词语辨析
lesson 1 Rock Superstars
adulation, admiration
adulation: excessive admiration or praise, flattery 奉承
He received adulations from many people. 他受到许多人的奉承。
admiration: feeling of respect, warm approval 钦佩，佩服
She was filled with admiration for his courage. 她对他的勇气
充满敬意。
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argue, debate
argue: give reasons for or against sth. esp. with the aim of
persuading sb. 争论
The lawyers argued the case for hours. 律师们对这个案子
辩论了几个小时。
debate: formally argue, esp. defend one’s position and attack his opponent’s point of view 辩论
The House of Representatives debated the proposal for
three days. 众议院就这个提案辩论了三天。
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arrogant, proud
arrogant: showing too much pride in oneself and too little
consideration for others 傲慢
It’s arrogant of you to assume you’ll win every time. 你
自以为每次都能赢，未免太自大了。
proud: feeling or showing just or reasonable pride 骄傲
We are proud of our country. 我们为祖国感到骄傲。
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conceive, imagine
conceive: form an idea, plan, etc. in the mind, often used in
the phrase “conceive of sth.”想到
The ancients conceived (of) the world as flat. 古人认为地球
是扁的。
imagine: form a mental ..\image of sth. 想象
Can you imagine what it would be like to live without
electricity? 你能想象出生活中没有电会是一幅什么样的情景吗？
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confuse, bewilder
confuse: make sb. unable to think or act clearly 使……糊涂
They confused me by asking so many questions. 他们提了一
大堆问题，把我都弄糊涂了。
bewilder: confuse, esp. by the presence of many different or complicated things at the same time 因太复杂而
使……不知所措，糊涂
I was totally bewildered by the clues to this crossword
puzzle. 这个纵横字谜的提示完全把我弄糊涂了。
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ideal, idealistic
ideal: satisfying one’s idea of what is perfect, most suitable, unrealistic 理想的，不切实际的
It is the ideal weather for a holiday. 这是度假的理想天气。
These are ideal plans for reform. 这些都是不切实际的改革计划。idealistic: of idealism or of person who has high ideals 理想
主义的，理想主义者的
He is too idealistic as a politician. 作为政治家，他太理
想主义了。
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mix, blend
mix: put together tow or more things to make sth. else 混合
You mix flour and water to make paste. 你把陎粉与水和在一起，调制成陎糊。
blend: mix thoroughly 融合
Blend blue and yellow, and you’ll get green. 把蓝色和黄色
混合，就可以得到绿色。
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ramble, rumble
ramble: walk for pleasure with no special destination 漫步，散步
I like rambling in the country. 我喜欢在乡间漫步。
rumble: make a deep heavy continuous sound 发出隆隆声
I heard thunder rumbling in the distance. 我听见远方雷声隆隆。---------------------------------------------------------------------
Four Choices for Yong People
词语辨析(Word analysis)
sight, glance
sight: n. ability to see; action of seeing 视力；看见
Some drugs can affect your sight. 有些药物会影响视力。
Their first sight of land came after ten days at sea. 他们在
海上十天之后首次看到陆地。
glance: n. quick look 一瞥
She walked off without a glance in my direction. 她扬长而去，
都不朝我这儿看一眼。
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relevant, relative
relevant: connected with what is being discussed, what is
happening, what is being done 有关的，切题的
the facts relevant to the case 与案件有关的事实
I don’t think his remarks are relevant to our discussion. 我
认为他的话不切我们的议题。
relative: having a connection with sth; referring to sth.
与某事有关的，涉及某事的
the facts relative to the problem与问题有关的事实
Keep your comments relative to what is under discussion. 把你
的发言集中在正在讨论的问题上。
区别：relevant 可用作定语，如：a highly relevant suggestion 密切相关的建议, relative 作定语只用于语法术语，如：a relative
pronoun 关系代词
---------------------------------------------------------------------exasperate, exhiarate
exasperate: irritate or annoy (sb.) greatly 激怒，恼怒
That child exasperated me. 那孩子让我很生气。
She was exasperated at / by his stupidity. 她因为他愚笨而发怒。exhilarate: make sb. feel very happy or lively 使人愉快或活跃
We felt exhilarated by our walk along the beach. 我们沿着海滩
散步感到心旷神怡。
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noisome, noisy
noisome: offensive, disgusting 令人不快的，令人讨厌的
They are most noisome politicians of that century. 他们是
那个世纪最令人厌恶的政客。
noisy: full of noise 喧闹的，嘈杂的
I can’t work in here ---- it’s far too noisy. 我无法在这
里工作，太吵了。
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live, inhabit
live: vi. make one’s home 居住，住
live at home, in London, in a flat 住在家中，伦敦，公寓inhabit: vt. live in, occupy 居住于，占据
He inhabited a small two-room flat. 他住在一套两室的小公寓里。---------------------------------------------------------------------
clutter, jumble
clutter: fill or cover sth. in an untidy way 胡乱地塞满或覆盖
Don’t clutter（up）my desk ---- I’ve just tidied it. 不要在
我的书桌上乱放东西，我刚收拾好。
jumble: mix in a confused way 胡乱混在一起
Toys, books, shoes and clothes were jumbled (up) on the floor.
玩具，书，鞋，衣服都杂乱地堆在地上。
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appeal, attraction
appeal:
①earnest request 恳求，呼吁
②attractiveness, interest 吸引力，兴趣
The mayor launched an appeal the public to give blood to the victims of the disaster. 市长向公众呼吁为灾难的受害者献血。
This kind of music hasn’t much appeal for me. 这种音乐对我
没什么吸引力。
attraction: action or power of attracting 吸引，吸引力
The television has little attraction for me. 电视对我没什
么吸引力。
---------------------------------------------------------------------wholesome, healthy
wholesome: good for one’s health or well-being 有益于健康的plain but wholesome meals 清淡而有益于健康的饭菜
Milk is very wholesome. 牛奶对健康大有好处。
healthy: having good health 健康的
a healthy child, tree 健康的孩子，茁壮的树木
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The Use of Force
by William Carlos Williams
词语辨析(Word analysis)
terrifying, terrified, terrific
terrifying: filling with terror 令人恐怖的
That must have been a terrifying experience. 那一定是一段可怕的经历。
terrified: feeling terror, very afraid 感到害怕的
I’m terrified at the prospect of being alone in the house.
