上海外国语大学2013年博士研究生入学考试
英语（二外）试题
（考试时间180分钟，满分100分，共6页）
I．Grammar and Vocabulary (30%)
Directions: From the four choices given, choose ONE to complete the sentence.
Section A: Grammar (15%, @1%)
1. The idea of traveling through space to other planets interests many people today.
A. a
B. the
C. /
D. one
2. I this soup. I pepper in it.
A. am tasting… am tasting
B. am tasting… taste
C. taste… am tasting
D. taste…have tasted
3. His remarks were annoy everybody at the meeting.
A. such as to
B. so as to
C. such to
D. as much as to
4. James has just arrived, but I didn’t know he until yesterday.
A. will come
B. was coming
C. had been coming
D. came
5. There are as good fish in the sea ever came out of it.
A. than
B. like
C. as
D. so
6. She fifty or so when I first met her at the conference.
A. must be
B. had been
C. could be
D. must have been
7. I’m surprised at there an index.
A. not to be
B. to be not
C. not being
D. being not
8. The activities of the international marketing researcher are frequently much broader than .
A. the domestic marketer has
B. those of the domestic marketer
C. the domestic marketer does
D. that which as the domestic marketer
9. It is imperative that the government more investment into the shipbuilding industry.
A. attracts
B. shall attract
C. attract
D. has to
10. John often sits in a small bar, drinking and smoking considerably more .
A. than that he is healthy
B. than good for his health
C. than his health could
D. than is good for his health
11. This girl is Mary’s cousin.
A. little pretty Swedish
B. Swedish litter pretty
C. Swedish pretty little
D. pretty little Swedish
12. The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of the body of a runner, to the body.
A. the greater the stress
B. the stress is greater
C. greater the stress is
D. greater is the stress.
13.The square itself is five hundred yards wide, five times ____ the size of St. Peter's in Rome.
A. /
B. that of
C. which is
D. of
14. What annoys me is that tomorrow the third time I take my car in to be repaired.
A. is … have to
B. will be … have to
C. is … will have to
D. will be … have to
15. There has not been a great response to the sale, ?
A. does it
B. has it
C. does there
D. has there
Section B Vocabulary (15%, @1%)
1. You can go to a travel agency and ask for a holiday _____.
A. introduction
B. advertisement
C. book
D. brochure
2. A great amount of work has gone into _______ the Cathedral to its previous splendor.
A. refreshing
B. restoring
C. renovating
D. renewing
3. The tone of the article ________ the writer’s mood at the time.
A. reproduced
B. reflected
C. imagined
D. imitated
4. The job of a student accommodation officer_______ a great many visits to landladies.
A. concerns
B. offers
C. asks
D. involves
5. It was strange that she would _____ such an absurd idea.
A. allow
B. stick
C. take
D. entertain
6. After the heavy rain, a builder was called to repair the roof, which was ______.
A. leaking
B. trickling
C. prominent
D. noticeable
7. The reception was attended by ______ members of the local community.
A. excellent
B. conspicuous
C. prominent
D. noticeable
8. The football match was _____ because of the heavy rain.
A. called over
B. called up
C. called out
D. called off
9. Many people nowadays save money to ______ for their old age.
A. cater
B. supply
C. provide
D. equip
10.She’s always been kind to me –I can’t just turn _______on her now that she needs my help.
A. my back
B. my head
C. my eye
D. shoulder
11. The bar in the club is for the ______use of its members.
A. extensive
B. exclusive
C. inclusive
D. comprehensive
12. His long beard is a _____ joke among his friends.
A. steady
B. standing
C. settled
D. stable
13. Until I took Dr Macy’s class, I was an underachieving student, but I left that class never to underachieve again.
A. concerned
B. worried
C. determined
D. decided
14. The Dragon Boat Festival on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month.
A. falls
B. arrives
C. drops
D. happens
15. The tuition fees are ______ to students coming from low-income families.
A. approachable
B. payable
C. reachable
D. affordable
II. Cloze Test (20%, @1%)
Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Read the passage and choose the best answer for each blank.
Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training. Ideally, therefore, the choice of an _1_ should be made even before the choice of a curriculum in high school. Actually, _2_, most people make several job choices during their working lives, _3_ because of economic and industrial changes and partly to improve _4_ positions. The ―one perfect job‖ does not exist. Young people should _5_ enter into a broad flexible training program that will _6_ them for a field of work rather than for a single _7_. Unfortunately many young people have to make career plans _8_ benefit of help from a competent vocational counselor or psychologist. Knowing _9_ about the occupational world, or themselves for that matter, they choose their lifework on a hit-or-miss _10_. Some drift from job to job. Others _11_ to work in which they are unhappy and for which they are not fitted.
