欧洲文化入门（阅读）
1．第1题
According to the New Testament, the central message of Jesus was__.
A.the kingdom of God
2．第2题
Before the First Crusade, Jews__.
C.were forced into the cities
3．第8题
Early Romans regarded their gods as__.
C.powers
4．第9题
Which of the following is Not true about the early experience of Jesus?
D.His family returned home at last
5．第10题
The Fourth Crusade in the 13th century was in fact__. B.turned into a siege of a Christian city
6．第11题
___ were regarded as heretics in the Middle Ages.
B.Those who did not believe in Christianity
7．第13题
Many works of painting and sculpture have taken myths as their ___.
C.subject
8．第15题
According to Greek myths about creation, ____was the foundation of all things.
D.Chaos
9．第16题
By a complex process of violence, struggle, and sexual attraction,__built up the power.
B.Zeus
10．第17题
Mythology has exerted a great influence on the arts in___.
A.all parts of the world 11．第18题
The King James version of the Bible __.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/5d15378433.html,pleted in the 17 century
12．第19题
It was ____who unified England for the first time.
D.King Alfred and his successors
13．第20题
Jews in the cities were__.
D.persecuted by Christians
14．第24题
Which of the following is not true about the Greek culture?
C.The Greeks honored the city's gods every day
15．第37题
In the New Testament Jesus was portrayed as the following figure except____.
D.the almighty God
16．第38题
The Spanish monarchy was __.
A.set up by the Christians
17．第40题
Roman mythology is actually___.
B.not purely Roman
18．第41题
According to Greek mythology, ___ opened a forbidden jar and happened to release the plagues into the world. A.Pandora
19．第42题
The early Christians were against ___.
D.pagan culture
20．第43题
Which is not true in the following about the Titans?
A.They were the Children of Zeus
21．第3题
Observing Sunday as a holy day is not included in the spiritual standards of the Old Testament.
22．第4题
According to the author of the apocalyptic writings, Evil powers would struggle against God.
您的答案：正确
23．第5题
In the prophetic literature narratives predominate.
您的答案：错误
24．第6题
According to the Old Testament, Man is a unity of life and death
您的答案：错误
25．第7题
Byzantium was defeated by the Persians.
您的答案：错误
26．第12题
The early Christian church included in the Christian Bible the written records of both the Old and the New Testament because it believed in the continuity of history and of divine activity.
您的答案：正确
27．第14题
The Throne Succession History of David in the Old Testament comes closer to the modern understanding of history.
您的答案：正确
28．第21题
The most significant part of the Christian Old Testament lies in books on laws.
您的答案：正确
29．第22题
That different from other creatures, man is a unity of physical matter and life is one of the major theological themes of the Old Testament.
您的答案：错误
30．第23题
The apocalyptic writings arose in Israel after the Egyptian Captivity of the Jews.
您的答案：错误31．第25题
The Germans by no means traded with the Romans.
您的答案：错误
32．第26题
The Germans in Late Antiquity shared with the Romans culturally.
您的答案：错误
33．第27题
Scholars now recognize that a number of characteristics of Renaissance art and society had their origins in the Middle Ages.
您的答案：正确
34．第28题
Renaissance eventually expanded into Germany, France, England, and other parts of the Mediterranean Sea.
您的答案：错误
35．第29题
People in the Renaissance thought the time of Middle ages was more advanced than their own time.
您的答案：错误
36．第30题
In the development of the Old Testament all the books came into being after oral traditions.
您的答案：正确
37．第31题
The pope and the Byzantine church shared the same interpretation of Christianity.
您的答案：错误
38．第32题
Monks in the Merovingian time lived in the temples.
您的答案：错误
39．第33题
The Merovingians became more civilized after adopting Roman institutions.
您的答案：正确
40．第34题
Renaissance humanists believed it was possible to improve human society through classical education.
您的答案：正确
41．第35题
Kingdoms in the West kept fighting among themselves. 您的答案：正确
42．第36题
Middle ages lasted about 10 centuries.
您的答案：正确
43．第39题
More accurately, the patriarchal stories in Genesis should be called families stories.
您的答案：正确
44．第44题
The second law in the Old Testament refers to the book of Genesis.
您的答案：错误
45．第45题
The Protestant version of the Old Testament is made up of the Jewish Bible only.
您的答案：正确
46．第46题
The West grew gradually independent of the papal control in the Late Middle Ages.
您的答案：正确
47．第47题
Renaissance began in Italy.
您的答案：正确
48．第48题
The Renaissance had enough unique qualities to justify considering it as a separate period of history.
您的答案：正确
49．第49题
The thinking of the Renaissance participants was also influenced by the idea of freedom and equality, which emphasizes the worth of the individual.
您的答案：错误
50．第50题
Christianity focused on the events of the everyday world. 您的答案：错误1．第6题
Which of the following is not true about the Greek culture?
C.The Greeks honored the city's gods every day
2．第7题
Historical narrative is best represented in the New Testament by the___.
C.Acts of the Apostles
3．第8题
The Greeks modeled relationships between ___.
D.gods on those between mortals
4．第9题
William Tyndale translated the Old Testament in the 16 century from ___.
C.the Hebrew text
5．第10题
1066 marked the__.
B.Norman Conquer of England
6．第11题
Monasteries were made rich by__.
D.the kings and nobles
7．第12题
Odysseus___ returned to his faithful wife after the ten-year Trojan War.
