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动词基本形式专项讲解及练习

 动词基本形式专项讲解及练习
 动词基本形式专项讲解及练习

【初中英语】动词基本形式专项讲解及练习

一、动词基本形式

1.—You aren't supposed to smoke in public.It's bad for our health.

—Sorry,I will ______ my cigarette right now.

A. give up

B. put down

C. put out

D. give away

【答案】C

【解析】【分析】句意:——你不应该在公众场所吸烟。这对我们的健康不好。——对不起,我会马上戒掉香烟。give up放弃,戒掉;put down放下;put out扑灭;give away捐赠。根据It's bad for our health.可知吸烟有害健康,因此应戒掉,故选C。

【点评】此题考查动词短语辨析,熟记短语词义,根据语境选择合适的短语。

2.As parents, you should pay more attention to your words, because sometimes they will ________ your child`s schoolwork.

A. influence

B. improve

C. increase

D. require

【答案】 A

【解析】【分析】句意:作为父母,你应该更多得注意你的话,因为有时候它们会影响你的孩子的功课。A. 影响,B. 提高,C. 增长,D. 需要,根据句意可知答案,故选A。

【点评】考查动词辨析。熟记这些动词。

3.Edison ________ the light bulb and Columbus ________ America.

A. discovered; discovered

B. invented; discovered

C. invented; invented

D. discovered; invented

【答案】 B

【解析】【分析】句意:爱迪生发明了灯泡,哥伦布发现了美洲。“发明”为invent,主要指发明世界上原本不存在的东西;“发现”discover,表示发现客观上已存在的事物。故选B。

【点评】本题考查动词辨析,注意理解选项意思,理解句意。

4.The child doesn't need any help. He is old enough to himself.

A. put on

B. wear

C. dress

D. take care

【答案】C

【解析】【分析】句意:这个孩子不需要任何帮助,他足够大去自己穿衣服。put on“穿上”,强调动作;wear“穿着”, 强调状态;dress“穿着;打扮”,其宾语为人;take care后接宾语时,必须加of。dress oneself意为“穿衣服”。故答案为C。

【点评】考查动词和动词短语辨析。

5.My sister used to _____ thin and short, but now she is tall.

A. be

B. was

C. has

D. have

【答案】 A

【解析】【分析】根据thin and short又瘦又矮,可知此处填动词be。used to do sth.过去常常做某事。故选A。

【点评】考查动词原形。

6.—Look! Smiths are playing basketball

—Let's them.

A. The; join in

B. The; join

C. A; join in

D. A; join

【答案】 B

【解析】【分析】句意:——看!史密斯一家正在打篮球。——让我们加入他们的行列吧。冠词作为一种虚词,只能和名词一起使用。英语中的冠词分为不定冠词和定冠词。不定冠词有两个,a和an,a用在辅音音素开头的单词前面,an用于以元音音素开头的单词前。不定冠词用在单数可数名词前面,表示这个人或事物是泛指的不确定的一个,相当于中文的“一个”。定冠词和名词连用,表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。Let sb do sth让某人做某事。姓氏的复数形式前面上定冠词,表示该姓夫妇或该姓一家人。join指加入某组织并成为其中一员,join in一般指参加活动:不过不是很大型的。所以选B。

7.You are to type quickly when talking to each other on QQ so the other person doesn't get bored.

A. suggested

B. supported

C. taught

D. supposed

【答案】 D

【解析】【分析】句意:在QQ上聊天时你打字应该快一点,这样对方才不会感到无聊。A 建议,B支持,C教,D应该。根据the other person doesn't get bored.对方才不会感到无聊,可知建议打字应该快一些;固定搭配be supposed to do sth.应该做某事。故选D。

【点评】本题考查动词辨析,注意掌握固定搭配be supposed to do sth.应该做某事。

8.—Have you ever read the novel by the young writer?

—No. But I hear it's very interesting.

A. written

B. write

C. to write

D. writing

【答案】 A

【解析】【分析】句意:——你读过那位年轻作家写的小说吗?——没有,但是听说很有趣。novel与write之间是逻辑上的被动关系,所以用过去分词作定语。故答案为A。

【点评】考查过去分词的用法。

9.—What did Mr. Zhang say?

—He the results of the game.