我要是自己一个人呆在一所房子里就很害怕。
terrific: very great, excellent 很大的，极好的
There is a terrific new restaurant in South Street. 南大街新
开了一家极好的饭店。
---------------------------------------------------------------------admonish, coax
admonish: give a mild but firm warning; advise seriously 温和而严正地警告；告诫
The teacher admonished the boys for being lazy. 老师责备
男生懒惰。
coax: persuade gently or gradually 哄劝
He coaxed her into letting him take her to the cinema. 他哄
得她同意带她去电影院。
---------------------------------------------------------------------contemptuous, contemptible
contemptuous: feeling or showing contempt 鄙视的，表示轻蔑的
He threw it away with a contemptuous gesture. 他带着不屑
一顾的样子把它扔了。
contemptible: deserving contempt 可鄙的，
That was a contemptible trick to play on a friend. 这是对
朋友玩弄的卑鄙的手段。
---------------------------------------------------------------------apprehension, distrust
apprehension: anxiety about the future, fear 忧虑，担心
I feel a certain apprehension about my interview tomorrow. 我
对明天的陎试感到有些担心。
distrust: lack of trust, suspicion 不信任，怀疑
Negotiation between union and management are made more difficult by mutual distrust. 工会和资方之间的谈判由于互不信
任而愈加困难。
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excuse, apology
excuse: reason given to explain one’s act 借口，辩解
He’s always making excuses for being late. 他迟到总是有借口。apology: statement of regret for doing sth. wrong 道歉，认错
I made my apologies and left early. 我道过歉后便提前离去。
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desist, resist
desist: stop, cease 停止，结束
I wish he’d desist from entertaining his friends at all
hours of the day and night. 但愿他别再昼夜不分地招待他的朋友。resist: use force in order to prevent sth happening, oppose 抵抗，对抗
He told us to get ready to resist the enemy attack. 他让
我们做好准备，抵抗敌人的进攻。
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spend, expend
spend: give or pay out money for goods, services, etc. 用钱，花钱
She spends too much on clothes. 她在衣着上花费太大。expend: spend or use up 用掉，耗费掉
They had already expended six thousand dollars in advertisement. 他们在广告上已经用掉了六千美元。
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Die as You Choose
词语辨析(Word analysis)
evade, dodge
evade: get or keep out of the way of 避开，躲避
The thief evaded the police by dodging into the an alley. 小偷
躲进巷子里以避开警察。
dodge: move quickly in order to avoid 闪开，躲开
He dodged to left and right as the gunman opened fire. 持枪歹徒开火时他东躲西闪。
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drown out, stop
drown out: be louder than another sound and prevent it being heard 淹没
She turned up the radio to drown out the noise of traffic.
她放大收音机的音量以压过来往车辆的噪声。
stop: prevent sb from doing sth 阻止，阻碍
You can’t stop our going if we want to. 如果我们要去，你是阻止不了的。
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intrude, invade
intrude: come in when not wanted 打搅，侵扰
I don’t wish to intrude, but could I talk to you for a moment? 我无意打搅你，不过我可以跟你谈一会儿吗？invade: enter with armed force in order to attack 侵犯，侵入
These countries have been ruthlessly invaded. 这些国家受到
无情地侵犯。
---------------------------------------------------------------------omission, exclusion
omission: action of omitting or leaving out sth 忽略，省略
The play was shortened by the omission of two scenes. 该剧
被删去两场而缩短了。
exclusion: action of excluding 排斥，排除在外
His exclusion from the club hurt him very much. 不让他加入
俱乐部使他很伤心。
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oath, promise
oath: solemn promise to do sth 誓言，宣誓
There is a standard form of oath used in lawcourts. 法庭中
使用的誓词有固定的格式。
promise: declaration that one will do sth 承诺，诺言
We received many promises of help. 许多人答应帮助我们。
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prevent, withhold
prevent: stop or hinder 阻止，妨碍
Your prompt action prevented a serious accident. 你动作敏捷
因而防止一次严重事故。
withhold: refuse to give, keep back 拒绝给，保留
The board has decided to withhold part of their grant money
from certain students.董事会决定不发给某些学生部分助学金。
---------------------------------------------------------------------debatable, arguable
debatable: not certain, open to question 不肯定的，可争议的
It is debatable whether or not the reforms have improved conditions.改革是否改善了现状，这个问题仍有争议。arguable: questionable，doubtful in some degree 有问题的，可疑的That their decision is the best one is arguable. 他们的决定
最佳有待商榷。
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credible, believable
credible: that can be believed 可信的，可靠的
The news report is hardly credible. 新闻报导简直难以置信。
He is a credible witness. 他是个可信的证人。
believable: that can be believed 可信的（不作定语）
His story is hardly believable. 他的话不大可信。
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A Good Chance
by Elizabeth Cook-Lynn
词语辨析(Word analysis)
separate, segregate
separate: set apart, divide 分离，分开
The child was separated from its mother. 小孩和母亲分散了。segregate: put apart from the rest of a group 隔离，隔开
The two groups of fans must be segregated in the stadium.
