大学物理(一)》2014年秋学期在线作业（二）
试卷总分：100 测试时间：--
一、单选题（共 10 道试题，共 100 分。）
1.
题目和选项如下：
A.
B. B
C. C
D. D
标准答案：D
满分：10 分
2.
题目和选项如下：
A.
Part 1 Multiple Choice (每小题：1 分) Directions: Choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. 1.Actually, humor helps make products more ________ to consumers. A. available B. sensible C. feasible D. accessible 2.Just as the increase of fax machines, wireless phones and personal computers has caused a shortage of phone numbers, heavy use of the Internet is _____ the supply of numerical (数字的) Internet addresses. A. draining B. soaking C. absorbing D. drying https://www.doczj.com/doc/5e16726010.html,pared with what I saw 10 years ago, ads today are becoming increasingly _______. A. sophisticated
C. philosophical D. physical 4.According to the recent report, 10 years ago about one in seven people in this country spoke a language ________ English at home. A. rather than B. other than C. regardless of D. except for 5.Dolly's creators at Edinburgh's Roslin Institute boasted she ____ the promise of animals that could produce drugs and organs for humans. A. contained B. emphasized C. packed D. embodied 6.If, one day, it was possible to direct stem cells to become selected types of replacement tissue, it could be used to ________ a host of diseases which at present are incurable.
一、句子改错（共5道小题，共25.0分） 1. This is such a beautiful day that everyone around us feel like going out for a walk. A B C D A. A B. B C. C D. D 2. Neither John and his father was able to wake up early enough to catch the morning train. A B C D A. A B. B C. C D. D
3. He finds it easier to do the cooking himself than teaching his wife to cook. A B C D A. A B. B C. C D. D 4. Despite his old age, he is still very healthful and often works in the field. A B C D A. A B. B C. C D. D
5. The information which she was injured in the accident was given by Liz. A B C D A. A B. B C. C D. D 二、阅读理解（共1道小题，共50.0分）
1. Today, as in every other day of the year, more than 3,000 U.S. adolescents will smoke their first cigarette on their way to becoming regular smokers as adults. During their lifetime, it can be expected that of these 3,000 about 23 will be murdered, 30 will die in traffic accidents, and nearly 750 will be killed by a smoking-related disease. The number of deaths attributed to cigarette smoking outweighs all other factors, whether voluntary or involuntary, as a cause of death. Since the late 1970s, when daily smoking among high school seniors reached 30 percent, smoking rates among youth have declined. While the decline is impressive, several important issues must be raised. First, in the past several years, smoking rates among youth have declined very little. Second, in the late 1970s, smoking among male high school seniors exceeded that among female by nearly 10 percent. The statistic is reversing. Third, several recent studies have indicate high school dropouts have excessively high smoking rates, as much as 75 percent . Finally, though significant declines in adolescent smoking have occurred in the past decade, no definite reasons for the decline exist. Within this context, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) began its current effort to determine the most effective measures to reduce smoking levels among youth. 1. According to the author, the deaths among youth are mainly caused by _____. A. traffic accidents B. smoking-related diseases C. murder D. all of these 2. Every day there are over _____young people who will become regular smoker. A. 75 B. 23 C. 30 D. 3,000 3. By "dropout" (in paragraph 3) the author means______. A. students who failed the examination