A. developed

B. divided

C. announced

D. created

【答案】 C

【解析】【分析】句意:——张老师说了什么?——他宣布了比赛结果。A发展、增强,B 分成,C宣布,D创造。根据名词result结果,可知应该是“宣布”结果。故选C。

【点评】本题考查动词辨析,注意理解选项意思,理解句意。

10.It was her _____ performance(表演). Her successful career _____ only 10 years.

A. last, last

B. last, lasted for

C. lasted, lasted

D. lasted, lasted for

【答案】 B

【解析】【分析】这是一道考查一个词不同词性辨析以及介词应用的选择题。

句意:这是她最后的表演。她成功的事业持续了有十年。由句意知,第一个空应填一个形容词,修饰表演,故填last,最后的。第二个空应填动词,且表示过去的某一时间段内,经常或习惯性的动作,应填lasted。持续的动作用for加一段时间来修饰,故填lasted for。故选B。

【点评】本题需要考生熟练掌握同一词语的不同词性,在学习中可以拓宽知识以便了解。

11.—Come home before dinner time, Peter!

—I ______, Mom.

A. promise

B. guess

C. wish

D. admire

【答案】A

【解析】【分析】句意:——彼得,晚饭时间之前回家!——妈妈,我保证。promise许诺,保证;guess猜测;wish希望; admire羡慕;根据Come home before dinner time,Peter!可知妈妈要求彼得晚饭前回来,所以这里彼得要答应她,故应是保证回来,故选A。

【点评】此题考查动词辨析,注意意义相近的动词词义辨析,根据语境选择合适的动词。

12.Seeing their teacher into the classroom,they stopped at once.

A. walk; telling

B. entering; to speak

C. enter; to tell

D. walking; talking

【答案】 D

【解析】【分析】句意:看到他们的老师走进教室,他们立刻停止了谈话。see sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事,走进用walk into; stop doing sth.停止正在做的事,stop to do sth,停下去做某事。谈话是他们正在做的事情,看见老师就停下不说,用stop doing sth。故选D。

【点评】本题考查动词辨析和固定搭配,注意掌握see sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事和stop引导的固定搭配。

13.Mary is tired of learning because she is ________ to do better than she can, both at school and at home.

A. thought

B. expected

C. hoped

D. helped

【答案】 B

【解析】【分析】句意:玛丽疲于学习,因为她在家里和学校被期待着做得更好。think不跟不定式;expect sb to do sth期望某人做某事;hope to do希望做某事,无hope sb.to do sth.的搭配,也无此类被动语态。help 帮助。根据句意可知选B。

【点评】考查动词辨析。

14.The box is used to collect waste which can be__________, such as bottles and paper.

A. recycled

B. repaired

C. reported

D. reviewed

【答案】A

【解析】【分析】句意:这个盒子用来收集可以回收的废物,比如瓶子和纸。recycle 回收、repair 维修,report 报告,reweiw检查,复习。根据句意,故答案为A。

【点评】考查动词词义辨析。注意牢记单词的词义和拼写。

15.Finish your homework first, then you'll ______watch TV for an hour.

A. can

B. be able to

C. able to

D. could

【答案】 B

【解析】【分析】句意:首先要完成你的作业,然后你才可以看一小时的电视。can,表示具备某种能力,could为can的过去式,be able to能,表示可以做……。完成作业就可以看电视,用be able to do sth,故选B。

【点评】考查情态动词的辨析,注意 can , be able to , able to和could 的不同用法。

16.— Mom, you look so tired. Let me ________ your some tea.

—Thank you very much.

A. take

B. fetch

C. carry

【答案】B

【解析】【分析】句意:---妈妈,你看起来太累了,让我去给你弄点茶来吧。---非常感谢。take带走;fetch去取来;carry携带;手提肩挑,无方向性。根据句意,故答案为B。【点评】考查动词辨析。熟记单词的意思,根据句子语境确定答案。

17.My parents said they would come to visit me. I couldn't to see them after several months away from home.

A. wait

B. help

C. expect

D. afford

【答案】A

【解析】【分析】句意:我父母说,他们要来看我。远离家几个月之后,我迫不及待的想

见他们。A,wait等待,B,help帮助。C,expect期望。D,afford买得起。根据题意can’t wait to do迫不及待的做某事。故选A

【点评】本题考查动词词义辨析。以及wait、help、except、afford四个次的词义和用法。

18.一Long time no see!