One common mistake is choosing an occupation for _12_ real or imagined prestige. Too many
high-school students --- or their parents for them --- choose the professional field, _13_ both the relatively small proportion of workers in the professions and the extremely high educational and personal _14_. The imagined or real prestige of a profession or a ―white-collar‖ job is _15_ good reason for choosing it as lifework. _16_, these occupations are not always well paid. Since a large proportion of jobs are in mechanical and manual work, the _17_ of young people should give serious _18_ to these fields. Before making an occupational choice, a person should have a general idea of what he wants _19_ life and how hard he is willing to work to get it. Some people desire social prestige, others intellectual satisfaction. Some want security; others are willing to take _20_ for financial gain. Each occupational choice has its demands as well as its rewards.
1. A. identification B. entertainment C. accommodation D. occupation
2. A. however B. therefore C. though D. thereby
3. A. entirely B. mainly C. partly D. largely
4. A. its B. his C. our D. their
5. A. since B. therefore C. furthermore D. forever
6. A. prepare B. fit C. take D. leave
7. A. job B. way C. means D. company
8. A. to B. for C. without D. with
9. A. little B. few C. much D. a lot
10.A. chance B. basis C. purpose D. opportunity
11.A. apply B. appeal C. stick D. turn
12.A. our B. its C. your D. their
13.A. concerning B. following C. considering D. disregarding
14.A. preference B. requirements C. tendencies D. ambitions
15.A. a B. any C. no D. the
16.A. Therefore B. However C. Nevertheless D. Moreover
17.A. majority B. mass C. minority D. multitude
18.A. proposal B. suggestion C. consideration D. appraisal
19.A. towards B. against C. out of D. without
20.A. turns B. parts C. choices D. risks
III. Reading Comprehension(10%, @1%)
Directions: In this part there are two passages. Each passage is followed by five questions. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question.
Passage One
Forget the Marlboro man: China is the world’s cigarette king. The mainland produces—and consumes —more tobacco products than any other country in the world. The China National Tobacco Corporation (CNTC), the state-run cash cow that holds an effective monopoly on the industry, is a source of good business for the party: in 2010, Big Tobacco paid 498.85 billion yuan (around $75 billion) in taxes to the Chinese government, according to the State Tobacco Monopoly Administration. More than 300 million Chinese adults smoke — among them more than half of all Chinese men. In 2009, the CNTC says, it produced a whopping 2.3 trillion cigarettes.
But all this puffing is sparking serious public-health questions, and experts are now questioning if short-term profits will soon be outweighed by long-term health costs to the state. The World Lung Foundation (WLF) estimates a million people will die from tobacco-related illness in China this year, a toll that’s expected to double by 2020. So far there’s been little oversight of the industry: the Monopoly is, in essence, responsible for tobacco-control efforts. As the WLF’s Dr. Judith Mackay says, it’s been “a bit like
putting a fox in charge of a chicken coop”.
No longer. Along with a team of researchers, Yang Gonghuan, the deputy director-general of China’s Center for Disease Control, has published a new report laying out how tobacco is a big drag on the country. Profits from producing cigarettes will fall far short of the eventual health costs of smoking-related illnesses, says Yang. By the report’s estimation, cigarette-industry revenue accounts for some 6.7 perc ent of Beijing’s income. By contrast, the report states that tobacco ―overall poses a loss rather than a benefit to China‖, and other research puts estimated costs from tobacco at about 25 percent more than the revenue generated by the industry.
Experts say the report falls in line with an immature awareness of the dangers of tobacco across the country. But for now, the practice of putting warning pictures on cigarette packs — which is working to curb smoking in Latin America —is a long way off. The public-health question for Beijing, then, is whether cashing in on tobacco now will be consumed by the hospital beds that will have to be bought later.
1. China is the world’s cigarette king because of ______.
A. the greatest amount of tax from cigarette industry
B. the greatest number of adult smokers
C. the greatest production and consumption of tobaccos
D. the most tobacco-related illness
2. ―Cash cow‖ in the first paragraph refers to ______.
A. Chinese government
B. China National Tobacco Corporation
C. adult smokers
D. World Lung Foundation
3. What is the implied meaning of the italic words ―a bit like putting a fox in charge of a chicken coop‖ in
paragraph two?
A. It is unlikely for smokers to give up smoking actively.
B. It is impossible to prevent the tobacco-related illness.
C. It is impossible to decrease the long-term health costs of tobacco.
D. It is impossible for government to control tobacco effectively.
4. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT according to the passage?
A. Putting warning pictures on cigarette packs is an effective way of tobacco-control in Latin
America.
B. China is lacking in effective mechanism for tobacco-control.
C. Common Chinese has full knowledge about the harm of tobacco.
D. Cigarette industry generates more loss than revenue.
5. Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?
