俄译汉笔译基础知识-1
第一部分：对俄语词汇的处理
一、根据上下文确定原文词义：
1、因为俄语词汇往往是一词多义，所以在理解和翻译时必须要总揽全局，按照上下文来判
断一个词的具体含义。例如：
①Поезд тронулся, а провожающие долго стояли на перроне и гляделиему вслед.
火车开动了,送行的人们仍久久地留在站台上，望着远去的火车。
②Глядяна отца, Нина полюбила порядок.
尼娜学着父亲的样子，也喜欢上了有条理的生活。
注解：如果把例②中的Глядя也译为“望着”就错了：似乎只有当尼娜看着父亲时才喜欢有条理的生活，其它时间则不。而原文并不是这个意思。从上下文来看，这里的глядеть на кого是“向某人学”的意思。
③Музыка - это прежде всеговысокаякультура. Это не массовая культура.
音乐艺术首先是一种高雅文化，而非大众文化。
④Необходимосдетствавоспитыватькультуруповедениявобщественныхместах.
必须从小培养在公共场所举止文明的习惯。
⑤Местные жители хорошо знают культуру шелкопряда.
当地居民精通养蚕技术。
⑥Мы расширим площадь под зерновыми культурамина 300 гектаров.
我们将把谷物种植面积扩大300公顷。
注解：以上四例说明，在不同的上下文中культура 一词具有完全不同的含义，因此在翻译成汉语时就要作相应的词义处理。
2、一些俄语词本身虽是单义的，但含义比较笼统概括，这类俄语词汇往往相当于汉语里一个以上的词，即当它与某些词搭配时，相当于汉语的某个词；而它与别的词搭配时，则又相当于汉语中的另外一个词。例如：
①Россия была отсталойаграрнойстраной.
俄国曾是一个落后的农业国。
②Аграрная реформа освободила производительные силы.
土地改革解放了生产力。
注解：上面两句都有аграрный 一词，按照原文辞典的解释，аграрный 是земельный,связанный с землепользованием, 它的词义相当概括。所以，根据不同的上下文，在上面两句中被分别译为“农业”和“土地”。当然，在其它语境下还可译为“农村”。
小结：正确地理解每个俄语词汇的词义（当然还有语法关系）是正确理解原文的前提。翻译时为了能准确地判断词义，应在以下两方面做出努力：第一，勤查字典，尤其是原文字典。切忌“望文生义”，或过分相信根据已学过的有限语言材料，而形成对每个俄语词词义的狭隘理解。勤查俄语原文字典可以帮助自己领会多义词在不同上下文中的具体含义；勤查俄汉字典则可以迅速找到相应的汉语表述手段，即使不是现成的译法，也会对选择恰当的译法有所启发。翻译过程中对俄语词义的错误理解，往往是疏于查字典所致。
第二，根据上下文仔细推敲，进行逻辑推理，这是确定词义过程中的一个极为重要的步骤。在这里尤其要强调一点即：正确对待局部与整体的关系，切忌孤立地对待某个语言现象。
附俄语词汇理解、翻译练习：
请将以下俄文句子译成汉语，注意标红词汇的含义
①Красныевступили в село.
②Краснаяценабелого халата: врачи получают от 700 грн., до $2 тыс.
③Правда, современный школьник знает, чтокрасная строка - это небольшой
отступ от левого поля…
④Раньше красной рыбойназывали самую ценную и вкусную рыбу...
⑤Очень красно написанное письмо.
⑥Долг платежом красен.
⑦Пуститькрасногопетуха.
⑧Весна краснацветами, а осень пирогами.
哲学Philosophy 马克思主义哲学Philosophy of Marxism 中国哲学Chinese Philosophy 外国哲学Foreign Philosophies 逻辑学Logic 伦理学Ethics 美学Aesthetics 宗教学Science of Religion 科学技术哲学Philosophy of Science and Technology 经济学Economics 理论经济学Theoretical Economics 政治经济学Political Economy 经济思想史History of Economic Thought 经济史History of Economic 西方经济学Western Economics 世界经济World Economics 人口、资源与环境经济学Population, Resources and Environmental Economics 应用经济学Applied Economics 国民经济学National Economics 区域经济学Regional Economics 财政学（含税收学）Public Finance (including Taxation) 金融学（含保险学）Finance (including Insurance) 产业经济学Industrial Economics 国际贸易学International Trade 劳动经济学Labor Economics 统计学Statistics 数量经济学Quantitative Economics 中文学科、专业名称英文学科、专业名称 国防经济学National Defense Economics 法学Law 法学Science of Law 法学理论Jurisprudence 法律史Legal History 宪法学与行政法学Constitutional Law and Administrative Law 刑法学Criminal Jurisprudence 民商法学(含劳动法学、社会保障法学) Civil Law and Commercial Law (including Science of Labour Law and Science of Social Security Law ) 诉讼法学Science of Procedure Laws
《汉英翻译教程》－作者不详，在此致谢！ 第一章 词的选择 词义的正确选择首先取决于对原文的确切理解，而对原文词义的确切理解又取决于对原文上下文的推敲。有些词看起来很简单，翻译时一下子就会想到常用的对应词。但又是最常用的对应词却不能准确地表达原作的意思。例如： 还要努力读一点历史和小说。 We should also find time to read some history books and novels. 这里“努力”一词理解为“挤出时间”是对的，如译为make an effort，则会使人误解为我们文化水平低，读历史和小说很费力。 再比如“水平”一词译成英语，不一定都是level, 要根据句子的含义确定译法。 1．他的英语水平比我的高。 He knows more English than I. 这里，汉语“水平”一词虽未译出，但其以已含在句子中。若照汉语字面应译成：The level of his English is higher than that of mine.就不符合英语表达习惯。 2．要奋发图强，把我军的军政素质提高到一个新的水平……。 We must work hard to r aise to a new height the military and political quality of our army……. 这里“水平”指高度，故译作height，和动词搭配也比较顺。 