— Oh, it ____________ like years since I last saw you.

A. looks

B. seems

C. feels

【答案】 B

【解析】【分析】句意:——很久不见了。——哦,自从上次见到你好像有几年了。look like看起来像;seem like似乎;feel like想要。故选B。

【点评】考查动词辨析。

19.— Food safety has become a social focus now.

— That's why laws are made to crimes on food.

A. record

B. prevent

C. divide

D. separate

【答案】 B

【解析】【分析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:-食品安全现在已经变成了一个社会的焦点问题。-那就是为什么要制定法律来阻止事物犯罪。A. record 记录;B. prevent 阻止;C. divide 把……分成; D.separate分离,分开。根据句意可知,制定法律是为了阻止食品犯罪,故应

选B。

20.—Alex, why didn't you answer my call at nine last night?

—Sorry. I ___ my mobile phone at home. I ___ basketball in the park with my friends.

A. forgot; played

B. forgot; was playing

C. left; played

D. left; was playing

【答案】 D

【解析】【分析】句意:——莱克斯,昨晚九点你为什么不接我的电话?——抱歉,我的

手机落在家,我和朋友在公园打篮球。leave+地点,主要强调把某物落在某个地方,本题

的第一个空强调手机落在家里,所以本空上填left,由题中的at nine,可知过去具体时刻

是过去进行时,表示在那时我正在打篮球,故选D。

【点评】考查时态,注意过去进行时的用法。

21.Some people buy stamps not for sending letters now. They ________ them as their hobby.

A. sell

B. design

C. receive

D. collect

【答案】D

【解析】【分析】句意:现在一些人买邮票不是为了发信。他们收集邮票作为爱好。A. sell 卖;B. design设计;C. receive收到;D. collect收集。结合句意,可知是集邮,故选D。

【点评】考查动词辨析,结合句意选择合适的动词。

22.—I'm sorry I ________ my exercise book at home this morning.

—It doesn't matter.Don't forget ________ it here this afternoon.

A. left; to take

B. forgot; bringing

C. left; to bring

D. forgot; to bring

【答案】C

【解析】【分析】句意:﹣对不起,今天早晨我把作业本忘在家里了.﹣没关系,不要忘

了今天下午带来。根据关键词I'm sorry,可知是把作业本忘在家里了,leave,把某物忘在

某地;forget to do sth,忘记做某事;bring,带来;take,带走;故选C。

【点评】考查固定搭配forget to do sth,动词take与bring辨析。

23.The boy _____ his hand and asked if the sun ______ in the east every day.

A. rose, rises

B. raised, raised

C. raised, rises

D. rises, raised

【答案】 C

【解析】【分析】句意:男孩举起手问太阳是否每天都从东方升起。一般事物自身可以升高,上升的,常用rise,例如太阳东升、河水上涨。而raise一般是人为地让事物升高,例如

举起胳膊、提高薪水等。根据句意,故选C。

【点评】考查动词辨析,rise自动升起,raise外力使升起。

24.Roy works in London. It _________him about half an hour to get to work by bus every day.

A. costs

B. spends

C. takes

【答案】 C

【解析】【分析】句意:Roy在伦敦工作。每天大约花他半个小时的时间坐公共汽车去上班。cost、spend和take都是花费的意思,根据固定句式,It takes sb. some time to do sth.,

花费某人多少时间做某事,故选C。

【点评】考查动词辨析,熟记此句式。

25.—Her father tried to ______ that nothing unusual had happened.

—In fact, it was not serious.

A. imagine

B. pretend

C. mean

D. warn

【答案】B

【解析】【分析】句意:——她的父亲努力假装没有什么不寻常的事发生。——事实上,

那不严重。imagine想想;pretend假装;mean意味着;warn警告。根据it was not serious.

可知事情不严重,因此假装没有发生过,故选B。

【点评】此题考查动词的辨析。

二、定语从句

26.My favorite actor is Jackie Chan _____is from China.

A.who B.whom C.whose

【答案】A

【解析】

句意:我最喜欢的演员是成龙,他来自中国。who关系代词,引导定语从句,先行词是人,在从句中作主语或宾语;whom也可以引导定语从句,先行词是人,在从句中作宾语;whose…的。根据句意可知,这个引导词指代的是Jackie Cheney,并在从句中作主语,故应选A。

27.--What do you think of the Sun Island? Is it worth visiting?

