综英3课后答案
Unit 1 Fresh start
Vocabulary.
1. Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words.
(1) I had just the feeling of a newcomer to college without the strength only an experienced student might possess.
(2) My apparent confidence.
(3) Some food to appease my hunger.
(4) Going with the tide of the majority was no longer crucial to your success.
(5) Foolish and glaring mistakes.
2. Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word taken from the box in the proper form.
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(1) distress; (2) clutched; (3) pose; (4) sneaked; (5) preoccupation;
(6) shackles; (7) curse; (8) deliberation.
3. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.
(1) assure; (2) discretion; (3) relaxation; (4) humiliation; (5) strategy;
(6) embarrassment; (7) maneuverable; (8) immaturity.
4. Fill in the blank in each sentence with an appropriate phrasal verb or collocation taken from the text.
(1) lived up to; (2) headed for; (3) seek out; (4) has broken out;
(5)grope for; (6) trying …on; (7) go out to; (8) t ipped off.
5. Give a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used.
(1) vague (indistinct); (2) inconspicuously (unobtrusively);
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(3) self-restraint (self-control); (4) clever (intelligent,sensible);
(5) manner (behavior); (6) excited (agitated);
(7) sneak; (8) mature (sophisticated).
6. Explain the underlined phrasal verbs in your own words.
(1) became popular; (2) respect;(3) keep up; (4) lead to;
(5)understand; (6) found; (7) use; (8) start
Grammer.
1. combine eac h nominal clause in Column A with …
1~ 4 CDBF 5~8 AEHG
2. Rewrite the following sentences…
：
(1) My decision to resign was wise.
(2) Their readiness to accept the peace agreement really surprised the diplomatic world.
(3) My determination to pass the test helped me.
(4) Her failure to get into college disappointed her parents.
(5) My willingness to cooperate was appreciated.
(6) His refusal to help surprised me.
(7) The proposal that we should import more equipment is to be discussed at the meeting.
(8) Who can have told you that puzzles me.
3. Complete each sentence with what you think …
1~ 4 DBCC 5~8 ABDB
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4. Combine the two sentences in each group…
(1) I spent the afternoon seeking out each of my classroom so that I could make a perfectly timed entrance before each lecture.
(2) He wrote glasses and a false beard so that nobody would recognize him.
(3) The stranger spoke very slowly so that I could understand what he said.
(4) She locked the door so that she wouldn’t be disturbed.
(5) John whispered so tha t others couldn’t hear him.
(6) Please arrive early so that we can start the meeting on time.
(7) John has brought a bicycle so that he may save money on bus travel.
(8) The lecturer showed some slides so that he might illustrate his point.
5. Complete the following sentences using the words in the box.
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(1) Although/Though; (2) yet; (3) however/though;
(4) however/nevertheless/though; (5) Although/Though;
(6) Despite/In spite of ; (7) although/though; (8) however; (9) However;
(10) Despite/In spite of.
Translation.
(1). It distressed me a great deal to hear the news that he had suffered repeated failures.
(2) He assumed an air of cheerfulness, even though he lost favor with his boss.
(3) Gulliver met with extraordinary adventures and saw a strange assortment of people.
(4) He will be furious with you if you repeat the same mistake.
(5) We were all greatly drawn by his frank views, humorous words and genial manner.
(6) After cheers and applause died down, the Nobel Prize winner began his speech.
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(7) He is gifted with a sort of insight and foresight, so he rarely runs with the crowd.
(8) I feel realities are all very harsh, so one can hardly live up to his ideals. Exercises for integrated skills.
2. Fill in each blank in the passage below with ONE word you think appropriate.
(1) comes (2)others (3)what (4)going (5)not
(6) offer (7)relate (8)college (9)not (10)learn
Unit 2 the company man
Vocabulary
1. Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words.
(1) died from self-motivated overwork;
(2) most likely; the presidency of the company; the highest position in the company;
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(3)with no specific skills wanted by employers;
(4) trying to discover facts about his father; collecting memories of his father.
(5) a person vulnerable to heart attacks.
2. Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word taken from the box in the proper form.
(1)survived; (2) grabs; (3) discreetly; (4) deceased, obituary;
(5)conceivably; (6)board; (7) classics; (8) executives;
3. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.
(1) widowed; (2) nerves; (3) precisionist; (4) competitiveness
(5) execution; (6) presided; (7) marital; (8) accompanied
4. Fill in the blank in each sentence with an appropriate phrasal verb or collocation taken from the text.
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(1) died of; (2) stay up; (3) cares for; (4) straightened out;
(5) picked out; (6) given up; (7) grabbed at; (8) considered for
5. Give a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used.
(1) exactly; (2) immediately; (3) slacker(idler, loafer) ; (4) outlive;
(5)disconcerted(abashed); (6) departed; (7) underweight(slim);
(8) successor
6. Explain the underlined phrasal verbs in your own words.
(1) disappointed; (2)wait; (3) required; (4)read; (5)meant;
(6) entered cheerfully; (7) intensifies gradually; (8) became extinct;
Grammar.
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1. Put the verbs in brackets…
(1) have been playing/have played (2) has been putting/has put
(3) have pulled; haven’t touched (4) have been waiting; have waited
(5) have picked; have grown/have been growing; have never had
(6) has been getting/has got; has been rising/has risen; has come
(7) has been; has been looking; hasn’t found ; (8) has failed; has got
2. Choose “a” or “b” to end each sentence.
(1)a ; (2) b; (3) b; (4) b; (5) a; (6) a; (7) b; (8) a.