2013级护理本科《护理管理学》试卷 一、单选题（每小题1分，共20分） 1．管理的二重性包括（） A．社会性和目的性B．普遍性和特殊性 C．社会属性和自然属性D．科学性和艺术性 2．在古典管理理论中，被称为“管理过程之父”的是（）A．马斯洛B．法约尔C．麦格雷戈D．卡斯特 3．计划职能中最为关键的职能是（） A．计划制定职能B．决策职能 C．预测职能D．修订职能 4．近代护理管理是从（） A．上古时期开始的B．中古时期开始的 C．近古时期开始的D．南丁格尔时期开始的5．护理管理中的风险预案管理属于危机管理过程的（）A．预防管理B．危机前期管理 C．危机期管理D。危机后期管理 6．目前我国卫生人员最集中，任务最繁重的卫生事业机构是（）A．卫生防疫机构B．妇幼保健机构 C．医疗预防机构D。医学研究机构 7．中期计划一般指3—5年时间内的组织计划，主要以（）A．问题为中心B．时间为中心 C．任务为中心D．发展为中心 8．按照计划的约束程度可分为（） A．短期计划及长期计划B．整体计划及局部计划 C．指令性计划及指导性计划D．长远计划及临时计划9．在下列决策方法中属于“软方法”的是（） A．数学化方法B．模型化方法 C．头脑风暴法D。计算机化方法 10．属于管理时间的是（） A．开会B．排班C。访问D。护理查房11．ABC时间管理中，最重要且必须优先完成的目标是（）
A．A类目标B．B类目标C。C类目标D。D类目标 12．护理服务态度方面的目标属于（） A．定量目标B．定性目标 C．中期目标D。长期目标 13．在进行静脉注射工时测定时应（） A．选择技术最熟练的护士 B．选择技术最差的护士进行测试，以便所有的护士都能按该时间完成C．选择血管难度较大的病人 D．测试包括做准备工作所耗费的时间 14．目前临床上最常用的排班方式为（） A．集权式排班B．分权式排班 C．统一排班D。自我排班 15．民主参与型领导方式的优点是（） A．效率高B．领导者信息畅通 C．行动快D。控制力强 16．“运筹帷握之中，决胜千里之外”所体现的是（） A．顺“道”的管理思想B．“人和”的管理思想 C．“对策”的管理思想D．“法治”的管理思 17．管理人员在差错发生之前进行的预防性控制是（） A．前馈控制B．同期控制 C．终末控制D。反馈控制 18．下列属于基础护理业务技术管理的是（） A．护理文件书写B．导尿 C．各种引流技术D．各种注射技术 19．执行长期、短期及临时医嘱是否及时、准确是临床护理工作的（）A．要素质量评价B．终末质量评价 C．护理人员素质评价D．环节质量评价 20．现代管理的相应原则中，能有效地实现动态调整的是（）A．弹性原则B．动力原则 C．能级原则D。反馈原则 二、多选题(每小题2分，共10分) 21．现代管理的基本要素包括（）
题号 一二三合计已做/题量 10 / 10 5 / 5 3 / 318 / 18得分/分值20 / 2020 / 2045 / 6085 / 100 在线作业 2014年12月份考试大学英语（1）第三次作业 一、填空题 （共10题、总分20分、得分20分） 1.He examined the letter as (care) 1 as he could. (本题分数：2 分，本题得分：2 分。) carefully 2.The pirate (海盗) chief commanded that the prisoners (俘虏) (shoot) 1 . (本题分数：2 分，本题得 分：2 分。) (should)be shot 3.They 1 (begin) a new course since yesterday. (本题分数：2 分，本题得分：2 分。) have begun 网络教室课程学习在线作业毕业设计网站首页
4.I am enclosing a stamped envelope 1 (address) to the graduate school of the university. (本题分 数：2 分，本题得分：2 分。) addressed 5.As it had not rained for several months, there was a severe (short) 1 of water. (本题分数：2 分，本题得 分：2 分。) shortage 6.If it hadn't rained last night, the ground (not be) 1 so wet now. (本题分数：2 分，本题得分：2 分。) would not be 7.When the police broke into the door, they found him (die) 1 on the floor. (本题分数：2 分，本题得 分：2 分。) dead
1.Our manager will look into the matter as soon as possible. Just have a little ____. A wait B time C patience D rest 正确答案:C 词汇与结构2013 2.There will be _______ soon. I’m afraid I can’t go. A rain B rainy C raining D rains 正确答案:A 词汇与结构2013 3.I am not used to speaking ______ public. A in B at C on D to 正确答案:A 交际英语2013 4.--I wonder if I could use your computer tonight.--_____________. I’m not using it right now. A Sure, so ahead. B I don’t’ know. r. C It doesn’t matte
D Who cares? 正确答案:A 词汇与结构2013 5.I don’t know the park, but it’s ______ to be quite beautiful. A said B told C spoken D talked 正确答案:A 词汇与结构2013 6.The teacher came into the classroom, ______ a thick book in her hand. A have B to have C having D had 正确答案:C 交际英语2013 --_______________. 7.--Hey, Tom, what’s up? A Yes, definitely! B Oh, not much. C What is happening in your life? D You are lucky. 正确答案:B 词汇与结构2013 8.It is ______ that an accidental meeting makes a lifelong friendship.