C.was a Greek hero who
8．第13题
Which of the following does not contribute to our knowledge of Greek mythology?
D.Guesswork
9．第14题
Which of the following is not true about the Greeks' belief in heroes?
A.They were immortal
10．第15题
According to Greek mythology, ___ opened a forbidden jar and happened to release the plagues into the world. A.Pandora
Which of the following is Not included in the major themes of the Old Testament?
C.the Holy Spirit
12．第22题
The Spanish monarchy was __.
A.set up by the Christians
13．第37题
Mythology has exerted a great influence on the arts in___.
A.all parts of the world
14．第38题
According to Greek myths about creation, ____was the foundation of all things.
D.Chaos
15．第39题
The First Crusade was important because __.
C.it was the first example of European expansionism
16．第42题
Jews in the cities were__.
D.persecuted by Christians
17．第45题
The 20th-century scholars on myths pay closer attention to___.
D.the content of the narratives
18．第46题
In the Renaissance, the ancient myths___.
A.served as sources of inspiration for artistic creation
19．第47题
According to the New Testament, the central message of Jesus was__.
A.the kingdom of God
20．第48题
In the Carolingian time popes__.
B.were regarded as models of piety
21．第1题
The term Middle Ages was invented by people today.
您的答案：错误22．第2题
The era preceding the Renaissance became known as the Middle Ages.
您的答案：正确
23．第3题
The Crusades by no means strengthened Byzantium.
您的答案：正确
24．第4题
According to the Old Testament, Man is a unity of life and death.
您的答案：错误
25．第5题
Renaissance refers to a series of political and religious movements in the 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries
您的答案：错误
26．第17题
The most significant part of the Jewish Bible is that of the poems.
您的答案：正确
27．第18题
Christianity was spread first by Jesus out of Palestine.
您的答案：错误
28．第19题
Unlike the Jews, the early Christians of the Roman Empire suffered persecution.
您的答案：错误
29．第20题
Belief in the harmony between spiritual and worldly things is true of Byzantium, Islam, and the West.
您的答案：正确
30．第21题
The Islamic world was unified by the the Ottoman Turks. 您的答案：正确
31．第23题
Hebrew prophetic books are made up of prophetic speeches.
您的答案：错误
The exodus from Egyp is related to the earliest history of Israel.
您的答案：正确
33．第25题
Renaissance classical education relied on teachings from ancient texts and emphasized a range of disciplines, including electronics, electricity, physiology, and philosophy.
您的答案：错误
34．第26题
The Germans in Late Antiquity shared with the Romans culturally.
您的答案：错误
35．第27题
Many scholars claim that much of the cultural dynamism of the Renaissance also had its roots in medieval times and that changes were rather abrupt than progressive.
您的答案：错误
36．第28题
Participants in the Renaissance came to the conclusion that their own commercial achievements rivaled those of antiquity.
您的答案：错误
37．第29题
Jesus lived in the early 1st century.
您的答案：正确
38．第30题
The word renaissance means "renewal".
您的答案：错误
39．第31题
Renaissance eventually expanded into Germany, France, England, and other parts of the Mediterranean Sea.
您的答案：错误
40．第32题
The thinking of the Renaissance participants was also influenced by the idea of freedom and equality, which emphasizes the worth of the individual.
您的答案：错误The pope & the Byzantine church began their conflict in AD 1054.
您的答案：错误
42．第34题
At the beginning of the Middle ages the eastern half of the Roman Empire began to fragment..
您的答案：错误
43．第35题
People in the Renaissance thought the time of Middle ages was more advanced than their own time.
您的答案：错误
44．第36题
Middle ages lasted about 10 centuries.
您的答案：正确
45．第40题
The Old Testament tells the true history of the Jews.
您的答案：错误
46．第41题
According to the Old Testament, Moses was a prophet.
您的答案：正确
47．第43题
Early Christians regarded the New Testament as an agreement God made with Adam and Eve.
您的答案：错误
48．第44题
The Ten Commandments are statements of human behavior.
您的答案：错误
49．第49题
The Old Testament includes literature and oral tradition found in other ancient literature like that of Far East.
您的答案：错误
50．第50题
The major theological theme of the Old Testament is that Y ahweh is the only God in the world.
您的答案：错误
1．第1题
Historical narrative is best represented in the New Testament by the___.
C.Acts of the Apostles
2．第2题
The images of gods in Greek mythology are_________.
C.as emotional as those of humans;
3．第3题
According to Greek mythology ___, which goes well with the idea of Daoism in China.
A.something can be produced from nothing
4．第4题
In the New Testament Jesus was portrayed as the following figure except____.
D.the almighty God
5．第8题
Jews in the cities were__.
D.persecuted by Christians
6．第13题
Roman mythology is actually___.
B.not purely Roman
7．第14题
According to Greek mythology, ___ opened a forbidden jar and happened to release the plagues into the world. A.Pandora
8．第15题
The history of the English Bible is the history of the formation of the English language__.
A.from a mixture of French, Anglo-Norman, and Anglo-Saxon;
9．第16题
Which of the following is Not included in the major themes of the Old Testament?
C.the Holy Spirit
10．第17题
John Wycliffe's goal of translation was __.
B.to give the Bible to the people Which of the following is Not true about monasteries?
C.Monks did not have to work in the fields at all
12．第19题
The images of gods in Greek mythology impress us as _________.