A. Tobacco and Public Health
B. The King of Cigarette
C. Smoking All the Profits
D. Tobacco Control
Passage two
Despite D enmark’s manifest virtues, Danes never talk about how proud they are to be Danes. This would sound weird in Danish. When Danes talk to foreigners about Denmark, they always begin by commenting on its tininess, its unimportance, the difficulty of its language, the general small-mindedness and self-indulgence of their countrymen and the high taxes. No Dane would look you in the eye and say, ―Denmark is a great country.‖ You’re supposed to figure this out for yourself.
It is the land of the silk safety net, where almost half the national budget goes toward smoothing out life’s inequalities, and there is plenty of money for schools, day care, retraining programmes, job seminars – Danes love seminars: three days at a study centre hearing about waste management is almost as good as a ski trip. It is a culture bombarded by English, in advertising, pop music, the Internet, and despite all the English that Danish absorbs –there is no Danish Academy to defend against it –old dialects persist in Jutland that can barel y be understood by Copenhageners. It is the land where, as the saying goes, ―Few have too much and fewer have too little,‖ and a foreigner is struck by the sweet egalitarianism that prevails, where the lowliest clerk gives you a level gaze, where Sir and Madame have disappeared from common usage, even Mr and Mrs. It’s a nation of recyclers –about 55% of Danish garbage gets made into something new –and no nuclear power plants. It’s a nation of tireless planners. Trains run on time. Things operate well in general.
Such a nation of overachievers –a brochure from the Ministry of Business and Industry says, ―Denmark is one of the world’s cleanest and most organized countries, with virtually no pollution, crime, or poverty. Denmark is the most corruption-free s ociety in the Northern Hemisphere.‖ So, of course, one’s heart lifts at any sighting of Danish sleaze: skinhead graffiti on buildings (―Foreigners Out of Denmark!‖), broken beer bottles in the gutters, drunken teenagers slumped in the park.
Nonetheless, it is an orderly land. You drive through a Danish town, it comes to an end at a stone wall, and on the other side is a field of barley, a nice clean line: town here, country there. It is not a nation of jaywalkers. People stand on the curb and wait for the r ed light to change, even if it’s 2 a.m. and there’s not a car in sight. However, Danes don’t think of themselves as a waiting-at-2-a.m.-for-the-green-light people –that’s how they see Swedes and Germans. Danes see themselves as jazzy people, improvisers, m ore free spirited than Swedes, but the truth is (though one should not say it) that Danes are very much like Germans and Swedes. Orderliness is a main selling point. Denmark has few natural resources, limited manufacturing capability; its future in Europe will be as a broker, banker, and distributor of goods. You send your goods by container ship to Copenhagen, and these bright, young, English-speaking, utterly honest, highly disciplined people will get your goods around to Scandinavia, the Baltic States, and Russia. Airports, seaports, highways, and rail lines are ultramodern and well-maintained.
The orderliness of the society doesn’t mean that Danish lives are less messy or lonely than yours or mine, and no Dane would tell you so. You can hear plenty about bitter family feuds and the sorrows of alcoholism and about perfectly sensible people who went off one day and killed themselves. An orderly society cannot exempt its members from the hazards of life.
But there is a sense of entitlement and security that Danes grow up with. Certain things are yours by virtue of citizenship, and you shouldn’t feel bad for taking what you’re entitled to, you’re as good as anyone else. The rules of the welfare system are clear to everyone, the benefits you get if you lose your job, the steps you take to get a new one; and the orderliness of the system makes it possible for the country to weather high unemployment and social unrest without a sense of crisis.
6.The author thinks that Danes adopt a _______ attitude towards their country.
A.boastful
B.modest
C.deprecating
D.mysterious
7.Which of the following is NOT a Danish characteristic cited in the passage?
A.Fondness of foreign culture.
B.Equality in society.
C.Linguistic tolerance.
D.Persistent planning.
8.The author’s reaction to the sta tement by the Ministry of Business and Industry is .
A.disapproving.
B.approving.
C.noncommittal.
D.doubtful.
9.According to the passage, Danish orderliness .
A.sets the people apart from Germans and Swedes.
B.spares Danes social troubles besetting other peoples.
C.is considered economically essential to the country.
D.prevents Danes from acknowledging existing troubles.
10.At the end of the passage the author states all the following EXCEPT that .
A.Danes are clearly informed of their social benefits.
B.Danes take for granted what is given to them.
C.the open system helps to tide the country over.
D.orderliness has alleviated unemployment.
IV. Translation (20%)
Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese.
