（共26套）全国通用最新中考英语语法讲义及配套练习汇总（含所有中考语法知识）
被动语态
知识精讲
一、被动语态
语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语动词之间的具体关系，分为主动语态和被动语态两种。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者。
被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般来说，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用“被、受、给”等被动词来表示被动意义。其结构是由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词done”构成的。be本身无词义，但有时态、人称和数的变化，其变化与时态中的变化一致。
二、被动语态的用法
1. 不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。例：
The bridge was built last year. 这座桥是去年建造的。
He was elected chairman. 他被选为主席。
2. 当更加强调动作的承受者时。此时动作的执行者由by引导置于谓语动词之后，不需
要时可以省略。例：
The room hasn’t been cleaned yet. 房间还没有打扫。
The tiger was killed by him. 老虎被他杀死了。
3. 当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。例：
The window was blown by wind. 窗户被风吹开了。
The whole village has been washed away by the flood. 整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。
三点剖析
一、考点：被动语态的句子结构和用法。
二、重难点：谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义：
1. 英语中有很多动词如break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，
wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义，主语通常是物。
例：This kind of cloth washes well.
这种布料很好洗。
2. 表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen, last, take place, break
out, come out, come true, run out, give out, turn out 等，以主动形式表示被动意义。
例：How do the newspapers come out?
这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？
3. 系动词没有被动形式，但感官系动词feel, sound, taste, look, smell在主系表
结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。
例：Your reason sounds reasonable.
你的理由听起来很合理。
三、易错点：
1. 在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear等后面不定
式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加上介词to。
例：The great news made her feel happy. 可改为
She was made to feel happy by the great news.
Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为
A stranger was seen to walk into the building.
2. 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用
于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。
例：The meeting is to be put off till Friday.
这场会议将会推迟到周五。
3. “动词+宾语+宾补”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余
不动。
例：Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为
The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.
4. 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为
主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。
例：His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为
He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.
题模精选
题模一：主动语态变为被动语态
例1.1.1主动语态变为被动语态：
I have bought a ten-speed bicycle.
____________________________________________
例1.1.2主动语态变为被动语态：
The old man is watering flowers in the garden.
____________________________________________
例1.1.3主动语态变为被动语态：
The boy always plays the computer games at night.
____________________________________________
题模二：基本用法
例1.2.1The boy _________ to get supper ready after school. A．were told B．is telling
C．was told D．tells
例1.2.2This dictionary mustn’t_________ from the library. A．take away B．taken away
C．are taken away D．be taken away
随堂练习
随练1.1将下列句子变成被动语态。
1. They threw away the old book yesterday
____________________________________________
2. He had written a letter to his mother.
____________________________________________
3. People have seen the bear in this village.
____________________________________________
4. The workers are repairing the bridge.
___________________________________________
5. You shouldn’t bring dictionary to the English exam.
___________________________________________
随练1.2This kind of books sells well. They_________ already. A．sold out
B．have sold out
C．are sold out
D．have been sold out
随练1.3---Your coat looks nice. Is it _________ wool?
---Yes. It is_________ Australia.
A．made of, make by
B．made of, made in
C．made for, made in
D．made from, made by
随练1.4The pizza _________ by my mother. Would you like to have some? A．makes B．was making
C．made D．was made
随练1.5The classroom must _________ every day.
A．be kept clean
B．be kept cleaning
C．keep cleaned
D．keeps clean
随练1.6A．talk on Chinese history_________ in the school hall next week. A．is given B．has been given
C．will be given D．gives
随练1.7Our house_________ now.
A．is paint
B．is being painted
C．is got painted
D．has got to paint
自我总结
作业1将下列句子变成被动语态。
1. Have you posted the letters yet?
___________________________________________
2. I must do all the exercise in time.
___________________________________________
3. We are discussing the project at the meeting.
___________________________________________
4. Every year our office holds a flower show in the park in April.
___________________________________________
5. He had finished the work by the end of last term.
___________________________________________
作业2Mary_________ show me her new dictionary yesterday.
A．was asked to B．has asked to
C．is asked D．asks to
作业3The People’s Republic of China _________ on October 1, 1949.
A．found B．was founded
C．is founded D．was found
作业4This English song _________ by the girls after class. A．often sings B．often sang
C．is often sang D．is often sung
作业5Waste paper shouldn’t _________ here.
A．throw B．be thrown
C．to be thrown D．to throw
作业6 A new house _________ at the corner of the road now.
A．is being built B．is building
C．been built D．be build
作业7His new book_________ next month.
A．is being published
B．is publishing
C．will be published
D．has been published
答案解析
被动语态
题模精选
题模一：主动语态变为被动语态
例1.1.1
【答案】A．ten-speed bicycle has been bought by me.
【解析】考查被动语态。现在完成时被动语态的结构是has/have been done。
例1.1.2
【答案】The flowers are being watered in the garden by the old man.
【解析】考查被动语态。现在进行时被动语态的结构是is/are/am+ being done。
例1.1.3
【答案】The computer games are played by the boy at night.
【解析】考查被动语态。一般现在时被动语态的结构是am/is/are + done。
题模二：基本用法
例1.2.1
【答案】C
【解析】考查被动语态。再由句意可知是男孩被告知去做某事，was +done。故选C。例1.2.2
【答案】D
【解析】考查被动语态。再由句意可知是字典禁止从图书馆被带走。含有情态动词的被动语态mustn’t +be+ done。故选D。
随堂练习
随练1.1
【答案】 1. The old book was thrown by them yesterday.