必须把体育场里这两部分球迷隔开。
---------------------------------------------------------------------embitter, agitate
embitter: fill sb with bitter feelings 使人苦恼
The failure of his plans embittered the old man. 计划没成功
使老人很难过。
agitate: cause anxiety to sb; disturb 使人焦虑，搅乱
She was agitated by his sudden appearance at the party. 他
在聚会上突然出现，使她心烦意乱。
---------------------------------------------------------------------noncommittal, tentative
noncommittal: not showing what one thinks, which side one supports 不表明的，不表态的
She was very noncommittal about my suggestion. 她对我的
建议不置可否。
tentative: done or said to test sth; not definite or decisive
试探性的，不确定的
Our vacation plans are still tentative. 我们的假期计划
还没定下来。
---------------------------------------------------------------------untrue, unrealistic
untrue: not true; contrary to fact 不真实的，违反事实的
The story was probably untrue. 这传说可能不确。unrealistic: not practical 不现实的
This demand is unrealistic and unworkable. 这个要求不切实
际，难以实现。
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intent, hesitant
intent: full of eager interest and concentration 专心的，渴望的
He gave me an intent look. 他专注地看了我一眼。
hesitant: showing uncertainty or slowness about deciding to act 犹豫不决的
I’m rather hesitant about signing this. 我不大愿意签这个字。
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scoff, scold
scoff: speak contemptuously; mock 嘲弄，嘲笑
I told them my ideas but they scoffed at them. 我把自己
的想法告诉他们，但是被他们嗤之以鼻。
scold: express anger, criticism; rebuke 责骂，斥责
If I walk in with my muddy boots, Dad always scold me. 我
的靴子上要是有泥，一进屋爸爸就骂我。
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Miss Brill
by Katherine Mansfield
词语辨析(Word analysis)
get used to, used to
get used to: become accustomed to 习惯于
After three weeks she had got used to the extreme heat. 三个
星期后她就适应酷热的环境了。
used to: expressing a frequent action in the past 表达过去经常性的行为You used to smoke a pipe, didn’t you? 你过去一向是抽烟斗的，对不对？
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pour, splash
pour: (cause to) flow in a continuous stream 不断流动，倒，灌
I knocked over the bucket and the water poured all over
the floor. 我打翻了水桶，水流了一地。
splash: cause to fly about in drops 溅起
The children love splashing water over each other. 儿童喜
欢互相泼水。
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wave, flap
wave: cause sth in one’s hand to move up and down or to
and fro 挥动，挥舞
He came out waving the document at the crowd. 他出来时向人群
挥舞着文件。
flap: cause sth to move, swing up and down or from side to
side 摆动，摇动
The bird flapped its wings and flew away. 那只鸟振翅飞去。
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drift, swoop
drift: move casually or aimlessly 漫无目的地移动，漂泊
The crowds drifted away from the stadium. 人群慢慢从体育
场散去。
swoop: come down suddenly with a rushing movement 突然下降，猛扑The owl swooped down on the mouse. 猫头鹰向老鼠猛扑下来。
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rescue, save
rescue: make sb free from danger by prompt or vigorous action 营救，救援
The police rescued the hostages. 警方救出了人质。
save: make sb safe 救，保全
It was too late to save the sick woman, and she died. 病妇
未获及时抢救而死亡。
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rub, stroke
rub: press against a surface with a to-and-fro sliding movement 擦，揉，搓
He rubbed his hands to warm them. 他搓着双手好暖和暖和。
If you keep rubbing, the paint will come off. 你在多擦擦颜
色就能掉了。
stroke: pass the hand gently over a surface 轻抚，抚摩
She gently stroked his arm. 她轻轻地抚摸他的胳膊。
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scrub, scrape
scrub: clean sth thoroughly by rubbing hard 彻底擦洗，刷洗
After dinner he scrubbed the table-top clean. 饭后他把桌陎
擦洗干净。
scrape: make sth clean, level or smooth by drawing a sharp tool 擦净，削平，磨光
He is scraping the path clear of snow. 他正在把路上的积雪铲掉。---------------------------------------------------------------------
make a point, make a plan
make a point: do sth as one think it important or necessary 认为做某事很重要
I always make a point of checking that all the windows are
shut before I go out. 我出门前总是要检查所有窗户，看是否
都关好了。
make a plan: 做计划
I have made a plan for overcoming the difficulties. 我已做出
克服困难的计划。
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A Lesson in Living
by Maya Angelou
词语辨析(Word analysis)
remember, memoriz e
remember: have or keep in memory; recall to one’s memory 记得；
回想起
Do you remember where you put the key? 你记得你把钥匙放在什么地方了？
I remember her as a slim young girl. 我想起她那时还是个苗
条的少女。
memorize: put into one’s memory; learn well enough to remember it exactly 记住，记忆
She can memorize facts very quickly. 她能很快记住许多资料。
An actor must be able to memorize his lines. 演员必须能够
记住台词。
---------------------------------------------------------------------intolerable, intolerant
intolerable: too bad to be borne or endured 无法忍受的，难以忍受的
This is intolerable: I’ve been kept waiting for three
hours！太不象话了，我们一直等了三个小时！
intolerant: not tolerant 不容忍
His order is intolerant of opposition. 他的命令不容违抗。
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infuse, fill
infuse: put a quality into sb; fill sb with a quality 灌注，注入
The reform has infused new life into the workers (the
workers with new life). 改革使工人获得新的活力。
fill: make sth full 装满，填满
Smoke filled the room. (The room was filled with smoke.)
房间里烟雾弥漫。
---------------------------------------------------------------------common, ordinary
common: shared by or belonging to two or more people 共同的，共有的
He and I have a common interest: we both collect stamps. 我
和他有共同的爱好，我们都集邮。
ordinary: normal, usual 平常的，普通的
We were dressed up for the party but she was still in her ordinary clothes. 我们都盛装赴会，而她却依然日常装束。
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familiar, intimate
familiar: having a good knowledge of sth 熟悉，通晓
I am not very familiar with botanical names. 我不大熟悉植
物学方陎的名称。
intimate: having a very close and friendly relationship 亲密的，密切的
We had been intimate for some time. 我们曾是极要好的朋友。---------------------------------------------------------------------happen, occur
happen: take place 发生
How did the accident happen? 故事是怎么发生的？
occur: happen; come into one’s mind 发生，想到
When did the accident happen? 事故是什么时候发生的？
An idea has occurred to me? 我有主意了。
---------------------------------------------------------------------respectable, respectful
respectable: of good character and social position 体陎的，有身份的
He is altogether too respectable for my taste. 他过于讲究
体陎我不欣赏。
respectful: feeling or showing respect 恭敬的，表示尊敬的
The boys were well mannered and respectful toward grown-ups. 男孩们彬彬有理，尊敬大人。
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divide, separate
divide: break into parts 分，分开
This class is too large; we shall have to divide it. 这个班
太大了，我们把它分一分。
separate: divide; stop living together as a married couple 分开，分居
The children were separated into groups for the game. 那些儿童分成小组做游戏。
After ten years of marriage they decided to separate. 他们婚
后十年决定分居。
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The Trouble with Television
A Prominent anchorman warns of
TV's adverse effect on america's culture
by Rober MacNeil
词语辨析(Word analysis)
allot, divide
allot: divide and give as a share 分配，摊派
We must allot money carefully. 我们必须小心分钱。
divide: separate into parts 分开
He divided his novel into ten chapters. 他把小说分为十章。
---------------------------------------------------------------------mysterious, miraculous
mysterious: full of mystery; hard to understand 神秘的，不可思议的No one could tell us anything about the mysterious stranger.
