related to the whole family are determined by father. Between parents andchildren, parents are given more privilege and right to control their children. To most Chinese parents, a good child means to be obedient and docile. It is normal for parents to arrange everything for their children.To Americans, it is normal that parents and children are separate; reunion is abnormal. Parents bring up children and the children continue to raise the offspring, so the aged is expelled to the society. For the attitude to bring up the children, American parents consider that they have the legal liability, but in a sense, the children should take responsibility for their behaviors. Americans sniff at the concept of filial piety and think it restrains their self-awareness and ego-development. Parents and their children don't need dependency relationship. In contrast, they should establish a kind of allowance system so as to instill the basic concept of self-dignity and self-love into their children. As a result, although children would be grateful for their parents' favors, they do not think they have the obligation to pay back. In America, if the parents still live together with their adult children, they should pay board wages and accommodation fee to children. And the same to their adult children who still live with their parents.The primary purpose of an American family is to advance the happiness, the equality and the freedom of every family member. Americans praise self-centered and deal with the family members and family affairs rationally. For the sake of themselves, they deem that family should make sacrifice. Family’s honor and unity are less important than that in Chinese society. In an American family, the democratic idea of equality is prevalent. Father and mother have equal right to make decision on family affairs and their children are given right to vote.C. Comparison of life style influenced by family values1. Different Financial StyleIn China，family members are financially dependent，that is to say all of the family members should help each other，especially when he or she meets the financial problems，which seems that people have the responsibility for helping their family members to overcome the difficulties. During the daily life，children should take care of their old parents financially even parents have the possibility to rely onthemselves. In America, family members are financially independent. Americans appreciate the individuality which requires them at first to get an independent financial freedom. That means they do not rely on their parents or family members when they grow up. Sometimes American thinks it is a kind of shame to be supported by their kind red members. That is the reason why in the case the father and the son felt at ease when they bought tickets for each other.2. Different Life StyleIn China , a stable life style is much appreciated by people. As it has already been discussed above, the strong family tie in China has been taken its shape for thousand years long. Family members and relatives prefer to live together in terms of convenience which could reflect the Chinese “guanxi” vividly. Even after the implementation of Open Policy from 1980s，though the traditional lifestyle is influences a lot，people still want to live as close as possible to their family members，relatives and friends. However，in America，there is no such a strong family tie as same as that in China，therefore，their life style are very mobile. Meanwhile, this life style is also influenced by their personal values, such as self-reliance，hard work，and a tie between achieving success in life，personal achievement etc，which encourage Americans to work all of the world for achieving their career goals and success.3. Different Public FestivalsThere are several festivals which come of family unity in Chinese official holidays, such as Spring Festival，Tomb–sweeping Day, Qixi Jie and Mid-autumn Festival. The most important festival is the Spring Festival existing in the history for almost over 2000 years long. During this festival, all family and relatives get together, which is the very precious chance for people to enlarge and strengthen family ties. In America，Chiristmas Day，Hallow-mas，Saint Valentine's Day，Thanksgiving Day are the most important holidays coming of Christianity. The most significant festival is the Christmas Day. Before the festival，all Americans also come back from their works for this big day；however，this festival is much more religious for the family members even though they do have the activities of family reunion.Ⅲ. ConclusionThe cultural differences between China and America are reflected in almost all aspects of family life. The present study focuses on various major aspects，such as the different family decisive values，different family relationship and attitudes, and influences caused by family values. It’s not just simply listing some phenomena and analyzing the cultural explanation . The intention of the study is to promote a better understanding between Chinese and American people by comparing the family values. We would like to say if we want to live peacefully and harmoniously under the same roof，the best thing we must do is to make an understanding between Chinese people and American people. Meanwhile，a good understanding of the difference will surely facilitate the cross-cultural communication of two peoples.【References】[1] HALL, E, F. The Hidden Dimension[M]. New York:double-day. 1996.[2] Stanley, Haverwas. A Community of Character[M]. Cam-bridge, 1984.。

中美家庭价值观

Sino-Us family valuescontrastAmerican family valuesWhen mentioning the difference of family values between Chinese and Americans , we may think firstly that Chinese people pay more attention to the family than Americans. However , it is just a fault. In my opinion, on account of the following matters, the fact is that the American family value is better than Chinese.Firstly, the relationship of the couple is stable in America. American people havemany opposite friends before they get married, while they become very loyal to each other after they are married. They respect each other, trust each other and take care of each other. In public, we can see American couples watch their children, and at the same time they have intimate conversations ,and they look like very casual and sweet. The phenomenon is rarely appeared in China, especially on these old couples.Secondly, every father has a strong sense of responsibility. In the library, in the supermarket or in the entertainment place, wherever the father goes, he always takesher children with him. But the mother is very free. She can get rid of the children's bother and do whatever she wants . This is a sharp contrast with the Male chauvinist which dominates in Chinese family.Thirdly, Americans are doing with families as basic units.When joining a party, going on a vacation, or being invited by colleagues to their houses, Americans are naturally joinging them with the whole family. This way of gathering is good for the consolidation of friendship not only between the family members but also between the friends.Fourthly, family is always in the first place. Many companies generally do not schedule a meeting after 4 am, because parents are going to pick their children from school. Many Americans have more of a sacrifice on the business for the family. A woman would rather resign her job after she gives birth to a baby. It is very common in the United States that everyone is willing to give up any perfect job for his or her family. However, it is quite different fin China. In most cases, the husband may participate the entertainment outside, or go out for travealling with his colleagues, leaving hiefamily aside.The family value Americans lives by seems strange to a Chinese people. As a result, we my find their actions confusing, even unbelievable. Nevertheless, nothing can conquer American family value, because it makes the unique character of the great nationality. This is actually great wealth of the United States, which makes America into a powerful nation in the world.Chinese family values Actually, there are a lot of dominant differences of family values betweenAmerica and China which derived from many traditional and historical concepts. First of all, as the individual ,we advocate that we should make contributions to our family , our society and our country. As we are very young, we are taught to be ready to make any sacrifice for our nation instead of our family, even giving up our precious lives. On the other hand , parents are the authority of a family, so we have to respect them and obey them under any circumstance. However, these are not advocated in the United States.American parents often teach their children to beindependent . Democracy is advocated in the family, so each member has gained the equal rights in the family status. Each individual is told that he has his right to choose his own life style, no one can stop him. Therefore ,in the American people's eyes, democracy and independence are the most significant elements to made up their lives.The other thing is that in China most people regard the house as their symbol of wealth. So having the private house is the main tendency of Chinese people. Because of this, the housing price is rising continually inChina to a degree that a number of people cannot afford it. And the housing problem has become a serious problem to limit people's living standard. Nevertheless, although America is the most developed nation in the world, its housing privatisation rate is well below China's. Many American people prefer to cohabitate instead of buying the expensive house by them.One another thing is that Chinese people regard money as rather an important role in their daily life. More and more people spend most of their time on work to get adequatemoney to support their family. In spite of weekends or vacations, people would rather look for part-time job than enjoy their holiday. It seems that Chinese always say we work day by day, and earn more money for our future generations. This is quite different from Americans. In their eyes, Life is so short, and alive is our great happiness. They just need to live in their own life, and let our children to live depending upon themselves.Because of the difference of traditional and historical concepts, the United Stateds and China are poles apart in our family values.While the two kinds of family values are in accordance with the Fundamental realities of each country . This will contribute the two countries to become the powerful nations in the world.。

中美家庭价值观差异论文英文

Differences of Family Values Between China and America中美家庭价值观差异AbstractThis paper tries to make a comparison of different family values between China and US, which appeared in many fields, for instance, the American emphasis the individualism but Chinese focus on the collectivism, the relation-ship between family members and their attitudes to each other are also quite different,the life style influenced by family values are varied.Reasons for these differences are complex, including different customs, cultures and social backgrounds and so on.摘要这篇论文比较了中美家庭价值观在不同方面的差异，比如，美国人强调个人主义而中国人注重集体主义，不同的家庭关系与成员间的态度，和由于家庭价值观对生活方式的不同。

产生差异的原因各不相同，包括不同的文化习俗，社会背景等等。

Key words:family values, life styles, cultures, differences.关键词：家庭价值观，生活方式，文化，不同点。

Ⅰ.IntroductionFamily is the most basic unit of all human society. It reflects the ethical values of a society, its cultural characteristicsand the unique features of a nation. People begin to learn anything about the world and their culture through the family they are brought up in. What you think, how you act, even your language, are all transmitted through the family from the wider cultural context.Family values are the core in the research of cultural values, and it has a huge influence on people’s thoughts and behaviors. So if we want to get a glimpse of the cultures of two different countries, it is necessary to know their different family values. In this paper we will analyze family values from different aspects,including the decisive family values, the attitude to the family members and their relationships,and the influences of family values.Ⅱ.The differences of family values.A.The individualism VS. the collectivismThe American emphasize the personal independence,while Chinese emphasize on the whole family, not any individual member.Children in America have more freedom than that in China.Their parents rarely interfere with their private affairs, and usual ly try to enhance children’s all-around abilitieswhen they are young. They handle their own affairs themselves and try to get support from their colleagues or experts who work inthe relevant field, and their family members only give suggestions to them.The key point of its society is freedom.Obviously, we Chinese paymore attention to the interest of whole family than that of any individual’s. In China, children usually live with their parents even after they are grown-up,since Chinese people want a more united family and closer relationship between family members. The living style in China is different compared with that in America. Chinese people like to live with their parents and they think this kind of living style may help them have more opportunity to understand other family members. This kind of living style can narrow the gap between family members andwhen anybody faceswith a problem, the others can help him effectively and efficiently. The living style also reflects that Chinese people mainly emphasize the whole family but not the individuals, which is quite different from Americans.B.The attitude to the family members and theirrelationships in China and America.Chinese people have a big family with variety of relatives, which may be easy to cause competition and suspicion. So in order to maintain order and family harmony, they particularly advocate showing respect to their seniority in the light of thetheory of law and discipline rite of Confucius. And 'Act you role well' is the key to a harmonious family relationship. All the family members should be ranked strictly and according to their position in the family hierarchy they would be treated separately and be required to do what they should do. So in traditional Chinese family, the elder is highly respected. Parents bring up their children, then after parents are getting old, it is their children’s responsibility and duty to care for them and give them both material and spiritual support. In the traditional Chinese family, father was always the centre. It is not because the feudal concept that man is superior to woman, but also for what man has earned is the main source of family’s incoming and usually man earns more money than woman. And woman is responsible for the family house working. Though most household affairs are solved and decided by mother, the most important thing related to the whole family are determined by father. Between parents and children, parents are given more privilege and right to control their children. To most Chinese parents, a good child means to be obedient and docile. It is normal for parents to arrange everything for their children.To Americans, it is normal that parents and children are separate; reunion is abnormal. Parents bring up children and thechildren continue to raise the offspring, so the aged is expelled to the society. For the attitude to bring up the children, American parents consider that they have the legal liability, but in a sense, the children should take responsibility for their behaviors. Americans sniff at the concept of filial piety and think it restrains their self-awareness and ego-development. Parents and their children don't need dependency relationship. In contrast, they should establish a kind of allowance system so as to instill the basic concept of self-dignity and self-love into their children. As a result, although children would be grateful for their parents' favors, they do not think they have the obligation to pay back. In America, if the parents still live together with their adult children, they should pay board wages and accommodation fee to children. And the same to their adult children who still live with their parents.The primary purpose of an American family is to advance the happiness, the equality and the freedom of every family member. Americans praise self-centered and deal with the family members and family affairs rationally. For the sake of themselves, they deem that family should make sacrifice. Family’s hon or and unity are less important than that in Chinese society.In an American family, the democratic idea of equality isprevalent. Father and mother have equal right to make decision on family affairs and their children are given right to vote.C. Comparison of life style influenced by family values1. Different Financial StyleIn China，family members are financially dependent，that is to say all of the family members should help each other，especially when he or she meets the financial problems，which seems that people have the responsibility for helping their family members to overcome the difficulties. During the daily life，children should take careof their old parents financially even parents have the possibility torely on themselves.In America,familymembers are financially independent. Americans appreciate the individuality which requires them at first to get an independent financial freedom. That means they do not rely on their parents or family members when they grow up. Sometimes American thinks it is a kind of shame to be supported by their kind red members. That is the reason why in the case the father and the son felt at ease when they bought tickets for each other.2. Different Life StyleIn China ,a stable life style is much appreciated by people. As it has already been discussed above, the strong family tie in Chinahas been taken its shape for thousand years long. Familymembersand relatives prefer to live together in terms of convenience which could reflect the Chinese “guanxi” vividly. Even after the implementation of Open Policy from 1980s，though the traditional lifestyle is influences a lot，people still want to live as close as possible to their family members，relatives and friends. However，in America，there is no such a strong family tie as same as that in China，therefore，their life style are very mobile. Meanwhile, this life style is also influenced by their personal values, such as self-reliance，hard work，and a tie between achieving success in life，personal achievement etc，which encourage Americans to work all of theworld for achieving their career goals and success.3. Different Public FestivalsThere are several festivals which come of family unity in Chi- nese official holidays, such as Spring Festival，Tomb–sweeping Day, Qixi Jie and Mid-autumn Festival. The most important festival is the Spring Festival existing in the history for almost over 2000 years long. During this festival, all family and relatives get together, which is the very precious chance for people to enlarge and strengthen family ties. In America，Chiristmas Day，Hallow-mas，Saint Valentine's Day，Thanksgiving Day are the most important holidays coming ofChristianity. The most ignificant festival is theChristmas Day. Before the festival，all Americans also come back from their works for this big day；however，this festival is much more religious for the family members even though they do have the activities of family reunion.Ⅲ. ConclusionThe cultural differences between China and America are re- flected in almost all aspects of family life. The present study focuses on various major aspects，such as the different family decisive values，different family relationship and attitudes, and influences caused by family values. It’s not just simply listing some phenomena and analyzing the cultural explanation . The intention of the study is to promote a better understanding between Chinese and American people by comparing the family values. We would like to say if we want to live peacefully and harmoniously under the same roof，the best thing we must do is to make an understanding between Chinese people and American people. Meanwhile，a good understanding of the differences will surely facilitate the cross-cultural communication of two peoples.【References】[1] HALL, E, F. The Hidden Dimension[M]. New York: double-day. 1996.[2] Stanley, Haverwas. A Community of Character[M]. Cam- bridge, 1984.[3]崔涌,王仁永.自主和多元化的和谐家庭观[J].南华大学学报, 2005(5).[4]关培兰,石宁.中美家庭伦理观比较[ J].道德与文明, 1998(5).[5]李玉艳,李静.浅谈中美家庭观的文化差异[J].现代企业教育, 2007(2).。