2. A．letter had been written to his father by him.
3. The bear has been seen by the people on this village.
4. The bridge is being repaired by the workers.
5. The dictionary shouldn’t be brought to the English exam.
【解析】 1. 考查被动语态。一般过去时的被动语态was/were+ done。
2. 考查被动语态。过去完成时的被动语态had been+ done。
3. 考查被动语态。现在完成时的被动语态has/have been+ done。
4. 考查被动语态。现在进时的被动语态is/am/are +being +done。
5. 考查被动语态。含有情态动词的被动语态shouldn’t+ be done。
随练1.2
【答案】D
【解析】考查被动语态。already是现在完成时的时间状语，并且books与sell out 是被动关系。再由句意“这种书卖的很好。他们已经被卖光了。”可知，故选D。
随练1.3
【答案】B
【解析】考查被动语态。be made of由…制成，be made in在…国家被做。再由句意“—你的外套看起来很漂亮，它是由毛制成的吗？—是的，它被产于澳大利亚。”可知，故选B。
随练1.4
【答案】D
【解析】考查被动语态。pizza与make是被动关系。再由句意“披萨被妈妈做（过去的时间），您想要吃一些吗？可知，故选D。
随练1.5
【答案】A
【解析】考查被动语态。含有情态动词的被动语态must be done。再由句意“教室每天必须保持清洁。”可知，故选A。
随练1.6
【答案】C
【解析】考查被动语态。next week 是一般将来时的时间状语。Chinese history与give是被动关系。故选C。
随练1.7
【答案】B
【解析】考查被动语态。now是现在进行时的时间状语。house与paint是被动关系。故选B。
作业1
【答案】 1. Have the letter been posted yet?
2. All the exercises must be done in time.
3. The project is being discussed by them at the meeting.
4. Every year a flower show is held by our office in the park in April.
5. The work had been finished by the end of last term.
【解析】 1. 考查被动语态。现在完成时的被动语态has/have been+ done。
2. 考查被动语态。带有情态动词的被动语态must be+ done。
3. 考查被动语态。现在进行时的被动语态is/am/are being+ done。
4. 考查被动语态。一般现在时的被动语态is/am/are+ done。
5. 考查被动语态。过去完成时的被动语态had been+ done。
作业2
【答案】A
【解析】考查被动语态。yesterday是一般过去时的时间状语。由句意可知，主语“玛丽”与ask之间是被动关系，was asked to do sth. 故选A。
作业3
【答案】B
【解析】考查被动语态。on October1, 1949是一般过去时的时间状语。The People’s Republic of China 与found(建立)是被动关系。was+ done。故选B。作业4
【答案】D
【解析】考查被动语态。often是一般现在是的时间状语。song与sing 是被动关系。sing的过去分词是sung。is often+ done。故选D。
作业5
【答案】B
【解析】考查被动语态。含有情态动词的被动语态shouldn’t be +done。Waste paper 与throw是被动关系。故选B。
作业6
【答案】A
【解析】考查被动语态。now是现在进行时的时间状语。new house与build是被动关系。build的过去分词是built。is being+ done。故选A。
作业7
【答案】C
【解析】考查被动语态。next month是一般将来时的时间状语。book与public是被动关系。wiil be+ done。故选C。
宾语从句
宾语从句
知识精讲
一、定义
宾语从句是英语复合句中非常重要的从句之一，也是初中阶段要求重点掌握的从句。宾语从句属于名词性从句，是用一个句子做另一个句子的宾语。宾语从句一般做介词或及物动词的宾语，如：
We all expect that they will win.
我们所有人都盼着他们能赢。（动宾）
We are talking about whether we should keep the money.
我们正在讨论是否应该收下这笔钱。（介宾）
二、宾语从句的连接词
宾语从句的引导词很多样，基本涵盖了从句中涉及的所有引导词，可分为从属连词，连
二、宾语从句的时态
1. 若主句是现在时的某种时态（一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），宾语从句不受限制，可以根据实际情况随意穿越，如：
I remember he gave me a book yesterday.
我记得他昨天给了我一本书。
He has told me that he will leave for Shanghai next week.
他已经告诉我下周他就要动身去上海了。
2. 若主句是过去时的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么宾语从句一般要用过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时），如：
I only knew he was studying in a western country.
我只知道他当时在西方的一个国家读书。
My teacher told me that Mrs. Rosemary had been back to Australia already.
我的老师告诉我，Rosemary夫人已经回澳大利亚了。
The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to deal with smog.
记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施处理雾霾。
3. 若从句是一个客观真理,那么从句用一般现在时，不根据主句的时态而变化，如：
The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound last week.
上周老师告诉我们说光比声音传播快。
三、宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序要用陈述语序，尤其疑问词作连接词的句子要格外注意，因为读起来与正常疑问句不同，容易出错，陈述语序即主语+谓语的顺序，如：
Is it a good idea? Do you think so?
=Do you think (that) it is a good idea?
四、宾语从句的否定转移
主句的谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, consider等,并且主句的主语是第一人称时，从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.
I don’t think he will come to my party. (√)
I think he won’t come to my party. (×)
我认为他不会来我的舞会.
I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim, is he?
我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是?
五、宾语从句的简化
1. 当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句谓语动词为hope, wish, decide, agree, choose等词时，从句可简化为不定式结构，如：
My friend hopes that he can receive a birthday present.
=My friend hopes to receive a birthday present.
我的朋友希望收到一份生日礼物。
2. 当宾语从句主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是know, remember, forget, learn等，从句有疑问词引导时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构，如：She doesn’t know what she should say next.
=She doesn’t know what to say next.
她不知道该说些什么。
三点剖析
一、重难点：
宾语从句时初中阶段重点考点，考试最后一题单选题往往涉及，考查重点主要是从宾语从句的语序和时态入手，判断时态，还原陈述语序也就是做这种题的关键。
二、易错点：
1. if, whether在宾语从句中的区别
在宾语从句中if和whether都是“是否”的意思，但在一下情况下，只能用whether
1). if和whether在作“是否”解时，介词后一般不用if，如：
They are talking about whether she will come tonight.
他们正在讨论今晚她会不会来。
2). whether后可以加or not，但是if不可以，如：
They don’t know whether she will come or not.