B.beings with human emotions who lived among us
13．第20题
In the search for the Golden Fleece to regain his throne, Jason ____.
C.fought against a dragon that never slept
14．第21题
The 19th-century interpretation of myths became more___.
C.scientific
15．第22题
According to the New Testament the Christian church __.
B.spoke more of the kingdom of God
16．第23题
The ancient Greeks___.
B.firmly believed myths to be true
17．第24题
A myth is ___.
B.an oral literary work traditionally accepted
18．第29题
___ were regarded as heretics in the Middle Ages.
B.Those who did not believe in Christianity
19．第41题
Which of the following is Not true about the early experience of Jesus?
D.His family returned home at last
20．第42题
Monasteries were made rich by__.
D.the kings and nobles
21．第5题
The Old Testament is a collection of books recording oral traditions in the Near East.
您的答案：正确
22．第6题
The common feature of Hebrew poetry is rhyming.
您的答案：错误
23．第7题
In the development of the Old Testament all the books came into being after oral traditions.
您的答案：正确
24．第9题
Early Christians regarded the Old Testament as an agreement God made through Moses.
您的答案：错误
25．第10题
Muhammad, the Islam leader, believed in one God that was different from the Jewish God.
您的答案：错误
26．第11题
Monks in the Merovingian time lived in the temples.
您的答案：错误
27．第12题
Constantine the Great declared Christianity as the only religion.
您的答案：错误
28．第25题
The major theological theme of the Old Testament is that Y ahweh is the only God in the world.
您的答案：错误
29．第26题
The Ten Commandments are statements of human behavior.
您的答案：错误
30．第27题
Jesus lived in the early 1st century.
您的答案：正确
31．第28题
The Russians by no means adopted Byzantine customs.
您的答案：错误
32．第30题mystery.
您的答案：错误
33．第31题
The end of Byzantium marks the end of Middle Ages.
您的答案：正确
34．第32题
Renaissance eventually expanded into Germany, France, England, and other parts of the Mediterranean Sea.
您的答案：错误
35．第33题
The Throne Succession History of David in the Old Testament comes closer to the modern understanding of history.
您的答案：正确
36．第34题
Practical advice for living a successful life is one of the general thems of the Hebrew wisdom poetry.
您的答案：正确
37．第35题
The era preceding the Renaissance became known as the Middle Ages.
您的答案：正确
38．第36题
The Crusades by no means strengthened Byzantium.
您的答案：正确
39．第37题
More accurately, the patriarchal stories in Genesis should be called families stories.
您的答案：正确
40．第38题
The Old Testament tells the true history of the Jews.
您的答案：错误
41．第39题
Christians suffered persecution until the 4th century.
您的答案：正确
42．第40题
Kingdoms in the West kept fighting among themselves.
43．第43题
In the Jewish Bible there are 27 books in Hebrew.
您的答案：错误
44．第44题
The Old Testament includes literature and oral tradition found in other ancient literature like that of Far East.
您的答案：错误
45．第45题
According to the Old Testament, death is a cruel reality.
您的答案：错误
46．第46题
The apocalyptic writings arose in Israel after the Egyptian Captivity of the Jews.
您的答案：错误
47．第47题
Renaissance classical education relied on teachings from ancient texts and emphasized a range of disciplines, including electronics, electricity, physiology, and philosophy.
您的答案：错误
48．第48题
Participants in the Renaissance studied the great civilizations of ancient Israel and Greece.
您的答案：错误
49．第49题
The Merovingians became more civilized after adopting Roman institutions.
您的答案：正确
50．第50题
Christians considered pagan gods supernatural.
您的答案：错误
1．第1题
In the Age of Enlightenment, there was emphasis on____.
B.rationality
2．第2题A.the Romans
3．第3题
Common types of myths exclude___.
D.myths of mortals
4．第4题
Which of the following is Not true about the early experience of Jesus?
D.His family returned home at last
5．第5题
William Tyndale translated the New Testament in the 16 century from ___.
B.the Greek text
6．第6题
The religious ministry of Jesus was followed by his 12 apostles for ___.
D.Israel was made up of 12 tribes
7．第10题
New schools in the Central Middle Ages attracted__.
C.teachers all over Europe
8．第17题
Greek mythology reflects the following except_____ . D.how the Greeks interpreted the world as being orderly
9．第18题
In the Renaissance, the ancient myths___.
A.served as sources of inspiration for artistic creation
10．第19题
The Greeks modeled relationships between ___.
D.gods on those between mortals
此题得分：2.0
11．第20题
The original language of the New Testament was used ___.
B.as a means of worship
12．第21题
Which of the following is Not included in the major themes of the New Testament?
A.the kingdom of God
13．第22题
It was ____who unified England for the first time.
D.King Alfred and his successors
14．第34题
The Romans began to represent their gods in human form ___.
D.after coming into contact with foreign culture
15．第35题
Myths____.
C.explain the origin of man and nature
16．第36题
___ is not included in Greek mythology as one of the three principal types of figures.
B.the devils
17．第37题
The history of the English Bible is the history of the formation of the English language__.
A.from a mixture of French, Anglo-Norman, and Anglo-Saxon;
18．第38题
Which of the following is Not included in the major themes of the Old Testament?
C.the Holy Spirit
19．第39题
In the New Testament Jesus was portrayed as the following figure except____.