中美家庭价值观差异论文英文

产生差异的原因各不相同，包括不同的文化习俗，社会背景等等。

Key words:family values, life styles, cultures, differences.关键词：家庭价值观，生活方式，文化，不同点。

The differences of family education in China and America 跨文化交际论文

跨文化英语交际论文The differences of family education in China and America摘要：本文主要介绍中美文化里的一小部分，就是谈到的，中美文化里的家庭教育文化的差别。

我们都知道，相对与美国文化而言总的有以下几点的差别：1，不同的家庭成员关系，在中国，家长意味着权威；在美国更注重的是平等。

2，家长有不同的育儿观，中国家长希望孩子能在顺境中长大，美国家长却希望的是孩子的独立。

中美国的家长当然也有不同的教育方式。

中国家长总是在学习上要求过于严厉，美国家长更注重了孩子的自主学习的能力。

面对不同的文化，不同的成长背景，也有着不同的结果。

对于中美家庭文化的比较，主要阐述了文化中的差别.家庭礼仪文化也存在很大区别。

关键词：权威独立自主学习教育平等Abstract：In this passage ,we will talk about the little part of the difference between Chinese culture and America culture,the family culture .The family education culture have big influence on our personality ,what we do several years later are do with what we are taught in our family.The difference between Chinese and America family culture is a lot. 1,In China ,Parents mean authorities.However in America they are more concerned about equality. In china parents want their children can grown up without any difficulty ,in another way America parents want their kids can do all things by themselves. China parents are strict with the study of their children.America parents want their children can do all by themselves. Person grown up in different culture have different personalities.We should respect them all.Key worlds: authority independence study equalityIntroduction：Today,the communication between different culture are more frequently than before ,as the world is becomeing a big village.As we all can see,different cultures have different attitude to one things .The all their own thinking modes,the do the things in the way which the think is right. So ,when different people which grown up in different culture meet with each other ,there might be all kinds of problems and contradicts. How should we deal with it? How do we communicate with foreigners?What should we do we come along with people from different culture.It's a big challenge for us all.The family education is a kind of education that the elders, such as parents, grandparents, etc. have the effect on children and teach them. Family education is science which is one of the important branches of pedaFamily education is differing from other educations. At the first place, it is full of gogy. affection. Secondly, it is full of life interests and wide-covered and happens all the time. Then, it needs the proper optometry. What’s more, family education can not be finished at one time, it needs countless repetition. The last but not the least, it needs parents set an example, andexpress the great importance of model.Background of intercultural :We humans cannot live in a culture-free situation ,nor can we survive without communication .In today's "shrinking"world ,our communication behaviour is extended from that within our community to that among and between others,especially the communication between different culture.Nowadays multiculturalism plays a more significant part in the development of society as the trend of globalization, therefore our group made a research about the role of multiculturalism in social development.Under this background, we gathered some reference materials from Xinhua a b stract and Chinese spring and autumn. Comparison:Much evidence exists documenting the significance of one’s family education for educational. The right family education can help us develop an attitude toward ourselves and what we can become; can help us develop expectations concerning our education. It is in the environment created by the family that we receive informal education, and also encouragement, support, and models of behaviour for formal education pursuit.The parents is the child’s long-life teacher in family education, the current parents pay more attention to the family education, but it not equal to that the Chinese parents are good at family education. Family education is a science, an art and has its own character; it is totally differ from school education and social education. Many Chinese would say, “Teach child is an easy thing, and we need not learn it.”The Chinese feel good at them blindly, and teach their child is their inborn ability. Because of this kind of aware, many Chinese use the unsuitable ways, even the foolish ways to teach their child. As a rusty, they spend a lot of time and energy, but not get the best effort.The Chinese parents would like to look at their own child grow up day by day, and want to stay with the child. But the parents just care about the physical needs of a child, and ignore the spiritual needs. There is a gap between the parents and the child because lack of communication, especially the spirit commutation. Many Chinese are not satisfied with the child, although they are excellent enough. They always enlarge their weak points, and fade their strong points. To do like this, they think it is good for the child, but they don’t know they are striking the self- confidence of them.However America parents do different things. The American emphasis on individual, rather than the whole family, affects children in a contradictory way. Their family education is teaching them how to become independent. On the one hand, this form of family education causes them to get more attention, even more power than they should. On the other hand, most of the children whose parents are working outside should have gotten enough attention from either parent. Yet, parents who feel guilty for not having enough time with their children may give them as more material thingsas possible to compensate for lack of attention. And some parents who have job, they always find time to spend with their child.Some American families place more emphasis on the needs and desires of a child than on the child’s social and family responsibilities. After the World War, the Americans start to put their attention to the psychological need of a child. So the psychologist play an increasingly role in society. The Americans began to employ child psychologist, counselor and social worker helping the child shovels the problems which at schools and home. So, from that time, many books on how to raise children became best-sellers. Some of the books offered conflicting advices, and most of them shared the American emphasis on the development of individuals their goals. The current generation of parents is more care about teaching their children responsibility. Although most Americans still hold the basic belief that the major purpose of the family education is tell their children each of its member as individuals.Tocqueville observed the Americans’belief in self-reliance in 1830s: they owe nothing to any man, they except nothing from any man; they acquire the habit of always considering themselves as standing alone and they are apt to imagine that their whole destiny is in their own hands.Influence:the Chinese child has some passive tend more or less, although they are not second to the American on studying. They like working passively and timidly; and they always want to depend on others. Many Chinese child are poor in interpersonal skills and not in the habit of expressing their own ideas; and most of them have no the competence for handing money; the ability of independent living is poor for many children. In China, it is common that some adults still depend on their family to live. In a word, they lack of the ability for adapting the society. But on the other hand, under this kind of family education the Chinese child are good at memorizing. And most of the child learn on purpose, they are told the meaning of study which is for a good job, so they study attentively, without bothering about other things.However, the American child have actively character; they always stay cool, clam and collected in a crisis; they can keep harmonious relationship with people; they like woring actively and daring; they have the perseverance to come over the difficulty; most of them have the creative spirit. They have the confidence and courage to exist as a individual person. As is well known to us , American child are expected to “leave their nest”when they are eighteen, from that time, most of them are wouldn’t depend on their family. In a word, American child can adapt the society successfully. On the other hand, because the parents encourage the child to grow freely, so there are many mischiefs in America. The American too emphasis on individual, so there are many single parent families, as a result, the problem children become more and more obvious.Conclusion：Different culture have different idea on family education.so it will does differentinfluence on their children.What should we do is respect differentculture .otherwise ,we should make up your weakness.Bibliography :1.Banton,L.L.and Linda Lee.1999.The Multicultural Workshop .Beijing : China Machine Press.2.贾玉新. 2001 年 .跨文化交际学[M].上海：上海外语教育出版社.3.胡文仲. 2003年文化交际学概论[M].北京：外语教学与研究出版社.4.张爱琳 2008年跨文化交际重庆：重庆大学出版社.内部资料仅供参考*Jg&6a*CZ7H$dq 8KqqfHVZFed swSy XTy #&QA9wk Fy eQ^!djs#Xuy UP2k NXpRWXmA&UE9aQ@Gn8xp$R#&#849G x^Gjqv^$UE9wEwZ#Qc@UE%&qYp@Eh5pDx2zV um&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu##KN&MuW A5u xY7JnD6YW RrWwc^vR9CpbK!zn%Mz849Gx^Gjqv^$UE9wEw Z#Qc@UE%&qYp@Eh5pDx2zV um&gTXRm6X4NG pP$vST T#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu##KN&MuW A5ux^Gjqv^$UE9wEw Z#Qc@UE%&qYp@Eh5pDx2zV um&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vST T#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu##KN&MuW A5uxY 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中美家庭价值观差异-翻译

中美家庭价值观差异-翻译中美家庭价值观差异比较研究摘要：本文试图对中美两国在许多领域显现出的不同的家庭价值观进行分析对比，例如：美国人强调个人主义，但是中国人却注重集体精神；家庭成员之间的关系以及他们对于彼此的态度也大不相同；受不同家庭价值观念影响的生活方式也是多种多样的。

造成这些差异的原因是复杂的，它包括两国不同的风俗习惯、文化及社会背景等因素。

关键字：家庭价值观、生活方式、文化、不同点一，简介家庭是所有人类社会最基本的单元。

它反映了一个社会的伦理价值，其文化特色和一个民族的独特功能。

人们通过他出生、成长的家庭环境开始了解世界上的任何东西以及他们的文化。

你的思想，你的行为，甚至你的语言，都是通过家庭在更为广泛的文化背景下习得的。

家庭价值观是文化价值研究的核心，它对于一个人的思想和行为有着巨大的影响。

因此，如果我们想要了解两个不同国家的文化，就很有必要先了解他们不同的家庭价值观念。

在本文中，我们将从不同角度探讨家庭价值观念，当然也包含一些起决定性作用的家庭价值观、家庭成员间的态度以及他们之间的关系。

二，不同的家庭观念（一），个人主义和集体主义美国人十分强调个人的独立性，然而中国人却十分强调整个家庭，当然也并不是所有的中国人都这么认为。

相对于中国而言，美国儿童能够享受到更多的自由。

他们的家长很少干预他们的私人事务，并且非常注重从小锻炼、提高他们的各种能力。

他们可以自己处理自己的事务，并能够不断尝试从他们的同事或这从事相关领域研究的专家那里得到帮助和支持，与此同时，他们的家庭成员只是会给出他们的提供一些意见而已。

这就是美国社会的关键点—自由。

很显然，中国人比起在意某一个人的个人利益而更加在意全家人的共同利益。

在中国，孩子通常和父母一起生活，甚至在他们成年之后。

因为中国人非常希望拥有一个更为团结的家庭组织以及家庭成员之间亲密无间的关系。

因而中国人的这种生活方式和美国人是截然不同的。

中国人喜欢与父母住在一起，他们认为这种生活方式可以帮助他们有更多的机会去了解其他的家庭成员。

中西方家庭观念差异的比较英文文献资料

中西方家庭观念差异的比较英文文献资料A Thorough Comparison of the Differences in the FamilyValues Between Chinese and Western CountriesI. The Definition and Function of Family ValuesII. A Comparison of Family Values2. 1 A Comparison of Marriage2. 1. 1 A Comparison of Marital Values between China and Western Countries2. 1. 2 The Contradiction in Marriage and Family Stability2. 2. The Comparison of Providing for the Old Folks2. 2. 1 A Comparison of Attitudes and Methods of Providing for the Old Folks2.2.2 The Function of Old People in Family and Society2. 3 The Comparison of Children’s Education2.3.1 .The Comparison of Methods of Children Education2.3.2 The Function of Young People in the Family and SocietyIII. The Comparison of Family Values in Different Social Classes3.1 A Comparison of the Family Value of the Bottom Class3.2 A Comparison of the Family Value of the Middle Class3.3 A Comparison of the Family Value of the Upper ClassIV. The Influence of Family Values in the SocietyA Thorough Comparison of the Differences in the Family Values Between Chinese and Western CountriesThe role of family is really important in the society; therefore, different conceptions of family would cause different social phenomena, which will have an impact on social stability and the national economy. The traditional concept is challenged by modernization. Through comparing the difference between thetwo, it depicts the perspectives of different people on family, helps see clearly the impact on the society stability and the national economic development and thus, to understand well the relationship between the person, the family and the nation, the individual, the collective body and the society.I. The Definition and Function of Family Values1。

中西方家庭观念的差异论文

中西方家庭观念的差异任艳琳英日1201班0305120111AbstractThe family is the basic unit of blood or marriage, adoption of social organization. The family is an important part of human social. The family has family values, family values is the leading family changes. The concept of family including marriage, morality and law concept. In any country, family is an important social unit, the influence can not be ignored and the role of family relationship to the people and people, people and society.Key Words: structure; sense; attach; responsibility.The Different Family Value in Western andChinaIntroductionFamily values in China and America are quite typical, the difference of which are demonstrated in many different ways. Family values reflected the tendency of people’s outlooks. Therefore, the influences of family values are demonstrated in many aspects, such as cultures, social structures and personal development. The analyses of family values can help us to better understand the differences between eastern and western countries in cultures, social structures and personal development as well, as to acquire further insight in culture shock and gap’s in communication.I. The differences between the Western and Chinese family structureThe Chinese people attach great importance to the relationship between blood relatives, therefore, the main characteristics of the Chinese family structure is the big family. Modern Chinese society has two major family structure: nuclear families and extended family. A pair of couples with children, two generation family called core family; three and even four generations of the family is the extended family.By comparison, Westerners about blood relationship and not so much Chinese. In western countries, the nuclear family occupies the absolute dominant position, while the extended family very little, in addition, there are single parent families, single parent families, cohabitation families form. People pay more and more attention to the "nuclear family", while the three generation, lineal relatives by blood and collateral relatives by blood beyond two generation is indifferent.II. The differences between the Western and Chinese family values2.1 Different values between the Western and ChinaDue to the family structure, family values were different. China has five thousand years of history of civilization, the precipitation many excellent culture, also spread a lot of good habits and customs, the Chinese traditional idea of the family is contained in the culture and habits. In Chinese ancient and modern society, theconcept of family firm has to maintain social stability has played a big role, also gave birth to many classical virtues, such as care for the young, harmony of couples, neighborhood unity, still, thrifty, the traditional family concept of Chinese social order has played a role in maintaining the great. However, with the development and change of social environment makes the original family unit is destroyed, personal growth experiences in traditional concept also changes with the times. The original multigenerational phenomenon is rarely exist, replace sb. Is often keep house the next generation, the family unit has not directly represents a family. However, Chinese family values are affected by the traditional family values, the Chinese family values is still strong, the blood relationship, family ethics, is ingrained in the brain, parents, children always one family.2.2 Different historical reasons caused different family valuesIn the Chinese family, has been pursuing a tradition of respect for the elderly. Old people often suffer from family, society is respect. In the Chinese family, the children at a young age dependent on their parents, parents for home made many personal sacrifices, they want their children to obey. When children grow up the responsibility to take care of their parents, but in some cases will continue to rely on their parents.Historically, Chinese family values is very strong, family consciousness is strong, for example the simplest example -- Chinese name, the first general is the family name, and then is the name, name often have a same generation of unified using sign used to living word, name as a symbol of family and family, Chinese put him in the front, on behalf of his name on the back, in a side also proved that in the eyes of the Chinese people, the family is much higher than that of their own, to have a family, after their.By comparison, Westerners about blood relationship and not Chinese so seriously. The foundation of Western society in the personal, Western cultural values of individualism is the core. Praise the value of people, to promote human dignity and the free development of personality. In western families, the relationship between parents and children is more equal. There is not much dependence relation between children and parents, the children after school don't live at home, the young man is proud to stand on one's own. The old parents not to depend on their children as children, also does not have the responsibility to support their parents, both sides does not have so many obligations and responsibilities in the family, the relationship between parents and children equal.Social and family to treat the elderly can still reflect the independence and individualism. Their financial support usually consists of social welfare and healthsystem to reduce the family to rely on. In general, the elderly will find their own friends instead of relying on their children emotionally. The United States of America's parents did not send their children to stay filial thoughts, they encourage adult children to live independently, that once their children marry and settle down as behoove should move out. In most western countries, the elderly pension after real homes and welfare institutions spend, American society in general are for young people. This reflects the difference of family concept of the West from the other side.ConclusionDifferences between western family values in comparison, not to judge who is good and who is not good, but to understand the differences, look different, a better understanding of the western culture. Any national culture has its own characteristics, are worth learning place other nationalities. The differences between the Chinese and Western family values, to some extent reflects the Chinese and Western cultural traditions of different, nothing is absolutely good or bad. Culture is the same, culture is not good or bad, should recognize, respect and learn different culturesBibliography:〚1〛陈春莲.中西传统家庭教育的比较[z]。