他们不知道她会不会来。
3). 在不定式前只能用whether，如：
I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。
4). 避免歧异时，我们常用whether而不用if，如：
They are wondering if she can come. (×)
They are wondering whether she can come. (√)
注：if只有在宾从中才作“是否”理解，在常见的条件状语从句中翻译为“如果”，如：If I pass the exam, I will get a present from my mom.
如果通过考试，我将从妈妈那里得到个礼物。
2. 宾语从句中不可省略的that
that引导宾语从句没有意思，大多时候可以省略，但若多个宾语从句并列时，第一个that可省略，其余连词后的that必须要在，以表示与前一句宾语从句并列，否则会出现歧义，如：
He admits (that) there are some problems in this software and that it will take a while to solve them.
他承认软件有问题，同时承认解决问题需要一些时间。
题模精选
题模一：关系词选择
例1.1.1---It’s said that the new highway has been completed.
---Yes, but we don’t know _________ it’s to be opened to traffic soon.
A．which B．when
C．whether D．since
例1.1.2---It’s so late. Why not write the report tomorrow?
---But I don’t know _________ I can do it if not now.
A．why B．when C．how D．where
例1.1.3选择恰当关系词填空
1. Do you know _________ else is going to be on duty today? (who, whom)
2. Jim told me _________ he didn’t go fishing yesterday afternoon. (how, why) 题模二：宾语从句的语序和时态
例1.2.1句型转换
1. “These flowers are from Guangdong.” He said.
He said _________ these flowers _________ from Guangdong.
2. Was the watch made in Shanghai? I don’t know.
I don’t know _________ the watch _________ made in Shanghai.
例1.2.2
– Can you tell me _________ to London?
– Sure. Next month.
A． when you will travel
B． when will you travel
C． when you travelled
D． when did you travel
例1.2.3
—What did the teacher say to you just now?
—She asked ______.
A．where did I learn Japanese
B．where I learned Japanese
C．where do I learn Japanese
D．where I learn Japanese
随堂练习
随练1.1选择恰当关系词填空
1. She said _________ it wouldn’t matter much.（that, if）
2. He always thinks _________ he can do better.（how, who）
3. We are talking about _________ we’ll go back tomorrow. (whether, if)
4. I was really surprised at _________ I saw. (where, what)
5. I don’t know _________ so many people are looking at him. (how, why)
6. Do you know _________ you are studying for? (why, what)
7. I really don’t know _________ he bridge will be finished.（how long, how soon）
随练1.2Could you say it again? I can’t understand _________ you are talking about. A．how B．when C．what D．which
随练1.3We’ll plant trees tomorrow, and I don’t know _________ Tom will come and join us.
A．if B．what C．which D．where
随练1.4What did Mike say? He said _________.
A．if you are free the next week
B．what color was it
C．the weather is fine
D．summer comes after spring
随练1.5Tom asked my friend _________.
A．where was he from
B．that the earth is bigger than the moon
C．when did he come back
D．not to be so angry
随练1.6She told me the sun _________ in the east.
A．rise B．rose
C．rises D．had risen
自我总结
作业1I don’t know _________ they have passed the exam.
A．what B．if C．when D．where
作业2---What did the teacher say just now?
---He said that the earth _________ round the sun.
A．go B．goes
C．going D．will go
作业3句型转换
1. Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.
My teacher told me _________ light _________ faster than sound.
2. There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didn’t know.
Jack didn’t know _________ there _________ _________ a meeting in five days.
4. Can they speak French? I want to know.
I want to know _________ _________ _________ _________.
5. Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang.
Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ homework
yet.
作业4I was told to meet Mr. Green at the airport. But I don’t know _________ he will arrive.
A．where B．why C．how D．when
作业5Let me tell you _________.
A．how much is the car
B．how much does the car cost
C．how much did I pay for the car
D．how much I spent on the car
作业6Peter knew _________.
A．whether he has finished reading the book
B．why the boy had so many questions
C．there were 12 months in a year
D．when they will leave for Paris
答案解析
宾语从句
题模精选
题模一：关系词选择
例1.1.1
【答案】C
【解析】考查宾语从句关系词选择。根据句意，我们并不知道是否会很快通车，根据soon 排除B选项，whether更符合语境，故选C。
例1.1.2
【答案】B
【解析】考查宾语从句关系词选择。根据句意“—太晚了，为什么不明天写这份报告呢？—但是我不知道如果现在会写还能什么时候写。”在讨论写报告的时间，故选B。
例1.1.3
【答案】 1. who