D.the almighty God
20．第40题
Which of the following is Not true about monasteries? C.Monks did not have to work in the fields at all
21．第7题
That different from other creatures, man is a unity of physical matter and life is one of the major theological themes of the Old Testament.
您的答案：错误
22．第8题
The second law in the Old Testament refers to the book of Genesis. 23．第9题
In the development of the Old Testament all the books came into being after oral traditions.
您的答案：正确
24．第11题
The Old Testament includes literature and oral tradition found in other ancient literature like that of Far East.
您的答案：错误
25．第12题
Unlike the Jews, the early Christians of the Roman Empire suffered persecution.
您的答案：错误
26．第13题
The word renaissance originated in the belief that Europeans had rediscovered the superiority of Greek and Roman culture after many centuries of what they considered intellectual and cultural decline.
您的答案：正确
27．第14题
The Germans in Late Antiquity shared with the Romans culturally.
您的答案：错误
28．第15题
In the Middle Ages, people thought they were living in the Middle Ages.
您的答案：正确
29．第16题
Renaissance humanists believed it was possible to improve human society through classical education.
您的答案：正确
30．第23题
Prose is not the literary form found in the Old Testament. 您的答案：正确
31．第24题
Early Christians regarded the Old Testament as an agreement God made through Moses.
您的答案：错误
According to the author of the apocalyptic writings, Evil powers would struggle against God.
您的答案：正确
33．第26题
There are ten major spiritual standards in the Old Testament.
您的答案：正确
34．第27题
According to the Old Testament, Moses was a prophet.
您的答案：正确
35．第28题
Jesus lived in the early 1st century.
您的答案：正确
36．第29题
Renaissance classical education relied on teachings from ancient texts and emphasized a range of disciplines, including electronics, electricity, physiology, and philosophy.
您的答案：正确
37．第30题
The Russians by no means adopted Byzantine customs. 您的答案：错误
38．第31题
People in the early Middle Ages by no means cared about local leaders.
您的答案：错误
39．第32题
The Merovingians became more civilized after adopting Roman institutions.
您的答案：正确
40．第33题
People in the Renaissance thought the time of Middle ages was more advanced than their own time.
您的答案：错误
41．第41题
The original language of the Old Testament is Latin.
您的答案：错误The exodus from Egyp is related to the earliest history of Israel.
您的答案：正确
43．第43题
Most of the prophetic books are Hebrew narratives in form.
您的答案：正确
44．第44题
The Pentateuch was written by Moses.
您的答案：正确
45．第45题
Christianity was spread first by Jesus out of Palestine.
您的答案：错误
46．第46题
The word renaissance means "renewal".
您的答案：错误
47．第47题
Monasteries were by no means elements of religious life. 您的答案：错误
48．第48题
Monks in the Merovingian time lived in the temples.
您的答案：错误
49．第49题
Renaissance refers to a series of political and religious movements in the 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries
您的答案：错误
50．第50题
In the Christian view, saints were immortal.
您的答案：错误
欧洲文化入门参考资料 这是一本中国大学生了解欧洲文化的英语教科书，为了教学需要而编写的。学习英语的中国大学生在阅读英文书刊和同英语国家人士的交往中，往往感到由于缺乏欧洲文化知识而增加了许多困难。英语中有数不清的典故、名言、成语、人名、地名等等来自古希腊罗马的哲学、文学、历史著作，希伯莱的圣经，文艺复兴时期的艺术创作或者牵涉到各时期思想、科技、政治、社会方面的重要事件和人物。如果对这些所知无多，读书未必全懂，对谈也难顺利。而一旦对这些有了较多知识，则不仅了解程度会提高，而且由于通过文化来学习语言，语言也会学得更好。 《欧洲文化入门》教学大纲 一、课程基本信息 1、课程英文名称：European Culture: An Introduction 2、课程类别：专业限选课程 3、课程学时：32学时 4、学分：2 5、先修课程：《高级英语》、《英国文学选读》、《美国文学选读》 6、适用专业：英语 7、大纲执笔：英语专业教研室 8、大纲审批：外语系学术委员会 9、制定(修订)时间：2005 二、课程的目的与任务： 本课程为专业选修课程，旨在通过该课程的学习，学生比较系统地学习有关欧洲文化的基本知识，以提高学生的文化知识和文化修养，并为以后开专业课提供大量重要的背景文化知识，从而更好地了解和学习英语，提高文学欣赏水平。 三、课程的基本要求： 本教学大纲对象是高等院校英语专业高年级学生，全部用英语授课。 了解欧洲文化对英语发展的影响和欧洲文化发展的脉络； 了解来自古希腊罗马的哲学、文学、历史著作，希伯莱的圣经，文艺复兴时期的艺术创作的典故、名言、成语、人名、地名等； 了解欧洲各时期思想、科技、政治、社会方面的重要事件和人物； 将欧洲文化与同时期的中国文化进行比较； 学生应准备一些工具书、参考书、选本、译本。 四、教学内容、要求及学时分配： 希腊、罗马文化 基督教及其《圣经》 中世纪 文艺复兴与宗教改革 十七世纪 启蒙运动 浪漫主义 马克思主义与达尔文学说 现实主义 现代主义及其它 五、考试考核办法：笔试 六、教材及参考书：
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欧洲文化入门Exercise3 1．第1题 Mary's pregnancy to Joseph, her husband, was ___. A.a scandal B.a luck C.incredible D.unfortunate 您的答案：A 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 2．第2题 It was ____who unified England for the first time. A.King Edward and his successors B.King Arthur and his successors C. King William and his successors D.King Alfred and his successors 您的答案：D 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 3．第3题 According to the New Testament, the central message of Jesus was__. A.the kingdom of God B.the human persons C.the Holy Spirit D.God 您的答案：A 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0