中西方价值观不同的英语作文

中西方价值观不同的英语作文In China, family values are deeply rooted in the culture. Respect for elders, harmony within the family, and filial piety are highly valued. The concept of "filial piety" means respecting and caring for parents and elders, which is seen as a fundamental virtue. Family ties are extremely important, and decisions are often made with the family's best interests in mind.On the other hand, in Western cultures, individualism and self-reliance are key values. People are encouraged to be independent thinkers, pursue their own dreams, and make choices based on their own values and beliefs. While family is important, personal growth and fulfillment are seen as essential.In Chinese society, collectivism is often emphasized. People tend to work together for the good of the group or community, rather than solely for personal gain. This is reflected in the workplace, where teamwork and cooperationare highly valued.However, in Western societies, competitiveness and achievement are prized. Success is often measured by individual accomplishments, such as career success, wealth, and fame. People are encouraged to strive for their own success and to stand out from the crowd.Communication styles also differ between Chinese and Western cultures. In China, indirectness and subtlety are often preferred in communication, with an emphasis on maintaining harmony and avoiding conflict. Westerners, on the other hand.。

跨文化交流之中美家庭教育差异

The differences of family education betweenChina and America【Abstract】This paper makes a comparison of family education between China and American . It is well known that family is the first school in children’s life. Family education often play a big part in physical development﹑nature talent and shape characters of children. Chinese parents ruled children’s life, arranged their matters and excessively concerned about the grade points. While American parents respect children, pay attention to ability development and intelligence advancement. We could aware of the defects in our family education from the comparison of family education between China and America, thereby improving our family educational system.Key words: China, America, family education, difference, parents, children, educationBody:Chapter 1Defects of Chinese family educationChinese contemporary family education is greatly influenced by traditional Chinese culture and Chinese custom. It is also conditioned by the feudal family system. First, parents are rulers. Parents are supreme rulers. In one family only what the parents say goes, children have to do as they were told and have no rights to choose what they want. Most of the parents in China do not concern their children’s feeling; because they think what they do for the children is just the children’s needs. Secondly, over-indulgence. Due to the implementation of one-child policy, one child family came in increasing numbers. The Chinese children have been considered as the apple in their parents’ eyes, even like a little emperor in ancient times. So Chinese parents tend to over-indulge their children and try to do almost everything for them. For instance: feeding their children, dressing their children and bathing their children when their children have already old enough to do those things by themselves. Parents help their children to do everything in all aspects of life. We can always see parents in a stream of cars to send and pick their children from school. What’s more, lots of parents fear that their children will face dangers or become bad by the harmful effect of society; they keep their children away from society. They don’t permit their children go to the outside along. Therefore, Chinese children don’t have opportunity to contract with society. Third: laissez-faire economics. In China, it is not surprising that an elementary school child have cell phone, mp4, laptop and digital camera. Parents spent all their hard-earned money on their children. Parents will meet all their children’s requirements on economy.Chapter2Merits of American family educationFirst: respect children, treat them equal. American parents have a high respect for their children’s idea. In order to cultivate children’s self-respect and self-confidence, parents will squat down when they talk with children. American children have the rights to do what they want, their parents never control them, what they will do is just a simple advice. Secondly: focus on independency. The most difference of family education between China and America is that American parents pay more attention to the development of children’s independence. Because they think children must form a self-supporting will and the ability to live by themselves since their childhood. Therefore, it is no strange to see many American children washing clothes, cooking and weeding. Third: economic independence. In America few parents will give pin money to children. Parents encourage children to work and earn money. According to statistics, about 54% American children can not get pin money from parents. American parents give children enough opportunity to contract with society which allows them to be fully trained in various matters since they were young. They think part-time job or something like that can gain their children’s experience and capability to adjust society.Chapter 3Personal opinionsWe may know from what has been said above that Chinese family education remains many problems to be solved. The American family education is worth China learning.Now, please let me put forward some opinions to our family education.First: stress on capability cultivation. Our Chinese parents are excessively cared about their children’s study. In order to make children have good points in study, they do not let children do anything except studying. This leads to the ability shortage of children in daily life. From my point of view, our parents should learn from American parents on family education to offer more opportunities to let children contact with society. Only the child who has tasted bitter without parent’s protection can gain the capability and confidence to adjust society. Secondly: respect children’s choice. In China, children just like parents’ private property. In parents’minds, children should be obedient to them. They make the decision for children and never thought of their feeling. This may lead to a bad result that is children are lack of interest in everything because all the things are arranged by their parents. While the American parents do not put pressure on their children. They believe that children have the right to decide something by themselves. American Parents and children have equal at home. Chinese parents should learn from the experience of American parents. Third: encouraging children. I always see a parent criticizing her child in public but never see a parent who praising her child in public. If the criticize last a long time, the children will be self-contempt. When they face difficulty they can not perform well. American parents encouraged their children to do anything they like. If the child finished it, they will say kind words of praise. This will help a lot on developing children’s confidence.ConclusionIn this paper we have explored the difference of family education between China and America. From above we can see the Chinese family education have some defects and the American family education have more merits than ours. We should not only carry forward the good and traditional part of Chinese family education but also learn from the modern American family education. In this way, our next generation shall grow up healthy and strong.Bibliography:(1)卢勤：《告诉孩子，你真棒》，长江文艺出版社。

中美家庭价值观对比-英文版

Differences of Family Values Between China and AmericaAbstract :This paper tries to make a comparis on of differe nt family values betwee n China and US, which appeared in many fields, for instanee, the American emphasis the in dividualism but Chin ese focus on the collectivism, the relati on ship betwee n family members and their attitudes to each otheare also quite different, the life style in flue need by family values are varied. Reas on sfor these differe nces are complex, in clud ing differe nt customs, cultures and social backgro unds and so on.Key words: family values, life styles, cultures, differe nces.I」ntroductionFamily is the most basic unit of all human society. It reflects the ethical values of a society, its cultural characteristics and the unique features of a n ati on. People beg in to lear n anything about the world and their culture through the family they are brought up in. What you think, how you act, eve n your Ian guage, are all tran smitted through the family from the wider cultural con text.Family values are the core in the research of cultural values, and it has a huge in flue nee on people ' s thoughts and behaviors. So if we want to get a glimpse of the cultures of two different countries, it is necessary to know their different family values. In this paper we will analyze family values from different aspects, including the decisive family values, the attitude to the family members and their relationships, and the in flue nces of family values.n .The differences of family values.A. The individualism VS. the collectivismThe America n emphasize the pers onal in depe nden ce, while Chin ese emphasize on the whole family, not any in dividual member. Childre n in America have more freedom tha n that in Chi na. Their pare nts rarely in terfere with their private affairs, and usually try to enhance children a lls-around abilities when they are young. Theyhan die their own affairs themselves and try to get support from their colleagues or experts who work in the releva nt field, and their family members only give suggestions to them. The key pointof its society is freedom. Obviously, we Chinese pay more atte nti on to the in terest of whole family tha n that of any in dividual Ins.China, children usually live with their parents even after they are grown-up, since Chin ese people want a more un ited family and closer relati on ship betwee n family members. The living style in China is different compared with that in America. Chinese people like to live with their parents and they think this kind of living style may help them have more opport unity to un dersta nd other family members. This ki nd of liv ing style can n arrow the gap betwee n family members and whe n an ybody faces with a problem, the others can help him effectively and efficiently. The living style also reflects that Chin ese people ma in ly emphasize the whole family but not the in dividuals, which is quite differe nt from America ns.B. The attitude to the family members and their relationships in China and America.Chin ese people have a big family with variety of relatives, which may be easy to cause competition and suspicion. So in order to maintain order and family harmony, they particularly advocate show ing respect to their seni ority in the light of the theory of law and discipline rite of Confucius. And 'Act you role well' is the key to a harm onious family relati on ship. All the family members should be ran ked strictly and according to their position in the family hierarchy they would be treated separately and be required to do what they should do. So in traditi onal Chin ese family, the elder is highly respected. Pare nts bring up their childre n, the n after pare nts are gett ing old, it is their children re s ponsibility and duty to care for them and give them bothmaterial and spiritual support. In the traditional Chinese family, father was always the cen tre. It is not because the feudal con cept that man is superior to woma n, but also for what man has earned is the main source of family ' s incoming and usually man earns more money tha n woma n. And woma n is resp on sible for the family house worki ng. Though most household affairs are solved and decided by mother, the most importa nt thing related to the whole family are determined by father. Between parents and childre n, pare nts are give n more privilege and right to con trol their childre n. To most Chin ese pare nts, a good child means to be obedie nt and docile. It is no rmal for pare nts to arrange everythi ng for their childre n.To America ns, it is no rmal that pare nts and childre n are separate; re union is abno rmal. Pare nts bring up childre n and the childre n con ti nue to raise the offspri ng, so the aged is expelled to the society. For the attitude to bring up the children, American parents consider thatthey have the legal liability, but in a sense, the childre n should take resp on sibility for their behaviors. America ns sniff at the con cept of filial piety and think it restrains their self-awareness and ego-development. Parents and their childre n don't n eed depe ndency relati on ship. In con trast, they should establish a ki nd of allowa nce system so as to in still the basic con cept of self-dig nity and self-love into their childre n. As a result, although childre n would be grateful for their pare nts' favors, they do not think they have the obligati on to pay back. In America, if the parents still live together with their adult children, they should pay board wages and accommodation fee to children. And the same to their adult children who still live with their pare nts.The primary purpose of an America n family is to adva nce the happ in ess, the equality and the freedom of every family member. America ns praise self-ce ntered and deal with the family members and family affairs rati on ally. For the sake of themselves, they deem that family should make sacrifice. Family ' honor and unity are less importa nt tha n that in Chin ese society .In an America n family, the democratic idea of equality is prevale nt. Father and mother have equal right to make decisi on on family affairs and their childre n are give n right to vote.C. Comparison of life style influenced by family values1. Different Financial StyleIn Chi na, family members are finan cially depe ndent that is to say all of the family members should help each other, especially when he or she meets the financial problems, which seems that people have the responsibility for helping their family members to overcome the difficulties. During the daily life , children should take care of their old parents financially even parents have the possibility to rely on themselves. In America, family members are finan cially in depe ndent. America ns appreciate the individuality which requires them at first to get an independent financial freedom. That means they do not rely on their parents or family members when they grow up. Sometimes American thinks it is a kind of shame to be supported by their kind red members. That is the reas on why in the case the father and the son felt at ease whe n they bought tickets for each other.2. Different Life StyleIn China , a stable life style is much appreciated by people. As it has already been discussed above, the strong family tie in China has been taken its shape for thousand years long. Family members and relatives prefer to live together in terms of convenience which could reflect theChinese “ guanxi vividly. Even after the implementation of Open Policy from 1980s, though the traditional lifestyle is in flue nces a lot, people still want to live as close as possible to their family members relatives and friends. However, in America , there is no such a strong family tie as same as that in China therefore, their life style are very mobile. Meanwhile, this life style is also in flue need by their pers onal values, such as self-relia ncehard work, and a tie between achieving success in life personal achievement etc which encourage America ns to work all of the world for achiev ing their career goals and success.3. Different Public FestivalsThere are several festivals which come of family unity in Chin ese official holidays, such as Spring FestivaJ Tomb-sweeping Day, Qixi Jie and Mid-autumn Festival. The most important festival is the Spring Festival existing in the history for almost over 2000 years long. During this festival, all family and relatives get together, which is the very precious cha nee for people to enl arge and stre ngthe n family ties. In America, Chiristmas Day , Hallow-mas , Saint Vale nti ne's Day Than ksgi ving Day are the most important holidays coming of Christianity. The most significant festival is the Christmas Day. Before the festival , all America ns also come back from their works for this big day; however , this festival is much more religious for the family members eve n though they do have the activities of family reunion.川.ConclusionThe cultural differe nces betwee n Chi na and America are reflected in almost all aspects of family life. The prese nt study focuses on various major aspects such as the differe nt family decisive values , differe nt family relati on ship and attitudes, and in flue nces caused by family values. It 'not just simply listi ng some phe nomena and an alyz ing the cultural expla nati on . The in ten ti on of the study is to promote a better un dersta nding betwee n Chin ese and America n people by compari ng the family values. We would like to say if we want to live peacefully and harm onio usly un der the same roof, the best thi ng we must do is to make an un dersta nding betwee n Chin ese people and America n people. Mean while, a good un dersta nding of the differe nee will surely facilitate the cross-cultural com muni cati on of two peoples.【Refere nces[1] HALL, E, F. The Hidden Dimension[M]. New York: double-day. 1996.[2] Sta nley, Haverwas. A Commu nity of Character[M]. Cambridge, 1984.。