2. why
【解析】 1. 考查宾语从句关系词。根据句意：你知道今天还有谁会值日吗？所以应该用表示“谁”的关系词，又宾语从句中缺少主语，所以用who。
2. 考查宾语从句关系词。根据句意：吉姆告诉我他昨天下午为什么没有去钓鱼。how表示方式，明显不符语境，所以选why。
题模二：宾语从句的语序和时态
例1.2.1
【答案】 1. that; were
2. whether; was
【解析】完成句子
1. 考查宾语从句关系词和时态。首先从句为陈述一个事实，所以用that;又主句为过去时，所以从句也要用过去时的一种形式。
2. 考查宾语从句关系词和从句时态。根据原句，改成的句子应该为“我不知道这块表是否是上海制造”，所以关系词用whether；又主语是一般现在时，从句随意穿越，被制造已经发生了，所以用过去时。
例1.2.2
【答案】A
【解析】考查宾语从句。根据答语Next month可知是将来时，排除C、D项；从句用陈述语序，排除B项，故选A。
例1.2.3
【答案】B
【解析】考查宾语从句的陈述语序以及时态。
随堂练习
随练1.1
【答案】 1. that
2. how
3. whether
4. what
5. why
6. what
7. how soon
【解析】 1. 考查宾语从句关系词选择。关系词选择主要看从句的成分和意思，从句时一句完整的话，且不有不确定性，所以填that。
2. 考查宾语从句关系词选择。从句是完整句子，再根据句意：他总在思考他如何能够做得更好。所以填how。
3. 考查宾语从句关系词区分。宾语从句中whether和if都是是否的意思，但在介词后只能用whether，所以填whether。
4. 考查宾语从句关系词选择。从句中缺少宾语，即看到的内容，故填what。
5. 考查宾语从句关系词选择。根据句意：我不知道为什么那么多人看着他。所以填why。
6. 考查宾语从句关系词选择。根据句意，你知道你学习是为了什么吗？从句缺少for的宾语，即为什么而学，故填what，另外why=what for。
7. 考查宾语从句关系词选择。根据句意：我真的不知道这座桥多久会竣工。how long就是问多长时间，特指时间段，how soon则表示多久之后，所以填how soon。
随练1.2
【答案】C
【解析】考查宾语从句关系词选择。首先看从句，缺少about的宾语，排除AB；又从句没有问一个范围中哪一个，而是问谈论的内容，故选C。
【答案】A
【解析】考查宾语从句关系词选择。从句完整，排除BD；又从句为不确定的一件事，故选A。
随练1.4
【答案】D
【解析】考查宾语从句时态和语序。宾语从句用陈述语序，排除B；又主句用的said，从句也应该用一般过去时，排除AC；又D选项是自然现象，不受从句时态规则限制，故选D。随练1.5
【答案】D
【解析】考查宾语从句时态和语序。宾语从句用陈述语序，排除AC；又主句用的ask，若跟从句应该是个不确定因素，所以B选项tha t引导不合理，故选D。
随练1.6
【答案】C
【解析】考查宾语从句时态。主句是过去时，从句本应也要对应相应时态，但从句是自然现象，用一般现在时，故选C。
作业1
【答案】B
【解析】考查宾语从句关系词选择。从句不缺成分，排除A；再根据句意，应该是不知道是否通过考试合理，故选B。
作业2
【答案】B
【解析】考查宾语从句时态。从句式客观事实或真理，永远用一般现在时，故选B。
作业3
【答案】 1. that; travels
2. whether; would be
3. whether they can speak French
4. whether he had finished his
【解析】 1. 考查宾语从句关系词选择和时态。从句为陈述事实，所以用that；又从句为自然现象，用一般现在时，三单加s。
2. 考查宾语从句关系词和时态。主句为didn’t know，那么从句一定是一个不确定的内容，又根据提示，从句完整，所以用whether；又从句时态要和主句保持一致，用过去将来时。
3. 考查宾语从句关系词和时态语序。主句为want to know，那么从句一定是一个不确定的内容，又根据提示，从句完整，所以用whether；又主句一般现在时，从句时态随意使用，这句问的是现状，用一般现在时既可；最后，要用陈述语序。
4. 考查宾语从句关系词和时态语序。根据句意，应该是问是否完成了作业，所以用whether；又主句为过去时，那么从句对应过去完成时；语序用陈述语序。
作业4
【答案】D
【解析】考查宾语从句关系词选择。根据句意可知，见面的地点已经确定在飞机场，但不知道什么时候到，所以说时间最合理，故选D。
【答案】D
【解析】考查宾语从句语序和时态。宾语从句要用陈述语序，直接排除ABC；主句一般现在时，从句时态不受限制，故选D。
作业6
【答案】B
【解析】考查宾语从句时态和语序。主句过去时，从句用过去某种时态，排除AD；C选项为客观事实，要用一般现在时，故选B。
定语从句
定语从句
知识精讲
一、定义
在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，通常位于定语从句之前。引导定语从句的有关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that等和关系副词where, when, why等，关系代词和关系副词，既起到连接作用，又在定语从句中担任句子成份。总结定语从句的一般结构为：先行词+关系词+定语从句。
一、关系代词
1. 关系代词指代先行词，在从句中作主语，宾语或表语，基本用法如下表：
子中充当主语，宾语或表语；which指物，在从句中也做主语，宾语或表语，所以which和that在指物时，大多时候可以互换，如：
This is the movie that I like best.
=This is the movie which I like best.
这就是我最喜欢的电影。
2. 关系代词的省略
一般情况下，关系代词作宾语时可以省略，但若关系代词在从句中作介词宾语，且介词在关系代词前，不能省略，如：
I’ll never forget the day that we spent together.
我永远都不会忘记与你共度的时光。（可省略）
I’ll never forget the day on which we met each other.
我永远不会忘记我们初次见面那一天。（不可省）
二、关系副词
注意：与关系代词不同，关系副词在从句中作状语，状语并不是句子必须成分，所以即使没有关系副词，从句的内容也完整。这是关系副词与关系代词最大的不同，也是我们选题的关键。同时，关系副词大多可以拆分成介词+which的形式，如：
This is the house where Luxun once lived.
=This is the house in which Luxun once lived.
这是鲁迅曾经住过的房子。
三点剖析
一、重难点：
定语从句考查形式比较单一，单选一般考关系词的选择，按照上表，我们很容易根据先行词判断出关系词选谁最合适。高中会系统讲解定语从句，所以我们在初中阶段还要了解从句中的各个成分，为之后的学习做好准备。
二、易错点：
前文我们提到若先行词为物，关系词可以用that或which，而且大多数可以互换。但以下几种情况，必须用 that引导定语从句：
1. 先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等，如：
All that we have to do is to practice English.
我们要做的事情就是去练习英语。
2. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，如：
The first letter that I got from him will be kept.
我收到他的第一封信将会被保存起来。
3. 先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰，如：
I've eaten up all the food that you gave me.
我把你给我的所有事物都吃光了。
4. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时，如：
He is the only person that I want to talk with.
他是我唯一想与之交谈的人。
5. 先行词既有人又有物时，如:
They talked about persons and things that they met.
他们谈论了他们见到的人和事。
题模精选
题模一：关系代词
例1.1.1---What shall we do next?
---Take the advice _________ is given by Dr. Bloch.
A．who B．which C．whose D．whom
例1.1.2The Palace Museum is the best place _________ I’ve ever visited. A．who B．when C．that D．where
例1.1.3完成句子
1. 你有什么要对自己说的吗？
Do you have _________ _________ you want to say for yourself?