大学英语(3)课程作业_A 一单选题 1. When I said that some people are stupid I was not ___ you. reference refer referring referring to 本题分值： 4.0 用户得分： 0.0 用户解答： reference 标准答案：referring to 2. ___ your step，or you might fall into the water. See Watch Miss Look at 本题分值： 4.0 用户得分： 0.0 用户解答： See 标准答案：Watch 3. Professor Lee visits China almost ___. twice a year a twice year a year twice a year two times 本题分值： 4.0 用户得分： 4.0 用户解答： twice a year 标准答案： twice a year 4. The missing boys were last seen ___ near the river. playing to be playing play to play 本题分值： 4.0 用户得分： 4.0 用户解答： playing
5. China is ___ old country with ___ long history. the, a a, an an, a an, the 本题分值： 4.0 用户得分： 0.0 用户解答： the, a 标准答案：an, a 6. I learn ___ my cost that a broken leg can be very painful. at on to in 本题分值： 4.0 用户得分： 0.0 用户解答： at 标准答案：to 7. It was ___ that he had to ask for help. a so big work a so big job such a big work a such big job 本题分值： 4.0 用户得分： 0.0 用户解答： a so big work 标准答案：such a big work 8. There was ___ in the meeting room. no one another anyone the one 本题分值： 4.0 用户得分： 0.0 用户解答： no one
护理管理学 一、单选题： C 1、组织职能的主要内容包括C、结构设计、人员配备、规划与变动、授权 C 2、领导工作是一种行为活动，领导工作成功的关键在于C、精打细算、善于激励、善于用人 A 3、人员管理职能包含以下几个方面 A、选人、评人、育人、留人 A 4、控制就是以计划为标准，由管理者对被管理者的行为和活动实施管理的过程，其内容包含( ) A、协调、监督、分析反馈、调整 D 5、实施护理管理常用的方法D、行政方法、经济方法、教育方法、数量分析方法 B 6、管理的职能包括B、计划、组织、人事、领导、控制 D 7、管理对象是组织所拥有的资源，包括的内容有D、人、财、物、信息、空间、时间 A 8、体现科学管理的基本特征是A、制度化、程序化、数量化、人性化 B 9、护理管理者的任务是B、完善服务内容、建市评估体系、实施成本核算、探寻管理规律 C 10、行政管理学者明兹伯格(Mintzberg)把护士长的工作特性归纳为三大类型，即“三元”角色模式。他认 为护士长主要承担C、人际关系、咨询、决策 B 11、田力是某医院护理部主任，你认为下面哪一项与她的领导职能无关?B、与医疗器械商谈判以期达成一项护理用品购货协议 D 12、护理管理人员与一般护士的根本区别在于 D、需要协调他人的努力以实现科室目标 C 1、下列哪项属于法约尔管理过程理论的主要内容C、管理过程要遵循l4项管理原则 C 2、下列哪项反映现代管理的系统原理C、管理活动要把握全局、总体规 C 3、护理部根据护理专业的发展变化及时调整工作模式，遵循的管理原理是C、动态原理 A 4、下列哪项描述是管理的动态原理的内容A、管理过程要适应各种变化 D 5、韦伯(M．Weber)的行政组织理论的主要内容是D、组织活动必须按照理性原则进行 D 6、与现代管理人本原理相对应的原则是D、能级原则 A 7、首次强调管理中人的因素的理论是A、人际关系学说 C 8、根据法约尔的管理过程理论，处于企业经营核心地位的活动是C、管理活动 C 9、首次提出“在正式组织中存在着非正式组织”观点的是 C、梅奥的人际关系学说 A 10、机构的整体功效大于各组成部分功效的叠加反映了系统特性的A、整体性 C 11、医院机构要分成有上下等级关系的部门层级，反映了系统特性的C、层次性 A 12、泰勒科学管理理论重点研究的内容是A、生产中工人的劳动效率 B 13、法约尔的管理过程论着重研究 B、生产过程中的人际关系 C 14、韦伯的行政组织理论着重研究C、理想的行政组织理论 D 15、梅奥的人际关系学说着重研究D、生产过程中的工人的劳动士气 C 16、马斯洛的人类需要层次理论着重研究 C、人的需要、动机和行为 C 17、马斯洛的层次需要论强调激励的中心问题是C、满足人的需要 D 18、下列哪项属于双因素理论中的保健因素D、组织管理制度 D 19、下列哪项属于双因素理论中激励因素D、工作成绩得到认可 B 20、奖励护士的优质服务行为使其更加提高服务质量依据的理论是B、双因素理论 A 1、为了有效利用时间，管理者应做哪些事情A 类工作 C 2、在宗旨、任务的指导下，组织活动要达到的最终可测量的成果是C、目标 D 3、组织为达到目的而制定的一种限定活动范围的计划称为D、政策 B 4、用数字表示预期效果的一种数字化计划称为B、预算 D 5、根据具体情况是否采取某种特定行为所做出的规定是D、策略 C 6、计划的特征不包括( )C、组织性 A 7、管理者在做计划时需要回答的问题是A、5W1H C 8、管理职能中最基本的职能是C、计划 A 9、下列哪项不是目标的作用( )A、主体作用 C 10、目标管理的创始者是( )C、彼德·德路克 158