没人能告诉我们有关那个神秘的陌生人的情况。miraculous: like a miracle; remarkable 奇迹般的，神奇的
The wounded man made a miraculous recovery. 受伤的人奇迹般地恢复了。
---------------------------------------------------------------------obtainable, absorbable
obtainable: that can be obtained 能得到的
Not a copy was obtainable from any bookseller. 从书商那儿
一本也买不到。
absorbable: that can be taken in 可被吸收的
Some of noise is absorbable in the room. 房间里有些噪音可
被吸收。
---------------------------------------------------------------------preeminent, prominent
preeminent: superior to all others; outstanding 超群的，杰出的
He is preeminent in the field of surgery. 他在外科领域
出类拔萃。
prominent: easily seen, conspicuous 显著的，引人注目的
The house is in a prominent position on the village green.
那房子坐落在村中草地最显眼的地方。
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enhance, increase
enhance: increase the good quality; make sth look better 增强，提高
Those clothes do nothing to enhance her appearance. 她穿那
些衣服并没显得更漂亮。
increase: become greater in number, quantity 增加，增大
The rate of inflation has increased by 2%. 通货膨胀率已
增长2％。
---------------------------------------------------------------------dismissible, disposable
dismissible: ignored 不予理会
His suggestion was dismissible at the meeting. 会上他的
建议不予考虑。
disposable: made to thrown away after use 一次性的
Bed pans and bottles are made of paper to be disposable.
便盆和瓶子都是纸制的，用后即便扔掉。
---------------------------------------------------------------------accompany, company
accompany: v. walk or travel with sb as a companion 伴随，陪伴
He was accompanied on the expedition by his wife. 他那次
远行有妻子陪同。
company: n. being together with others 陪伴，与他人在一起
I’ll stay here and keep you company. 我留下来陪你。
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reverse, adverse
reverse: adj. opposite to what is expected 相反的
n. thing that is opposite to what is expected; change
for the worse 相反的事物; 逆转，挫折
Statistics showed a reverse trend to that recorded in
other countries. 统计数字表明这种趋向与其他国家所示情况相反。
We suffered some serious financial reverse. 我们在财务上受
到严重挫折。
adverse: adj. not favorable, contrary 不利的，相反的
Don’t be discouraged by adverse criticism. 不要因不利的批
评而气馁。
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The Tenth Man
by Graham Greene
词语辨析(Word analysis)
distribution, allotment
distribution: giving or being given to each of several people 分
发，分配
They could not agree about the distribution of the prizes.
他们不能同意奖品这么分发。
allotment: action of allotting 分配，摊派
They could not agree about the allotment of the profits. 他
们不同意这种利润分配。
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even, equal
even: level, smooth, flat 平的，平滑的
A billiard-table must be perfectly even. 台球桌必须十分平。equal: the same in size, number, degree, etc. 相同的，相等的
Women are demanding equal pay for equal work. 妇女要求同工同酬。---------------------------------------------------------------------
readable, legible
readable: that can be read easily or enjoyably 易读的，可读的
This is a very readable novel. 这是一本可读性很强的小说。legible: clear enough to be read easily 清楚易读的
The inscription was still legible. 铭文仍清晰可见。
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shameful, shameless
shameful: causing shame, disgraceful 可耻的，丢脸的
To steal money from a blind person is a shameful act. 偷盲
人的钱是一种可耻的行为。
shameless: having no feeling of shame 无羞耻感的，无耻的
She’s quite shameless about wearing sexy clothes at work.
她穿着性感的衣服上班而不觉羞耻。
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quick, abrupt
quick: moving fast or doing sth in a short time 快的，迅速的
He is a quick worker. 他是个工作很快的人。
Taxis are quicker than buses. 出租车比公共汽车快。abrupt: sudden or unexpected 突然的，意外的
He made an abrupt turn to avoid another car. 他来个急转弯以免撞上另一辆车
---------------------------------------------------------------------。grievance, grief
grievance: complaint or protest 牢骚，不满
He’d been harboring a grievance against his boss. 他一直
对老板心怀不满。
grief: deep or violent sorrow 忧伤，悲伤
She was driven almost insane by grief at his death. 她因他
死去而悲伤得几乎发疯。
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daunt, discourage
daunt: discourage; frighten 使气馁，威吓
I was rather daunted by the thought of addressing such an audience. 我一想到要对这样的听众讲话就有些胆怯。discourage: take away one’s confidence 使人丧生信心
Don’t discourage her; she’s doing her best. 别泄她气，她在尽力做。
---------------------------------------------------------------------confirm, affirm
confirm: make certain; give proof 确认，证实
The rumors of an attack were later confirmed. 发动进攻的谣传后来得到证实。
affirm: state sth as the truth 肯定某事属实
He affirmed his innocence. 他坚称自己无罪。
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On Getting Off to Sleep
by J.B. Priestley
词语辨析(Word analysis)
contrariness, contradiction
contrariness: 形容词contrary的名词形式，用作不可数名词。contradiction: direct opposition between things compared
(不可数名词)矛盾，对立
a statement, action, or fact that contradicts (可数名词)对立的事物
There is no contradiction between my behavior and my
principles. 我的行为和我的原则不矛盾。
That's a flat contradiction of what you said before. 这可和
你以前说得恰恰相反。
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dark, dim
dark: with no or very little light 黑暗的
It’s getting too dark to take photographs. 天色太暗，不能照相。dim: not bright, not clearly to be seen 不亮的，朦胧的
We can only see the dim outline of buildings on dark night.
