《外刊经贸知识选读》复习资料
第一章
、术语
制成品manufactured goods
资本货物capital goods
国际收支balance of payments
经常项目current account
有形贸易项目visible trade account
无形贸易项目invisible trade account
贸易顺差trade surplus
贸易逆差trade deficit
易货贸易barter
补偿贸易comp ensation trade
反向贸易counter-trade
组装生产assembly manufacturing
工商统一税industrial and commercial consolidated tax
合资企业joint venture
延期付款deferred p ayment
买方信贷buyer credit
卖方信贷supp lier credit
软贷款（低息贷款）soft loan
最惠国待遇MFN treatment ( Most Favored nation treatment )
永久性正常贸易关系PNTR( Permanent Normal Trading Relations )
国民收入 NI ( National Income )
国民生产总值 GNP (Gross National Product )
国内生产总值 GDP (Gross Domestic Product ) 国际复兴和开发银行
IBRD (International Bank for
Reconstruction and Devel opm ent ) 国际开发协会 IDA (International Development Association
国际金融公司 IFC (International Finance Comporation 经济合作和发展组织 OECD (Organization for Economic
Coop eration and Devel opm ent )
国际清算银行 BIS (Bank for International Settlement 欧洲经济共同体 EEC ( European Economic Community 欧洲联盟 EU ( European Union )
外商直接投资 FDI (Foreign Direct Investment ) 、词语释义:
:dramatically ，significantly ，considerably
withdraw : cancellation theme ： p rinc iple
in return for : in exchange for disr upt : interru pt destined : designed pronounced : marked
substantially subsequently
afterwards
exacerbate : deteriorate worsen ； aggravate ； make worse
in the wake of : following after with
undue : too much ； unbearable reverse :
change to the opposite buoyant : brisk outcome : result boost : stimulate ； pro mote ； devel op recover : rebound facilitate : make easy run-down : reduction
insofar as : to the extent bottlenecks : obstacles
三、句子翻译
1. During the 1950s China exp orted agricultural p roducts to the USSR and East Europ ean countries in return for manufactured goods and the cap ital equipm ent required for the country industrialization p rogramme which pl aced emp hasis on the devel opm ent of heavy industry.
重工业的发展。
2. The growth of foreign trade was distr up ted again during the Cultural Revolution when agricultural and industrial
mount exhibitions
hold exhibitions
20世纪50年代， 中国向前苏联和东欧各国出口农产品以换取制成
品和国家的工业化计划所要求的资本设备， 而国家的工业化计划则强调
p roduction fell shar ply and trans portation constraints became more serious.
在文化大革命期间，外贸的增长又一次被打断了。当时农业和工业 生产急剧下降，运输管制变的更严重。
3. Exp orts grew much faster than imp orts during this p eriod not only because of the strong emp hasis pl aced on exp orting by
China ‘ s economic planners ， but also because a number of industrial projects were postponed in 1979. Official recognition that foreign technology could p lay a major role in modernizing the Chinese economy has caused imp orts to rise by more than 50 per cent in 1978， placing
undue strain on the national economy.
在这个时期，出口增长要快于进口增长不仅是由于中国经济计划
者着重强调出口，也是因为大多工业项目在
1979年被推迟了。官方承
认外国技术能够在中国经济的现代化中起重大作用，这导致了 中国的进口增加了 50%以上，从而给国民经济带来了重压。
4. Chinese official stress the impo rtance of introducing advanced technology to domestic industry technology of varying degrees of sophistication
， not necessarily
for advanced technology as that term is understood in the West.
种程度不同的精尖技术，而不是像西方国家理解的先进技术。
5. There are no official statistics covering the invisible account of the balance of p ayments
1978 年 but the need is for
中国官员强调为国内工业引进先进技术的重要性，
但是需要的是各
，but the size of the visible
trade surplus during 1981-1983 and a pron ounced increase in earnings from tourism suggest that the current account has been in surplus over the p ast few years.
没有官方的统计资料涉及无形贸易收支，
但在1981-1983年期间的
有形贸易顺差的大小和旅游赢利的显著增长表明了经常项目在过去几 年里有盈余。
6. Goods are p roduced according to a sample p rovided by the customer ， while strong encouragement is given to compensation trade whereby a foreign seller supp lies raw materials and equipm ent and receives manufactured goods
equipment provided ，in return .Compensation trade differs from barter or counter-trade insofar as there is a direct link between the equipment supplied from abroad and the manufactured product.
Assembly manufacturing began in 1978 and p articular forms of foreign trade are eligible for exemption from customs duties and taxation.
根据顾客提供的样品来生产产品，同时强烈鼓励补偿贸易。由此国 外的供应商提供原材料和设备并收到由其提供的设备生产出来的制成 品作为回报。补偿贸易在某种程度上不同于易货贸易和反向贸易，在国
的对外贸易形式有资格免除关税和其他税收。
，p roduced by the
外提供的设备和制成品中有直接的联系。来件组装始于
1978年，特殊
7. The debt p roblems confronting a number of devel oping foreign technology by means of direct investment and
concessionary finance rather than by raising substantial sums of money on the international cap ital markets. The authorities do not consider it approp riate to incur large amounts of external
debt until a number of practical bottlenecks in the economy ， such as an inadequate trans port network and energy constraints been
tackled.
许多发展中国家面对的债务问题使中国在引进外国技术时下了这
样的决心：采用直接投资和优惠付款方式融资，而不是在国际资本市场 筹集大额的资金。在经济中的许多实际瓶颈，如运输网络的不足和能源 缺乏被克服以前，官方认为招来大笔外债的做法是不妥当的。
第二章
、术语:
1.
The sp ecial Economic Zone 经济特区
5.consumer goods 消费品
countries have reinforced China
's determination to introduce have
2. a well-pl aced source 位高层消息灵通人士
3.infrastructure 基础设施
4.ca pital stock
实际资本
6.p referential tax rate 优惠税率
7.co op erative enter prise
合作（经营）企业
8. E TDZ ( Economic &Technical Devel opm ent Zone
）经济技术
开发区
9.entre pren eurshi p 企业家精神
18.technical transformation
二、词语释义:
1.in pi ecemeal form : pi ece by pi ece ； gradually 逐渐的
2. showpiece : a prime or outstanding example
3. pipedream : fantasy ； daydream ； dream that cannot be realized 白日梦
开始
s seat : in the dominant position
三、句子翻译:
1. A clearly confident China has rolled its bamboocurtain ， declared itself “open to the outside world ”
lO.means of p roduction 生产资料
".stock-taking 评估
12.Allocation of resources 资源配置
13.macroregulation and control 宏观调控
14.fiscal p olicies
财政政策
15.tight monetary p olicy 紧缩的货币政策
16.working cap ital 运营资本 17.basic p olicy
基本国策
技术革新
典范
4.from scratch
from the very beginning
从零开始，从最初
5.grassroots basic level 基层
6.the dust settles
the confusion ends
尘埃落定
7.in the driver up a large section of