3. Complete the following dialogue with the proper forms…
A: ’ve been waqiting for; have you been doing
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B: ’ve been shopping; ’ve bought
A: met; was waiting;
B: ’s; speaks;
A: has he been learning;
A: did you say
B: ’s been studying; was
B: Have you gone
A: ’re saying
B: isn’t; ’ve been walking
Translation.
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1. My immediate boss is a typical workaholic, for he works for over ten hours each day all the year round.
2. The principal attaches much importance to extracurricular activities and he believes t hat they will help to cultivate students’ tremendous interest in the external world.
3. He always grabs a shower, a sandwich and then a taxi to go to work every Monday morning.
4. Since you are leaving the company, you should straighten out the accounts within 3
the week.
5. he often stays up late night in order to finish his . dissertation on time.
6. Nothing can replace the profoundest love lodged in one’s heart of hearts.
7. He is considered a natural for the post of the president, for he has been an excellent vice-president for almost ten years.
8. He is just too common to be picked out from the crowed.
Exercises for integrated skills.
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2. Fill in each blank in the passage below with ONE word you think appropriate.
(1)hours (2)while (3)less (4)from (5)explain
(6)by (7)late (8)differences (9)influence (10)taking
Unit 3 Out of step
Vocabulary.
1. Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words.
(1) pleasant/comfortable; practically
(2) very long; physical exercises
(3) was made to realize this
(4) decided not to have coffee and instead to go
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(5) held in mind
2. Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word taken from the box in the proper form.
(1) negotiated; (2) debonair; (3) dodging; (4) notion;
(5) compact; (6) contortion; (7) thrive; (8) undertaking
3. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.
(1) disagreeable; (2) eccentricity; (3) acquainted; (4) ridicule;
(5)triumphant; (6) deficiencies; (7) woefully; (8) contorted.
4. Fill in the blank in each sentence with an appropriate phrasal verb or collocation taken from the text.
(1) going about; (2) going through; (3) pops out; (4) pace off;
(5) pulled up; (6) dug out; (7) stroll up to; (8) habituated to.
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5. Give a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used.
(1) bustling(exciting); (2) old (time-honored);
(3) depressed( downhearted, low-spirited); (4) absurd (ridiculous);
(5) indifferent (unconcerned); (6) infuriating (irrigating);
(7) failure (defeat); (8) again.
6. Explain the underlined phrasal verbs in your own words
(1) encountered (2) cause; (3) agreed to;(4) limited to;
(5) idling about; (6)relied on; (7) tolerate; (8) deserted/abandoned.
Grammar.
1. Complete the sentences with the past perfect or past perfect progressive of the verbs in the brackets.
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(1) had been talking; (2) had been working; (3) had worked;
(4) had been applying; (5) had broken; (6) had been standing;
(7) had swallowed; (8) had been
2. complete the following sentences according to the given situation.
(1) had been empty; (2) had been working for the company;
(3) had been waiting for me for half an hour; (4) had had lunch
(5) had left; (6) has been living; (7) had repaired the engine; (8) had told
the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.
had se en; returned; didn’t have; didn’t have; had; done; was; didn’t have; did; left; had; was; decided; picked; went; slammed; felt; had reminded; has searched; found; remembered; were.
4. Complete the following sentences with shall, should, will or would.
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(1) will; (2) shall; (3) Should; (4) would; (5) will;
(6) shall; (7)should; (8) should; (9) would; (10) would.
5. Fill in the blank with one of the words and phrases in the box.
(1) nowadays; (2) ages ago; (3) lately, just; (4) soon, after a long time;
(5) immediately, Eventually;(6) once; (7) recently; (8) for weeks.
Translation.
1. The university is one of the most venerable institutions of higher learning in the world.
2. If one is deficient in practical experience, he can hadly make himself a success with only what he has acquired in class.
3. I felt exasperated by constant interruptions, for I had to finish writing the monograph by the end of this week.
4. He feels that it is ludicrous to write on a contemporary theme in an ancient style.
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5. The Bund in Shanghai was a place where young couples liked to come to coo in the 70s and the 80s of the last century.
6. His daughter is very sedate for a girl about ten, for she likes reading more than playing.
7. The couple strolled hand-in-hand along the country road when the sun in its first splendor steeped the earth.
8. The poet was commonly considered as an eccentric romantic genius when alive. Exercises for integrated skills.
2. Fill in each blank in the passage below with ONE word you think appropriate.
(1)more (2)around (3)free (4)leave (5)programs
(6)ease (7)it (8)signed (9)environmental (10)handing
(11)only (12)With
Unit 4 Fun, oh, boy, fun, you could die from it.
Vocabulary.
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1. Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words.
(1) we would be morally too strict with ourselves to enjoy life;
(2) that made all other questions less significant;
(3) counting fun as the most important quality of life;
(4) the best example of having fun.
(5) by nothing more than simple exposure.
2. Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word taken from the box in the proper form.
(1) overshadows; (2) traipse; (3) fetish; (4) flunked:
(5) swilling; (6) flicked; (7)epitome; (8) licentiousness:
3. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.
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(1) insured; (2) undeserved; (3) generosity; (4) benefits:
(5) regrettable; (6) mirthful; (7) blasphemy; (8) reverence
in the blank in each sentence with an appropriate phrasal verb or collocation taken from the text.
(1) turn into; (2) occurred to; (3) end up; (4) step up;
(5) pay …back; (6) look forward to; (7) look for; (8) managed to
5. Give a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used.
(1) excursion(jaunt); (2) failing;
(3) irreverently(disrespectfully, contemptuously); (4) advertisements;
(5) quintessence( embodiment); (6) grief (sadness, melancholy);
(7) profane( revile); (8) examine (scrutinize)
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6. Explain the underlined phrasal verbs in your own words.