4．第4题 The religious ministry of Jesus was followed by his 12 apostles for ___. A.12 is a lucky number B.they were the only apostles Jesus had C.they were the only apostles Jesus could select D.Israel was made up of 12 tribes 您的答案：D 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 5．第5题 Greek mythology relates the development of the order of the universe to_____ . A.Pandora B.Zeus C.Chaos D.Cronus 您的答案：C 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 6．第6题 Which is not true about the heroes in Greek mythology? A.They represented a kind of bridge between gods and mortals B.They never die C.They got gods' favor D.They had some defect to balance out their power 您的答案：B 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 7．第7题
作业 1．第1题 Which one of the following statements about the Great Famine is NOT true? A.It was the worst famine in European history. B.It lasted for seven hard years. C.In cities alone, there was shortage of food supplies. D.By the time it ended, the Great Famine had wiped out 10 percent to 15 percent of the entire European population. 您的答案：C 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 2．第2题 Which of the following statements about Joan of Arc is NOT true? A.She was born in a well-to-do peasant family. B.She grew up with a strong religious belief. C.Charles refused her to accompany the army. D.She was burned at stake. 您的答案：C 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 3．第3题 For some Muslims, Qur’an should not be translated because_____. A.it is impious to translate the very words of Allah. B.it is too difficult to translate the rhymed prose of Qur’an. C.the original meaning of Qur’an would be distorted. D.the beauty of Arabic language would be violated. 您的答案：C 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 4．第4题 Which one is not the factor that led to the disintegration of the Carolingian Empire after Charlemagne’s death? A.the regional and ethnic diversity B.the conflicts between different successors to the throne
2014年10月北京自考欧洲文化入门模拟试题和答案100017 一、Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question，four suggested answers marked A，B，C and D are given. Choose the one which best completes the statement or answers the question by blackening the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points，2 points each) 第1题 In the second half of the 4th century B.C.， all Greece was brought under the rule of___________ ，King of Macedon. A. Homer B. Sophocles C. Alexander D. Alfred 【正确答案】 C 【你的答案】 本题分数2分 第2题 In ancient Greece，plays were performed in_____________. A. theatres B. open-air sports ground C. private houses D. open-air theatres 【正确答案】 D 【你的答案】 本题分数2分 第3题 The first emperor of the Roman Empire was________________. A. Constantine B. Julius Caesar C. Octavius D. Augustus 【正确答案】 D 【你的答案】 本题分数2分 第4题 The ancestors of the Jews are called Hebrews which mean______________. A. wanderers B. travelers
欧洲文化入门各章练习及答案 第一章 填空题： 1. The richness of European Culture was created by ________element and _________element. Greco-Roman Judeo-Christian 2. The Homer’s epics consisted of_________. Iliad and Odyssey 3. ________ is the first writer of “problem plays”. Euripides 4. __________ is called “Father of History”. Herodotus 5. ________is the greatest historian that ever lived. Thucydides 6. The dividing range in the Roman history refers to ________. 27 B.C. 7. “I came, I saw, I conquered.” is a famous saying by _______. Julius Caesar 8. The representation form of Greek Democracy is __________. citizen-assembly. 判断题 1. Euclid says “Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world”. (×) Archimedes 2. Herodotus’s historical writing is on the war between Anthens and Sparta. (×) Greeks and Persians 名词解释： 1. Pax Romana 答：In the Roman history ,there came two hundred years of peaceful time, which was guaranteed by the Roman legions, it was known as Pax Romana 2. “Democracy” in ancient Greece 答： 1）Democracy means “exercise of power by the whole people”, but in Greece by “the whole people” the Greeks mea nt only the adult male citizens. 2） Women, children, foreigners and slaves were excluded from Democracy. 论述题： 1. How did the Greek Culture originate and develop? 1) Probably around 1200 B.C., a war was fought between Greece and troy. This is the war that Homer refers to in his epics. 2) Greek culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century B.C. A. The successful repulse of the Persian invasion early in the 5th century. B. The establishment of democracy. C. The flourishing of science, philosophy, literature, art and historical writing in Athens. 3)The 5th century closed with civil war between Athens and Sparta.