--Of course. It’s one of the best places I have ever been to.

A.which B.that C.who

【答案】B

【解析】

句意:你认为Sun Island怎样?它值得参观吗?——当然,它是我去过的最好的地方之一。考察定语从句that的用法。当先行词前边有最高级时,关系词用that。故选B

28.Tommy couldn't stop thinking about the boy ______ made him a fool in front of the whole class.

A.whom B.which C.who

【答案】C

【解析】

句意:Tommy不禁想起了那个使他在全班面前出丑的那个男孩。此处的定语从句,修饰先行词the boy,关系代词在定语从句中作主语,故用who,故选C。

29.--I’ve been thinking about those questions you asked me last week.

--Oh, really? Have you got any valuable idea?

A.which B.who C.what D.why

【答案】A

【解析】

句意:——我一直在思考那些你上周问的那些问题。——哦,真的吗?你有任何宝贵的意见吗?which引导定语从句,作主语或宾语,修饰事物。who引导定语从句,作主语,修饰人;what位于名词性从句中做主语,宾语,表语,表示事物;why引导定语从句,作状语,修饰表示原因的名词。先行词questions表示事,故用代词which引导定语从句,故选A。

30.I like the teacher is strict with us.

A.that B.whom C.whose

【答案】A

【解析】

句意:我喜欢对我们严格的老师。that是关系代词,可以引导定语从句,在从句中做主语或宾语,先行词可以是人,也可以是物;whom是关系代词,引导定语从句,在从句中做宾语,先行词是人;whose…的,也可以引导定语从句,后面修饰名词。这个定语从句中缺少主语,故应选A。

31.—Why don't you like fishing?

—Fishing is a hobby____needs much patience,but I'm not patient at all.

A.that B.who C.whom D.Where

【答案】A

【解析】

试题分析:句意:——你为什么不喜欢钓鱼?——钓鱼是一项需要许多耐心的爱好,但是我一点耐心都没有。本题考查定语从句。先行词 hobby (爱好)指事物,关系代词应用that 或which.故选A项。

考点:考查定语从句的用法

32. Running man is a very relaxing TV program_______is hot among the young people. A.what B.which C.who D.whom

【答案】B

【解析】

【分析】

【点评】定语从句要注意先行词是人还是物,从而选出合适的关系代词.

【详解】

试题分析:定语从句中先行词为物,关系代词用that或which.what不引导定语从句,who/whom的先行词是人;根据 a very relaxing TV program可知,先行词是物,故选B.

33.“What are you doing?” “We are talking about the books and writers ___ we like.”

A.that B.which C.who D.whom

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】

句意:“你们在做什么?我们在谈论我们喜欢的书籍和作家。”。考查定语从句的引导词用法。本句的定语从句的先行词是book书和writer人,所以关系代词用that,故选A。

【点睛】

定语从句中用that不用which的情况有:1)当先行词是all, everything, something, nothing,

anything等不定代词时;2)当先行词前面有序数词或者形容词最高级作定语修饰时;3)先行词既有人也有物时;4)当先行词前面有the very,the only修饰时。

34.一Which song do you like better.Maria?

一I prefer the song Manual of Youth ______ is sung by TFBOYS.

A.who B.whom C.which D./

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】

C 考查定语从句的引导词。句意:—Maria,你更喜欢哪首歌?—我喜欢TFBOYS唱的《青春修炼手册》。分析句子结构,本句中的 is sung by TFBOYS在复合句中作定语从句,其中先行词 the song Manual of Youth 指物,且在定语从句中作逻辑主语,所以关系代词用which.故选C.

【点睛】

完成定于从句的关键是分析先行词指人还是指物,以及其在定语从句中做什么句子成分.

35.That was his first invention. It was a machine ________ clothes.

A.that used to wash B.which was used to washing

C.which got used to washing D.that was used to wash

【答案】D

【解析】

【详解】

句意:那是他的第一个发明。那是一台用来洗衣服的机器。本题考查的是be used to do sth. “被用于做某事”的用法,而不是be/get used to doing sth. “习惯于做某事”的用法,排除

B/C;再由That was his first invention.可知,本题是过去时,因此在that引导的定语从句中,应该用一般过去时的被动句。was used to wash被用来洗衣服,语境是:那是一台被用来洗衣服的机器。故选D。

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