Whether work should be placed among the causes of happiness or among the causes of unhappiness may perhaps be regarded as doubtful question. There is certainly much work which is exceedingly irksome, and an excess of work is always very painful. I think, however, that provided work is not excessive in amount, even the dullest work is to most people less painful than idleness. There are in work all grades, from mere relief of tedium up to the profoundest delights, according to the nature of the work and the abilities of the worker. Most of the work that most people have to do is not in itself interesting, but even such work has certain great advantages. To begin with, it fills a good many hours of the day without the need of deciding what one shall do. Most people, when they are left free to fill their own time according to their choice, are at a loss to think of anything sufficiently pleasant to be worth doing. And whatever they decide on, they are troubled by the feeling that something else would have been pleasanter. To be able to fill leisure intelligently is the last product of civilization, and at present very few people have reached this level.
V. Writing(20%)
Directions: Write an essay of about 200 words according to the following prompt. A title is needed.
Many people will walk in and out of our lives; but only true friends leave footprints in our hearts. Friends are our truest treasures. What is your understanding of true friend?
The following statements are for your reference.
1.What is a friend? A single soul dwelling in two bodies. --- Aristotle
2.In prosperity our friends know us; in adversity we know our friends. --- Churton Collins
目录 2016年上海外国语大学250英语二外（自命题）考研真题试题试卷 (2)
上海外国语大学2016年硕士研究生入学考试 英语二外（自命题）试题 （考试时间180分钟，满分100分，共 11页） I. Grammar and Vocabulary (30%) Directions: From the four choices given, choose ONE to complete the sentence. Section A: Grammar (15%, @1%) 1. In an hour, we can travel to places __________ would have taken our ancestors days to reach. A. where B. when C. which D. what 2. ________ men have learned much from the behavior of animals is barely new. A That B. Those C. What D. Whether 3. It is reported that a series of meetings _____ held about the best way to market the new product. A. was B. were C. has D. have 4. The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he himself. A. injured B. had injured C. would injure D. injure 5. ________ for your laziness, you could have finished the assignment by now. A. Had it not been B. It were not C. Weren’t it D. Had not it been 6. Anyone, once ____ positive for H7N9 flu virus, will receive free medical treatment from our government. A. to be tested B. being tested C. tested D. to test 7. Hearing his words, I coul dn’t decide _________ or remain. A. whether to go abroad B. if I go abroad C. if to go abroad D. to go abroad 8. ----To build a factory is beneficial to the locals, but on the other hand, it will be not environmentally friendly. ---- That’s_____ environmental protection organizations disagree. A. what B. where C. how D. which 第1页共11页
二外俄语考研指南与2021俄语二外考研真题分析 一、二外俄语考研真题分析 “二外俄语”为全国各大院校自主命题，而非全国统考，没有统一的考试大纲，考生在备考“二外俄语”时往往目标不明确，定位不准确，所以对各大院校的二外俄语历年真题分析则显得尤为重要。分析各大院校的二外俄语试题能够为考生准确定位自己的俄语水平提供很好的参照，也使考生对“二外俄语”考试有一个全面的了解，更加清晰的了解出题者的思路，从而正确地制定出复习方法和学习步骤，使复习具有针对性，使复习的效果更上一层楼。 1．考核要求 对于“二外俄语”，全国各大院校自主命题，而且各院校的考核要求水平也有差异，所以没有相应的考试大纲来说明其考核要求。通过分析各大院校的二外俄语历年试题，可看出二外俄语大致相当于大学公共俄语四、六级水平，而且，二外俄语历年试题中有些是出自四、六级考试的真题，有些是出自俄语专业四级考试真题，还有些是出自考研俄语真题，虽然比重不大，但从此可看出目前高校对考生二外俄语的大体要求，下面根据大学俄语四、六级考试大纲以及非俄语专业本科生《大学俄语课程教学要求》，对“二外俄语”的考核要求归纳如下： 词汇方面，要求掌握4000多个基本常用词汇，了解词形、语义、常用的搭配、俗语、谚语等。 语法方面，掌握名词、代词、形容词、数词的性、数、格和用法，熟悉动词的体、时、式、变位和基本用法，以及形动词、副动词的构成和基本用法；了解常用副词、前置词、连接词的用法。掌握句子主要成分和次要成分的表示法、单句及复