(1) drew attention to; (2) represents ; (3) fully explain; (4) challenged by;
(5) support;
(6) bored; (7) be welled understood; (8) visited
Grammar.
4. Complete the following sentences with the words and phrases in the box.
(1) such …that; (2) thus; (3) in that; (4) With;
(5) so …that; (6) Owing to; (7) for; (8) Seeing that
5. Complete the following letter with the appropriate forms of the verbs given. Should/would like; have, heard; would, suit; doesn’t apply; won’t get; saw; had/was, left/leaving; said; was going; promised; (had)found; have heard; don’t kn ow; went; know; should/would be; would phone; have tried; doesn’t seem.
Translation.
1. It goes without saying that Shakespeare overshadows all the other playwrights throughout the ages.
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2. The Great Gatsby is commonly deemed as the epitome of the Jazz Age of the last century in America.
3. It is advisable for you not to put a damper on his enthusiasm to further his studies at Harvard.
4. Young people tend to make a fetish of glamorous stars in sports and entertainment circles.
5. They traipsed all the way to downtown area to watch the National Day fireworks display.
6. He does not deserve such a severe punishment as he committed neither serious errors nor gave crimes.
7. Every time I met him, he would talk a whole of nonsense.
8. Reputation is a trap into which many people are ready to fall.
Exercises for integrated skills.
2. Fill in each blank in the passage below with ONE word you think appropriate.
(1) as (2)hands (3)go (4)up (5)industries
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(6)or (7)include (8)on (9)provided (10)aim
Unit 5 The real truth about lies.
Vocabulary.
1. Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words.
(1)very important/shocking/traumatic; (2) avoid hurting the others’ feelings;
(3)modifying the truth;
(4) a course of action which can easily lead to something unacceptable, wrong or disastrous; (5)under any circumstances;
2. Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word taken from the box in the proper form.
(1) supportive; (2) perceived; (3) prevarication; (4) astounded;
(5)undermine; (6) faltered; (7) fibs; (8) volunteered
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3. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.
(1) unethical; (2) feigned; (3) unsparing; (4) cynical;
(5) confoundedly; (6) lubricated; (7) entangled; (8) Willful
in the blank in each sentence with an appropriate phrasal verb or collocation taken from the text.
(1) cover up; (2) blurted out; (3) set up; (4) find out;
(5) wear down; (6) specialize in; (7) professes to; (8) complimented, on;
5. Give a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used.
(1) evasion(equivocation); (2) chronic (repeated);
(3) common ( prevalent, omnipresent); (4) slightly;
(5) insult (reproach, criticize); (6) distort;
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(7) growth (multiplication); (8) strengthened (consolidated)
6. Explain the underlined phrasal verbs in your own words.
(1)cancelled; (2)overcome; (3)follow; (4)fell into;
(5)make it more acceptable; (6)feel unhappy about;
(7)removed from consideration; (8)reserve for future use.
Grammar.
2. Complete each sentence with what you think the mo st appropriate… 1~5 CCBAD 6~10 BBBAA
3. rewrite the sentences below using the words and phrases from the box.
(1) He can’t have told us everything.
(2) Something must have gone wrong.
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(3) She can’t be only thirty years old.
(4) They may not know yet.
(5) The road could/may have been closed.
(6) The police must know that.
(7) There may/could have been a traffic jam.
(8) The letter could/may arrive today.
(9) That will/must be my mother.
(10) There should be time to do some shopping.
1. Hamlet feigned madness when he was hesitating what to do.
2. Prevarication is one of the techniques this businessman likes to employ.
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3. Sometimes the light of the truth is just too dazzling, so white lies are ubiquitous.
4. Many women in America profess that they are unhappy with their status of second-class citizens.
5. On the impulse of the moment, he blurted out the secret.
6. You should get rid of any prejudice, resist temptations and let nothing warp your judgment.
7. Being over-sensitive and imaginative, he often weaves a tangled web in mind.
8. He is very popular among his peers as he always tries to spare others any trouble. Exercises for integrated skills.
2. Fill in each blank in the passage below with ONE word you think appropriate.
(1) service (2)rather (3)off (4)are
(5)advantage (6)much (7)relations (8)if
(9)as (10)moral (11)either (12)truth
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Unit 6 How to write a rotten poem with almost no effort.
Vocabulary.
1. Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words.
(1) extremely intense; (2) the practical principal;
(3) just like, following the example of ;(4) Probably, Quite likely;
(5) made a start despite the difficulty.
2. Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word taken from the box in the proper form.
(1)epic; (2) squalid; (3)veritable; (4) pounded;
(5)aroma; (6) evolved; (7) lyrics; (8) claimed
3. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.
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(1) imponderables; (2) poetic/poetical; (3) accidentally; (4) unsought;
(5) cuddliest; (6) juicy; (7) disoriented; (8) versed
in the blank in each sentence with an appropriate phrasal verb or collocation taken from the text.
(1) conjures up; (20 dealt with; (3) seek out; (4) think of
(5)ended/stared with; (6)break…up; (7)relates to; (8) came up with
5. Give a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used.
(1)unfamiliar(strange); (2) fellowship(brotherhood);
(3)lower(degrade); (4)exceptional( excellent)
(5) caress (hug,embrace); (6) unrealistic(impractical)
(7) skilled (expert,proficient,successful); (8) product (compositio
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6. Explain the underlined phrasal verbs in your own words.