西方文化入门（2010） 一、课程名称：西方文化入门 二、学时与学分：36 学时，2 学分 三、适用专业：英语专业本科、 四、课程教材：自编教材 五、参考教材：Duncan Sidwell著，《欧洲文化概况》，外语教学与研究出版社，2008年 12月第一版 王佐良，李品伟等主编，《欧洲文化入门》，外语教学与研究出版社，1992 年9月第二版 六、开课单位：外语学院 七、课程的目的、性质和任务: 西方文化入门是英语专业的一门文化课，目的是使学生了解西方文化的历史发展和文学，文化传统，促进学生对西方文化内涵的兴趣，提高对文化差异的敏感性和宽容性，培养学生跨文化的交际能力。 八、课程的基本要求： 了解西方文化发展的历史脉络，如，作为西方文明源头的希腊罗马文明，基督教的兴起与传播，欧洲中世纪文明，文艺复兴，宗教改革，理性主义的勃发，工业革命和现代欧洲，殖民主义与帝国主义，等；了解西方文化中的一些关键概念，如，希腊城邦，罗马帝国，上帝和子民，人文主义，民主与自由，人权，平等与博爱，科学和技术，工业革命，殖民主义，帝国主义，等；从欧洲的角度了解文学在古代，中世纪，近代和现代的发展，学习希腊文学，罗马文学，文艺复兴时期意大利、英国、西班牙等国经典文学片断，了解欧洲古代，中世纪，文艺复兴，启蒙时期，浪漫主义和现实主义时期文学的特点和精神实质；旨在使学生对西方历史，文化的发展脉络有较为清晰的了解和把握。 九、课程的主要内容： 介绍西方文化的源头古希腊古、罗马的文明，重点为雅典的民主制，希腊史诗与悲剧，希腊建筑艺术，罗马帝国及其影响，罗马文学；《圣经》简介，上帝与子民，中世纪教会组织，人文主义文学，宗教改革，启蒙时代的精神，平等，自由与博爱，欧洲浪漫主义文学，英国工业革命，马克思主义与达尔文主义的兴起与传播，等。 十、说明： 西方文化内容多，涉及面广；由于课时原因，本课程将不涉及一次世界大战以后西方文明的发展，也不涉及美国文明的发展。本课程教材，参考教材均为英文；讲授中英文并用；讲授方式以讲座为主。 十一、考核方式： 课后作业，期末考试。
《欧洲文化入门》知识点笔记 1、There are many elements constituting(组成) European Culture. 2、There are two major elements：Greco-Roman element and Judeo-Christian element. 3、The richness(丰富性) of European Culture was created by Greco-Roman element and Judeo-Christian element. 第一章 1、The 5th century closed with civil war between Athens and Sparta. 2、The economy of Athens rested on(依赖) an immense(无限的)amount of slave labour. 3、Olympus mount，Revived in 1896(当代奥运会) 4、Ancient Greece(古希腊)‘s epics was created by Homer. 5、The events of Homer‘s own time. (错) (They are not about events of Homer‘s own time，probably in the period 1200-1100 B.C.) 6、The Homer‘s epics consisted of Iliad and Odyssey. 7、Agamemnon，Hector，Achilles are in Iliad. 8、Odysseus and Penelope are in Odyssey. 9、Odyssey(对其作品产生影响)—→James Joyoe‘s Ulysses(描述一天的生活)。In the 20th century. 10、Drama in Ancient Greece was floured in the 5th century B.C. 11、三大悲剧大师①Aeschylus 《Prometheus Bound》—→模仿式作品Shelly《Prometheus Unbound》 ②Sophocles(之首) 《Oedipus the King》—→Freud‘s “the Oedipus complex”(恋母情结) —→David Herbert Lawrence’s《Sons and lovers》(劳伦斯)447页 ③Euripides A.《Trojan Women》 B. He is the first writer of “problem plays”(社会问题剧) 在肖伯纳手中达到高潮，属于存在主义戏剧的人物 C. Elizabeth Browning called him “Euripides human”(一个纯粹的人) D. Realism can be traced back (追溯到) to the Ancient Greece. To be specific(具体来说)，Euripides. 12、The only representative of Greek comedy is Aristophanes. 18页 Aristophanes writes about nature. —→浪漫主义湖畔派(The lakers )华兹华兹 13、History (Historical writing)史学创作新古典主义代表作家《格列夫游
《欧洲文化概论》是由外语教学研究出版社出版的中国大学英语专业教材。书中介绍了欧洲各个历史时期和人物的典故、语录、成语、人名、地名等，并按时间顺序具体简洁地描述了欧洲从古至今的历史。本书通过对欧洲不同时期的思想、科技、政治、社会等方面的重要时代和人物进行英语教学，使学习英语的学生更好地了解欧洲历史文化，从而使英语学习更加顺利，更好地掌握英语语言和文化。 1相关概要编辑 《欧洲文化入门》是一本中国大学英语系的教科书，为了教学需要而编写的。学习英语的中国大学生在阅读英文书刊和同英语国家人士的交往中，往往感到由于缺乏欧洲文化知识而增加了许多困难。英语中有数不清的典故、名言、成语、人名、地名等等来自古希腊罗马的哲学、文学、历史著作，希伯莱的圣经，文艺复兴时期的艺术创作或者牵涉到各时期思想、科技、政治、社会方面的重要事件和人物。如果对这些所知无多，读书未必全懂，对谈也难顺利。而一旦对这些有了较多知识，则不仅了解程度会提高，而且由于通过文化来学习语言，语言也会学得更好[1] 2课程目的编辑 为学习英语的学生而设，因此用英语讲授，提到的地名，人名，书名，事件的名称等等也按英语惯例拼写，例如用Aristotle而不是Aristote （法）或Aristoteles（德）。 3课程内容编辑 欧洲文化的重要方面都讲到，但由于材料太多，又必须突出中心，为
此本书采用历史叙述法，将全部内容 分为10个大题按照时间顺序来讲，如下： 1 希腊，罗马文化； 2 基督教及其《圣经》； 3 中世纪； 4 文艺复兴与宗教改革； 5 17世纪； 6 启蒙运动； 7 浪漫主义； 8 马克思主义与达尔文学说； 9 现实主义； 10现代主义及其他。 在每题之内也已介绍最重要的基本事实为主，讲述力求具体扼要。以下是总目录（主干），其实每个目录下都包含还有很多内容（枝节），在本书中都有详细介绍Contents: Introduction https://www.doczj.com/doc/5d15378433.html,es of the Subject 2.Two Major Elements in European Culture DIVISION ONE GREEK CULTURE AND ROMAN CULTURE I. Greek Culture Questions for Revision