2. 这是我父亲曾经住过的房子。
This is a house in _________ my father once lived.
题模二：关系副词
例1.2.1This is the primary school _________ I studied three years ago. A．where B．when C．that D．which
例1.2.2Do you remember the days _________ we spent in Sanya?
A．when B．that C．what D．where
例1.2.3完成句子
你知道他缺席的原因吗？
Do you know the reason _________ he is absent?
随堂练习
随练1.1The second book _________ I want to read is Business @ the Speed of Thought. A．which B．what C．that D．as
随练1.2The book_________ is sold out at the moment.
A．you need
B．what you need
C．which you need it
D．that you need it
随练1.3完成句子
1. 人们都喜欢那些有礼貌的人。
People all like those _________ have good manners.
2. 这是我障碍寻找的那本书。
This is the book _________ I’m looking for.
3. 这是我看过的最有趣的电影。
This is _________ _________ interesting _________ _________ I’ve ever seen.
4. 我还记得第一次来北京的那一天。
I still remember the day _________ I first came to Beijing.
5. 你能告诉我他上班的办公室吗？
Can you tell me the office _________ he works?
随练1.4I'll never forget the days _________ I stayed with you.
A．when B．in which
C．that D．for which
随练1.5Is this the place _________ Lincoln once lived.
A．that B．which C．where D．when
自我总结
最新中考英语语法填空易错点汇总及练习测试题经典 一、初三中考语法填空（含答案详细解析） 1．阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 About ten years ago when I was at university, I worked at my university's museum. One day ________ I was working in the gift shop, I saw two old people come ________ with a little girl in a wheelchair （轮椅）. As I looked closer ________ this girl, I realized she had no arms or legs, just a head, neck and body. She was ________ （wear） a little white dress. When the old people pushed her up to me, I was looking down at the desk. I turned my head and gave ________ （she） a smile. As I took the money from her grandparents, I looked back at the girl, who was giving me the cutest, ________ （happy） smile I had ever seen. Just at that ________ , her physical handicap （生理缺陷）was gone. All I saw was this beautiful girl, whose smile just impressed me ________ almost gave me a completely new idea of what life is all about. She took me from a poor, unhappy university student and brought me into her world, a world of smiles and love. That was ten years ago. I'm a ________ （success） business person now and whenever I feel frustrated and think about the trouble of the world, I will think of that little girl and the unusual lesson about life that she ________ （teach） me. 【答案】when/while；in；at；wearing；her；the happiest；time/moment；and；successful；taught 【解析】【分析】文章大意：大学期间遇到的一个坐轮椅的小女孩，她的可爱的乐观的微笑改变了我的人生观。十多年以来，她的微笑始终激励着我。 （1）句意：有一天，我在礼品店工作时，看到两个老人带着一个坐轮椅的小女孩进来。分析句式结构可知，I was working in the gift shop是一个时间状语从句，要用when或while 来引导；第一空格故填when或while；因I was working in the gift shop，因此two old people需要进来，我才能看到。固定短语come in，进来，第二个空格故填in。（2）句意：当我走近这个女孩时，我发现她没有胳膊或腿，只有头、脖子和身体。根据后面语句I realized she had no arms or legs, just a head, neck and body. 可知，我近距离地看到了这个小女孩。固定短语look at，看到，故填at。 （3）句意：她穿着一件白色的小裙子。wear，穿，动词，根据前面的was可知，此句要用过去进行时，故填wearing。 （4）句意：我转过头对她笑了笑。she，人称代词主格，她；固定短语give sb. sth.给某人某物，人称代词作give的宾语要用宾格，故填her。 （5）句意：她给了我一个我所见过的最可爱、最快乐的微笑。happy，开心，快乐。根据语句中的the cutest与I had ever seen可知此空要用最高级，故填the happiest。 （6）句意：就在那时，她的生理缺陷消失了。固定短语at that time，at that moment，在那时，故填time或moment。 （7）句意：我看到的只是一个美丽的女孩，她的微笑给我留下了深刻的印象，几乎让我对生活的意义有了全新的认识。分析句式结构impressed me与almost gave me a，……是小
中考英语语法专项练习题及答案中考英语专项练习之主谓一致及直接引语和间接引语 主谓一致 英语中句子的主语要与其后的谓语保持一致，即“主谓一致”。一般遵循三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。 【练习导航】 Ⅰ. 用适当的be动词或助动词填空。 1. Every student _______ got a book. 2. The number of students in the school _______ now rising. 3. A number of boys _______ playing basketball at the moment. 4. There _______ something else in the desk. 5. Tom, together with his mother, _______ gone to New York. 6. The teacher with two students _______ playing sports. 7. This pair of trousers _______ made by my aunt last year. 8. Five months _______ a long time to wait. 9. Here _______ some books. 10. To clean the room _______ your duty. Ⅱ. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。 11. When I got there, they each _______ (read) a book. 12. Neither of us _______ (like) the storybook. 13. Everyone except me _______ (go) to the cinema yesterday. 14. A football team often _______ (have) eleven players. 15. No one but my parents _______ (know) the truth. 16. Jim’s family _______ (enjoy) watching TV after supper. 17. What you said _______ (be) quite useful to us. 18. Look! The class _______ (do) morning exercise on the playground. 19. Twenty years _______ (have) passed since he left his hometown. 20. Three glasses of milk _______ (be) enough for us. Ⅲ. 单项选择 ( )21. Either Tom or I ______ going there tomorrow. A. are B. is C. am D. be ( )22. Jenny as well as her friends ______ swimming. A. are going B. has gone C. were going D. have gone ( )23. No one ______ swimming in such bad weather. A. like B. likes C. liking D. liked ( )24. —What ______ the number of the students in your school? —About two thousand. A number of them ______ from the USA.