合句的基本类型；熟悉并列复合句、说明从句、定语从句、地点从句、时间从句、目的从句、条件从句等主从复合句的模式和用法。 阅读方面，能读懂社会生活、历史、文化、科普方面的一般文章，既能理解其主旨和大意，又能分辨出其中的事实与细节；能读懂简短人物传记及文学作品，既能理解其字面意义，又能理解其隐含意义；能分析上述题材文章的思想观点，语言技巧。 翻译方面，汉译俄项目测试考生将常用单句准确译成俄语的能力。译句必须忠实原意，语法正确，符合俄语表达习惯；俄译汉项目测试考生正确理解俄语简短篇章和用汉语表达原文内容的能力。译文要求忠实原意，语言流畅，符合汉语表达习惯。 写作方面，主要测试考生用俄语表达思想或传递信息的能力及对俄文写作基础知识的实际运用。写作要求切题，能正确表达思想，内容连贯，思路清晰，语言通顺。 2．试题类型和出题形式 通过分析全国众多院校“二外俄语”的历年真题，其题目类型大致包括词汇语法、完形填空、阅读理解、连词成句、将括号里的词改为适当形式、翻译和写作等内容，各题目类型的出题形式灵活多样，而考核内容也不尽相同，具体归纳如下：（1）选择正确答案题 选择题中多考察词汇以及语法，有的真题中还涉及个别文学常识以及国情知识，所占比例很小，一般为1-2道。 词汇题的考核内容主要为动词的接格、词组短语的固定搭配形式，以及对近义词、形近词的辨认与区分等。
英语语言学练习题 Ⅰ. Matching Match each of the following terms in Column A with one of the appropriate definitions in Column B. Column A 1.displacement https://www.doczj.com/doc/5d15911785.html,ngue 3.suprasegmental feature 4.deep structure 5.predication analysis 6.idiolect 7.pidgin 8.mistakes 9.interlanguage 10.motivation 11.arbitrariness https://www.doczj.com/doc/5d15911785.html,petence 13.broad transcription 14.morphology 15.category 16.errors https://www.doczj.com/doc/5d15911785.html,ponential analysis 18.context 19.blending 20.culture 21.learning strategies 22.selectional restrictions 23.phrase structure rules 24.culture diffusion Column B A.Learners’ independent system of the second language, which is of neither the native language nor the second language, but a continuum or approximation from his native language to the target language. 9 B.Learner’s attitudes and affective state or learning drive, having a strong impact on his efforts n learning a second language. 21 C.The rules that specify the constituents of syntactic categories. 23 D.Through communication, some elements of culture A enter culture B and become part of culture B. 24 E. A personal dialect of an individual speaker that combines elements regarding regional, social, gender, and age variations. 6 F. A special language variety that mixes or blends languages and it is used by people who speak different languages for restricted purposes such as trading. 7 G.The kind of analysis which involves the breaking down of predications into their constituents- ---- arguments and predicates. 5 H.They refer to constraints on what lexical items can go with what others. 22 I.The structure formed by the XP rule in accordance with the head’s subcategorization properties. 4 J.The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments. 3 K.The study of the internal structure of words, and the rules that govern the rule of word formation. 14 L.The abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community. 2 https://www.doczj.com/doc/5d15911785.html,nguage can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. It is one of the distinctive features of human language. 1 N.Learner’s conscious, goal-oriented and problem-solving based efforts to achieve learning efficiency. 10 O.The total way of life of a people, including the patterns of belief, customs, objects, institutions, techniques, and language that characterizes the life of the human community. 20 P.The common knowledge shared by both the speaker and hearer. 18