(1) affects; (2) catching up with; (3) been involved with; (4) tell exactly
(5) rejected; (6)make understood; (7)tried to get; (8) thought seriously about Grammar.
1. Complete the following sentences with the appropriate verb forms.
(1) shake; (2) to do, wait, to let; (3) standing; (4) finding;
(5) take, make, drink; (6) leave; (7) being spoken; (8) be, look
each sentence with what you think the most appropriate of the four choices given.
1~4 CDBD 5~8 CAAC
Translation.
1. Sometimes, we have to make a choice because there is no middle ground.
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2. He often conjured up visions of the past when he was free from the pressures of life.
3. He often refreshed himself with a cup of strong black coffee when he felt fatigued.
4. He thrust past a throng of drunken men and bargaining women and walked on through flaring streets.
5. Experienced translators, though lacking in theory, can render one language into another by rule of thumb.
6. It was generally believed that the major purpose of the foreign minister’s trip was to break the ice with regards to the relations between the two countries.
7. Reading good books and making friends with good people can elevate the mind.
8. The flowers and the colorful lights lent a festival atmosphere to this ancient small town.
Exercises for integrated skills.
2. Fill in each blank in the passage below with ONE word you think appropriate.
(1)questions (2)will (3)ones (4)accounts
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(5)apply (6)as (7)need (8)at
(9)wish (10)feel (11)music (12)case
Unit 7 The chaser.
Vocabulary
1. Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words
(1) feeling very much worried and afraid;
(2) everything I sell could be well deemed as extraordinary;
(3) difficult to notice; which is more than enough;
(4) have much more everlasting effects than only the momentary impulse; (5) with extreme happiness and enthusiasm
2. Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word taken from the box in the proper form.
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(1)creaky; (2)peered; (3)acquaintance; (4)detachment;
(5)raptures; (6)giddy; (7)overwhelmed; (8)obliged
3. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.
(1)obscurity; (2)acquainted; (3)perceptible; (4)apprehension;
(5)indifferent; (6)rapt; (7)overwhelmingly; (8) disobliging
in the blank in each sentence with an appropriate phrasal verb or collocation taken from the text.
(1)save up; (2)care about; (3)indulges in; (4)reached for;
1.她似乎与新同学相处得不好 She doesn’t seem to get along with her new classmates. 2.我与玛丽失去联系多年 I’d been out of touch with Mary for year, but I managed to reach her by phone yesterday. 3.那老兵喜欢对每一位来访者炫耀他的勋章 The veteran enjoys showing off his medals to everyone who visits him. 4. 她丈夫似乎非常反对他出国 He husband seems very much opposed to her going abroad. 5. 因为托马斯不安心工作他父母很担忧 As Thomas couldn’t settle down in his job, his parents were very worried. 6. 我口袋里总装着各种各样的小东西 I always have all kinds of bits and pieces in my pockets. 7. 她母亲通过一些私人关系是他进入商界 Her mother pulled a few strings to get her into the business circle. 8. 我希望这些菜合你们的口味 I hope the food is to your liking. 9.那些男孩太吵我把他们骂了一顿 __I told the boys off for making so much noise. 1. 他决定立即着手这项复杂的工程 He resolved to work on the complicated project immediately. 2. 他们看见对面的老人被对面驶来的汽车撞倒 They saw an old man knocked over by a car coming from the opposite direction. 3. 他在黑暗中摇摇晃晃搜索着电灯开关 He walked unsteadily / stumbled along in the dark, groping for the light-switch. 4. 病了三个月后她几乎站不稳了 After three month’s illness, he found it difficult to rise to his feet again. 5. 由于人手不足无法按期完成任务 Owing to the staff shortage, the task could not be fulfilled on schedule. 6. 在经济萧条期公司遭遇财政困难 During the period of depression, the company was running into financial difficulties. 7. 那盲女上了公车乘客们给他让出了地方 When the blind girl got on the crowded bus, the passengers made room for her. 8.他终于抓住了悬崖的岩石止住了下滑 __He at last managed to hold on to the rock on the cliff and stopped himself from 1. 母亲立刻派汤姆去叫医生 Mother immediately sent Tom for the doctor. 2. 由于糖用完了他没做成蛋糕 She failed to bake the cake as she had run out of sugar. 3. 我知道您现在忙极了 I know how desperately busy you are now. 4. 汤姆说错了话惹得全班同学哄堂大笑
李明是学化学的，性格开朗幽默，颇有魅力，但英语成绩不佳，每次只能勉强及格。老师警告他，英语不好会阻碍他拿奖学金，并亮出了自己的王牌：如果李明不努力，就让他考试不过关。老师还告诉他，学习英语不能只为了文凭，否则他即使大学毕业，也还是个半文盲。李明虽然保持镇定，但他明白，他的学业生涯正在攸关之际，必须安心下来埋头学习，坚持不懈。 Li Ming was a chemistry major, a charmer noted for his easygoing and humorous temperament. However, his English was so poor that he always barely got by. The teacher admonished him that his poor English would be an impediment to scholarship. What’s more, she showed her trump card: if Li Ming did not work hard. She would flunk him. He was also told that he should not learn English merely for the sake of his diploma, otherwise, even after graduation from university, he would still be semiliterate. Although Li Ming did not lose his composure, he was well aware that he had to settle down to work and follow through because his academic life was at stake. Unit 2 我的朋友琳达接受过良好的教育，既美丽又端庄，三十好几依然没有人向她求婚。究其原因，她的事业心极强，整日扑在工作上，每天来往于住处和公司之间，根本没有时间和异性交往。一想到女儿这么大了还单身一人，她父母就焦虑不安。他们不知道该如何是好，甚至还去咨询一些社会学专家。但是事情在上个月出现了转机，公司的总部调琳达到培训部。在新的工作岗位上，琳达遇到了第一个触动她心弦的男人。从此，他们几乎每天约会，琳达意识到她会不顾一切地爱这个男人。决定嫁人的时候，她告诉了我这个好消息。虽然琳达的爱情让人想起电影中才会有的浪漫故事，我也担忧未来究竟会怎样，但我还是表达了我由衷的祝福，并爽快答应在婚礼那天做他们的伴娘和伴郎随从中的一员。 Linda, my good friend, has received good education and is both beautiful and elegant. She was not proposed to even when she was well over thirty. The reason is that she, as a career –oriented woman, is devoted to her work. Navigating between home and the company, she had hardly any time to socialize with people of the opposite sex. Her parents were gripped by anxiety at the thought of their daughter still remaining single at such an age. They did not know what to do and even consulted with some sociologists. But the situation began to change last month, when the headquarters of the company transferred Linda to the training department. On the new post, Linda met a man who tugged on her heartstrings for the first time. Ever since then, they dated virtually on a daily basis, and Linda realized that she would love the man beyond all reason. When she decided to take the matrimonial plunge, she informed me. Though Linda’s love is reminiscent of the romance that we see only in movies and I don’t know what the future will hold for her, I give her my heart-felt wishes and agree readily to be a member of the entourage of bridesmaids and groomsmen.