在黑夜里我们只能看到建筑物朦胧的轮廓。
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abuse, torment
abuse: tread badly, ill-treat 虐待
The woman was abused by her husband. 那个女人受到丈夫的虐待。torment: cause severe suffering to; annoy 使受折磨，
Stop tormenting your father by asking silly questions. 别在
问一些愚蠢的问题折磨你父亲了。
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induce, tempt
induce: persuade or influence; bring about 劝诱，导致
We couldn’t induce the old lady to travel by air. 我们无
法劝服老太太乘飞机旅行。
Your illness was induced by overwork. 你的病是工作过度引起的。
tempt: persuade sb to do sth wrong or foolish
He was tempted into making a false step. 他被引诱做了一件傻事。---------------------------------------------------------------------
wonder, meditate
wonder: feel curiously; ask oneself 想知道，自忖
I was wondering how to get there quickly. 我想知道怎么才能很
快到达那里。
meditate: think about; consider 想，考虑
He sat there meditating upon his misfortunes. 他坐在那儿沉思
自己的不幸遭遇。
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literal, exact
literal: correspondingly exact to the original 完全按照原文的
A literal translation is not always the closest to the
original meaning. 直译并不总是最贴近原义。
exact: correct in every detail 精确的，正确的
Give me his exact words. 把他的话一字不差的告诉我。
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imaginary, imaginative
imaginary: existing only in the mind, unreal 想象中的，不真实的
This story id not real; it is only imaginary. 这个故事不是真
的，只是想象的。
imaginative: having or using imagination 想象的，有想象力的
The artist’s imaginative use of color delighted the critics.
评论家很喜欢艺术家富有想象力的运用色彩。
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twist, crook
twist: turn and curve in different directions 盘旋，曲折
The road twists and turns up the side of the mountain. 这条
路沿着山坡弯来弯去。
“弯曲的道路”可说a twisty road
crook: bend into the shape of a curve 使弯曲
The stream crooks though the valley. 小溪弯弯曲曲流过山谷。“弯曲的”可说crooked，如：a crooked lane 弯曲的小巷
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超全高中英语常用同义词辨析库：O 英语常用同义词辨析English Synonyms O oath, pledge, vow oath, pledge, vow 这些名词均含“誓言”之意。这些名词均含“誓言”之意。 oath : 指对上帝或神发出的庄严、正式的誓言以示自己话语的真实性。 oath : 指对上帝或神发出的庄严、正式的誓言以示自己话语的真实性。现多用于法庭上。现多用于法 庭上。 pledge : 普通用词，指保证去做或不做某事的郑重许诺。 pledge : 普通用词，指保证去做或不做某事的郑重许诺。 vow : 指庄严的许诺或誓约。 vow : 指庄严的许诺或誓约。 obey, comply, submit obey, comply, submit 这些动词均含“服从、听从”之意。这些动词均含“服从、听从”之意。 obey : 一般用词，指服从或接受某种权威，或遵循某种原则而行事。 obey : 一般用词，指服从或接受某种权威，或遵循某种原则而行事。 comply : 指同意依从他人的愿望或请求，或遵守某种规则或顺应某种环境条件。 comply : 指同意依从他人的愿望或请求，或遵守某种规则或顺应某种环境条件。 submit : 指顺从或屈服于自己不能进一步抵制或抵抗的人或事物。 submit : 指顺从或屈服于自己不能进一步抵制或抵抗的人或事物。 object, oppose, resist, protest object, oppose, resist, protest 这些动词均含“反对”之意。这些动词均含“反对”之意。 object : 多指因厌恶或反感而反对，但不一定明显地表露出来。 object : 多指因厌恶或反感而反对，但不一定明显地表露出来。 oppose : 普通用词，含义广，语气强于object。 oppose : 普通用词，含义广，语气强于object。多指反对一些较重大的事，隐含其正当性。多指反对一些较重大的事，隐含 其正当性。 resist : 指用力量或意志抵抗、制止对方的入侵或诱惑、影响等。 resist : 指用力量或意志抵抗、制止对方的入侵或诱惑、影响等。
自考英语（二）常考英语词汇汇总 1.in the way 挡路，阻碍，妨碍 2. to make a guess at 对...进行猜测 3. to blind sb.to sth. 使某人看不到某物,使某人对某物丧失判断力 4. to contribute to sth.（1）促成，导致（2）有助于，增添（3）捐助，贡献（4）撰稿，投稿 5. to seek to do sth.设法做某事 6.in part 部分地；在某种程度上 7. vary from...to... 从...变为...；在...与...之间变化 8. and the like 等等，诸如此类 9. point of view 观点，看法 10. to apply for 申请，请求 11. day-to-day （1）日常的，每日常规工作的（2）逐日的 12. to have no idea 不知道；无能力 13. to take the trouble to do sth. 费力做某事，不辞劳苦做某事 14. to put oneself in sb 'p s lace 设身处地替某人着想 15. to one's advantage 处于不利地位 16. to ask for 要求，请求，要价，讨价 17.in hand （1）在手中（持有）；在手头（随时可用）（2）在控制下（3）正在办理、处理之中 18. to make sure（of/that）（1）弄清楚，核实查明（2）设法确保，最好 19. to turn down （1）to turn sb./down 顶回，拒不理会，拒绝（2）to turn sth.down 调节（炉具、收音机等） 使热量、音量温度等降低（3）翻下 20. as soon as一...就...，不迟于 21. aim to do sth.或aim at doing sth 计划；打算；以...为目标 22. experiment with 进行实验（试验） 23.in case 免得，以防万一，说不定 24.in theory 理论上，理论上讲 25. to apply to sth. （1）把...应用于...（2）致力于...，集中精力（做某事） 26. research into 研究、探讨、调查 27. to swallow up （1）吞没，淹没，掩盖（2）用尽，耗尽 28. to make use of 利用 29. depend on 依靠，指望 30. together with 和，连同 31.in every respect 在各个方面 32.in other words 换句话说，也就是说 33. to consist of 由...组成，由...构成 34. a great many 许多，很多 35. to consist of 对...有影响 36. above all 最重要的，尤其，首先 37. as a rule 在多数情况下，通常，一般而言 38. to be affected with 感染（疾病），患有...病 39. to carry out （1）实施，执行，完成，贯彻，落实（2）进行（实验等） 40.in addition to 加之，除...以外
初中英语中考必考重点词语辨析汇总 1. after, in 这两个介词都可以表示“……(时间)以后”的意思。 after 以过去为起点，表示过去一段时间之后，常用于过去时态的句子中。 如： She went after three days. 她是三天以后走的。 in 以现在为起点，表将来一段时间以后，常用于将来时态的句子中。 如： She will go in three days. 她三天以后要走。 2. how long, how often, how soon how long指多长时间，主要用来对一段时间(如three days, four weeks 等)提问。 如： How long ago was it? 这是多久前的事了? how often指每隔多久，主要用来对频率副词或状语(如
once a week等)提问。 如： —How often does he come here? —Once a month. 他(每隔)多久来一次?每月一次? how soon指再过多久，主要用来对表示将来的一段时间(in an hour, in two weeks 等)提问。 如： How soon can you come? 你多快能赶来? 3. few, a few, little, a little, several, some few 和little的意思是否定的，表示“很少”或“几乎没有”； 而a few和a little的意思是肯定的，表示“有一些，有一点儿”。 few 和a few修饰可数名词;little 和a little 修饰不可数名词。 several用于修饰可数名词，语意比a few和some更肯定，含有“好几个”的意思。 some可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词，从数量上说，它有时相当于a few 或a little,有时指更多一些的数量。 4. the other, another the other 指两个人或事物中的“另一个”，表示特指。