初中英语语法综合测试题 1. They want their daughter to go to university, and they also want her to get summer job. A. /; a B. the; a C. an; a D. a; the 2.—Would your younger brother go for a picnic this Sunday? —If I don’t go, . A. so does he B. so will he C. neither does he D. neither will he 3. —Are these books ? —No, they are not mine, they belong to . A. your, her B. yours, her C. you, hers D. yours, she 4. People went to the concert which was held in People’s Square the night of May day. A. Thousands of, in B. Thousand, on C. Many thousand, in D. Thousands of, on 5. The more you smile, the you will feel. A. happy B. happily C. more happily D. happier 6. I will send you an e-mail as soon as I in Canada. A. am arriving B. will arrive C. arrive D. arrived 7. Jack dislike the weather in Beijing in spring, because there is so much wind and sand. But now he it. A. is used to, used to B. used to, is used to C. was used to, is used to D. used to, uses to 8. There on the wall. They are very beautiful. A. are photos B. are photoes C. is a photo D. is photos 9. This kind of car made in Shanghai. A. is B. are C. were D. has 10. The of the cottage were covered with . A. roofs; leafs B. roofs; leaves C. roves; leafs D. roves; leaves 11. Something was wrong with car, but luckily they knew how to fix it. A. Jim’s and Tom’s B. Jim and Tom’s C. Jim’s and Tom D. Jim and Tom 12. There are four and two in the group.
（英语）中考英语语法填空汇编专项训练100(附答案)及解析 一、英语语法填空汇编 1．阅读下面短文，根据文章大意用所给单词的适当形式填空（未提供单词的，限填一词），使文章意思完整、正确。 There is a nice family living in Valladolid, a beautiful city in Spain.________father, Jose Garcia, is a tall and friendly man. He________（work）in a famous company. He married Teresa, a________（beauty） woman, ________dark eyes and light hair. She is a ________（teach） of a primary school. Jose and Teresa have three________（child）: Susan, Rebecca and Juan. The________（old）, Susan, is 24 years old. She's a doctor and busy with her work every day. She________（usual） goes to work at 8 a.m. and comes home after 7p.m. Rebecca, a beautiful girl with big dark eyes, is 19 years old and________（study）Chinese in the Canary Islands. Juan, a naughty 11-year-oldboy, dreams of________a great football player. They are a happy family.【答案】The；works；beautiful；with；teacher；children；eldest；usually；studies；becoming 【解析】【分析】文章大意：在西班牙美丽的城市瓦拉多利德，住着一个很好的家庭。何塞·加西亚娶了特蕾莎。她是一所小学的五年级教师。何塞和特蕾莎生了三个孩子：苏珊、丽贝卡和胡安。苏珊，24岁。她是个医生，每天都忙于工作。She早上8点上班，晚上7点回家。Rebecca，19岁，在加那利群岛学习中文。胡安，一个顽皮的11岁男孩，梦想着成为一名伟大的足球运动员。他们是一个幸福的家庭。 （1）句意：爸爸，何塞加西亚是一个高个子善良的人。father特指前文提到的住在瓦拉多利德承德市幸福家庭中的爸爸，因此使用定冠词，因为在句首，手字母t应大写，故答案是The。 （2）句意：他在一个著名的公司上班。本文的基本时态为一般现在时，所以本句也是一般现在时，主语he是第三人称单数，因此谓语动词使用单三形式，故答案是works。（3）句意：他娶了一个叫做特蕾莎的长着黑色眼睛的妇女。beauty作定语修饰woman，应使用形容词beautiful，故答案是beautiful。 （4）句意：他娶了一个叫做特蕾莎的长着黑色眼睛的妇女、长着黑色眼睛作定语修饰woman，应使用介词with连接，故答案是with。 （5）句意：他是一个小学的老师。根据冠词a，可知后面单数可数名词，与teach相关的名词是teacher，老师，故答案是teacher。 （6）句意：何塞和特蕾莎有三个孩子。child孩子，可数名词，根据three可知应使用复数形式children，故答案是children。 （7）句意：最大的，苏珊24岁了。根据后文的叙述可知苏珊年龄最大，兄弟姐妹之间年龄最大使用eldest，故答案是eldest。 （8）句意：她通常八点上班。usual修饰go to work，应使用副词形式usually，故答案是usually。 （9）句意：长着黑色大眼睛的丽贝卡19岁了，在加那利群岛学习中文，文章的基本时态为一般现在时，主语Rebacca是第三人称单数，动词使用单三形式，故答案是studies。（10）句意：十一岁的胡安是一个淘气的男孩，他的梦想是成为一乐伟大的足球运动员。
中考英语语法 练习 目录 一．名词（）二．形容词（）三．代词（）四．数词（）五．冠词（）六．动词动词语态时态（）· 动词不定式（）七．副词（）八．介词（）九．连词（）十．比较级和最高级（）十一．定语从句（）十二．主谓一致（）十三．状语从句（）十四．虚拟语气（）十五．倒装句（）十六．。 （） 十七．独立主格 十八．其他重点语法（）
初中英语语法专项练习一——名词 1 ( ) 1 She was very happy. She in the maths test. A. makes a few mistake B. made a few mistakes C. made few mistakes D. makes few mistake ( ) 2 We need some more____. Can you go and get some, please A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. potatoe ( ) 3 _____are____for cutting things. A. Knife/used B. Knives/used C. Knife/using D. Knives/using ( ) 4 What big____ the tiger has! A. tooth B. teeth C. tooths D. toothes ( ) 5 Please remember to give the horse some tree___. A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf D. leave ( ) 6 -Can we have some ___ -Yes, please. A. banana B. oranges D. pear ( ) 7 On the table there are five____. A. tomatos B. piece of tomatoes C. tomatoes D. tomato 2 ( ) 1 They got much ___ from those new books. A. ideas B. photos C. information D. stories ( ) 2 He gave us____ on how to keep fit. A. some advices B. some advice C. an advice D. a advice ( ) 3 When we saw his face, we knew___ was bad. A. some news B. a news C. the news P. news ( ) 4 What___ lovely weather it is! A. / B. the C. an D. a 3 ( ) 1 -Would you like___tea -No, thanks. I have drunk two____. A. any, bottles of orange B. some, bottles of orange C. many, bottles of oranges D. few, bottle of oranges ( ) 2 He is hungry. Give him ___ to A. two breads B. two piece of bread C. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads ( ) 3 It really took him:___ to draw the nice horse. A. sometimes B. hour C. long time D. some time ( ) 4 I would like to have___. A. two glasses of milk B. two glass of milk I C. two glasses of milks D. two glass of milks ( ) 5 Can you give me ____ A. a tea B. some cup of tea C. a cup tea D. a cup of tea ( ) 6 Please give me ___ paper. A. one B. a piece C. a D. a piece of ( ) 7 John bought___for himself yesterday. A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoe C. two pair of shoes D. two pairs shoes 4 ( ) 1 -How many ____ have you got on your farm