课程《欧洲文化入门》考试时间 120 分钟日期年月日 姓名学号学院班级 Ⅰ.Read the following unfinished statements or questionas carefully. For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of the answer you have choosen in the corresponding spcae on the answer sheet. (40 points, 2 point for each) ———— was the founder of scientific mathematics. A. Pythagoras B. Democritus C. Aristotle D. Diogenes 2. Which of the following figures was regarded as “the master of those who know”by Dante? A. Plato B. Socrates C. Aristotle D. Cicero 3. ________ was called “the greatest historian that ever lived”by Macaulay. A. Thucydides B. Herodotus C. Socrates D. Aristotle 4. The first king to unite the Hebrews was a warrior-famer name________ . A. Moses B. Joshua C. Saul D. David 5. Who issued the Edict of Milan in 313,whick granted religious freedom to all and made Christianity legal? A. Domitian B. Valerian C. Constantine D. Theodosius 6. The ancestors of the Jews are called Hebrews which mean ________ . A. wanderers B. travelers C. traders D. merchants 7. In the latter part of the fourth century the ________ swept into Europe from central Asia. A. Turkish B. Huns C. Athens D. Roman 8. Apart from being a place of worship, the ________ was a place for recreation and the center of trade and community activity. A. bridge B. church building C. village D. subway 9. For two centuries beginning from the late fifteenth century,________ was the golden city which gave birth to a whole generation of poets, scholars,artists and sculptors. A. Milan B. Florence C. Venice D. the papal states 10. which of the following figures knows “how to make beauty yield meaning and
WEEK 1-3 Reformation and Counter-Reformation P138-139 The Reformation was a 16th century religious movement as well as a socio-political movement. It begin with Martin Luther‘s 95 thesis in 1517. This movement aimed at opposing the absolute authority of the Roman Catholic Church and replacing it with the absolute authority of the Bible, The demands of the reformists: ---direct communication between the individual and God ---simplifying rituals ---abolishing heavy taxes levied on their countrymen ---abolishing the indulgences 1) Pre-Luther Religious Reformers John Wycliffe (about 1330?a1384) p-139 Chief forerunner of Reformation. English theologian and religious reformer. He believed that Christ is man??s only overlord and that salvation depends upon predestination and grace rather than on membership of a visible church. He took up the translation of the Bible into English for the first time. Jan Hus (1372-1415) A Bohemian Czech religious leader, theologian. Attacked the abuses of the Church/ was imprisoned and exiled/ was burnt at stake / the Hus War 2) Martin Luther(1483-1546) and His Doctrines Martin Luther was the German leader of the Protestant Reformation. His doctrine marked the first break in the unity of the Catholic Church. Beginning of the Reformation p-140 Translation of the Bible Gospel of love and Ideas of Equality In the history of Germany, Martin Luther was more than a religious leader, he was a fighter for democracy and nationalism, a humanist who helped to build a competent educational system and a writer whose forceful language helped fix the standards of the modern German language 3) John Calvin (1509-1564) and Calvinism Calvin was a French theologian. His Institutes of the Christian Religion was considered one of the most influential theological works of all times. Presbyterian government Calvinism stressed the absolute authority of the God’s will, holding that only those specially elected by God are saved. Calvinism was one of the main courses of the capitalist spirit 4) Reformation in England p-143 John Knox Scottish Presbyterianism Henry VIII / matrimonial affairs / Catherine Aragon / Anne Boleyn In 1534, the Act of Supremacy marked the formal break of the British with the papal