中美家庭观念的文化差异比较英文论文

On the Cultural Differences in the Family Concepts between Chinaand AmericaⅠ.The Root Causes of Sino-US Cultural DifferencesII. The Definition of Family between Chinese and American2.1 The Definition of Family in China2.2 The Definition of Family in America2.3 The Contrast resultⅢ. The Comparison of Family Concept between China and America3.1 The Comparison of Family System3.1.1 The Comparison of Family Size3.1.2 The Comparison of the Relationship of Family Member3.1.3 The Comparison of Family Function3.2 The Comparison of Children’s Education3.2.1 The Comparison of the Concept of Children’s Education3.2.2 The Comparison of the Methods of Children’s Education3.3 The Comparison of Old Folks' Support3.3.1 The Comparison of the Concept of Old Folks' Support3.3.2 The Comparison of the Methods of Old Folks' SupportⅣ. ConclusionOn the Cultural Differences in the Family Concepts between China and AmericaThis is China, an ancient nation with 5000 years of history, glorious past and advanced civilization. That is the United States, a young, multi-culture country which soon became the leader of the world. Compared with these two countries, there are many different aspects between them. Language is the first distinction, along with different skin color, hair color, and facial features. According to the bible, God creates the world, and he has wills for every creature below him. Humans are too far away from him to clearly see his will. But history and tradition of a society can tell what God’s wills are. From the past it tells that human gather around to form society. In a society, humans experience different version of God’s wills, and then write downGod’s wills as history. Without a society, human cannot move on; human cannot protect each other; human can not survive. Family is one of the fundamental elements that ma ke up a society, and without individuals, there’s no such thing called home. So here’s the answer, besides the biological differences between the Asians and Westerner, what makes Chinese and American culture unique and stand out are their own tradition, history, and family.Ⅰ.The Root Causes of Sino-US Cultural DifferencesIn general, the cultural difference is at first comes from to the natural world understanding difference, the physical geography condition has decided the various national various areas culture development initial direction. Three plateau sea's relatively unenlightened region characteristic, caused ancient times the Chinese culture basically to isolate at the same time with outside, but this has also provided the advantageous condition for the agricultural civilization's growth, and has formed take this as the foundation and the small peasant economy as the characteristic economic form. At the same time, the river continental environment and creates the self-sufficient natural economy causes the Chinese to approve that sentiment of the natural, fetters firmly the people on the land, but the agricultural society's stability, family member relatives and friends' long-term living together, who will enable the Chinese to be reluctant to part ways since old times looks heavily, this let the Chinese nation display happily to the thought emotion one unhappy many, with unhappy different, happy static is unhappy moves happily, steady is unhappy changes happily. But the Western culture's running water source is the ancient Greece culture, the ancient Greece civilization originates in Mediterranean Sea, its locates the marine environment has raised the Western nationality primitive risk flare national disposition. In their opinion, humanity's strength and the sea compare appear are very tiny and are frail, but the humanity depended upon bravely, resolute, the great struggle spirit which own had to conquer the sea, therefore humanity's breadth of spirit was greater than the sea, all these also molded the Western nationality to open, the brave disposition. Therefore, looked from the entire ancient times society and the cultural phenomenon that the Western is take individual as a beginning, develops outward, unceasingly self-pursue, self-development, simultaneously also self-innovation. But because China the enclosed type, satisfies-like the agricultural society, displays intensely to local thinking of fondly, to peaceful life yearning.II. The Definition of Family between Chinese and American2.1 The Definition of Family in ChinaIn China, The family not only means the opposite sex and the people to breed the community which the children compose, but also means the collection blood relationship inherits, the marital union, the production operation, the finance expends, the social enlightenment etiquette control and so on many functions are even a body's social smallest unit. Generally, the family member lives together, carries on the production and the expense together, moreover unifies according to the blood relationship, which is also called the human society the biological reproduction unit.The family is forms economical division of taking men and women's labor as the foundation. Outside including in the higher paraffin in the geographical groups, between the same-type geographical groups, take avoids the marriage and the close relative marriage as the principle, and maintains the close neighbor is relating, is one kind of institution social unit. Therefore, it is humanity's unique universal unit. Chinese's attachment to family, blood relationship, dear ones ethics, in brain ingrained, parents, children throughout whole family. Even if gets married and begins a career, in addition supposes the gateway, still shared everything with the parents, the support parents, attends on one's parents, regards as itself should the completely responsibility.Home is like a tree; Home is like a machine, it is made up of many different parts. In this machine, every part is as important as others. That is home, that is family. You can leave your home, you can hate your home, you can curse your home, but you can never forget about your home. Someday, you will think about your home when you feel lonely. In China, people tend to view home as their heart of love, home is the soul of a family.2.2 The Definition of Family in AmericaFamily, defined by the United States Bureau of the Census, is a group of two or more persons related by blood, marriage, or adoption. Accordingly, unmarried people (either heterosexual or homosexual) living together and foster families are excluded and this is disagreeable to many. In fact, in many cases, the definition of a family is more flexible. For example, courts have ruled that the definition of a family may include two adult partners whose interdependent relationship is long-term and characterized by an emotional and financial commitment, rather than view family members as partners exclusively related by blood, marriage, or adoption.In American people’s opinion, families are to provide love, w armth, and support to every member of it. The ideal of the family is group cooperation to help achieve the fulfillment of each individual member, and shared affection to renew each member’s emotional strength. In contrast to that of many other cultures, the primary responsibility of the American family member is not to advance the family as s group, either socially or economically, nor to bring honor to the family name. A family is considered a very important institution where the fundamental values and traditions of certain social group is taught and passed down from generation to generation.2.3 The Contrast resultAccording to an international survey, Asian children tend to live longer with their parents and contribute income to the household than the Am erican’s. Because of the unique tradition, Chinese children are more dependent on their family. The definition of home to them is a place once they will stay and depend on it for the rest of their life. In China, home is home. Once it becomes their home, no matter how busy they are, they will always come back and visit their home. American children are not like the Chinese. In westerner’s mind, home is just a place they used to grow up with, and they do not wish to always stay at their home. So as they grew older, they will leave their home, and find some other places to start their own “love net.”Chinese tend to contribute more incomes to its family than Americans. Because in China, family still plays a strong role, the family’s income depends on the pare nts when the children are still young, and the income will depends on the children when they grew up and their parents will retire. The unique Chinese tradition indicate when girls are married, they will live with their husbands’ family and contribute inco me to them. That’s why for almost five thousand years, the conception of boys are always more important than girls. Many families desire to have boys rather than girls. There’s an old saying, “a married daughter is like some spilled water, can never come back.” That’s why now in China, there are more boys and girls and a lot of boys with poor condition cannot marry a girl to have a family. Once the girl is married, she can sometimes visit her parents home, but most of the time, she will live with her husband, and her husband’s parents.Ⅲ. The Comparison of Family Concept between China and America3.1 The Comparison of Family System3.1.1 The Comparison of Family SizeIn China, because of the overpopulation during the mid-20th century, the government has to introduce and apply the “One Child Policy” to each new married couple beginning in 1979. Since the policy is introduced, each married couple can only have one child unless the child has disability or is deceased, then, the couple can have a second child. This policy is somewhat violate the human rights but after the implement of this policy, the population of China is under control. Anyway, because of the One Child Policy, each family can only have one kid. However, this doesn’t mean the size of a family in China is smaller than the U.S. When most of the couple got married, they will live with their parents and contribute income to the household. So generally, the family size in China is about 5, includes father, mother, one child, grand parents from father’s side. The family size will m ostly remain 5 unless the grandparents are deceased or if the grandchild gets married.There is not such policy in the U.S. to restrict how many kids each couple can have. Therefore the size of family in the U.S. can be varied by the couple’s own will. Generally, each couple will have 2 or more children. However, also because the U.S. is a multi-culture society, there are many different immigrants migrate to this nation, and they also brought many different traditions to this country. According to a national survey, non-Latino whites (also called the Anglo-Saxon core) tend to have fewer descendants for each family, and most of the children are better educated. However, Mexican-Americans, African Americans and Russian-Americans will have more children in each household compare to the whites and Asian Americans. Compare to the one-child-per-family in China, the family size in the U.S. is a lot different than China’s. Generally, non-Latino whites, Arab Americans and Asian Americans’ family size in the United Sta tes are about 5, including father, mother and 2 or 3 children. However, Mexican Americans, Russian Americans, Puerto Rican Americans, and African Americans can have a family size of up to 10. Interestingly, the family income of each subpopulation is inversely proportional to their family size.In the United States, non-Latino whites, Arab Americans and Asian Americans totally have a higher income than Mexican Americans and Russian Americans.In America, it is a lot different. A woman can marry a man and can still live with her parents. However, this situation is also not common seen because most of the married couple will move out and have their own places. They will start their own family. In America, the parents are responsible for their own wellness when they are old. It is not their children’s responsibility to take care of them. Therefore the family income of a house depends on the parents, even when the children grew up and have the ability to make money. If the parents are poor, the children will be poor when they still depend on their parents; if the children are rich, the parents can still be poor if the children are not kind to their parents. There’s no such tradition that grown-ups have to take care of their parents, and contribute income to them. Nevertheless, there law restrictions state that when children are still young, their parents have to take full responsibility for them until they turn eighteen.Though stereotypically man is considered head of a family, one has to remind oneself that the patterns of American families have now dramatically changed. Actually, now three out of every ten American households are headed by a woman. Now more American women are working outside the home. And house chores are shared between man and woman under the same roof. In general, women have the same educational and woman under the same roof. In general, women have the same educational and employment opportunities as men. They hold important positions in companies and other institutions. However, American women still strive to protect their rights and to achieve equal representation of men and women in high-level positions.3.1.2 The Comparison of the Relationship of Family MemberIn China, the family relationship is somewhat complicated than in U.S. Because when the girls get married, they will move to their husbands’ house, and because their husbands are living with their parents, therefore the girls also need to live with them. Once the girls gave birth, the family size will mostly remain 5—two grandparents, parents, and one child. In China, there are always conflicts between the girl and her mother-in-law. When the girl gets married, she moves out and lives with her parents-in-law. Before she got married, she doesn’t even know her mother-in-law, and her mother-in-law also doesn’t know her. When two stranger live together, conflicts arose. There are many movies and TV shows that describe the relationship between the mother and the daughter-in-law.In contrast to China, the family relationship in the U.S. is a lot simpler. Because the married couple doesn’t have to live with their parents, the conflicts between daughter and mother-in-law are very slight. In the U.S., when the son gets married, he will move out from his parents’ house and live with his wife in anothe r place. In generally, they will visit their own parents once in a while and many during big event such as Christmas and Thanksgiving, they will gather together to have a dinner. That’s the American style. Because the daughter and mother-in-law can barely see each other during the year, when they gather around, they tend to be nice to each other and try not to increase the conflicts. The system of family in the United States is notas complicated as the system of family in China. If we have to specify the conflicts of family in the U.S., it would be between husband and wife or parents and children.3.1.3 The Comparison of Family FunctionIn China, there are 5 family functions: economical, generational, educational, bring-up and support’s function. The moder n society tertiary industry's development and the socialization of production degree's enhancement, the family partial functions has the offset, like in the economical function's production function, the education function, supported the function already partially to shift the society, by society's special organization like Production organization, school and old folks home undertook, but the family sentiment careless could and so on actually day by day strengthen.In American, The family function of the household mainly seeks each kind of entertainment in the cultural life, but is not a religion and the educational institution. More importantly, although it is still a Dwelling unit, but no longer is entire family revolves the family type which together the father transfers. The construction family's foundation is the unity and family member's common interest, but non-individual wish and community responsibility. The American family member's primary obligation is not urges the family to become a society or the Economic organization, is also not brings the glory to the family.3.2 The Comparison of Children’s Education3.2.1 The Comparison of the Concept of Children’s EducationIn China, because of the ancient tradition, there’s an old saying about how children should treat their parents. It says, “Among all the good deeds, filial piety comes first.” It means, whatever the kids do, they have to be nice and respect to their own parents. However in the U.S., there’s not such tradition. Sometimes conflicts arose be tween teenager and their parents. The children don’t respect their parents when they were young. There are always problems about teenagers in the society of U.S.In China, because of the 5000 years of history and tradition, Chinese parents tend to teach their kids about social education and hence ignore the childhood education. The parents teach their kids how to respect the elderly, how to care the weak and the young, how to listen to the teachers, how to obey laws and orders from other people. Therefore, most of the parents demand unquestioning obedience from their kids. In a family, most of the fathers play the role of commander, and mother always play the role of counselor.In the United States, the family treats their children differently than the Chinese parents. They are more emphasizing on individuality than social education. If families are to work with schools as partners in the education of their children, schools must provide them with the opportunities and support they need to become involved. Too often schools expect families to do it all alone. Developing effective partnerships with families requires that all school staff (administrators, teachers, and support staff) create a school environment that welcomes parents and encourages them to raise questions and voice their concerns as well as to participate appropriately in decision making. Developing partnerships also requires that school staff provide parents withthe information and training they need to become involved and that they reach out to parents with invitations to participate in their children's learning.Schools are most successful in engaging parents and other family members in support of their children's learning look beyond traditional definitions of parent involvement--participating in a parent teacher organization or signing quarterly report cards--to a broader conception of parents as full partners in the education of their children. Rather than striving only to increase parent participation in school-based activities, successful schools seek to support families in their activities outside of school that can encourage their children's learning. Schools that have developed successful partnerships with parents view student achievement as a shared responsibility, and all stakeholders--including parents, administrators, teachers, and community leaders--play important roles in supporting children's learning. Successful school-family partnerships require the sustained mutual collaboration, support, and participation of school staffs and families at home and at school in activities that can directly affect the success of children's learning. If families are to work with schools as full partners in the education of their children, schools must provide them with the opportunities and support they need for success.3.2.2 The Comparison of the Methods of Children’s EducationThe Chinese aspect manifests approximately in the following several points: First, the Chinese guardians undertake to do somebody else's job in the life to child's basic necessities of life, does not let the child do the housework. This kind takes care of everything crosswise involves child's aspects, longitudinal extends to the child grows up. Therefore presented the elementary student also to want the guardian to send and pick up, the middle-school student also wanted the guardian to do laundry, the university newborn matriculation also wanted the guardian to escort. Second, many guardians feared that the child suffers a loss or fails to study, therefore limits the child and the outside contact, once between the child and the child either schoolmate have the dispute or not the happy matter, the most guardians adopt shield oneself child to accuse other child's means. Third, many guardians are obedient to child's request, grant every request, including the economical family in straitened circumstances, the guardian must tighten the belt to save the money to meet child's need, this has encouraged the custom which imperceptibly they waste luxuriously. Forth, the guardian is very high to child's study request, even achieves one kind of harsh degree. Through the ages, has the shopping online deep shackles China guardians' thought that whether been causing the guardians with to be admitted to a school child's academic record the institute of higher education has regarded as the only standard which the child becomes a useful adult.But the American guardians from exercise the child independent viability angle embarking, adopts to child's education drops, but the laissez faire method does not carry on. So-called drops, is lives down from the child, the parents try to give them the self-exercise the opportunity and the condition, lets them obtain the full exercise in each kind of environment. The parents except look after child's safety, in other life's matter, like plays, the study to let the child choose independently. If let them have since childhood deposits individual clothes, the toy and the study materials place,oneself tidy up reorganizes the room, the arrangement belongs to their little world, the parents takes care of everything in no way for the child, reminds the advice at most in the one side. So-called not laissez faire, generally reflection in three aspects: First, rather painstakingly and is not tender. The guardian pays great attention to train the child specially to endure hardship the spirit. Second, the family is rich, but is not extravagant. Many American family, have the strict request and the stipulation to child's spending money. The basic principle is: Issues regularly, amount how many decides according to child's age and household income's actual situation. Third, The westerner does not let matters drift to child's shortcoming mistake, does not shield, but tries to teach the child the knowledge wrong to change wrong. In addition, the American guardians do not bring too many pressures mostly to child's study. Their viewpoint is: The child to will be interested the knowledge to go to study diligently naturally, why can force the matter which they will do originally are not willing to do? Strong is stubborn is doing, instead will injure the child the sentiment and the individuality. Human's interest, the hobby and can originally various, the child suitable to make anything to make anything, the life path must let child go. The success home education, should be the guardian puts out the time to carry on the communication, the exchange with the child by the equal manner, gives the full affirmation to the child correct idea and the behavior, lets the child respect and encourage to hit grows.3.3 The Comparison of Old Folks' Support3.3.1 The Comparison of the Concept of Old Folks' SupportIt used to look to the elderly as really wise people who knew so much about the world. They were the ones who could be relied upon to provide a history lesson of what life used to be like in "their day". But things have changed so much in just a very short space of time. We are now more likely to hear of elder abuse within the family, residential home or a mugging that took place, involving an elderly victim. It is sad to see the elderly being abused and disregarded so much in a society that they once contributed so much to. This article will offer some suggestions on ways in which you should treat the elderly.The population of the elderly (60 or older) in China is about 128 million or one in every ten people, the largest in the world. It is estimated that China could have some 400 million people over 60 years of age by 2050. Nowadays a lot of people are more aware of the nations’ old and people pay greater respect and more attention to them than before. But experts on age point out that the elderly would enjoy greater happiness in old age if everyone was more concerned about them.China has just completed an investigation on the status of its elderly population. Investigating 20 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, the research has showed that the culture and material lives of the elderly, all over China, have greatly improved. Taking a look at their material lives, the average income of the elderly in the cities in 2000 was four times higher than the average income in 1992. In rural areas, the average income in 2000 had increased by 170 percent compared with 1992. Their living facilities included tap water, TV, fans and washing machines. However, gas supply, telephones, fridges and toilets in the house were only added in 2000. Thecultural quality of the elderly has also improved. Illiteracy has decreased by 20 percent and various recreational and sporting activities promoted by the government and non-governmental organizations have improved the quality of their lives. More and more of the elderly come to the recreation rooms for retired cadres in their local community now. Some have even been known to learn how to use a computer. According to the investigation, most of the senior citizens say that they are satisfied with their lives.Different from China’s tradition, the United States have another view for the elderly. The western culture tends to view the elderly as a burden and an inconvenience! The family unit in general is not as solid as Chinese culture. The strong streak of independence that runs through their thinking is definitely an influencing factor. They tend to encourage the break up of the family as part of the natural course of life, whereas the Chinese will tend to work to keep it together as long as possible. Where they will be more likely to bundle their elderly off to rest homes and retirement villages, we the Chinese would live with our elderly under the same roof, so metimes three or even four generations live together. In the Westerner’s mind, they think it's better to send off the elderly to retirement homes than to leave them at home all by themselves. In the retirement homes they remain healthier, happier and they live longer. At the touch of a buzzer, medical help is there in one minute. In the morning they have a bath, breakfast, their therapist is there to see them, later they congregate to look at TV with friends. Later on is lunch, perhaps a trip to the cinema and it goes on and on. They don’t think that a single person can provide all that professional care to their own parents, much less the elderly. In order to live a successful life in the American, People have to work.3.3.2 The Comparison of the Methods of Old Folks' SupportChinese's present retirement way mainly has: Raise children to provide against old age, occupation retirement, government relief, insurance retirement, invest retirement. The raise children to provide against old age, already becomes in the birth control time more and more not realistic. However, can train the riches and honor children, also is too not bitter as for the old age, certainly the premise is the children must be filial. The occupation retirement, is the ideal retirement way which since the ancient times the common people most yearned for. It is only suitable for the human who having the government food, since is very unfortunate, catches up with the State-owned business bankruptcy to come off sentry duty, can also attain the government relief fund. The insurance retirement, divides into two kinds, one kind is individual, the enterprise, the national fellowship society old-age insurance. Another kind is the commercial life insurance, is similar in the investment retirement, because it is one kind of financial managing finances product. The investment retirement, is a broad concept, its core is uses the existing fund to carry on the investment, gains the long-term stable income, the main investment tool has the financial product (for example stock, fund, bond, commercial life insurance), the real estate, business and so on.American's present retirement way mainly has 3 ways. First, is refers to the government to conduct “the society old-age insurance”, is also called the first pr op, it。