中考语法专题训练(一) 名词 Ⅰ.单项选择 1.[2018·泰州] About how to achieve a balance between hobbies and schoolwork, Justin asked me for my . A.position B.attention C.suggestion D.introduction 2.[2018·宿迁] Wu Wei, a young artist, has received high from the art community for this sculptures. A.pride B.praise C.promise D.progress 3.[2018·盐城] Please give me some on how to spend the coming weekend. A.space B.advice C.praise D.courage 4.[2018·扬州] The Queqiao satellite(卫星) will form a bridge between controllers on Earth and the far side of the Moon. A.contribution https://www.doczj.com/doc/5816778614.html,munication C.celebration https://www.doczj.com/doc/5816778614.html,petition 5.[2018·常州]Lights are out. The concert is to begin. The fans hold their breath for Jay Chou’s. A.influence B.guidance C.experience D.appearance 6.[2018·南京]—Do you have this T-shirt in a small ? —I’m afraid not. It only comes in medium. A.size B.colour C.material D.taste 7.[2018·莱芜]Stephen Hawking’s story gives me much to face all kinds of difficulties. A.chance B.wealth C.courage D.decision 8.[2018·铜仁]—What would you like to drink? —I’d like three . A.bottles of waters B.bottle of waters C.bottle of water D.bottles of water 9.[2018·北部湾] The woman in a hat is aunt. A.Jack and John B.Jack’s and John C.Jack’s and John’s D.Jack and John’s 10.[2018·本溪]—Your is quite good. You must be from an English-speaking country. —Thanks, but I’m from China.
最新英语中考英语语法填空训练经典1 一、初三中考语法填空（含答案详细解析） 1．阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 About ten years ago when I was at university, I worked at my university's museum. One day ________ I was working in the gift shop, I saw two old people come ________ with a little girl in a wheelchair （轮椅）. As I looked closer ________ this girl, I realized she had no arms or legs, just a head, neck and body. She was ________ （wear） a little white dress. When the old people pushed her up to me, I was looking down at the desk. I turned my head and gave ________ （she） a smile. As I took the money from her grandparents, I looked back at the girl, who was giving me the cutest, ________ （happy） smile I had ever seen. Just at that ________ , her physical handicap （生理缺陷）was gone. All I saw was this beautiful girl, whose smile just impressed me ________ almost gave me a completely new idea of what life is all about. She took me from a poor, unhappy university student and brought me into her world, a world of smiles and love. That was ten years ago. I'm a ________ （success） business person now and whenever I feel frustrated and think about the trouble of the world, I will think of that little girl and the unusual lesson about life that she ________ （teach） me. 【答案】when/while；in；at；wearing；her；the happiest；time/moment；and；successful；taught 【解析】【分析】文章大意：大学期间遇到的一个坐轮椅的小女孩，她的可爱的乐观的微笑改变了我的人生观。十多年以来，她的微笑始终激励着我。 （1）句意：有一天，我在礼品店工作时，看到两个老人带着一个坐轮椅的小女孩进来。分析句式结构可知，I was working in the gift shop是一个时间状语从句，要用when或while 来引导；第一空格故填when或while；因I was working in the gift shop，因此two old people需要进来，我才能看到。固定短语come in，进来，第二个空格故填in。（2）句意：当我走近这个女孩时，我发现她没有胳膊或腿，只有头、脖子和身体。根据后面语句I realized she had no arms or legs, just a head, neck and body. 可知，我近距离地看到了这个小女孩。固定短语look at，看到，故填at。 （3）句意：她穿着一件白色的小裙子。wear，穿，动词，根据前面的was可知，此句要用过去进行时，故填wearing。 （4）句意：我转过头对她笑了笑。she，人称代词主格，她；固定短语give sb. sth.给某人某物，人称代词作give的宾语要用宾格，故填her。 （5）句意：她给了我一个我所见过的最可爱、最快乐的微笑。happy，开心，快乐。根据语句中的the cutest与I had ever seen可知此空要用最高级，故填the happiest。 （6）句意：就在那时，她的生理缺陷消失了。固定短语at that time，at that moment，在那时，故填time或moment。 （7）句意：我看到的只是一个美丽的女孩，她的微笑给我留下了深刻的印象，几乎让我对生活的意义有了全新的认识。分析句式结构impressed me与almost gave me a，……是小
宾语从句练习1 ( ) 1 The girls asked if they ____ some food and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take ( ) 2 Catherine said that she ___ to Guangzhou. A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been ( ) 3 The students want to know whether they___ dictation today. A. had B. has . C. will have D. are ( ) 4 She asked Linda if___ go and get some. A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may ( ) 5 Linda said the moon___ round the earth. A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled 2 ( ) 1 Can you tell me___ you were born, Betty? A. who B. what C. when D. that ( ) 2 I don't know ___ they have passed the exam. A. what B. if C. when D. where ( ) 3 I hardly understand.___ he has told me. A. that B. what C. which D. who ( ) 4 She didn't know___ back soon. A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be ( ) 5 I don't know _____ he still lives here after so many years. A. whether B where C. what D.when ( ) 6 Do you know _____ they listened to yesterday evening? A. what B when C why D how ( ) 7 He asked me _____told me the accident. A whom B which C who D whose 3 ( ) 1.They don't know ______their parents are. A that B what C why D which ( ) 2.Please tell me ______what last year. A.where does your sister work B where did your sister work C where your sister works D where your sister worked ( ) 3.She asked me if I knew ______. A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it ( ) 4. You must remember ________. A. what your mother said B. what did your mother say C. your mother said what D. what has your mother said ( ) 5 Did you know ____? A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking for C. who he is looking for D. who he is looking after ( ) 6 Could you tell me ___? A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing C. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing
中考英语语法填空综合测试卷 一、初三中考语法填空（含答案详细解析） 1．阅读下面的短文，用括号内所给词的适当形式填空，必要时可加助动词或情态动词。 I never saw my father home from work late or ill, nor did I ever see my father take a "night out with the boys". He had no________ （hobby） but just took care of his family. For 22 years, since I left home for college, my father called me every Sunday at 9:00 am. He was always ________ （interest）in my life—how my family as doing. The calls even came when he and my mother were in Australia, ________ （English） or Florida. Nine years ago when I bought my ________ （one） house, my father, 67 years old, painted my house himself. He worked eight hours a day. He would not allow me ________ （pay）someone to have it done. All he asked was a glass of iced tea, and that I hold a paintbrush for him and talk to him. But I was too busy, for I had a law practice to run, and I could not take the time to hold the paintbrush, or talk to my father. Five years ago, my 71—year—old father ________ （spend）five hours putting together a swing set（秋千）for my daughter. Again, all he asked was that I get him a glass of iced tea, and talk to him. But again, I had laundry to do, and the house to clean. The morning on Sunday, January 16, 1996, my father telephoned me as ________ （usually）, this time he had seemed to have forgotten some things we had discussed the week before. I had to get to church, and I cut the conversation short. The call came at 4:40 am. That day my father ________ （send）to hospital in Florida, I got on a plane immediately, and I vowed（发誓）that when I arrived, I would make up for the lost time, and have a nice long talk with him and ________ （real）get to know him. I arrived in Florida at 1:00 am, but my father had passed away at 9:12 pm. This time it was he who did not have time to talk, or time to wait for me. In the years since his ________ （die） I have learnt much about my father, and even more about myself. As a father, he never asked me for anything but my time. Now he has all my attention, every single day. 【答案】hobbies；interested；England；first；to pay；spent；usual；was sent；really；death 【解析】【分析】这篇短文中作者给我们讲述了她的父亲，她父亲是一个很顾家的人，眼里只有他的家人。作者在短文中讲述了生活中的几件事情，从这些事情中我们可以看到，作者因为太忙，跟父亲没有太多的交流，当作者想要弥补时，父亲却离开了她。 （1）句意：他没有爱好，但只是照顾家人。hobby是可数名词，表示泛指用复数形式，故填 hobbies。 （2）句意：他总是对我的生活感兴趣。be interested in，固定搭配，对......感兴趣，故填interested。 （3）句意：这些电话甚至是在他和我妈妈在澳大利亚、英国或佛罗里达的时候打来的。根据in Australia可知此处是表示国家的名词，England，英国，故填 England。 （4）句意：九年前，当我买下我的第一栋房子时，我67岁的父亲亲自粉刷了我的房子。
名词及主谓一致专项练习题： 1-What __the number of the students in your school? -About two thousand . A number of them___from Englan. A. is, are B. is ,is C. are ,is D. are , are 2,-How far is your cousin`s home from here? -It`s about two ____drive. A. hour`s B. hours C. hours` D. hour 3, This is my twin sister Lucy . Both she and I _____good at drawing. A. am B. is C. are D.be 4,We have no ___in the fridge. Let`s go and buy some peas, carrots and cabbages. A. vegetables B. eggs C. meat D. fruit 5. As there were not enough chairs in the park, they have to sit on the ___. A. ground B. earth C. land D. field 6.-Excuse me, how far is it from the school to your home? -Not far. It`s only a ____. A. ten–minute walk B. ten-minute`s walk C. ten-minute-walk 7.Both Jim and Kate ___in Beijing now. They both ____from America. A. is; come B. are; come C. is; comes D. are; comes 8.There are a lot of _____in our school. They work very hard. A. woman teachers B. women teachers C. womans teachers 9. My friend Dave helped me a lot by giving me ______on English learning. A. advices B. many advices C. some advice 10. Mr Green with his wife ___ sitting there when I came in. A. is B. was C. are 11.-Where is the manager from? -I don`t know, but from his _____ I think he is from the south . A. voice B. sound C. pronunciation D. accent 12.The music made me think of the _______of a running stream. A. shout B. noise C. voice D. Sound 冠词专项练习题： 1.Tim has tried twice , and his father asks him to have _____third try. A. the B. a C. another 2. I think it`s ____ useful advice, so I will always remember it. A. a B. an C. the D. / 3.On __sunny afternoon , my parents and I had a good time on the beach. A. the B. an C. a D. / 4.He is _____University student and he comes from ____island in England . A. an; an B. an; a C. a; an D. a a 代词专项练习题 1．--Who will send you to the new school, your mom or your dad? --______I`ll go there alone. A. Both B. Either C. Neither D . None 2. –Do you have anything important to say for yourself? --_______except sorry. A. Something B. Nothing C. Anything D. Everything 3. –When shall we go to the museum , this afternoon or tomorrow morning? --_____is OK. I`m free these days. A. Both B. All C. Either D.Neither 4. My son wants a pet rabbit for long, but I have no time to buy ____for him. A. a B. that C. the one D. one 5.Your watch is quite nice .Where did you buy ____? In Shanghai. Do you want to have ___like this? A. it one B. it it C. one it D. one one 6.In my class some students love music, ______are fond of drawing and ____enjoy reading. A. some; the other B. others; the other C. others the others D. some; others