上海外国语大学考研二外法语经验分享一、个人情况介绍 我是往届生，考上外复习了三个月左右，初试成绩单政治72 法语74 基础英语114翻译134，技术分 287.5 。 我的基本情况：英语专业毕业。大学六级600+，专四86，专八76。参加过全国口译大赛获华南赛区二等奖，也当过口译，目前当老师。选择上外的原因是因为前同事是上外IC毕业的，她说上外很不错。 二、初试经验： 1、政治： 我从十月份开始看很厚的政治归纳的那种书，边做配套练习，每天都会花到[url=x-apple-data-detectors://0]2小时[/url]去看。可是后面我觉得这样根本没有用，分析一下考题会发现，其实现在的考研政治不流行考死记硬背的理论条条框框的东西了，考的更多是实际应用，比如说对某某问题的看法这类题目，因此，要是你时间真的很紧，想把时间花在英语学习上门，你大可以将精力放在＂最后四套题＂，每年12月份都会出版，里面的东西背得滚瓜烂熟，考试时候灵活变一下，即使考的题目不完全一样，也不会不及格的！其实我在十月份花了大精力去看的政治，其实后面发现一点都没有用。 2、法语： 我法语基础还不错的，平常有上周末法语口语班。所以没有很大问题。不过当时以为法语跟往年一样会很简单，但是这次的翻译题
我觉得还是挺难的。不过，法语及格就好，因为我们算的是技术分呀！我用来复习的是简明法语，考试的时候，法语时态有考到虚拟式。大家注意复习。 3、基英： 我主要是各个击破。 ①、单词每天定时定量背GRE单词，我没买书，用的是手机软件＂百词斩＂，这个软件会记忆你觉得背诵困难的单词，根据记忆曲线重复出现，反正就是超级好用，五颗星啊！我哥考博士我也推荐他用这个。当然，我边背也会做些笔记在本子上的。从十月份开始背gre一直坚持到考研结束。学到的单词很有用，我在翻译，写作上都有运用到。 ②、阅读：我在当当买了一本英专考研的阅读题目，也没有看到所谓跟卷子上一样的题目，大家可以参考别的书籍咯。我做阅读只是为了找出适合自己做阅读题目的技巧方法。 ③、完形填空：因为我以为这个分数占很大比例的，所以下了大功夫。做这个体的方法就是先把单词分类，分成动词，名次，形容词，副词，连词。我分析了几套题，发现一般只有动词需要变化形式，其他的一般很少变。这个规律让我再做完形填空时效率很高，正确率也很高。 ④、作文：我的弱项。我特地把我大学的六七本＂综合英语＂所有的课文过了一遍，平常也去英语网站阅读美文借鉴。今年小作文要求写记叙文我还是写成了偏议论文，而大作文一般是议论文，很好写的。
英语语言学 一、名词解释 第一课 l.Synchronic 共时性：Said of an approach that studies language at a theoretical “poinL in timeA A kind of description which takes a fixed instant (usually, but not necessarily, the present), as its point of observation. Most grammars are of this kind? 2>Langue 语言：The abstract linguistic system shared by all members of a speech community? 3>Language: Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbol used for human communication. ^Arbitrariness 任意性：One design feature of human language, which refers to the face that the forms of linguistic signs bear no natural relationship to their meaning. 第二课 1.Phoneme 音位：Phonology is concerned with the speech sounds which distinguish meaning? The basic unit in phonology is called phoneme; it is a unit that is of distinctive value. 2
上海外国语大学 2010年度教育奖励基金各奖项获奖名单 公示 日前，根据我校《上海外国语大学教育奖励基金评奖实施办法》，我校2010年度教育奖励基金各奖项的评选，经学校教育奖励基金评审委员会召开两次评审、评奖工作会议，对全校各评奖单位上报的评奖候选人经过认真、仔细的评审以后，以无记名投票方式选举（或确认）产生了各奖项的获奖名单，现予以在全校进行公示。 公示时间为：2010年11月29日至12月5日上午10：00止。凡对各奖项获奖者有异议的师生员工，可用书面形式或发送电子邮件（tangjx@https://www.doczj.com/doc/5d15911785.html,）至上外教育发展基金会反映个人意见，对具以真实姓名反映的情况，我们将进行调查和复议。 上海外国语大学 教育奖励基金评审委员会 二〇一〇年十一月二十九日
上海外国语大学2010年度教育奖励基金 教职工集体精神文明建设奖获奖单位 各奖项获奖单位:(7个) 兰生集团奖一等奖法语系基础教研组 邵一兵奖二等奖高级翻译学院 抽纱奖二等奖德语系 兰生股份奖三等奖体育教学部 申银万国奖三等奖国际教育学院对外汉语系外教社奖三等奖职业技术学院 申银万国奖特别奖(1) 上海外语教育出版社 上海外国语大学 教育奖励基金评审委员会 二○一○年十一月二十五日
上海外国语大学2010年度教育奖励基金兰生股份奖教职工、学生获奖名单 一、教职工 1. 兰生股份教学科研奖：（3个） 一等奖朱圣鹏西方语系教授 二等奖李春虎东方语学院副教授 三等奖刘宏松国际关系与外交事务研究院助理研究员 2. 兰生股份教育管理奖：（3个） 一等奖毕昆鹏团委书记 二等奖徐丽云英语学院总支副书记 三等奖屠晓明资产经营管理公司总经理助理 二、学生 1. 兰生股份优秀学生奖：（4个） 徐梦蔚英语学院 2007级 冯湘国际工商管理学院 2007级 陈凝新闻传播学院2008级 柴捷法学院2008级 上海外国语大学 教育奖励基金评审委员会 二○一○年十一月二十五日
2015年中国传媒大学外国语学院245二外俄语考研真题及详解 一、将括号里的词或词组变成适当形式，需要时填上适当的前置词。（每题1.5分，共15 分） 1.Участникиконференцииобменивались______(мнения)попроблемамэкономики. 【答案】мнениями 2.Этателерередачапользуетсяузрителей______(постоянныйуспех). 【答案】постояннымуспехом 3.ДедушкаживетвМосквеужемноголет,ноникакнепривыкнет______ (большойгород). 【答案】кбольшомугороду 4.Интнреслюдей______(искусство)впоследниедесятилетиязничительновозрос. 【答案】кискусству 5.Всевэтомгородеказалось______(роднойиблизкий). 【答案】роднымиблизким
6.Яуверен,чтовыдостигнете______(большиеуспехи)внаучнойработе.【答案】большихуспехов 7.Если______(Андрей)нравиласькакая-либокнига,онвсегдапокупалее.【答案】Андрею 8.Япостараюсьсамостоятельновыполнитьэтузадачуиобращуськвам______(помощь)тольковкрайнемслучае. 【答案】запомощью 9.Чтобыпонятьсегодняшнее______надосравнитьего(прошлое). 【答案】спрошлым 10.Мыпотратилимноговремениисил______(этаработа). 【答案】наэтуработу 二、选择正确答案。（每题1分，共20分） 1.ИзПекинадоГуачжоуможнодолететь______. А.3часа В.за3часа С.на3часа D.черес3часа