疑问词+ever与no matter+疑问词的异同 在英语名词性从句的学习过程中，我们经常会遇到疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句，老师也告诫我们说他们的含义和no matter+疑问词所表示的含义是一样的，都表示“无论……”，但是两者究竟有什么区别呢？是不是在所有的情况下两者都可以通用呢？今天我们就一起来研究下吧。 疑问词+ever包括疑问代词+ever和疑问副词+ever。 ①疑问代词：whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever ②疑问副词：whenever, wherever, however （1）疑问词+ever与no matter+疑问词引导从句时的区别 1、疑问词+ever引导名词性从句，不可以与no matter+疑问词互换使用。 例： Whoever comes to the party will receive a gift. 来参加晚会的人都会收到一份礼物。 分析： Whoever意为“无论是谁”，引导名词性从句时，不可以与no matterwho互换。 2、引导让步状语从句，可以与no matter+疑问词互换使用。 例： The quality will be the same, whichever（=no matter which）of them you choose. 它们当中无论你选哪一个，品质都一样。 分析： Whichever意为“无论哪一个”，引导让步状语从句时，可以与no matter which互换。 归纳： 简单说来：疑问句+ever可以引导名词性从句，也可以引导让步状语从句，但是No matter+疑问词只可以引导让步状语从句，也就说说前者适用的范围比后者大。所以选项中两者都有的情况下，我们尽量选择使用范围较广的疑问词+ever，答对的可能性较大。 （2）疑问词+ever引导名词性从句时注意事项 Whatever我们知道相当于No matter what，但是在引导名词性从句时相当于anything that,我们来分析以下的例句。例： Whatever he did was right. =Anything (that he did ) was right.（正确） Anything he did was right. (错误) 他无论做什么都是争取的。 分析： Whatever意为“无论是什么”，相当于anything that，anything是题干中的主语，同时充当先行词，后面that
1 why should a student of English study English lexicology ? First ,it will help his personal vocabulary and consciously increase their word power . second ,it will give him a deeper understanding of word-meaning and enable him to organize ,classif y and store words more effectively .third, it will gradually raise his awareness of meaning and usages of words ,and enable him to use words more accurat ely and appropriat ely. f ourth, it will improve his skills of using reference books and raise his problem-solving ability and eff iciency of individual study .and at last ,it will improve his receptive and productive skills in language processing as will as language production. 2 How does a students of English study English lexicology? We have two approaches to the study of English words, namely synchronic and diachroni c. From a synchronic point of view, words can be studied at a point in time, regardless of changes whatsoever. From a diachronic point of view, we can consider words historically, looking into their origins and changes in f orm and meaning. These two ways are complementary. As f or the course of English lexicology, there are quite some def initions, principles and explanations that govern the law of English words. We need to be clear about them. Everything has its own special aspects. We should grasp them so that we can closely f ollow its law. So it is also the case with English lexicology 3 Illustrate the relationship between sound and meaning with examples. A word is a symbol that stands f or something else in the word. Each of the world’s cultures has come to agree that certain sounds will represent certain persons, things, places, properties, processes and activities arbirtrary, and there is“no logical relationship between the sound which stands f or a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself”.a dog is called a dog not because the sound and the three letters that make up the word just automatically suggest the animal in question. It is only symbolic. The relationship between them is conventional because people of the same speech community have agreed to refers to the animal with this cluster of sound. In dif ferent language the same concept can be represented by diff erent sound. Woman, f or example, becomes “frau”in German, “f emme”in French and “f u nu”in Chinese. On the other hand, the same sound /mi:t/ may be used to mean meet, meat, mete, denoting entirely different thing. Differences of Sound and Form：语音和类型的区别the internal reason f or this is that the English alphabet was adopted from the Romans；the pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling over the years, and in some cases the two have drawn far apart；some of the differences were created by the early scribes；f inally comes the borrowing, which is an important channel of enriching the English vocabulary。 4 Enumerate the major modes of modern vocabulary development. (列举现代英语词汇发展的主要方式) generally speaking, there are three modes of modem English vocabulary development. They are: creation, semantic change and borrowing. 1, creation refers to the f ormation of new words by usin g the existing materials, namely roots, aff ixes, and other elements. 2, semantic change means an old f orm which takes on a new meaning to meet the new word. This does not increase the number of word f orms but create many more new usages of the words, thus enriching the vocabulary. 3, borrowing has played a vital role in the development of vocabulary, particularly in earlier times. 5 What are the f undamental f eatures of the core of the English vocabulary? (英 语基本词汇有什么基本特征?) the f oundamental features of the basic word stock are f ollows:1, all national character 2, stability 3, productivity 4, polysemy 5, collocability 6 What is reference? (什么是所指关系?) reference is the relationship between language and the word. “by means of reference, a speaker indicat es which thing in the word (including persons) are being talked about. ”words have meaning only when they have acquired reference. In other words, only when a connection has been est ablished between the linguistic sign and a referent, i.e. an object , a phenomenon, a person, etc. does the sign become ,meaningf ul. The reference of a word to a thing outside the language is arbitrary and conventional. 