A Comparison of Family Values between China and America论文中美家庭观之比较

Abstract in Chinese (4)Abstract in English ........................................................ . (5)Introduction (6)Ⅰ. The different understandings of the family concepts (7)1.1 Chinese understandings of the family concepts (7)1.2 American understandings of the family concepts (8)Ⅱ. The differences of the conjugal relationship (9)2.1 The different marriage values (9)2.1.1. Chinese people’s family values in marriage (9)2.1.2. American people’s attitude to marriage (11)2.2. Differences in gender roles (12)2.2.1 In China family, husbands are usually in the leading position, and wife still assume the great majority of house responsibilities (12)2.2.2. In America family, husband and wife share the household equally and wife is independent economically (13)Ⅲ. The differences of relationships between parents and children (12)3.1 The differences of family education (13)3.1.2. American family education mode (15)3.2．Differences in supporting their parents (16)3.2.1. In China, supporting elderly parents is both responsibility and obligation. (16)3.2.2 In America, supporting parents is not children’s obligation (17)Ⅳ. Ⅳ: The influence of family values (18)4.1. The influence on individuals (18)4.2. The influence on society (19)Conclusion (20)Bibliography (21)Acknowledgement (21)摘要家庭是人类社会最基本的组成单位之一，由于不同的历史、文化以及诸多其它因素，家庭观念，规则，习惯以及家庭成员的思想和行为都有着极大的不同。

The differences between Chinese family and American family中美家庭差异研究

The differences between Chinese family andAmerican familyAbstract：Family is the basic miniature of the social economic activity, and it is the basic unit that constitutes the society. The values of the society rely on people‟s family values in a large degree. However, due to the difference of geographical and historical background, religion and belief, different nations have their own family values.A clear and direct contrast between Chinese and American family values can bridge over their communication gap.The paper first introduced the Definitions of Families．It then，focuses on the difierent types of families in China and America．In the following section，the paper proceeds to elaborate the extension of family to social relationships．The Paper ends by discussing the difierent attitude towards Family membersKeywords：family；values；social relationships；filial piety；age；friendshipThe Family is the basic unit of society.It reflects the ethical values of a society,its cultural characteristies and the unique features of a nation．The family is among the oldest and the most fundamental of all human institutions．This echoes of Galvin and Brommel‟s words that we were born into a family,mature in a family,form new families，and leave them at our death．Family life is a universalhuman experience．The family is also an expe rience that helps shape the way in which one sees and interacts with the world（Davis，2001）．Many anthropologists and sociologists (DENC，1988) have said that describing the family in a society is sufficient to show the true quality and characteristies of the nation．1．Definitions of FamilyTraditionally speaking, family should be defined as a group of people related by blood, marriage or adoption, living together, to form economic ties, to fertilize and to bring up children. According to this idea, families form the continuation through child-rearing. “Family is the basic unit of a society; it is very much like a mirror, reflecting the society‟s cultural characteristics, moral beliefs, economic and political relations and other social problems.” Different cultures create different families, which at the same time cause different concepts of families. Consequently, the different concepts of family between China and America are ascribed to different cultural contexts in the two countries. Cultural traditions and family values vary from country to country; therefore, to understand the historical development of Chinese and American families, the basic model, and the relationship among the family members will, undoubtedly, help those who are involved in cross-cultural communication.2．Functions and types of familiesAs has been stated above．the family is the most important unit in all societies.But due to the difierent cultures and traditions in diferent countries，the configurations of the family are also diferent．In America,the dominant type of family is the nuclear family(mother,father and dependent children)．In addition，there are family types like single-parent family and live-in couples(heterosexual or homosexual，with or without child)．After their children coming of age，their grown children usually move out of their parents‟ household and start to live on their own．Stewart notes that children at the age of 22 or above usually pay their living expenses if they still live in their parents‟house．which shows their independence,self-reliance and self-responsibility．Middle aged and elderly people generally do not live with their married children．Howeve parents usually keep close contact with their grown children and take great interest in their grandchildren（Steward,1972）．On holidays，members of the larger family group---grandparents，aunts，uncles and cousins oftendine together．The traditional popular view held that the typical type of family is the extended family of several generations．As a matter of fact，it was an ideal for most people even in feudal society because of economi c and inter-pe rsonal relationship pressures．So the stem family(consists of two or more generations with one married couple in each generation)was the popular form throughout history．But with the progress of modernization，the number of nuclear families is on the rise．According to statistics．about 30％of famifies are stem families．This is especially common in fural areas in China（CHU，1993）．Chinese culture has been defined as a collectivist culture．In traditional Chinese culture，people attach more important to their families than they do to themselves．The interests and the wishes of the family are usually given priorit y．Chinese children are brought up to seek fulfillment with others rather than individually．One member of the family getting a position in the government would bring honor to the whole famil; whereas，one‟s breach of law would bring shame to the whole family．Even today,a lot of Chinese students work very hard for the sake of their fami lies．So we can see that family loyalty is an mportant value inChinese culture．3．Social relationships：The extension of the familyIn a family, the basic relationship is filial piety, marriage and family education. Any kind of life philosophy, if not pay attention to this fundamental relationship, can not be considered as an appropriate philosophy. American family members pay great attention to the concepts of individual equality, independence, individual right and family relationship, among which the most prominent concepts are independence and equality. Chinese families focus more on seniority relation, family interdependence, filial piety, and the family happiness of having many children and grandchildren. Cultural differences between China and America lead to their differences in family values, as well as other family-related problems. As a result, it is of great significance to analyze different family values in China and America.In all the Chinese relationships，family relationship is the most important one．Besides one‟s immediate family members，there are a lot of near and distan t rdmions and all the other social relationships be aring resemblance to the fami ly relationship．So we say that these social relationships are the extensions of the family relationship（Galvin,1991）．Friendship has diferent meanings in Chinese culture and American culture．In America，it is hard to find two friends who keep in touch for decades of years，because pe ople are extremely mobile．Every year about 40 mi llion Americans change residences．That statistics suggests that everyone moves every five or six years．Even in the same place，American s tend to have diferent circles of friends，for instance，one group of friends for playing basketball，one group for workout and one group for traveling．But all those groups are independent．It is also common for friends to help each other in the States．But generally speaking，friends do not want to shoulder too many responsibilities and obligmions．Chinese have a diferent attitude towards friendship．Chinese are likely to keep life-long friends，which are considered to be the ideal friendship．Friends try their best to help their friends in whatever way（HU，1991&1999）．Good friends treat one another like sisters an d brothers．In the past，it was not unusual for friends of roughly the sarfle age to swear oaths of fidelity to each other that brought them into a relationship of sworn brotherhood(or less frequently sworn sisterhood)．In theory,and occasionally in practice，such alliances were honored by families as creating family ties．Friendship was actuahy enhanced in this way．They address each other by using the addressing words tiley use with their real brothers an d sisters．1ike elder bother or elder siste.They also address their friends‟ parents in the same way as they address their own uncles an daunts．their friends‟children are their nephews and nieces．So they sound like a big family．This extends to all the people in the people in the community,even people on the street．They use addressing words like …'uncle'‟，……aunt”，“grandpa"，…'grandma‟‟，etc．according to the addresse ‟s age and gender.A further extension of the family relationship is therelationship-network．Americans also have their relationship-network．But it is a far cry from the Chinese relationship-network in depth and extension．Chinese people consider building relationships is essential to one‟s success in life．Because whatever they do，ranging from sending their children to school to establishing businesses，they have you exercise their relationships with their family members，relatives，colleagues，even new acquaintances．Nowadays，westemers understand well the Chinese concept of the relationship-network．Many westemers are committed to building their own personal relationship-network in the Chinese business circle and political arena．Chinese people tend to be more aware of the connections they have as members of their social groups, that is, they put a great emphasis on collectivism and are likely to pay much attention to the consequences of their actions on other members of their groups and even the whole group. They think if they do something wrong, it is probable for them to have a harmful influence on other members and the whole group, while if they win an honor, they will possibly attribute it to other members and the whole group as well. American people tend to lay stress on their independence and individualism, and it is now the cornerstone of American values and permeates every aspect of their society. Americans believe that they have control over their destiny; and they are more likely to concern about their own freedom of activism than their relationships with other members of the group. As for American people, individualism displays itself in the following aspects, namely, individual initiative, independence, individual expression and privacy.（Samovar,2000）4．The attitude towards Family membersChinese concept of filial piety “Xiao”, the Chinese word for filia l piety, is the most prominent characteristic of traditional Chinese culture. It has been extolled as the highest virtue in China for centuries and must be shown towards both the living and the dead. The term “filial” denotes the respect and obedience that a child should show to his parents, especially to his father. In Chinese history, “filial piety” is the earliest ethical moral that influences our family concepts. It is the theme of Chinese culture and affects all aspects of Chinese people‟s lives and Ch inese society is builtupon the doctrine of it（Chow,1999）.The definition includes the responsibility of each person to be good to one‟s parents; to take care of one‟s parents; to engage in good conduct not just towards parents but also outside the home so as to bring a good name to one‟s parents and ancestors; to perform the duties of one‟s job well so as to obtain the material means to support parents as well as carry out sacrifices to the ancestors; not to be rebellious; to show love, respect and support; to display courtesy; to ensure male heirs, uphold fraternity among brothers; to display sorrow for their sickness and death; and to carry out sacrifices after their death. Secondly, according to the five relationships, the Five Bonds are: Ruler to Ruled, Father to Son, Husband to Wife, Elder Brother to Younger Brother and Friend to Friend. Specific duties are prescribed to each of the participants in these sets of relationships（Chen, 2000）.American concept of filial piety In America, filial piety is reflected more in the religious culture than in the behaviors of children to their parents （Larry,2000）. There is little social significance in American “filial piety culture”, while its family significance is only manifested in respecting to the parents, but the respect doesn‟t mean obedience to their parents. That‟s because what American people emphasize are independence and equality among family members. In the comparative study of Chinese and American cultures, except for “the Bible”, there is almost no literature which describes filial piety systematically, while the situation in China is quite opposite. What American philosophers focus on is not the family pension, but the social pension, because supporting the parents is not the obligation of the children. This has led to the fast development of old-age pension but not the filial piety. It is quite different from China whose pension system is not perfect and rural city citizens have no choice but to depend on their children to support.“The family is also the first institution to introduce the child to the notion of age-grading．an important perceptual attribute that greatly influences the way individuals perceive youth as well as old age”．The dominant American culture prefers youth to old age，because the skills and knowledge of the elderly often become obsolete in America such a rapidlychanging country．According to Ethel and Tiersky，about 40％of the nation‟s elderly live in poverty or near-poverty．M any struggles along on the meager monthly income they get from the govemment programs to supply free food and necessary services to the elderly．No Americans like to be referred to old（Falbo,1982）．But in China，older people are highly respected because of their experience and wisdom（Du,1992）．HU and Grove note that the chief determinant of relative power is seniority．The hierarchy associated with age in Chinese culture is very clear．The Chinese family is hierarchically organized，with the prime institutionalized authority be ing vested in the senior-most male．As is stated above，no two members of a Chinese fami ly are equal in authority．Traditionally at least，senior generations are superior to junior generations；older people are superior to younger one．The respect and admi ration to the elder are clearly manifested in Chinese vocabulary,in which a lot of the words and expressions contained the Chinese character word……lao‟‟("old‟‟in English)suggest a positive meaning，for example：“lao shi”(“teacher”in English)，“lao lian”(“experienced”in English)．5．ConclusionSuccinctly,the cultural diferences between Chinese family values and American family values are reflected in almost all aspects of family life．The present discussion focuses on the major aspects，i．e．the configurations of the family,social relationships and their diferent attitudes to age．A good understanding of the diferences will surely facilitate the cross-cultural communication of the two peoples．References ：Chen, X. and M. Silverstein, “Intergenerational social support and the psychological well-being of older parents in China.” Research on Aging, 2000.Chow, N. “Diminishing filial piety and the changing role and status of the elders in Hong Kong.”International Journal of Aging, 1999.CHU G C.& JU Y 1993.The greet wall in ruins：Communication and culture change in China．New York：State University of New YorkPress．Davis, L. Doing Cultural: Cross-Cultural Communication in Action [M]. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2001.p.353.DENG Y C.1988.American society and culture 1.Beijing：Higher Education Press．Du, J. M. New perspectives on Chinese culture. [M] Beijing: Shang Ling Publishing, 1992. Falbo, T. “The one-child family in the United States.” Studies in Family Planning, 1982Galvin,K.M .& Brommel,B.J.1991.Family communication:Cohesion and change.New York:Feminist Press.HU W.Z.& Grove,C.L.1991.Encountering the Chinese A guideforAmericans.Yarmouth,ME:Intercultural Press．HU W.Z.& Grove.C.L.1999.A general introduction to interculturalcommunication.Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press．Larry,A.SPorter,R.E.&Stefani．L．A．2000．Communication between cultures.Beijing：Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press．Steward,E.1972.American cultural patterns.Chicago:Intercultural Press．Samovar,L.A.,Porter,R.E.&Stefani,munication between Cultures [M].Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press,2000.p.123.。