一、阅读理解（共1道小题，共25.0分） 1. A pretty, well―dressed young lady stopped a taxi in a big square, and a said to the driver, "Do you see that young man at the other side of the square?" "Yes," said the taxi driver. The young man was standing outside a restaurant and looking impatiently (不耐烦地) at his watch every few seconds. "Take me over there," said the young lady. There were a lot of cars and buses in the square, so the taxi driver asked, "Are you afraid to cross the street?" "Oh, no!" said the young lady. "But I promised that I would meet the young man for lunch at one o' clock, and it is now a quarter to two. If I arrive in a taxi, it will at least seem as if I had tried not to be late." 1.How did the young woman get to the square? A.She arrived in a taxi. B.She drove there in a car. C.She got there by bus. D.The story doesn't tell us. 2.Why did the lady stop the taxi? A.Because she didn't want to be late for her appointment (约会). B.Because she wanted to get out of the taxi. C.Because she wanted to go to the restaurant in it. D.Because she was afraid of walking across the street. 3.The young man at the other side of the square_______. A.had probably been waiting for a long time B.had some problem with his watch C.was probably a waiter of the restaurant D.was someone the young lady didn't want to see 4.The young lady was_______. A.clever at making excuse B.not late at all C.45 minutes earlier D.15 minutes late 5.Had she tried not to be late? A.Yes, she had tried her best. B.No, she was just pretending that she had tried. C.Yes, she had tried but she was still late.
开放英语2在线作业答案 1、Don't let _______ in. The doctor is operating on the patient now. A anyone B someone C nobody 2、Will she _______ do the work? A be able to B able to C is able to 3、She _______ jogging every morning. A goes B does C plays 4、_______ a glass of coffee.A I'd rather haveB I haveC I prefer to 5、Where's _______ newspaper? A today B today 's C todays' 6、I don't like coloured clothes. I like white_______. A ones B one C any 7、Have you got any books on Chinese painting? I want to borrow _______. A any B every C one 8、He likes _______ football very much. A playing B to play C play 9、Money isn't _______. A anything B something C everything 10、My parents work very hard in the farm. They _______ get up early in the morning. A occasionally B sometimes C always 11、June 1st is _______ Day.A Children'sB Childrens'C Children 12、I _______ don't understand. Could you say it again? A still B yet C as well 13、We always _______ the neighbours' cat while they're away. A take care B look after C look at 14、She _______ in America for many years. She hopes to go back toChina next year. A lives B lived C has lived 15、I am getting on very well _______ the new job. A with B on C in
大学英语三离线作业答 案 Document serial number【NL89WT-NY98YT-NC8CB-NNUUT-NUT108】
