宾语从句
一、宾语从句的种类
宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或
形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。
1. 由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语
和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：
He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.
She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.
I am sure (that) he will succeed.
2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how 引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe？
He asked whose handwriting was the best.
Can you tell me where the bus stop is？
I don’t know why the trai n is late.
3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句，主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。 Whether, if 在从句中不做句子的成分，一般情况下，whether和if 可以替换。例如：
I want to know if (whether) he lives there.
He asked me whether (if) I could help him.
只能用whether不能用if的情况：
1）在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导
例：Everything depends on whether we have enough money。
2）宾语从句中有or not时不用if引导.
例：I don’t know whether the movie star will come or not.
3）和不定式连用作宾语时不用if引导.
例：Whether to go there or not hasn’t been decided.
二、宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：
I hear (that) physics isn’t easy.
I think (that) you will like this school soon.
Can you tell me how I can get to zoo
三、宾语从句的时态受主句的限制，
既：1. 主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定。
2. 主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。如果从句的动作发生在主
句之前，则从句要用过去完成时态。
例:1） She says that she is a student.
She said that she was a student.
2）She says that she will fly to Japan in a week.
She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.
3）She says that she has finished her homework already.
She said that she had finished her homework already.
3. 如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。
例：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
He told me that Japan is an island country.
四、宾语从句的否定转移
当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that.
主句的谓语动词think, believe, imagine, suppose, consider, expect, fancy, guess等，并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时，从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来，其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致。
I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim, is he
I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend, won't she/he We suppose you have finished the project, haven't you
如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词(不包含带有否定前缀的词，如：unhappy，unfair，dislike等), 其反义疑问句要用肯定形式. We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully, does he
当主句的主语是第二、三人称时，其反义疑问句一般与主句保持一致。
Your sister supposes she needs no help, doesn't she
You thought they could have completed the project, didn't you
They don't believe she's an engineer, do they
She doesn't expect that we are coming so soon, does she
五、宾语从句的简化
1. 当主句谓语动词是hope, decide, wish, choose, agree, promise等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。例如：Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. →Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.
We decided that we would help him. →We decided to help him.
2. 当主句谓语动词是know, learn, remember, forget, tell等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：She has forgotten how she can open the window. →She has forgotten how
to open the window.
注：当主句谓语动词是tell, ask, show, teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：Could you tell me how I can get to the station →Could you tell me how to get to the station
3. 当主句的谓语动词是order（命令），require（需要）等时，如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从句可简化为“名词（代词）+不定式”结构。例如：The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. → The headmaster ordered us to start at once.
4. 某些动词后的宾语从句，可以用介词加动名词（短语）等其他形式简化。例如：
He insisted that he should go with us. →He insisted on going with us.
The poor boy doesn’t know when and where he was born. →The poor boy doesn’t know the time and the place of his birth.
5. 某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语+V-ing形式（作宾语补足语”结构。例如：
Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground. → Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.
6. 动词seem后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式（短语）来简化，但句型需要进行适当的变化。例如：
It seemed that the boys were going to win. →The boys seemed to win.
除上述方法外，还有一些特殊句式的转化。例如：
I found that it was difficult to learn English well. →I found it difficult to learn English well.
Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow. →Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow.
They found that the box was very heavy. →They found the box very heavy. 宾语从句练习
一．用合适的连接词填空
1. Wang Hai told me _____ he didn't go hiking yesterday afternoon.(how, why)
2. Can you tell me ______ else is going to be on duty today (who, whom)
3. She said _____ it wouldn't matter much.(that, if)
4. He always thinks ______ he can do better.(how, who)
5. I really don't know ________ the bridge will be finished.(how long, how soon)
6. They don't know _______ we are going hiking. (when, what)
7. She wanted to know _______ her coat would be ready the next day. (when,
if)