human creations, language may be the most remarkable. Through language we share experience, values, exchange ideas, transmit knowledge, and sustain culture. Indeed, language is vital to sense of reality by giving meaning to events. 在人类所有的创造中，语言也许是影响最为深远的。我们用语言来分享经验，表达(传递？)价值观，交换想法，传播知识，传承文化。事实上，对语言本身的思考也是至关重要的。和通常所认为的不同的是，语言并不只是简单地反映现实，语言在具体描述事件的时候也在帮助我们建立对现实的感知。——语序的调整。 Good speakers have respect for language and know how it works. Words are the tools of a speaker?s craft. They have special uses, just like the tools of any other profession. As a speaker, you should be aware of the meaning of words and know how to use language accurately, clearly,vividly,and appropriately. 好的演讲者对语言很重视，也知道如何让它发挥更好的效果。词语是演讲者演讲的重要“武器”，具有特殊的用途，这和任何其他的工作技艺没什么两样。作为演讲者，必须知道词语的具体含义，也要懂得如何做到用词准确、清晰、生动、适当。 Using language accurately is as vital to a speaker as using numbers accurately to a accountant. Never use a word unless you are sure of its meaning. If you are not sure, look up the word in the dictionary. As you prepare your speeches, ask yourself constantly, “What do I really want to say? What do I really mean?” Choose words that are precise and accurate. 演讲者准确地使用语言和会计准确使用数字是一样重要的。确定词意后再措词。如果不确定，请先查词典。当你在准备演讲的时候，要不断地问自己：“我到底要说什么？我到底想表达什么意思？”用词一定要精准。 Using language clearly allows listeners to grasp your meaning immediately. You can ensure this [by using familiar words （that are known to the average person and require no specialized background）; by choosing concrete words in preference to more abstract ones, and by eliminating verbal clutter]. 用词清晰可以让听众迅速理解你的意思（抓到你的点）。要做到这一点，就要尽量使用一般人都熟悉的不需要专业知识就能懂的词语；多用具象词汇少用抽象词汇；还有要减少口误。 Using language vividly helps bring your speech to life. One way (to make your speech vivid)|is through imagery，or the creation of word pictures. You can develop imagery by using concrete language, simile, and metaphor. Simile is an explicit comparison between things （that are essentially different yet have something in common）; it always contains the words “like”or “as”. Metaphor is an impli cit comparison between things that are different yet have something in common; it does not contain the words “like” or “as”. 生动地用词能让演讲鲜活起来！比喻，这种能产生文字图像的修辞，可以使演讲达到生动的效果。比喻要用具象的语言，分为明喻和隐喻。 明喻是指在本质上有区别但仍然有相同点的事物之间做一个明确的比较，一般句中会含有“像”或“似”。隐喻则是一种隐藏的比较，不会出现like 和as 这些连接词。 Another way to make your speeches vivid is by exploiting the rhythm of language. Four devices for creating rhythm are parallelism, repetition, alliteration, and antithesis. Parallelism is the similar arrangement of a pair or series of related words, phrases, or sentences. Repetition is the use of the same word or set of words at the beginning or end of successive clauses or sentences. Alliteration comes from repeating the initial constant sounds of close or adjoining words. Antithesis is the juxtaposition of
Unit 1 1. 听到他屡遭失败的消息，我感到很难过。（distress） It distressed me a great deal to hear the news that he had suffered repeated failures. 2. 他虽然失去了老板的欢心，但仍然装出了一副高兴的样子。（assume） He assumed an air of cheerfulness even though he lost favor with his boss. 3. 格列佛经历了冒险奇遇，见到了各色奇异的人物。（assortment） Gulliver met with extraordinary adventures and witnessed an assortment of strange people. 4. 如果你再犯同样的错误，他会很生你气的。（furious） He will be furious with you if you repeat the same mistake. 5. 我们都被他坦率的观点、幽默的语言和亲切的态度所深深吸引。（draw） We were all greatly drawn by his frank views, humorous words and genial manner. 6. 等到欢呼的掌声平息下来，那位诺贝尔奖获得者开始演讲。（die down） The Nobel Prize winner began his speech after cheers and applause died down. 7. 他天生有一种特别的洞察力和预见力，因此，他很少随大流。（run with the crowd） He is gifted with a special sort of insight and foresight, so he rarely runs with the crowd. 8. 我发现现实毕竟是非常严酷的，一个人难以完全按照自己的理想去生活。（live up to） I feel realities are after all very harsh, so one can hardly live up entirely to his ideals. Unit 2 1. 我的顶头上司是典型的工作狂，一年365天每天工作10小时以上。（workaholic） My direct superior is a typical workaholic, for he works for over ten hours each day all the year round. 2. 校长十分注重课外活动，他认为课外活动有助于培养学生对于外部世界的浓厚兴趣。（extracurricular） The principal attaches much importance to extracurricular activities and he believes that they will help to cultivate students’ tremendous interest in the external world.