中美家庭观念的异同

In the Chinese family, parents are in a dominant position. So they love “shaping “children. They want their children according to their wishes to develop, rather than themselves. In addition, children must be obedient, otherwise they’re considered not filial piety. Respect is the basic requirement for human children.
以和为贵（复式家庭）
• In China, there are many members of a family. Because of a lot of intricate relation, it’s considered to be the complex big family.
夫妻关系
Both American and Chinese respect each other between husband and wife. They also give opposite side enough private space. American would like to enjoy life. They spend money in tripping or on other amusement. On the contrary, Chinese people like to put money in the bank. They hope the other person has the family sense of responsibility.

中美价值观的差异试论中美家庭价值观的差异

中美价值观的差异试论中美家庭价值观的差异试论中美家庭价值观的差异摘要家庭是社会的载体和最基本的社会细胞，家庭价值观是文化研究的核心，家庭成员的价值观直接或间接地影响他们在社会交往中的言行举止。

但是，由于地理环境、历史背景、文化价值和宗教信仰的不同，不同的民族和国家有不同的家庭价值观。

本文试从家庭模式、生活方式和文化教育三个方面对中美家庭价值观作一粗浅的比较，为进一步研究中美文化差异奠定基础，从而促进中美文化的交流和发展。

本文从讨论家庭价值观差异的三个关键点着手，并进行了一系列的对比和分析，从而突出它们的内涵以及在日常生活中的表现，然后借鉴和学习了大量研究学者和著作者的优秀研究成果并结合自身的学习过程和生活经历，促进本文成果的进一步深入。

关键词：家庭价值观；家庭模式；婚姻；教育；社交；成因On the Differences of Family Values Between China and AmericaAbstractFamily is the carrier and most fundamental cell of society. family value is the core in research of human culture, and family value of members, directly or indirectly ,influence on their behavior and thinking in society. That is to say, social value , to a large extent, is determined by the family values. However, due to the differences of geographical environment and historical background, cultural value and religious and belief, different nations and countries have different family values. This paper is on simple study trying to draw a comparison with family pattern, life style and cultural education of family values between China and America to lay a foundation for the further study of cultural differences and to promote the development of communication andculture between China and the US.This dissertation starts its study from discussing three key points of differences of family value,and making a series of contrast analysis to highlight what they mean and how to express.To obtain the futher results of study,this paper is basic on lots of achievements of many research scholars and authors,tightly related to his own standpoints ,which conclude in the process of learning with personal experience. Key words:family values;family pattern;marriage;family education;social contact;reasonsCONTENTS摘要 (I)Abstract........................................................................................ ... II Chapter 1 Introduction (1)1.1 Definition of Family .......................................................................................... (1)1.2 Definition of Family Values ........................................................................................... .. (1)1.2.1 The decisive family value of China: familism and collectivism (2)1.2.2 The main family value of America: liberalism and individualism ................................... 2 Chapter 2 Differences Between Chinese and American Family Values . (3)2.1 The Differences of Family Pattern (3)2.1.1 Family pattern of China (3)2.1.2 Family pattern of America (4)2.2 The Concept of Lifestyle ........................................................................................ . (4)2.2.1 Chinese concept of life style (5)2.2.2 American concept of lifestyle (6)2.3 Cultural Education of Family .......................................................................................... . (6)2.3.1 Cultural education of Chinese family (7)2.3.2 Cultural education of American family (8)Chapter 3 Reasons for the Differences between Chinese and American Family Values ........................................................................................... .. 93.1 Geographic and Historic Reasons (9)3.2 Religious and Cultural Reasons ........................................................................................103.3 Economic Formation and Social Condition (11)3.4 Educational and Cultural Tradition ...................................................................................12 Chapter 4 Conclusion (12)References .................................................................................... (13)Acknowledgements ..................................................................... . (14)Chapter 1 Introduction1.1 Definition of FamilyGenerally speaking,family should be defined as a group of people tied up with marriage, blood or adoption together, each in family act a part as parents, spouses or siblings of social identity to interact and make contributions, creating a combination of a common “blood culture “.And also there is another explanation of family,it say famliy is the basic cell of society, is the most important core of social organization,economic organization and spiritual home. That is to say, continuable development of family health is the cornerstone of stability and development of society and country, “home” is the responsibility, sustenance, intimacy and trust.In ancient society,the traditional form of most family is multigeneration which features with cohabiting, total wealth, produce together.However,with the great change of production mode and rapid development of economy,science and technology,in modern society,family play a very important role in distribution,consumption and inheritence in different cultures.To further understanding of differences of Chinese and American families,getting a basic mode and lifestyle is necessary process seeking common ground and developing together.1.2 Definition of Family ValuesFamily values are political and social belief,as the core of value system.In other words,family values are regarded as the view, attitudes or beliefs that each family member accumulate and conclude over a long period in daily lives.And it is a standard to evaluate the ideal family ,meaning and purpose,affecting individual family life and family business related matters.There are matters that family relations,relationships between husband and wife,parent-child relationship, kinship are all family values. The family is depend on family values, and family values isthe precursor of family change.Different countries have different family values.There are many essential differences of Chinese and American family values.In China,people advocate familism, think the family is the foundation and affiliation of each person,the personal interests should be subordinated to collectivism, each person should actively contribute to the family to promote family economic and cultural development. However,in the United States, Americans inherite cultural traditions of Europe while develop it with its own customs and religious characteristics, forming the individual independence, individual rights, equality and freedom of family values .1.2.1 The decisive family value of China: familism and collectivismChinese family collectivism is deep-rooted,have along history and has been accompanied by the emergence and development of the family, which play a very strong role in guiding. In traditional Chinese society, agricultural production is the main source of income,which need to invest a lot of labor.Also the family is as the basic unit of social production, the greater the size, the more human resources,the strong economic power, the higher social status, which determines social ideal form that the social development shoule be owe to flourishing population of collective extended family, attaching importance to community life. In modern times, with economic development, although people’s lifestyles have changed, the collectivist values of Chinese families still have been dominant. Modern Family have seperated from the form of multigeneration, the small family of new couples has become a major form to pursue happy and harmonious family life. But influenced by several thousand years of traditional culture, the living conditions of new family still reflect the collectivism and familism of family values:together with labor and production, along with the creation of material and spiritual wealth, at the same time,share food and consumption of material and spiritual wealth together,which value family,bring up children,and support for the elderly.In China,people put great importance to the familism and collectivism,they pay more attention to the interest of whole family or whole group than American.1.2.2The main family value of America:liberalism andindividualismCompared with the Chinese family values,the family values of America is issentially different,just like the Western.It is believed that the American attach great importance to personal independence, individual rights,freedom and equality, which it mean significant differences,even it can be said to be the opposite with China. America is a Republic Capitalism with booming commercial economy and power, lifestyle and thinking of Amercian is more open and pragmatic than Chinese,in the system of family values, it express to demonstrate individual ability and respect for freedom.They are highly concerned about self-development, protection of the rights and development of self-awareness. When Amercian is just a child, family and parents instill the principles of individualism to them, handling some matters relating to themselves and family with equel opportunity and full democracy. When they are 18 years of age, they must be faced with1.2.1 The decisive family value of China: familism and collectivismChinese family collectivism is deep-rooted,have along historyand has been accompanied by the emergence and development of the family, which play a very strong role in guiding. In traditional Chinese society, agricultural production is the main source of income,which need to invest a lot of labor.Also the family is as the basic unit of social production, the greater the size, the more human resources, the strong economic power, the higher social status, which determines social ideal form that the social development shoule be owe to flourishing population of collective extended family, attaching importance to community life. In modern times, with economic development, although people’s lifestyles have changed, the collectivist values of Chinese families still have been dominant. Modern Family have seperated from the form of multigeneration, the small family of new couples has become a major form to pursue happy and harmonious family life. But influenced by several thousand years of traditional culture, the living conditions of new family still reflect the collectivism and familism of family values:together with labor and production, along with the creation of material and spiritual wealth, at the same time,share food and consumption of material and spiritual wealth together,which value family,bring up children,andsupport for the elderly.In China,people put great importance to the familism and collectivism,they pay more attention to the interest of whole family or whole group than American.1.2.2The main family value of America:liberalism and individualismCompared with the Chinese family values,the family values of America is issentially different,just like the Western.It is believed that the American attach great importance to personal independence, individual rights,freedom and equality, which it mean significant differences,even it can be said to be the opposite with China. America is a Republic Capitalism with booming commercial economy and power, lifestyle and thinking of Amercian is more open and pragmatic than Chinese,in the system of family values, it express to demonstrate individual ability and respect for freedom.They are highly concerned about self-development, protection of the rights and development of self-awareness. When Amercian is just a child, family and parents instill the principles of individualism to them, handling some matters relating to themselves and family with equel opportunityand full democracy. When they are 18 years of age, they must be faced withhow to independ on their parents to survive. And Amercian families will encourage and ask children to support themselves without parents’money, to be responsible for social matters independently with their ability to get the recognition and respect of others and society. They can enjoy equal rights and freedom to participate in various activities by themselves.Meeting Meeting with difficulties, they are also more likely to get support from colleagues and friends instead of their families.In this way,it not only exercise their ability to survive,but also to promote the development of personality.In addition, American family do not mainly make up children’s mind if without their willings.Children can often be free in their favorite activities and gatherings, and gradually develop into a close friendship with parents asking for some suggestions.Chapter 2 Differences Between Chinese and American FamilyValues2.1 The Differences of Family PatternFamily pattern is a form of family generation and existence.The traditional family modes are divided into three categories by sociologists,there are core family,husbandand and wife and children,backbone family,new couple and children and elder,and extended family.Although modern family pattern has been far beyond the simple rule of the traditional and develop in the direction of a more diverse, it is not dicisive matters in family values.Family pattern and family are natural relationships that they interplay and restrict together.Modernization and optimization of family pattern is good for advancing with the time and retionalization of civilization of family values,meanwhile,the excellent and advanced family values also promote family pattern.In Chinese society,the characteristics of family pattern show the ploymerized,on the contrary,American family mode tends to dispersion and individualism.2.1.1 Family pattern of ChinaIn Chinese and American culture,the concept of home is poles apart.Chinese family model basically reflects the formof multigeneration and large structure and number of members. Whether in a traditional Chinese family, or the formation of a modern family, family pattern both reflect that the form is dominant and in a absolute position. Under the influence of Confucian culture of China thousands of years,it create that most of Chinese pay more attention on personalobligations to the family, parents’responsibility,children’s support,as well as family members, are mutual support and interdependent. In Chinese family model, the elderly and parents at home have high status and absolute rights to matterand be respected and loved by the junior.Most of children must obey their parents’words and rules,if not,they will be punished.And as the young couple will have to bear tremendous pressure, on the one hand, they want to have children,give birth to and raise children, On the other hand, they must support their parents and the elderly, filial and loyal. But new couples also need their parents to help take care of children and do housework, so that three-generation in family in China is everywhere.And individual always depend on the parents and share joys and sorrows with family. But compared to Amercian families,Chinese children are short of personal sense and are relatively weak of individual ability.2.1.2 Family pattern of AmericaThe traditional American family contain just only parents and minor children, whether adult children married or not,they will choose to move out of parents’s home. Their family pattern is typical of the nuclear family. American Family is highly valued rights awareness and individualism, each member of the home is self-centered, rather than the whole family-centered.It is said that American regard themselves as individual and independent person,which should enjoy their unique personality and dignity. At any time,anyone should not easily give up their rights, because it is one of psychological and social needs of individual,families and groups.Under the family pattern in the United States, parents and children have adequate rights to protect their equal freedom, they settle down their family matters and personal problems in a democracy and fair way together and, basically there is no absolute right and high pressure just like Chinese parents possess in Amercia.In this family pattern,the American are gradually trained and built upself-awareness and personal abilities. Another point of most important difference with China is that the American not only do not absolutely support for the elderly and contribute to their family,but also be not responsible for the child all the time.When the children has grown up to survive by themselves, parents and children have their different style to live.2.2 The Concept of LifestyleLifestyle is a fairly broad concept, which includes production and living conditions, and attitudes of people and society, it can be understood that at a certain historical period and socialconditions, people choosed and enjoyed the life mode in various ethnic,classes and social groups.In this article,it mainly introduce its two ways of social contact and marital attitudes to exchange knowledge.Social interaction is a social activitie process to exchange the material and spiritual each other,and it is conducive to personal growth and cultural transmission. In regard to the attitude of marriage,it refers to value orientation of mating selection or love and marriage when get married ,including both individual and parentalattitudes.In China and the United States, not only social interaction but also marital attitude both reflect a great contrast.2.2.1 Chinese concept of lifestyleAbout two aspects of Chinese lifestyle, social interaction and marriage attitudes, whether in individual or group, whether it is family or community,all show that they are deeply influenced by the traditional Chinese culture, and they have the typical values of lifestyle in mind. On the one hand, China is a State of Ceremonies, Chinese people’s attitudes and social behavior reflect both a lofty stance of ceremonies and introverted feeling.No matter who to get along with family or others in daily communication, Chinese people pay attention to civilized manners, focus priority in rank, at the same time, the process and the performance is very implicit. The handshake is the most representative of courtesy greetings, unlike the American variety of open kissing etiquette. On the other hand, China is a full traditional country, feudal thought is very strong, which largely determines the value orientation of marriage attitudes. In ancient feudal period, the typical value orientation ofmarriage attitude is to arrange a match by parents’order and matchmaker’s word,that is to say,children’s marriage is made up decision by parents and families,and arranged marriages are the main form. Although in the process of Chinese modernization, people’s thinking chan ged a lot,they advocate free love, but family and parental attitudes still have a great impact on value of marriage.What is more, nowadays the requirements of the wife’s parents is higher and higher, including houses and cars of hard conditions and individual abilities and development.This value of marriage attitude is not conducive to satisfy people’s feelings of spiritual life, but also potentially increasing the cost of marriage so that it increases the pressure on the man’s family, and even lead to a phobia of marriage. For Chinese people, marriage is not only family obligations, as well as a personal right.They have the right and obligation to be responsible for various needs and own future, so once married, the vast majority of people will never leave or forsake and until die.2.2.2 American concept of lifestyleIn America,the milk of human kindness is lighter than China.Their children must be drove out when children meet the adult age - the age of eighteen,regardless of wealthy parents,which let them exercise how to live and deal with social contact in challenging surroundings.Concerned about ralationship with classmates and friends, their feeling and attitude is also very casual, very relaxed, and very open.Meeting etiquette is generally kissing. Americans do underestimate human feelings,but value the principles, rules and laws. Emotion between people rarely affect the normal business dealings,Americans follow the socially accepted rules.It is precisely because the United States and other Western countries in the economic exchanges are rarely affected by feelings about friendship, their order of market economy is much better than China.In the process of social interaction, the freedom to choose an lover is in a dominant position on the American concept of marriage in the extending individuality.About loving and mating for American, youth will naturally have their own requirements and standards.American ideal marriage is a commitment, not the responsibility of each other and family like Chinese people.A lot of people think that the United States maintain the most important factor is loyalty formarriage,only men and women do it,can marriage become better and better.Because of social customs and the betrayal one side can not stand, divorce in the United States is a very common phenomenon. If one of them has an affair, they will solve the problem to divorce.2.3 Cultural Education of FamilyWhether Americans or Chinese people,family education is particularly important for them,and from ancient times to modern times,it has been playing vital role in a country education. Person’s life will go through three form of education, namely family education, school education and social education,and family education for a person, is not only elementary education but also lifelong education, because the family is the child’s natural school, parents are the first teachers of child. People often say: the child is the shadow of the parents, the parents are the child’s mirror.That is the reasons to show. It is visible that family education for children’s healthy development plays an important role. The great leader Deng Xiaoping said,“The basis of acountry’s modernization lies in talents,the basis of talentslies in education,and the basis of education lies in famil ies.” Therefore,more and more attention has been paid to family,and familyeducation has already become a very hot topic of society.With regard to family education of China and America,American pay more attention and vigor on family education than China.American family education is one of the most famous family education.2.3.1 Cultural education of Chinese familyFamily education is the most fundamental position in education.The current Chinese family education is still influenced by the traditional family values because of the impact of Confucianism.Parents often tell their children,“To be a scholar is to be best and top of society.” This is the most common and widespread phenomenon.This part will make one divide into two to introduce Chinese family education. The one thing,there are some advantages: Firstly,Chinese family education ,from an early age to grow up, emphasize on cultivating people’s ethical piety and taking on family and social responsibility, under this concept has a great positive impact on promoting the Chinese traditional virtue and stability of the family and society people. In their dailylife, they will be in natural and self-conscious to respect for elders and the respected, and to initiatively assume responsibility,which is beneficial to the healthy development of the family and society.Second, Chinese family education followed the fine tradition of virtues, civilized etiquette is compulsory class of family education.From interaction among family members in daily life to contact the society,as well as national negotiations, reflects a powerful Chinese cultural etiquette, which have benefited from emphasis on family education. Civilized manners and nice etiquette are firmly grasped by the other countries,as positive and important values of civilization and etiquette.Attaching importance to civilization and etiquette can reduce misunderstandings and conflicts, bury the war with olive-branch,so that strengthen the interaction in society,keep social harmony and stability and build up a civilized society and state. But also it can strength and influence the national comprehensive.Third,Chinese parents prefer to the sense of competition,“Race to the top.”Children are educated to how to be a better man in family,leting them maintain this state of mind in study and work to promote individual development and social advance.The others,there are some shortcomings of Chinese family education.In is a common phenomemon of Chinese parents to spoil child,and in the world of family education, the degree ofChinese parents’spoiling get the top. Also many parents ignore the development of child’s non-intelligence in accordance with their way.Besides, Chinese parents are struck on educating child with material incentives, disguised guidance of money worship, rather than guide their children to establish the correct values and interest values.The children must be not strange to the word of material incentives in Chinese family education.As well as,child’s independent personality was took by the throat by their parents, resulting in child is over-reliance on parents and families, lack of basic sense and ability of independence to survive alone.It is a sorrow of family education.What is worse,in Chinese family education,parents maintain absolute authority to influence child’s growth.If children make mistakes or their test scores are not ideal,they will often be punished by parents, which is the biggest accomplice of examination-oriented education. Parents lack the initiative mind and spirit to communicate with children,even believethat geting a hige score can achieve good results,but ignore the child’s real idea from their heart,resulting in the greatest degree of poor ability of Chinese children is to combine theory with practice.2.3.2 Cultural education of American familySpeaking to American family cultural educations, they are divided into thtree aspects of educational purposes, educational content and manner. First, American family education purpose is to cultivate children to adapt to the different kinds of circumstance and to live with independent viability, rather than pursuing some utilitarian goals, such as higher educational background, better jobs, and so on. Guided by this purpose, the self-awareness and independent will of children are indeed fostered . Second, the kind of educational content is depend on the kind of educational cational content of American family is colorful and diversified, focus on children in physical, cognitive, language, social and emotional development in harmony, which is named to quality-oriented education. They often take the children to the wild hiking, close to nature, to develop children’s horizons and improve their aesthetic ability.Theyoften guide children how to self-service, self-learning, how to socialize, how to live. Third, family educational manner is the specific measures and means parents carry out the educational content.It is closely associated with the cultural traditions, customs, historical background of each country. American family advocate democracy and open education, children in the home have a voice, participation and the right to choose, they can comment and say “no”according to their true thoughts, parents focus on the establishment of close friendship with children, respect for their rights and privacy.There arerarely criticism,but often express love and encouragement.Guided by parents,children are effectively and qulckly improve acknowledge,strengthen ability and cultivate interests in practical training, rather than homiletic though.As we all know, the cultural education of American family is one of the most advanced and scientific family cultural education around the world.It is often imitated and learnt by other nations and countries,and we Chinese people should learn from American strong points to offest our weakness,promoting development and prosperity of familycultural education.Chapter 3 Reasons for the Differences Between Chinese and American Family Values3.1 Geographic and Historic ReasonsChina is a landlocked country,the land area ranks third in the world.China is a large agricultural country, as China’s geography and climatic conditions are suitable for the development of agriculture, leading to people and government attach great importance to the development of agriculture. In ancient times and traditional thinking,agriculture is to meet the people’s requirements of the material conditions and is the fundamental economic basis for national establishment and development.Besides,China is vast territory and a bundant resources(地大物博), various energy and resources are very rich, people can get self-sufficiency through work,so that they rarely exchange material and energy with the outside world, it further China’s closed-door policy and seclusion ideas. Chinese people have little or virtual no contact with the outside world, leding to the traditional family values is。