8. I was really surprised at ______ I saw. (what, who)
9. I don't know ______ so many people crowding round him. (how, why)
10. Do you know ______ shirt it is (whose, who's)
二. 选择题
1. I don't know _____ he will be back home.
A. who
B. what
C. when
D. where
2. Could you tell me ___________?
A. where do you live
B. who you are waiting for
C. who were you waiting for
D. where you live in
3. Do you still remember _______?
A. that he said
B. what he said
C. did he say that
D. what did he say
4. I can't understand ______the boy alone.
A. why she left?
B. why did she leave
C. why she had left
D. why had she left
5. She told me the sun ______ in the east.
A. rise
B. rose
C. rises
D. had risen
6. They tried to find out ______ the new train ________.?
A. how far/had gone
B. how long/has gone?
C. how far/went
D. how far had/run
7. The manager came up to see __________.?
A. what was the matter
B. what the matter was?
C. what the matter is
D. what's the matter
8. Can you tell me ___________?
A. where are you doing
B. where do you study
C. where you were doing
D. where you study
9. It’s up to you to decide _______ you’ll go there, by air or by road.
A. how
B. why
C. that
D. when
10. He asked his father _______.?
A. where it happens
B. where did it happen
C. how it happened
D. how did it happen
11. I don’t know when __________.
A. will the train leave
B. the train will leave
C. would the train leave
D. the train leave
12. Could you please teach me _______ the computer.
A. how check
B. to check
C. how to check
D. to how checking
13. ____ he'll come or not isn't important.
A. Why
B. If
C. Whether
D. What
14. Would you like to know _____they will do it or not.
A. if
B. that
C. whether
D. why
15. I want to know_________.
A. what is his name
B. what’s his name
C. that his name is
D. what his name is
16. Our homework has changed a lot. Who can tell ___ it would be like in ____five years.
A. how, another
B. what, more
C. how, other
D. what, another
17. — Could you tell me ______ — Yes. He ____ to the USA.
A. where is he/ has been
B. where he is/ has gone
C. where was he/ has been
D. where he was/ has gone
18. —Mike wants to know if ____ a picnic tomorrow.?
—Yes. But if it _______, we'll visit the museum instead.?
A. you have/ will rain
B. you will have/ will rain
C. you will have/ rains
D. will you have/ rains
19. I don't know if he ______tomorrow. If he ________tomorrow, I'll meet him.
A. will come/ comes
B. comes/ comes
C. will come/ will come
D. comes/ will come
20. I really don't know if she _______ it when she ________.
A. finds/ arrives
B. finds/ will arrive
C. will find/ will arrive
D. will find/ arrives
21. The girls asked if they ____ some food and drink with them.?
A. took
B. take
C. takes
D. will take
22. ---Could you tell me ______ she is looking for？
A. that
B. whose
C. who
D. which
23. Could you tell me _______ the bike this morning？
A. how does he mend
B. how he mends
C. how he mended
D. how did he mend
24. She asked Linda if___ go and get some.?
A. could she
B. she could
C. she can
D. she may?
25. Linda said the moon___ round the earth.?
A. traveled
B. has travelled
C. travells
D. had traveled
26. What did Mike say He said ________.?
A. if you were free the next week
B. what colour was it?
C. the weather is fine
D. summer comes after spring
27. Tom asked my friend ________________.?
A. that the earth is bigger than the moon
B. where was he from?
C. when did he come back
D. not to be so angry
28. Let me tell you ____?
A. how much is the car
B. how much does the car cost?
C. how much did I pay for the car
D. how much I spent on the car
29. Peter knew _______________.?
A. whether he has finished reading the book
B. why the boy had so many questions
C. there were 12 months in a year
D. when they will leave for Paris 30. I hear that he ______ to Beijing yesterday.
A. goes
B. will go
C. went
D. have gone
31. I haven't seen ___________ before.
A. so an interesting film?
B. such an interesting film
C. so interesting film
D. such interesting a film
32. I _________ that we will visit the farm next week.
A. didn't suppose
B. don't suppose
C. never supposed
D. supposed
33. I don’t think he is right, __________？
A. isn’t he
B. is he
C. do I
D. don’t I
34. He believes she is right, __________？
A. doesn’t he
B. does he
C. is she
D. isn’t she
35. I thought that he disliked playing football, __________？
A. didn’t he
B. did he
C. did I
D.
didn’t I