作文翻译 Unit 1 李明是学化学的，性格开朗幽默，颇有魅力，但英语成绩不佳，每次只能勉强及格。老师警告他，英语不好会阻碍他拿奖学金，并亮出了自己的王牌：如果李明不努力，就让他考试不过关。老师还告诉他，学习英语不能只为了文凭，否则他即使大学毕业，也还是个半文盲。李明虽然保持镇定，但他明白，他的学业生涯正在攸关之际，必须安心下来埋头学习，坚持不懈。 Li Ming was a chemistry major, a charmer noted for his easygoing and humorous temperament. However, his English was so poor that he always barely got by. The teacher admonished him that his poor English would be an impediment to scholarship. What’s more, she showed her trump card: if Li Ming did not work hard. She would flunk him. He was also told that he should not learn English merely for the sake of his diploma. otherwise, even after graduation from university, he would still be semiliterate. Although Li Ming did not lose his composure, he was well aware that he had to settle down to work and follow through because his academic life was at stake. Unit2 我的朋友琳达接受过良好的教育，既美丽又端庄，三十好几依然没有人向她求婚。究其原因，她的事业心极强，整日扑在工作上，每天来往于住处和公司之间，根本没有时间和异性交往。一想到女儿这么大了还单身一人，她父母就焦虑不安。他们不知道该如何是好，甚至还去咨询一些社会学专家。 但是事情在上个月出现了转机，公司的总部调琳达到培训部。在新的工作岗位上，琳达遇到了第一个触动她心弦的男人。从此，他们几乎每天约会，琳达意识到她会不顾一切地爱这个男人。决定嫁人的时候，她告诉了我这个好消息。 虽然琳达的爱情让人想起电影中才会有的浪漫故事，我也担忧未来究竟会怎样，但我还是表达了我由衷的祝福，并爽快答应在婚礼那天做他们的伴娘和伴郎随从中的一员。 Linda, my good friend, has received good education and is both beautiful and elegant. She was not proposed to even when she was well over thirty. The reason is that she, as a career –oriented woman, is devoted to her work. Navigating between home and the company, she had hardly any time to socialize with people of the opposite sex. Her parents were gripped by anxiety at the thought of their daughter still remaining single at such an age. They did not know what to do and even consulted with some sociologists. But the situation began to change last month, when the headquarters of the company transferred Linda to the training department. On the new post, Linda met a man who tugged on her heartstrings for the first time. Ever since then, they dated virtually on a daily basis, and Linda realized that she would love the man beyond all reason. When she decided to take the matrimonial plunge, she informed me. Though Linda’s love is reminiscent of the romance that we see only in movies and I don’t know what the future will hold for her, I give her my heart-felt wishes and agree readily to be a member of the entourage of bridesmaids and groomsmen. Unit 3 食品供应商缺乏诚信已经成为当今社会的一大问题。部分企业欺骗公众，故意散布假消息，颂扬食品添加剂是食品工业的伟大成就，并声称适量的添加剂对健康有益无害。部分有良知的科学家对食品添加剂的含量和毒性展开了深入的病理学研究。研究结果表明，部分常见的食品添加剂经长期，可能会对健康产生危害，这被认为是食品安全研究方面极为重要的
Presenting a speech （做演讲） Of all human creations, language may be the most remarkable. Through 在人类所有的创造中，语言也许是影响最为深远的。我们用语言 language we share experience, formulate values, exchange ideas, transmit 来分享经验，表达(传递？)价值观，交换想法，传播知识， knowledge, and sustain culture. Indeed, language is vital to think itself. 传承文化。事实上，对语言本身的思考也是至关重要的。[Contrary to popular belief], language | does not simply mirror reality but also helps to create our sense of reality [by giving meaning to events]. 和通常所认为的不同的是，语言并不只是简单地反映现实，语言在 具体描述事件的时候也在帮助我们建立对现实的感知。 ——语序的调整。 Good speakers have respect for language and know how it works. Words are the tools of a speaker’s craft. They have special uses, just like the tools of any other profession. As a speaker, you should be aware of the meaning of words and know how to use language accurately, clearly,vividly,and appropriately. 好的演讲者对语言很重视，也知道如何让它发挥更好的效果。词语是演讲者演讲的重要“武器”，具有特殊的用途，这和任何其他的工作技艺没什么两样。作为演讲者，必须知道词语的具体含义，也要懂得如何做到用词准确、清晰、生动、适当。 Using language accurately is as vital to a speaker as using numbers accurately to a accountant. Never use a word unless you are sure of its meaning. If you are not sure, look up the word in the dictionary. As you prepare your speeches, ask yourself constantly, “What do I really want to say? What do I really mean?”Choose words that are precise and accurate. 