英语语言学期末考试试卷 第一部分选择题 I.Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%X10=20%) 1. Saussure’s distinction and Chomsky’s are very similar, but they differ in that ____________. A. Saussure took a sociological view of language while Chomsky took a psychological point of view B. Saussure took a psychological view of language while Chomsky took a sociological point of view C. Saussure took a pragmatic view of language while Chomsky took a semantic point of view D. Saussure took a structural view of language while Chomsky took a pragmatic point of view 2. Language is a system of ____________ vocal symbols used for human communication. A. unnatural B. artificial C. superficial D. arbitrary 3. We are born with the ability to acquire language, _______________. A. and the details of any language system are genetically transmitted B. therefore, we needn’t learn the details of our mother tongue C. but the details of language have to be learnt. D. and the details are acquired by instinct 4. A(n)________ is a phonological unit of distinctive value. It is a collection of distinctive phonetic features. A. phone B. allophone C. phoneme D. sound 5. The morpheme –ed in the word “worked” is a(n) __________ morpheme. A. derivational B. inflectional C. free D. word-forming 6. WH-movement is __________ in English which changes a sentence from affirmative to interrogative. A. obligatory B. optional C. selectional D. arbitrary 7. Naming theory, one of the oldest notions concerning meaning, was proposed by _________. A. Grice B. Plato C. Saussure D. Ogden and Richards 8. “John married a blond heiress.”__________ “John married a blond.” A. is synonymous with B. is inconsistent with C. entails D. presupposes 9. In semantic analysis of a sentence, the basic unit is called _______, which is the abstraction of the meaning of a sentence. A. utterance B. reference C. predication D. morpheme 10. In Austin’s speech act theory, ___________ is the act of expressing the speaker’s intention; it is the act performed in saying something. A. a perlocutionary act B. a locutionary act
第1章全国名校外语学院二外俄语考研真题分析 “二外俄语”是全国各院校英语、日语、法语、德语等外国语专业研究生入学考试科目，考生第二外语为俄语。一般来说，“二外俄语”总分为100分，考试时间为3小时。 1.1 二外俄语考研真题分析 “二外俄语”为全国各大院校自主命题，而非全国统考，没有统一的考试大纲，考生在备考“二外俄语”时往往目标不明确，定位不准确，所以对各大院校的二外俄语历年真题分析则显得尤为重要。分析各大院校的二外俄语试题能够为考生准确定位自己的俄语水平提供很好的参照，也使考生对“二外俄语”考试有一个全面的了解，更加清晰的了解出题者的思路，从而正确地制定出复习方法和学习步骤，使复习具有针对性，使复习的效果更上一层楼。 1．考核要求 对于“二外俄语”，全国各大院校自主命题，而且各院校的考核要求水平也有差异，所以没有相应的考试大纲来说明其考核要求。通过分析各大院校的二外俄语历年试题，可看出二外俄语大致相当于大学公共俄语四、六级水平，而且，二外俄语历年试题中有些是出自四、六级考试的真题，有些是出自俄语专业四级考试真题，还有些是出自考研俄语真题，虽然比重不大，但从此可看出目前高校对考生二外俄语的大体要求，下面根据大学俄语四、六级考试大纲以及非俄语专业本科生《大学俄语课程教学要求》，对“二外俄语”的考核要求归纳如下： 词汇方面，要求掌握4000多个基本常用词汇，了解词形、语义、常用的搭配、俗语、谚语等。
语法方面，掌握名词、代词、形容词、数词的性、数、格和用法，熟悉动词的体、时、式、变位和基本用法，以及形动词、副动词的构成和基本用法；了解常用副词、前置词、连接词的用法。掌握句子主要成分和次要成分的表示法、单句及复合句的基本类型；熟悉并列复合句、说明从句、定语从句、地点从句、时间从句、目的从句、条件从句等主从复合句的模式和用法。 阅读方面，能读懂社会生活、历史、文化、科普方面的一般文章，既能理解其主旨和大意，又能分辨出其中的事实与细节；能读懂简短人物传记及文学作品，既能理解其字面意义，又能理解其隐含意义；能分析上述题材文章的思想观点，语言技巧。 翻译方面，汉译俄项目测试考生将常用单句准确译成俄语的能力。译句必须忠实原意，语法正确，符合俄语表达习惯；俄译汉项目测试考生正确理解俄语简短篇章和用汉语表达原文内容的能力。译文要求忠实原意，语言流畅，符合汉语表达习惯。 写作方面，主要测试考生用俄语表达思想或传递信息的能力及对俄文写作基础知识的实际运用。写作要求切题，能正确表达思想，内容连贯，思路清晰，语言通顺。 2．试题类型和出题形式 通过分析全国众多院校“二外俄语”的历年真题，其题目类型大致包括词汇语法、完形填空、阅读理解、连词成句、将括号里的词改为适当形式、翻译和写作等内容，各题目类型的出题形式灵活多样，而考核内容也不尽相同，具体归纳如下： （1）选择正确答案题 选择题中多考察词汇以及语法，有的真题中还涉及个别文学常识以及国情知识，所占比例很小，一般为1-2道。 词汇题的考核内容主要为动词的接格、词组短语的固定搭配形式，以及对近义词、形近词的辨认与区分等。