离线作业试卷列表2 一、单选? 1.第一部分：交际用语（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）- Would you be interested in seeing a film tonight- ____C______?分值：3 A. Not at all.??? B. Are you sure??? C. Great! I'd love to ??? D. You're welcome.???? 2.第一部分：交际用语（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）- Excuse me, could you tell me the way to P eople's Square- ____B______?分值：3 A. I don't understand you.??? B. Sorry, I'm a stranger here.??? C. Why don't you take a taxi??? D. Don't bother me.???? 3.第四部分：完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）30?C 分值：1 A. on mind??? B. in heart??? C. in mind??? D. on your mind???? 4.第四部分：完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）29 B?分值：1 A. with??? B. for??? C. to??? D. in???? 5.第四部分：完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）28 B?分值：1 A. impossible??? B. wonderful??? C. incapable??? D. practical???? 6.第一部分：交际用语（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）- I've got the first prize in the dancing ____C______?分值：3 A. You're welcome.??? B. It's very kind of you.??? C. Please accept my congratulations.??? D. Oh, really, I can't believe my ears.???? 7.第一部分：交际用语（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）- I've passed the ___D_______?分值：3 A. What a pity!??? B. I have the examination.??? C. Come on.??? D. Congratulations.???? 8.第一部分：交际用语（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）- I'm suffering from a ________A__?分值：3
中国医科大学 《护理管理学》在线作业及答案 试卷总分：100 测试时间：-- 一、单选题（共 50 道试题，共 100 分。） V 1. 下列不属于计划表现形式的是： A. 护理人员培训的相关政策 B. 护理部制定的工作目标 C. 护理部编制的人员培训经费预算 D. 护理部整理的学科发展新信息 E. 护理部制定的工作制度 满分：2 分 2. 目前护士的角色已发展为运用护理程序解决患者实际问题和保持人的健康中应除外： A. 执行者 B. 保护者 C. 参与者 D. 教育者 E. 协调者 满分：2 分 3. 为病人提供安全、舒适的环境应除外： A. 确保基础设施安全
B. 完善护理文件书写 C. 避免就医环境污染 D. 严格落实消毒隔离制度 E. 加强病区治安管理 满分：2 分 4. 关于目标管理，下列陈述不正确的是：()。 A. 强调管理者与被管理者共同参与 B. 强调自我管理 C. 强调自我评价 D. 强调目标计划强制性 E. 强调目标特定性 满分：2 分 5. 护理部发现问题及时纠正，遵循的管理原则是： A. 整分合原则 B. 能级原则 C. 激励原则 D. 随机制宜原则 E. 反馈原则 满分：2 分 6. 护士长的“胜任者”角色模式的内容是：()。 A. 护士长的角色是胜任者 B. 护士长角色英文单词首字母组成胜任的意思 C. 护士长能够胜任各种角色
D. 护士长必须胜任本职角色 E. 护士长需要胜任多种角色 满分：2 分 7. 最简单的组织机构类型是：()。 A. 职能型组织 B. 直线型组织 C. 直线职能参谋型组织 D. 矩阵型组织 E. 委员会组织 满分：2 分 8. 护理质量管理的特点主要体现在： A. ．广泛性和综合型 B. 程序性和连续性 C. 协同性 D. 独立性 E. 以上都是 满分：2 分 9. 情境领导理论认为，影响领导风格的因素是：()。 A. 任务结构 B. 上下级关系 C. 下属的成熟度 D. 领导者职权 E. 团体规范明确性
?I’ll?ask?Mr.?Smith?to?ring?you?up?(??????)?he?comes?back?to?the?office. A. when B.ｗhere 答案:A 您的答案：A 题目分数： 此题得分： ? 2．第2题 You never told us why you were one hour late for the last meeting,（?? ）? ’t you ’t you you you 答案:D 您的答案：D 题目分数： 此题得分： ?
Students sometimes support themselves by（）of evening jobs. A.. ways 答案:C 您的答案：C 题目分数： 此题得分： ? 4．第4题 alice received an invitation ｆrom her boss,（）came as a surprise. 答案:C 您的答案：C 题目分数： 此题得分： ?
The computer center,（）last year, is very popular among the students in this school. opened 答案:D 您的答案：D 题目分数： 此题得分： ? 6．第6题 the americans ａnd the british not only speak the same language but also （）a large number of social customs. 答案:A 您的答案：A 题目分数： 此题得分： ?