演讲者准确地使用语言和会计准确使用数字是一样重要的。确定词意后再措词。如果不确定，请先查词典。当你在准备演讲的时候，要不断地问自己：“我到底要说什么？我到底想表达什么意思？”用词一定要精准。 Using language clearly allows listeners to grasp your meaning immediately. You can ensure this [by using familiar words （that are known to the average person and require no specialized background）; by choosing concrete words in preference to more abstract ones, and by eliminating verbal clutter]. 用词清晰可以让听众迅速理解你的意思（抓到你的点）。要做到这一点，就要尽量使用一般人都熟悉的不需要专业知识就能懂的词语；多用具象词汇少用抽象词汇；还有要减少口误。 Using language vividly helps bring your speech to life. One way (to make your speech vivid)|is through imagery，or the creation of word pictures. You can develop imagery by using concrete language, simile, and metaphor. Simile is an explicit comparison between things （that are essentially different yet have something in common）; it always contains the words “like”or “as”. Metaphor is an implicit
U1: 1. 他对这次面试中可能提到的问题做好了准备。（confront） He has well prepared answers to the questions that he might confront with in the interview. 2. 他悲惨的遭遇深深打动了我们，使我们几乎哭出声（touch） His sad story touched us so deeply that we nearly cry. 3. 他们俩手挽着手沿着河边散步，有说有笑。（hand in hand） They walked hand in hand along the river, chatting and laughing. 4. 听到这令人激动的消息之后，他眼睛里涌出欢乐的泪水。（well up） Tears of joy welt up in his eyes after hearing this exciting news. 5. 上海人容易听懂苏州话，因为上海话和苏州话有许多共同之处。（in common） The people of SH can understand Suzhou hua easily as they have many things in common. 6. 亨利和妻子正在考虑能不能在3年内买一幢新房子。（look into） Henry and his wife are looking into the possibility of buying a new house. 7. 女儿再三请求到国外去深造，他最终让步了。（give in to） He finally gave in to his daughter repeated request studying abroad. 8. 我们在动身去度假之前把所有的贵重物品都锁好了。（lock away） We have locked all the expensive things away before leaving for the holiday. 9. 虽然咱们分手了，但我希望咱们依然是好朋友，像以前一样互相关心，互相帮助。（part）Although we have parted from each other, I hope we will remain good friends to care and help each other just like we did in the past. 10. 在紧急关头，军长召集全体军官开会，制定新的克敌战略战术。（summon） At that critical moment, the army leader summoned all the officers to work out strategies and tactics to fight with enemies. U3： 1.对不起，我迟到了，我刚才在开会脱不开身。（get away） Sorry, I’m late; I was at a meeting and could not get away. 2. 在音乐会上，歌手唱完每一首美妙动听的歌曲时，观众便高声喝彩表示赞赏。（appreciation）At the concert whenever a singer finished singing a beautiful song, the audiences would burst into loud cheers to show their appreciation. 3. 她是个穿着时髦的人，对饮食很少讲究。（stylish） As a stylish dresser, she always wears stylish clothes, but she seldom cares about what she eats and drinks. 4. 护士告诉我医生奇迹般地治好了你的心脏病。（do wonders for）The nurse told me that the doctor had done wonders for your heart disease. 5. 主席颁奖时赞美获奖者为人类做出了巨大贡献。（compliment） When awarding the prize, the chairman complimented the winner on the great contribution to mankind. 6. 这个问题许多年来使专家们迷惑不解。（bother） These problems have bothered the experts many years. 7. 警察到达后，示威的人群逐渐散开了。（melt away） The crowd of demonstrators melted away when the police arrived.
Unit 1 1) Our youngest, a world-class charmer, did little to develop his intellectual talents but always got by. Until Mrs? Stiffer. 我的小儿子是个世界级的力?人迷。学习不怎么动脑筋却总是能蒙混过关。直到遇到了史蒂夫老师。 2) No one seems to stop to think that一no matter what environments they come from—most kids don't put school first on their list uni ess they perceive something is at stake? 似乎没有人停下来想想看，无论孩子们来自何种环境，他们当屮大多数若不是发现情况到了危急关头，才不会把功课当做头等大事。 3) Of average intellige nee or above ,they eve ntually quit school, con eluding they were too dumb to finish. 这些学生智力水平至少也算小等，但最终都退学了，他们总结说自己太笨。 4) Young people generally don't have the maturity to value education in the same way my adult students value it. 年轻人往往不够成熟，不会像我的成人学生们那么重视教育。 5) It is an expression of confidence by both teachers and parents that the students have the ability to learn the material presented to them. 