英语语言学一、名词解释 第一课 共时性 : Said of an approach that studies language at a theoretical“point\A kind”inoftimedescription. which takes a fixed instant (usually, but not necessarily, the present), as its point of observation. Most grammars are of this kind. 语言 : The abstract linguistic system shared by all members of a speech community. : Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbol used for human communication. 任意性 : One design feature of human language, which refers to the face that the forms of linguistic signs bear no natural relationship to their meaning. 第二课 音位 : Phonology is concerned with the speech sounds which distinguish meaning. The basic unit in phonology is called phoneme; it is a unit that is of distinctive value. 音位变体 : The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environment are called the allophones of that phoneme. pair 最小对立体 : When two different forms are identical in every way except for one sound segment which occurs in the same place in the stings, the two words are said to form a minimal pair. 第三课 形态学 : Morphology is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed . morphemes派生词素: Some morphemes which change the category or grammatical class of words are ca lled morphemes 曲折词素 : Some bound morphemes which are for the most part purely grammatical markers and signify such concepts as tense, number, case and so on. 第四课 语法句法: A branch of linguistics that studies how words are combined to form sentences and the rules that govern the formation of sentences. categories 句法范畴 : Words can be grouped together into a relatively small number of classes, called syntactic categories. structure 深层结构 : Formed by the XP rule in accordance with the head’ s subcategorizationrties,iscalledprope deep structure or D- structure. structure 表层结构 : Corresponding to the final syntactic form of the sentence which results from appropriate transformations, is called Surface structure or S- structure. 第五课 指称 : Reference means what a linguistic form refers to in the real, physical world; it deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience. 同音异义 : Homonymy refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form, . different words are identical in sound or spelling, or in both. 上下义关系 : Hyponymy refers to the sense relation between a more general, more inclusive word and a more specific word. 第六课 语用学 : Pragmatics can be defined as the study of how speakers of a language use sentences to effect successful communication. 话语 : a sentence as what people actually utter in the course of communication. meaning 话语意义 : Utterance is based on sentence meaning; it is realization of the abstract meaning of a sentence in a real situation of communication, or simply in a context. act 言外行为 : An illocutionary act is the act expressing the speaker it is the’acts performedintention; in saying something.
上海外国语大学2010届毕业研究生名单 学术型学位博士 英语语言文学 缪海涛王厚平徐佳沈晓红贾丹陈佳王沁归樱刘秋芬杨滢滢吴菲齐伟钧吴格奇左进韩巍峰陈汉生胡文辉陈俊松金文宁闫建华刘坚郭海霞隋晓荻薛春霞杨雪莲胡洁仇贤根冯军施佳胜华维芬唐树华陈怡彭康洲陆远谷志忠张静 俄语语言文学 王春秀齐昕 法语语言文学 王圆圆 德语语言文学 汤春艳史节郑霞陈红嫣徐琼星 日语语言文学 陆洁李晓光 阿拉伯语言文学 金忠杰 外国语言学及应用语言学 文兵曹磊原雪云红龙金顺张纯辉蒋晓莉吴善子李红梅 国际关系 向丽华杨阳徐婷吴瑛张静吴奇志张瑾廉晓敏 翻译学 王娟孙序朱锦平狄强黄徳先 学术型学位硕士 阿拉伯语言文学 曹轶朱懿凯陈娟赵点点黄厚杨信 比较文学与世界文学 高皓玥石洁高凡凡苏子峰张昊
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