欧洲文化入门复习题（2、3章） 一：选择（51’） 1:Hebrew---Israelite---Jew Jew---Jewish---Judaism Judaism---Christianity 2:Pentateuch(摩西五经)：Genesis(创世纪)、Exodus(出埃及记)、Leviticus(利未记)、Numbers(民数计)、Deuteronomy(申命记) 3：The fall of man: Adam and Eve、the Garden of Eden 4: Noah’s Ark 5:Moses(a famous Hebrew leader) 、Exodus、40 years、the mountainous Sinai、Ten Commandments 6:While in Babylon in the 6th century B.C., the Hebrews, now known as Jews, formed synagogues(大会堂) to practise their religion. 7:如今有多少犹太人？15 million 8:Jesus 出生地：那瑟勒死亡地：耶路撒冷郊外髑髅地·各各地 Baptism: 30 years、John baptist 9:Diocletian destroyed、Constantine and the Edict of Milan in 133、Theodosius official 10: the new testament(新约)：the birth、teaching、death（The Crucifixion耶稣被钉十字架）、resurrection of Jesus 11：现代英语两大宝库：the English Bible and Shakespeare 12:228 years 13:the Code of Chivalry：to protect the week, to fight for church, to be loyal to his lord, to respect women of noble birth. 14:half civilized Germanic tribes: Visigoths, the Franks, the Angle and Saxons, the Vandals 15:Feudalism(封建主义) the Manor(庄园) serfs(农奴) Charles Martel in 732. 16:After 1054, the Roman Catholic church and Eastern Orthodox church 17:three groups in feudalism: clergy(牧师最高) lords peasants(农民最低) 18：the crusades(十字军) 8 times 200 years By 1291, the moslems had taken over the last Christain stronghold. 19:Emperor of the Romans(神圣罗马皇帝): Charlemagne(查理曼大帝) 20:Alfred the Great(Anglo-Saxdon) contributed to medieval European culture 21:real scientific progress began in the 12th and 13th centuries. Roger bacon(a monk) is an advocate of scientific research.Opus maius, and encyclopedia（自然哲学总则） 22:National Epics: Beowulf(Anglo-saxon/英国) Song of Roland(French/法国) 荷马史诗代表作Iliad(伊利亚特）和Odysse（奥德赛） Geoffrey Chaucer(杰弗里乔叟) and the Canterbury tales(坎特伯雷故事) 23：Romanesque(罗马建筑) Gothic(哥特式建筑)：stained glass windows are the Holy Scriptures 24:哲学三杰（苏格拉底，柏拉图，亚里士多德）顺序不能打乱 二：简答（6道） 1:Two Major Elements in European Culture
第一章希腊罗马文化 希腊罗马文化可以说是欧洲文明的起源，所以这一章节应该是比较重要的章节。我们先看希腊的发展。 希腊文明分为几个时期，她形成于公元前800－500年，经历了古典时代（也就是公元前500到公元前336年）和希腊化时代（也就是公元前336年到公元前31年）。希腊文明达到顶峰是公元前5世纪。公元前146年，希腊被罗马攻克。希腊文明也就被罗马文明所取代。 这段历史的重要大事有： 1、公元前12世纪，随着特洛伊人的入侵，希腊堕入“黑暗时代”。荷马史诗描述的正是希腊人与特洛伊人之间的战争（《以利亚特》和《奥得赛》）。这里要注意的是，荷马史诗描述的时代并非荷马生活的时代。荷马生活在公元前700年。 2、公元前6世纪，希腊世界开始有了全面改变，为后来的古典时代打开了通途。其中两个重要的城邦国家是雅典和斯巴达。雅典发展起一个完全不同类型的社会，公元前594年，梭伦成为雅典的首席执行官，他的贡献在于，在组织上为以后建立著名的雅典民主奠定了基础。雅典之所以在当时拥有卓越的地位，是因为它在打败庞大的波斯帝国这场重大战争中起了最主要的作用。历史之父希罗多德在他的历史书中进行了详尽的描述。 3、由于雅典的不断扩张引起了斯巴达的恐慌，因而在公元前431
年爆发了伯罗奔尼撒战争。战争最终以雅典的失败而告终。修昔底得这位历史上最伟大的历史学家在其作品中，详尽描写了这一战争。 4、伯罗奔尼撒战争后，斯巴达专横跋扈，底比斯和雅典为求相互保护而结成新的联盟。公元前371年，马其顿国王腓力二世打败了底比斯和雅典联军，他的闻名世界的儿子亚历山大大帝统治了希腊。至此，古典时代结束，希腊化时代即将开始。 古典时代的希腊造就了一批哲学家和剧作家。哲学家主要以苏格拉底、柏拉图和亚里士多德为代表。苏格拉底提出自由辩论的重要性。柏拉图的目标是要实现一个既能维持贵族特权，又可为贫苦阶级接受的社会，并构件了唯心主义的根基。亚力士多德寻求自然界和人类社会各个方面的秩序。剧作家有埃斯库罗斯、阿里斯托芬、索福克勒斯。这一时期希腊也造就了像阿基米德和欧几里得这样的数学家，以及像希罗多德和修昔底得这样伟大的历史学家。 希腊的艺术和建筑在神庙上得到最高体现。著名的雅典卫城的圣地帕台侬神庙就是卫雅典娜女神建造的。 接下来我们从希腊文明走向罗马文明。 希腊化时代与罗马时代前期相互交融，最终过渡到罗马时代。罗马时代经历了早期共和国（公元前509－公元前264年）、后期共和国（公元前265－公元前27年）、早期帝国（公元前27年－公元284年）和后期帝国（284－476年）。公元前500年，
2010年10月高等教育自学考试北京市命题考试 欧洲文化入门试卷 第一部分选择题 (共40分2 points each) 1(The Romans conquered Greece in ( A(146 B(C( B(500 B(C( C(700 B(C( D(1200 B(C( 2(The playwright who contributed greatly to Greek tragic art was A(Sophocles B(Aristophanes C(Herodotus D(Homer 3(The greatest of Latin poets was A(Horace B(Virgil C(Homer D(Cicero 4(Daniel was taken prisoner to after the fall of Jerusalem. A(Egypt B(Persia C(Babylon D(Assyria 5(David was ( A(a Hebrew king B(the boy who killed Goliath C(the man who made Jerusalem the capital D(all of the above 6(In the formative period of feudalism, the bishops were themselves A(scholars B(hermits C(feudal lords D(knights 7(As a result of the Crusades，luxuries of the East poured into the West(They were spices( perfume(hand(woven carpets and ( A(tea B(Chinaware C(silk D(silverware 8(Martin Luther held that was the supreme authority( A(the Church B(the Bible C(the Pope D(Jesus 9(Ophelia is a character in Shakespeare’s ( A(Hamlet B(Othello C(Macbeth D(Merchant of Venice 10(The Reformation shattered Medieval Church’s stifling control over man(thus paving the