7 What is the dif f erence between grammatical meaning and lexical meaning? (语法意义和词汇意义有何区 别？) unlike lexical meaning, different lexical items, which have different lexi cal meaning, may have the same grammatical meaning. On the other hand, the same word may have diff erent grammatical meaning. Functional words, though having little lexical meaning, possess strong grammatical meaning whereas content words have both meaning, and lexical meaning in particular. Lexical meaning and grammatical meaning make up the word-meaning. It is known that grammatical meaning surfaces only in use. But lexical meaning is constant in all the content words within or without context as it is related to the word conveys. 8 Associative meaning comprises f our types: connotative, stylistic, aff ective, and collocative.(联想意义包括四种类别：内 涵意义，文体意义，感情意义，搭配意 义) 9 What is the different between the processes of radiation and concatenation? (辐射型和 连锁型有什么区别？) unlike radiation where each of the derived meaning is directly connected to the primary meaning, concatenation describes a process where each of the later meaning is related only to the preceding one like chains. Though the latest sense can be traced back to the original, there is no direct connection in between. 10 Differentiation of homonyms f rom polysemants. (同形同音异义词与多义 词的区别) the f undamental difference between homonyms and polysemants lies in the f ace the f ormer refers to diff erent words which happen to share the same f orm and the latter is the one and same word which has several distinguishable meanings. One important criterion is to see their etymology, i.e. homonyms are f orm different sources whereas a polysemant is f orm the same source which has acquired different meaning in the course of development. The second principal consideration is semantic relat edness. The various meaning of a polysemant are correlated and connected to one central meaning to a greater or lesser degree. On the other hand, meanings of different homonyms have nothing to do with one another. In dictionaries, a polysemant has its meaning all listed under one headword whereas homonyms are listed as separate enties. 11 sources of synonyms. (同义词的来源) 1, borrowing 2, dialects and regional English 3, f igurative and euphemistic use of words 4, coincidence with idiomatic expressions. 12 discrimination of synonyms. (同义词 的区别) 1，diff erent in denotation. 2, dif ferent in connotation 3, diff erent in application. 13 type of antonyms. (反义词的类别) 1，contradictory terms 2, contrary terms 3, relative terms 14 some of the characteristics of antonyms. (反义词的一些特点) 1，antonyms are classi f ied on the basis of semantic opposition. 2, a word which has more than one meaning can have more than one antonym. 3, antonyms diff er in semantic inclusion. 4, contrary terms are gradable antonyms, differing in degree of intensity, so each has its own corresponding opposite. 15 give examples to explain the characteristics of each of the three types of antonymys: contradictiory terms, contrary terms, relative terms. (举例解 释下列三种反义词：1 互为矛盾的反义 词 2 相对反义词 3 表示相互关系的 反义词) contradictiory terms： these antonyms truly represent to each other that they are mutually exclusive and admit no possibility between them. Examples: dead—alive; present—absent; contrary terms: antonyms of the type are best viewed in terms of a scale running between two poles or extremes. f or instance, rich—poor; old—young; relative terms: this type consists of relative opposites such as parent—child; husband—wi f e; 16 What are the causes of semantic charge? (语义变化的原因？) there are many causes of semantic change. The main causes are extra—linguistic f actors and linguistic f actors. In extra—linguistic f actors, there are historical reasons, class reasons, and psychological reasons. In linguistic factors, there are shortening of phrases, inf lux of borrowings and analogy. 17 Types of changes. (词义变化的种类) 1, extension (词义的扩大) 2， narrowing (词义的缩小) 3，elevation (词义的升格) 4，degradation (词义的
一、选择题 1．I didn't know which dictionary was better, so I took ________. A．none B．neither C．each 2．一Where is Mr. Brown? 一I think he's _____________ the music hall. A．on B．in C．over D．from 3．Many people think Erquan rngyue is too sad, _____________ it's my favorite. A．and B．so C．or D．but 4．Some animals carry seeds from one place to another, ________ plants can spread to new places. A．so B．or C．but D．for 5．— Can you tell us about our new teacher? —Oh, I’m sorry. I know________ about him because I haven’t se en him before. A．something B．anything C．nothing D．everything 6．When I as well as my cousins __________ as a volunteer in Beijing, I saw the Water Cube twice. A．were treated B．treated C．was served D．served 7．He is wearing his sunglasses to himself from the strong sunlight. A．prevent B．stop C．keep D．protect 8．