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四川师范大学文理学院本科毕业论文On the Differences of Family Values between Chinaand America试论中美文化家庭价值观的差异学生姓名潘婷院系名称外国语学院专业名称英语（师范）班级 2010级 3班学号 201014015315指导教师覃红霞（讲师）答辩时间试论中美家庭价值观的差异学生：潘婷指导教师：覃红霞 ( 讲师 )摘要：家庭是人类最基本的单位元素，反映了一个社会的道德观。

家庭价值观是文化研究的核心，直接影响着家庭成员在社会中的言语和行为。

也就是说整个社会的价值观很大程度上是由家庭价值观所决定的。

但是，由于地理、历史背景、传统文化、宗教信仰的不同，不同的民族有不同的家庭价值观。

随着经济全球化的快速发展，中美跨文化交际变得越来越频繁和重要，然而，由于家庭价值观的不同，在跨文化交际中的误解时有发生，学习不同国家的家庭价值观是很有必要的。

本文通过对中美两国家庭价值观的对比，使人们了解由于价值观的不同而产生的人们对婚姻，子女关系，家庭教育观念的不同看法，从而减少跨文化交际中因误解而产生的不必要的冲突。

关键词：家庭价值观；子女关系；教育；婚姻；成因On the Differences of Family Values Between Chinaand AmericaAbstract：Family is the most fundamental unit of human society, and it reflects the moral outlook of a society. Family value is the core in the research of cultural values, and it has a direct influence on people‟s behaviour and thi nking.That is to say ,the values of the society ,to a large extent, depends on people‟s Family values. However,because of the differences of geographical and historical background, traditional cultures, religious and belief, different nations have different family values.With the rapid development of economic globalization, cross-cultural communication between china and America is becoming more and more important and frequent. However, because of different family values, misunderstanding happens commonly in the cross-cultural communication.so it is necessary to know the different family values in different countries. This paper paper aims to help Chinese people and American people to further understand each other by comparing the two counties family values and reduce unnecessary conflicts caused by misunderstanding in cross-cultural communication.Key words:family values; relations between parents and children; marriage; family education; reasonsContentsIntroduction (1)Chapter 1 Definitions of Family, Values and Family Values (2)1.1 Definition of Family (2)1.2 Definition of Family Values (3)1.2.1 The decisive family value of China: collectivism (3)1.2.2 The definitive family value of America: individualism (4)Chapter 2 Differences between Chinese and American Family Values (5)2.1 the differences of relationship between parents and children (5)2.1.1 Chinese relationship between parents and children (5)2.1.2 Ameiricans relationship between parents and children (6)2.2 The concept of Family Education (6)2.2.1 Chinese concept of family education (7)2.2.2 American concept of family education (8)2.3 The concept of Marriage (9)2.3.1 Chinese concept of marriage (9)2.3.2 American concept of marriage (10)Chapter 3 Reasons for the Differences between Chinese and American Family Values (12)3.1 Geographic reason ..................................................... 错误！未定义书签。

3.2 Historic reason ........................................................... 错误！未定义书签。

3.3 religious reason........................................................... 错误！未定义书签。