《大学英语（三）》在线作业题库 一、单选题（共 50 道试题，共 100 分。） 1. – Ami, I want this report typed today. – ( ). A. It'll be ready in the afternoon, sir B. I'd like you to help me C. I know nothing about the report D. Leave it to tomorrow 正确答案：A 2. He( )himself quickly to the new condition of his work. A. changed B. altered C. adjusted D. varied 正确答案：C 3. We( )the bathroom and plan( )the bedroom this year. A. painted…to paint B. is painting… painting C. paint… to paint D. have painted…to paint 正确答案：D 4. I don't think this kind of medicine has any( ). A. answer B. cause C. effect D. work 正确答案：C 5. We consider( )the instrument be adjusted each time it is used. A. that it necessary B. it necessary that C. necessary that D. necessary of it that 正确答案：B 6. – I wonder if you could help me. – ( ). A. I could B. Yes, I do C. No, not at all D. Of course 正确答案：D 7. Parliament didn't think the Prime Minister did enough in the improvement of fair employment, ( )he was asked to write to Parliament for further explanation. A. so B. therefore
护理管理学作业 一、填空题： 1.现代管理的基本原理包括系统原理、__________、动态原理和__________。 2.双因素理论认为__________是防止员工产生不满情绪的因素，_________是使员工得到工作满意的因素。 3.控制过程的三个关键步骤包括__________、__________和____________________。 4.在领导者影响力中起决定作用的是__________影响力。 5.创新内容包括技术创新、管理创新、__________、__________、_________。 6.自管理科学成为独立的学科以来，大体经历了三个发展阶段：_________、__________、____________________、____________________。 7.强化是指能使_____________________的一切刺激。 8.控制的主要功能是_____________________和____________________。 9.与人本原理相对应的原则是___________和____________。 10.霍桑实验共分四个阶段：__________、__________、__________和__________。 11._ __________是管理职能中最基本的职能。 12.组织变革的阻力来源于个人阻力、__________和___________________。 13.按照性质和职能，我国的卫生组织大致可分为三类：________________、____________________和____________________。 14.临床护理模式包括____________、____________、______________和临床途径。 15.双因素理论中的两个因素指的是____________和___________。 16.护理质量缺陷分为____________、___________和医疗事故三种。 17.组织文化的作用有导向作用、___________、__________、__________、___________。 18.激励的合理性原则包括了__________和___________两个方面。 19.收集信息的基本方法有____________和____________。
2014年9月份考试大学英语（3）第一次作业 一、单项选择题（本大题共70分，共 35 小题，每小题 2 分） 1. It is ( ) of Beijing to have such hot weather in July. A. tropical B. typical C. trial D. tradition 2. He is ( ) a child. He should be allowed to make his own decision A. forever B. no longer C. absolutely D. exactly 3. The explorer told the boys about his ( ) in the Arctic. A. adventures B. investigation C. application D. improvement 4. It was not a formal occasion, so we were asked to wear （） clothes. A. A regular B. B informal C. C simple D. D cheap 5. I''''ll never know all that was in his mind, （）. A. A nor will anyone else either B. B nor won''''t anyone else too C. C nor anyone else will D. D nor will anyone else 6. The ( ) of establishing a new amusement park seemed to be very attractive. A. outline B. project C. progress D. method 7. A minute later John and I ran （） them and soon caught up （） them. A. A after...with B. B with...for C. C to...by D. D for...to 8. He kept working, ( ) he was very tired. A. so B. how C. nevertheless
阶段作业一 一、单项选择题（共10道小题，共100.0分） 1. All the signs _________ an early resumption of the battle. 2. 1.point at 2.point 3.point out 4.point to 3. In a time of social reform, people's state of mind tends to keep ________ with the rapid changes of society. 4. 1.step 2.progress 3.pace 4.touch 5. After he had been asked the same question many times, his answer became _________ . 6. 1.machine
2.mechanics 3.mechanic 4.mechanical 7. He seems to be _________ enough to climb to the mountain top in an hour. 8. 1.radiant 2.conscientious 3.conspicuous 4.energetic 9. The University ________him an honorary degree. 10. 1.drained 2.awarded 3.approached 4.glimpsed 11.
Copper ________ electricity. 12. 1.cracks 2.equips 3.strikes 4.conducts 13. I'm firm in my________ that he is a good teacher. 14. 1.behaviour 2.believe 3.beloved 4.belief 15. The sting ________ him in his dislike of bee. 16. 1.confirmed 2.firmed 3.formed 4.confused