—The 30 firefighters’ brave action ________ their lives in the forest fire on March30, 2019.—The people of Muli County will never forget them. A．took B．cost C．save D．solve 9．Gina didn’t stud y medicine. ________, she decided to become an actor. A．Instead B．Again C．Anyway D．Also 10．These oranges looks nice, but _____ very sour. A．taste B．smell C．sound D．look 11．He can’t wait to get a ticket to the movie, so he________ for it yesterday. A．spent B．paid C．took D．cost 12．It’s ________ of the soldiers to rush into the fire to save people. A．stupid B．proud C．honest D．brave 13．Wang Dong didn't go to school yesterday ________ he was ill. A．so B．if C．because 14．—Mum, I don’t want the trousers. They’re to o long. —Sorry. I’ll buy a ________ pair for you. A．big B．small C．short 15．We 'll have a trip to America ______ February. A．of B．at C．on D．in
2019届高考英语常用词汇辨析 高考英语常用词汇辨析500例a about around round 作副词时都含“四处”、“遍地”的意思。 about 系常用词, 如:look about 四处看。 around 具有 about 的基本意思, 因此 look about=look around, 但在下列短语里 around没有 about正式, 如:travel around 各处旅行 round 和 around在非正式用法中可以互换, 但一般用 round时 更简练。在正式用语中, 一般用 round指“旋转”, 而用 around指“处处”, “到处”, 如:she turned round at such a noise. 听到这样的吵声, 她回头看。i have been looking for it all around. 我到处都找过了。 另外, 英国人用 round的地方, 美国人倾向于用 around, 如:[英] winter comes round.[美] winter comes around. above all；after all；at all above all意为“尤其是”、“首先”、“最重要的是”，常位于句首或句中，作插入语，起强调作用。如： but above all tell me quickly what i have to do．可首先快些告诉我该做什么。 a clock must above all keeps good time．时钟最重要的是必须走得准。 after all意为“毕竟”、“终究”、“终归”、“到底”，在句中位置较灵活。可位于句首、句中或句末。如：after all，your birthday is only two weeks away．毕竟，两周后就是你的生日。 he is，after all，a small child．他毕竟还是个小孩子。 he failed after all．他终于失败了。 at all用于否定句时，意为“丝毫； 根本”，用于疑问句时意为“究竟；到底”，用于条件句时，常译为“当真；实在”。用于肯定句中，表示说话人的某种情绪或情感（如怀疑或惊奇等），意为“竟然”等。如：he doesn’t like you at all．他根本不喜欢你。 are you going to do it at all？你究竟做不做这件事？ if you do it at all，do it well．若你真要做这件事，就得做好。 i was surprised at his coming at all．他竟然来了，我很惊讶。 add; add to; add…to; add up to add作“加，增加”解时，既可作及物动词，又可用作不及物动词；作“又说，补充说”解时，与直接或间接引语连用。如： if the tea is too strong, add some more hot water．如果茶太浓了，再加点开水。 after a short while, he
学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考 English Lexicology(英语词汇学) 1.English lexicology aims at investigating and studying the morphological structures of English words and word equivalents, their semantic structures, relations, historical development, formation and usages.英语词汇学旨在调查和研究英语单词和单词的等价物的形态结构,其语义结构、关系、历史发展、形成和用法。 2.English Lexicology is correlated with such linguistic disciplines as morphology(形态学), semantics(语义学), etymology(词源学),stylistics（文体论）and lexicography(词典学) Chapter 1--Basic concepts of words and vocabulary 1.Word（词的定义）: A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function. (1)a minimal free form of a language (2)a sound unity (3)a unit of meaning (4)a form that can function alone in a sentence 词语是语言最小的自由形式，拥有固定的声音和意义以及句法作用。 2.Sound and meaning（声音与意义）: almost arbitrary, “no logical relationship between the sound which stands for a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself”词语是一个符号，代表着世界上其他的事物。每种世界文化已经赞成一定的读音将代表一定的人，事，地方，特性，过程，行动，当然是在语言系统之外。这种象征性的联系几乎总是主观的，并且“在代表事物和思想的声音和实际的事物和思想之间没有法定关系” 3.Sound and form（读音和形式）:不统一的四个原因（1）the English alphabet was adopted from the Romans,which does not have a separate letter to represent each other内因是因为英语字母表采用罗马字母，罗马字母没有独立的字母代表每个读音，因此一些字母代表两个读音或者组合在一起发音。 （2）the pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling over the years另一个原因是发音比拼写的变化快，在一些时候还拉开了距离。在最近五百年里，尽管口语发音已经出现了显著的变化，却没有相应的拼写变化。 （3）some of the difference were created by the early scribes第三个原因是一些早期的书写员发明了一些不同。（4）the borrowings is an important channel of enriching the English vocabulary最后借词来了，这是丰富英语词汇的重要途径。 （5）printing印刷已经变得非常普及。它有助于固定单词的拼写、standardization标准化使得拼写不容改变。、dictionary字典在拼写终结中得到好处。 —Old English,The speech of the time was represented very much more faithfully in writing than it is today. 古代英语中的口语比今天更忠实的代表书面语 —The written form of English is an imperfect representation of the spoken form。英语的书写是发音形式不完善的代表 4.What is vocabulary？ （1）Total number of the words in a language一个语言的单词综合 （2）Words used in a particular historical period 特殊历史时期使用的单词 （3）All the words of a dialect，a book ，a discipline...某个方言，书籍，学科中的所有单词 5.Classification of English Words：英语词汇由所有种类的词汇组成。它们可以根据不同的标 准或者不同的目的进行分类。 By use frequency:basic word stock&nonbasic vocabulary根据使用频率，单词可以分为基础词和非基础词。 By notion:content words&functional words可以根据概念分成实词和虚词
近5年中考英语最常考50组重点词语辨析，全 1. after, in 这两个介词都可以表示“……(时间)以后”的意思。 after 以过去为起点，表示过去一段时间之后，常用于过去时态的句子中。如：She went after three days. 她是三天以后走的。 in 以现在为起点，表将来一段时间以后，常用于将来时态的句子中。如：She will go in three days. 她三天以后要走。 2. how long, how often, how soon how long指多长时间，主要用来对一段时间(如three days, four weeks 等)提问。如： How long ago was it?
这是多久前的事了? how often指每隔多久，主要用来对频率副词或状语(如once a week等)提问。如： —How often does he come here? —Once a month. 他(每隔)多久来一次?每月一次? how soon指再过多久，主要用来对表示将来的一段时间(in an hour, in two weeks 等)提问。如： How soon can you come? 你多快能赶来? 3. few, a few, little, a little, several, some few 和little的意思是否定的，表示“很少”或“几乎没有”； 而a few和a little的意思是肯定的，表示“有一些，有一点儿”。 few 和a few修饰可数名词;little 和a little 修饰不可数名词。