Conclusion (14)Bibliography (15)Chapter1 Definitions of Family, Values and Family values (1)1.1 Definiton of Family (1)1.2 Definition of family values (2)1.2.1 The decisive family value of China: collectivism (2)1.2.2 The definitive family value of America: individualism (3)Chapter 2 Differences between Chinese and American Family Values (4)Chapter1 Definitions of Family, Values and Family values 1.1 Definiton of FamilyFamily is the cell of society, generally speaking, family should be defined as a group of people who lived together by bonds of blood, marriage or adoption, to form economicties, to fertilize and to bring up children. Also there is another explanation of family, it says in the word …Family‟ each letter stands for a definite meaning, and that is the letter …F‟ means father, the letter …A‟ stands for "and" ,the letter …M‟ is regarded as mother, the letter …I‟ is I, the letter …L‟ is considered as love, and the last letter …Y‟means "you", so the whole meaning should be …Father and mother I love you‟. We can see that member in a family is made by three people, father, mother and their child in general. In a extended family, members may include father, mother, spouse, son daughter, aunt, uncle, cousin, nephew and grandparents.In ancient society, the family is the basic unit of production ,in modern society, family plays a very important role in distribution ,consumption, and property inheritance ,because different cultures create different family. To understand the historical development of chinese and american families, the basic modal, and the relationship among the family members will undoubtedly help those who are in cross-cultural communication.1.2 Definition of family valuesFamily values are political and social beliefs, as the core of the value system, family values are regarded as the family members‟ norm of behaviors, and the same time, it is also a standard of measuring the norm of conducts. With family values permeate the daily life of each family, both parents and children in a family should comply with the family values. “We know that the most basic relationship in a family is marital relationship, kinship, affinity, and it also includes the affectional and economic relationship generated from those basic relationships, so education, religion, faith and family financial burden-sharing are all included in the family values.”Family values mainly include marriage , relationship between parents and children and family education.Different countries have different family values. Due to the influence of the cultural context ,the relationship among members in china and America are completely different.In a word, Chinese people uphold collectivism while Americans advocate individualism.1.2.1 The decisive family value of China: collectivismCollectivism is the dominant ideology. Since the ancient times, Chinese people always adhere to the idea of "unified" or the idea of "datong". Throughout history, from Qin dynasty to unify the whole country to strengthen centralized to Dong zhongshu burn books and bury Confucian scholars alive, all these show that the ruler want to consolidate the rule of feudalism through a uniform system and thought. In the Socialist society, there is no exception. The difference is that the idea of "unification" of feudal society culture has changed into the socialist society "collectivism". For example, we advocate a harmonious society today, to build a harmonic society still embodies the cultural concept of "unification", and the startingpoint is still the collective and society.(Jian,1999.05)Chinese people put great importance to the collective. They pay more attention to the interest of whole family or the whole group than Americans, they emphasis the interests of the whole collective, in China, public interests are the interests of the individual; public wills are the wills of the individual ;and public values are the values of the individual. All the family members share food, property, and other material wealth, everyone is responsible for the success and prosperity of the whole family, they Shared difficulties and pressure, they think if they do something wrong, it is likely for them to have a bad effect on other members and the whole group ; and if they win a honor, they will probably give the credit to the other members and the whole group.1.2.2 The definitive family value of America: individualismIn contrast to Chinese collectivism,Western culture is diverse. Most westerners are more attention to the development of things and diversity, they emphasize pluralism.In terms of getting along with people, westerners self-centeredness and a strong sense of independence is very obvious.They attaches great importance to personal rights ,interests and freedom, and take the opportunity to play as much as possible their own uniqueness. And the same time ,They tend to be responsible for themselves, they should live on themselves ,especially when they are 18, hand rely on their own ability to achieve success.Their way of survival and quality of life to a great extent, depends on their personal ability, So to some extent, this also promotes the development of their unique personality, which constitutes the diverse elements of western culture .In addition, Americans firmly believe that they can control their own‟s destiny, and they pay more attention to their own freedom of activism than their relationships with other members of the family ,They deal with their own affairs by themselves . If they meet difficulties, they try to get support from their colleagues or experts who work in the relevant field rather than ask for help from their parents and their family members just give suggestions to them.Chapter 2 Differences between Chinese and AmericanFamily Values2.1 the differences of relationship between parents and childrenWhether Americans or Chinese people, families are particularly important for them.In a family, the most basic relationship is filial piety, marriage and family education. Any one family, if do not pay attention to this fundamental relationship, can not be seen as a complete family. Chinese families care more about seniority relation, and the interdependence between family members. Parents emphasis filial piety, the Chinese family believe that families with many children and grandchildren is happiness. On the contrary, in the United States, people pay more attention to individual equality, independence and individual rights, one of the most outstanding concepts are independence and equality. And the cultural differences between China and the United States resulted in the differences in family values, therefore, in order to reduce the misunderstanding in communication between the two countries, and promote the friendly relations between the two countries, it is very necessary to do a comparative analysis between the two countries family values.Because on the concept of parents to educate their children between China and the United States is not the same, American parents focus on developing their children‟s independence and consciousness and they respect the child's own choice. Chinese parents in their children's education more reflect on spoiling their children, they always like to design their children everything in accordance with their own wishes.2.1.1 Chinese relationship between parents and childrenChina's family is usually composed of many people, there will be a lot of relatives in a family, family members are ranked according to seniority, the young should respect the elderly, the elderly care for the young. Respect for the old man is the traditional virtue of China.In China, parents have the right to determine the child's everything, almost everything is determined by their parents, because many parents regard their children as their private property ,for example, what kind of friends they should make, what style of clothes they should wear, which university you should choose, which subject they should be major in at university , and where they should work after graduation, Chinese parents hope that their children‟s work place can be closer to them, and even their marriage, parents hope that the couples coming from the families of equal status. Due to their high expectations for the children, When the child's performance gap with their demands, they complain or blame the child. They always want their children to be the best one in the class or even the whole school.In China, father is the head of the family, and is the center of a home, it is not because the feudal ideology that man is superior to woman but because what man has earned is the main source of family‟s incoming father's income much more than the mother's income , in a family, man is usually stern than woman.and speech less than woman and seldom communicate with their children, when children met difficulties in life or learning will first tell their mother instead of father, woman is often responsible for housekeeping, laundry, cooking, cleaning, although most household affair are decided by the mother, the most important thing is still determined by thefather, with their children, so mother has a more close relationship with their children than their father2.1.2 American relationship between parents and childrenAmerican parents focus on cultivating their kids independence, from their children start to speak, to express their will, the parents do not regard him as a baby. They think children should learn to be independent, and let them know that he is equal with their parents. And parents need to encourage and respect their children ,which are often missing in Asian.they think that their kids should have their own thoughts and their own ideas, so American parents try to develop their children' confidence and independence when their kids are eighteen-year-old they can leave home to create their own career, in America, a lot of kids in high school started to work and earn pocket money, parents do not give money to their children any more, after the children grown up, they should leave their parents to live alone, they should rely on their own ability to buy a car, buy a house, or go to the bank to borrow money, and do not rely on their parents any more. In America, parents and children are friends, American families emphasize happiness and joy, at the same time ,they do not attach importance to filial piety.Americans advocate democracy, equality and freedom. Everyone is equal before the God the relationship between family members is equal and independence, parents will not interfere with the child's affairs and father and mother have a equal right to make a decision on family affairs. However,American children was brought to live separately from their parents,and they are prone to feel lonely.2.2 the concept of Family EducationFrom ancient times to modern times, family education has been playing a very important role in a country education, A great man Deng Xiaoping said, “The basis of a country‟s modernization lies in talents, the basis of talents lies in education, and the basis of education lies in families.” therefore, more and more attention has been paid to family education, and family education has already become a very topic of the society. In life, the family is the first school where parents are children's first teachers. Children are the hope of a nation, family education is the foundation of education for children. In the world, there are many types of family education, family education in each country have demonstrated distinct characteristics, which is closely linked to its culture. American Family education is one of the most famous family education There are great differences in the concepts of education, methods of education aim of education and contents of education between American family education and Chinese family education. Different family education will gain different results.2.2.1 Chinese concept of family educationFamily education is the most fundamental position in education.In China, parents often tell their children, "To be a scholar is to be the top of society", "a young idler, an old beggar," " hope one's children will have a bright future ”or h opes for the daughter to grow up into a phoenix” which indicates that the Chines e parental expect too high of their children high, many parents only care about whether the children have a promising future , a good job , a good life or not .they believe the child‟s primary task is to study diligently, and enter into a famous university they think their child to be admitted to a good university can win glory for the whole family , so Chinese parents would like to provide everything what they can for their children in the process of children‟s growth .all in all , they are willing to sacrifice anything if their children can live better with their help.With the rapid development of social and economy, more and more Chinese parents focus on the cultivating their children, the purpose is to hope that their children will be admitted to prestigious universities, and the same time, Chinese parents ignore the development of their children‟s skills, such as the ability to live independently, social skills, life skills, though many Chinese students graduated from university and get a high diploma,they cannot live independently,and still rely on their parents.In China, some parents regard their children as their private property, and to educate their children as a family affair, and connect study with the child‟s personal future, family honor, happiness, the idea to teach the child for the country is not strong, children become parents tool to achieve the dream they did not achieve when they are young. “We were poor, we have no chance to go to university, so you have to study hard to go to college!" Most Chinese parents thinks like that., This seems to be the only expect of Chinese parents. Then from primary school to university, Chinese parents help to decide their children everything ,such as which university to choose , what major should they choose ,this is the result of Chinese family education, children are taught to listen to their parents. They do everything according to what they are told by their parents. Therefore, in the process of children‟s growth, the most important thing the parents concerning is to pursue a promising future, except for caring children‟s daily life . In order to make their children have a good performance in study , become outstanding , or even become a famous person in the future, they would not let children do anything except studying,except for the basic knowledge that children have to learn at school ,they have to learn various skill, for example, piano, violin, dance, drawing, and so on ,training course may de useful for some students, but the key point is whet her these skills are chosen based on the children‟s interest or not.Traditional Chinese family education stress kindheartedness and obedience. For example, in the film Gua Sha Treament, there is a scene that Datong orderded his son to apologize to his boss‟s son when h e saw his son was fighting with his boss‟s son .because h is son didn‟t apologize to his boss‟s son ,Datong slapped his son in the face , which shocked his boss very deeply . Because ,in America, it is illegal to beat children. They emphasis freedom and justice, and America children have more rights of autonomy.(guan,1998,5).2.2.2 American concept of family educationIn America, individualism plays a very important role in the family education.individual freedom and equality rank at the most important place. They believe that everyone should control their destiny by themselves, in American parents aim at cultivating children‟s ability of independence and the the ability of adapting of environment instead of getting a high point at school, from they are children ,their parents begin to train their ability of independence, for example,the children fall down, parents will not put his arm up , but to encourage them to stand up for themself, they let their children to sleep alone from they are infants rather than Chinese parents, kids to sleep next to their parents .American children have right to decide what they like to do, for example,if they chose a career when they grow up ,their parents just give them suggestions instead of arranging their future.,the decisive right is in the hand of their children and the same time, American parents encourage their child‟s to pursue personal interests with great energy . they regard the child as an independent and equal member in the family, and everyone is equal in the family. for example,if a mother and his daughter go to a music concert together,each of them may buy her own tickets instead of paying the tickets together.American parents respe ct the child‟s personality and dignity, and advocate the idea of self-responsibility and self-control. So American parents focus on cultivating their child‟s ability of independence they believe that children should rely on their strength and effort to grow up.when American child is 18 year old,they can move out of their parents house and start to live on their own.The vast majority of children over the age of 18, they earn his tuition by doing part-time job, some people work part-time job during school to earn living expenses, the children think it is disgraceful to spend their parents money after they grow up and they would be looked down upon by others, and it is very embarrassed. Therefore, they must find a job to achieve economically independent.In the U.S., parents pay attention to cultivate child‟s self-confidence, develop child‟s self-confidence is the primary task of family education, when children encounter difficulties or made a mistake, parents will encourage child to try it again rather than blame, they like to praise the child. when child has a certain self-confidence they are willing to learn. Besides, American parents emphasis develop child‟s responsibility. Let the children learn to wash dishes, wash handkerchief, organize their own beds.Meanwhile, American families emphasis on training children to participate in various associations. and parents are active participants , organizers, service providers,and the same time. Adults encourage children to do logout, rock climbing, jump into the sea and other dangerous sports, kids are happy to participate in these adventures.From an early age, American parents educate their children if you want something, you have to get it through your own efforts, there is no free lunch, parents generally do not give the child the right to inherit property. They think the worst thingin life is to let the child sit idle and enjoy the fruits of others so that children do not have the opportunity to experience their own successes and failures, true happiness comes from their own efforts, even if the family economic situation is very good, parents encourage children to use their own hands labor money, let the children learn to pay insurance costs or part of the fees.2.3 the concept of MarriageMarriage is the union of a man and a woman, who commit to romantically love and care for each other , both of them have the same responsibility of bearing and rearing children together and sharing the burdens and benefits of domestic life. Once two persons get marriage, they should be obligated and loyalty to each other sexually and usually form the interdependent economic and domestic units. And the same time, it is not only the union of two persons ,it is also the union of two families, and the foundation for establishing kinship patterns and family names. However, different countries have different attitude towards marriage.2.3.1 Chinese concept of marriageMarriage is the most important event for most Chinese people, we can say that marriage is the best love between two people. Traditionally, status of wives and husbands are not completely equal in ancient China. Chinese women are considered as the attachments to their husband and they have no social status. A woman is faithful to her husband to the end and lives by “the three obedience and four virtues” Chinese people think that marriage is a major event in their lives and treat marriage as a serious moral question. Chinese parents emphasis on the factor that the families of the bride and bridegroom are of equal position in the economic situation and social scale,love is unnecessary part of a marriage. People over 20 years old should get married ,if a girl is 25 years old still single ,it is a great shame for the traditional Chinese family, for older people , do not get married will be seen as "alternative people", and for many modern young people, they are more likely to become "alternative people." When choosing marriage partners, whether male or female, the character is both valued factors, personality is the most important factor .In addition to the character, a lot of women tend to value the man's ability and economic strength, while men also valued characteristics of the woman's appearance.Chinese marriage is relatively stable. Chinese women wish to live with their husband in their lifetime once they get married. Because , marriage is very important for them,and once a Chinese woman commits to her partner she will follow her husband for the rest life of her. So they are incredibly loyal, As a consequences, Chinese divorce rate by far is much lower than that of the USA.besides,Chinese people emphasis a collective benefited family, and in their opinions, marriage is not a personal problem, but it contains many factors like morals, responsibility, sense of honor and other factors. That is quite different from American concepts of marriage.But with the reform and opening up and development of the socialist market, Chinese modern concept of marriage has also been hit by western culture ,the most outstanding influence is the rising divorce rate, premarital cohabitation, single doctrine, Dink family, extramarital affairs and other social phenomena frequently appear, Chinese people's attitude towards marriage has become increasingly modernized, China's divorce rate is also increasing.3.3.2 American concept of marriageIn America, love is the basis of marriage, without love, marriage is impossible. Many American couples get married as the result of the mutule attraction and affection rather than practical consideration. And they believe that they should find someone that they can live happily with. There is an American proverb, love and marriage, go together like a horse and carriage” if the couple do not love each ot her, it is impossible for them to get married. For American, marriage is a serious issue, they will swear before God at the wedding that they will love each and to have and to hold from this day forward, for better, for worse, for richer, for poorer, in death do us part. In America, the definitive family value is individualism , they believe everyone is equal, and parents have no right to interfere their marriage. because they believe that marriage is free and it is their individual right, affected by individualism ,American regard marriage as a purely personal matter, so they put individual happiness to the top priority ,they think it is brutal to force two person who do not love each other anymore to live together. Besides, they hold the view that marriage is an action of law, and it is protected by law, so in America, everyone should be responsible for their marriage, and the couple should respect each other. They pay great attention to their appearance not only when they are passionate in love but also after they got married. Unlike Chinese couple, they dress up themselves beautifully when they are passionate in love, but they became careless about their appearance after they are married.In the relationship of marriage, sex is a very important part, but the Chinese and Americans attitudes towards sex is different, In China, people seldom talk about sex. parents would never talk about sex in front of children, they will be shy and their face will turn to red if someone talk about sex in front of them. while in the United States, "sex" is a very open topic, people will communicate with each other, sharing of experiences, to talk about their boyfriend or husband in bed and so on. And this is by no means superficial conversation, but detailed in-depth.In China, sex education classes to the children, it seems so many parents find it difficult to say, but in foreign countries, sex education is essential for a child growing up. It seems that in the United States, the children's education is the bounden duty of parents, many American parents think children should be introduced to the knowledge of sex by themselves, but many people also recognize the child's friends and the media are acting in this role,and the same time,American parents also pay attention to sexual safety education。

中美家庭价值观对比研究On the Differences of Family Values between China and America

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A Comparison of Family Values between China and America论文中美家庭观之比较

The differences between Chinese family and American family中美家庭差异研究

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中美家庭价值观对比研究On the Differences of Family Values between China and America

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中美家庭价值观对比-英文版

中美家庭价值观

中美家庭价值观差异论文 英文

中美家庭价值观差异论文 英文

The differences of family education in China and America 跨文化交际论文

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