这表明老师和家长们都对学生有信心，相信他们能够学好发给他们的学习材料。 6) This means no more doing Scotfs assignments for him because he might fail. No more passing Jodi because she's such a nice kid. 这意味着再也不要担心因为斯科特不及格而替他做作业，再也不要因为朱迪是个乖孩了就放他过关。 Unit 2 1) I had always dreamed of being proposed to in a Parisian cafe, under dazzling stars, like one in a Van Gogh, knockoff that hangs in my studio apartment. In stead, my boyfriend asked me to marry him while I was Win dexi ng the bathroom mirror. 我一直有这样的梦想，在星光灿烂的晚上，在一家巴黎咖啡馆就像梵高所画的“一夜的咖啡馆”，我的工作室墙上就有一幅此画的翻木。然后我男朋友却在我用“稳得新”擦洗卫生间镜子的吋候叫我嫁给他。 2) But the more time a nd effort I put in, the more the universe tried to thwart me. The Greek band from Los Angels that I wan ted wasn't available. The stitchi ng I had requested for my cathedral veil was all wrong. My ivory silk gown was being quarantined somewhere in Singapore. 但是我投入的时间和精力越多，万事就越和我过不去，没有请到我想要的洛杉矶希腊乐队，我到教堂时戴的面纱的针线活也很糟，不是我原来要的，我订的彖牙丝绸也被隔离在新加坡
Unit1如何发表演说斯蒂芬·卢卡斯 1.在人类创造的万物中，语言可能是最卓越的一项创造。通过语言，我们可以分享经验、阐明价值观念、交流思想、传播知识、传承文化。确实，语言对于思想本身至关重要。和流行的信仰不同的是：语言并不是简单地反映事实，而是通过对事件意义的思考来帮助人们感悟现实。 2.优秀的演说者尊重语言并懂得如何驾驭语言。语言是演说者展示才能的工具，对于他们来说，如同其他职业的工具一样,语言也有特殊的功用。作为一名演说者，你应该意识到话语的意义，并懂得如何准确无误地使用语言，使其表达清楚，趣味横生，恰如其分。 3.如同数字对于会计的重要性一样，准确地使用语言对于演说者至关重要。在没有确切知道一个词语的意思之前，千万不要盲目使用。碰到没有把握的词语，一定要查词典追根究底。当你准备演讲之前，一定要不断地问自己：“我究竟想说些什么？我究竟想表达什么样的意思？”因此，对于一篇演讲稿的用词来说，必须准确无误。 4.语言表达清楚无误，听众就能很快抓住你的意思。鉴于此，演说者应该使用那些对于大多数人来说非常熟悉的词语，这些词语不需要任何专业背景就能够理解；演说者应该使用那些表达具体而不是相对抽象的词语；并且千万不要乱堆砌辞藻，哗众取宠。 5.准确生动地使用语言能够使你的演说贴近生活。有一种方法可以使你的语言更加生动形象，那就是通过展开联想或创造语言图示。通过使用表达具体的词语、明喻或者暗喻等手法可以展开想象。明喻是对事物不同之处的比较，不过有些是相同的：它们总是包含“像……一样”或者“如同……一样”这样的连词。暗喻是一种隐性的比喻，它能够把两个形式不同但是有一些相通之处的事物联系在一起，暗喻不包含“像……一样”或者“如同……一样”这样的连词。 6.另一种让你的演说生动形象的方法是注重语言的节奏感。有四种修辞格可以让你的语言富有节奏感：排比、重复、头韵和对比。排比是将一组或一系列具有相似结构的词语、短语或者句子排列在一起；重复是在一系列短句或者长句的开头或者结尾使用相同的一句话或者一组词语；头韵是指邻近或者相邻的几个句子中的首个词语的辅音字母相同；对比是将一些意思相反的词语或者句子并列在一起，通常使用排比结构。 7.恰当地使用语言是指语言的运用要符合特定的场合、特定的观众和特定的主题。同时，恰当地使用语言还意味着演说者要有自己的语言风格，而不是模仿他人的口吻。如果演说者的语言在各个方面都能够做到恰如其分，那么这篇演说成功的机率就会大大提高。 8.优秀的演说并不是空穴来风、缺乏论据的决断。演说者必须找到强有力的论据来支持其观点。实际上，熟练地使用论据经常是区别一篇优秀演说词和一篇空洞演说词的关键所在。一般来说，通常有三种论据材料：事例、统计数据和证词。 9.在演说过程中，你可以使用一些简明扼要的例子——比如过去发生的一个很具体的事件——有时候，你可以罗列好几个简明的例子，借此增强听众的印象。扩展性的例子——描述、
翻译 Unit1 1年轻人有时会抱怨无法和父母沟通。(communicate with) Young people sometimes complain of being unable to communicate with their parents. 2. 能在中国云南的一个苗家村落住下来一直是玛丽长久以来的梦想，现在她终于梦想成真了。(to take up residence) It has been Mary’s long cheris hed dream to take up residence in a Miao village in Yunnan, China. Now her dream has finally come true. 3. 家养的动物习惯于依赖人，因此很难能在野外活下来。(survive) Domestic animals are used to depending on humans, so it is difficult for them to survive in the wild. 4. 他突然有种恐惧感，觉得自己会因为经济不景气而被公司裁员。(overtake) He was suddenly overtaken by a fear that he would be laid off by the company because of depression. 5. 我估计公交路线上堵车了，因为我都等了30分钟也没见一辆车开过去。(figure) I figure that there is a traffic jam on the route of the bus, for I’ve waited for 30 minutes without seeing one passing by. Unit2 1.思想是通过语言来表达的。(by means of) Thoughts are expressed by means of language. 2.我今年买的新书多得难以数清。(keep count of) I have bought so many new books this year that it’s really difficult for me to keep count of them. 3. 这位老太太确信，今天她儿子会回家来为她庆祝生日。(feel assured) The old lady feels assured that her son will come back home today to celebrate her birthday. 4. 他妈妈坚持说他每月的零用钱不能超过100元。(exceed) His mother insisted that his pocket money should not exceed 100 Yuan per month. 5. 上个月我们买了一辆车，是用我的名字登记的。(register) We bought a car last month, which was registered under my name. Unit3 1.这支乐队20世纪80年代凭借那张专集一举成名。(shoot to fame) The band shot to fame in the 1980s with that single album. 2. 冒一下险吧，你可能还是会输，但赢的机会却增加了。(take a risk) Take a risk, and you may lose again, but you would have improved your chances to win.