3．各级领导干部必须提高领导水平。 Cadres at all levels should improve their art of leadership. 这里的“领导水平”，实际上指领导能力、领导艺术、故译作art of leadership. 以上的例子说明一个词的具体含义往往要结合上下文才能确定，在翻译的时候也只有结合上下文来考虑怎样处理这个词，才能译得准确。因此在辨析词义和正确选词时可注意下列几种情况。 （一）注意词的广义与狭义 英语中有不少同义词的词义有广、狭之区别，运用范围也就各不相同。例如 1．农业是国民经济的基础。 Agriculture is the foundation of the national economy. 原文“农业”一词是广义，指一切农业经济（农、牧、林、渔），古译作agriculture。但在“农林牧副渔结合的方针”中，农与林木副渔并立，是指耕作的农业，不是指整个农业经济，古译作farming。整个词组应译为the principle of combining farming, forestry, animal husbandry, side-occupations and fishery. 2．他从不喝酒。 He never touches wine. 原文“酒”是指一切酒类，故译作wine。但在“他不喝烈性酒”一句中，“酒”是狭义，是和淡性酒相对而言的，又需译作spirits。 （二）注意词义的强弱 3．反动派的暴行激起了人民的极大愤怒。 The atrocities of the reactionaries roused the people to great indignation. 这里的“愤怒”含义强烈，故在译文中选用了indignation,而不用anger. 4．孙中山是个好人。 Dr. Sun Y et-sen was a man of integrity. 如果译作a good man, 则与这位伟大的革命先行者的身份不相称。 （三）注意词义的褒贬
Exercise 1 1.As holidays go, Thanksgiving is in some ways the most philosophical. 2.Today we try not to take for granted the things we almost always take for granted. 3.We try, if only in that brief pause before the eating begins, to see through the well-worn patterns of our lives to what lies behind them. 4.In other words, we try to understand how very rich we are, whether we feel very rich or not. 5.Today is one of the few times most Americans consciously set desire aside, if only because desire is incompatible with the gratitude--- not to mention the abundance--- that Thanksgiving summons. 2.在众多节日中，感恩节是最令人深思的节日。今天，我们会把平时习以为常 的事看得很珍贵。至少会在饭前的片刻，看透一成不变的生活，悟出背后的道理。换句话说，无论我们觉得自己是贫是富，我们总是把自己看得很富有，今天，难得大多数美国人会有意识地把欲望放置一边，至少拥有一颗感恩的心，更不用说是一顿丰盛的晚宴了。这时欲望光临便显得格格不入了。Exercise 2 It should have been easy. They were battle-tested veterans with long ties to Reagan and even longer ties to the Republican party, men who understood presidential politics as well as any in the country. The backdrop of the campaign was hospitable, with lots of good news to work with: America was at peace, and the nation’s economy, a key factor in any election,was rebounding vigorously after recession. Furthermore, the campaign itself was lavishly financed,with plenty of money for a top-flight staff, travel, and television commercials. And, most important, their candidate was Ronald Reagan, a president of tremendous personal popularity and dazzling communication skills. Reagan has succeed more than any president since John F. Kennedy in projecting a broad vision of America –a nation of renewed military strength, individual initiative, and smaller federal government. 这应该是一件容易的事。他们是跟随里根多年，久经沙场的老将，与共和党是有着更深的渊源，是这个国家最熟悉总统政治的人。精选的背景也很有利，有很多的新闻可以炒作。例如：美国上下一片和平，国家经济，竞选的一个关键因素也在经过一段时间的衰退之后进行强有力的反弹。还有，这次竞选本身就收到了慷慨资助，可以比较充裕地培养一流竞选班子，支付巡回演讲以及电视广告的
第三章名词的抽象和具体译法第一节名词的抽象译法(p68) 粗枝大叶to be crude and careless (with big branches and large leaves) 海阔天空to talk with random( with a vast sea and boundless sky) 灯红酒绿dissipated and luxurious (with red lights and green wine) 纸醉金迷of life of luxury and dissipation (with drunken paper and bewitched gold) 单枪匹马to be single-handed in doing sth (with a solitary spear and a single horse) 赤胆忠心ardent loyalty (with red gut and heart) 无孔不入to take advantage of every weakness (to get into every hole) 扬眉吐气to feel proud and elated (to raise the eyebrows and let out a breath) 开门见山to come straight to the point (to open the door and see the mountain) 大张旗鼓on a large and spectacular scale (to make a great array of flags and drums) 风雨飘摇(of a situation) being unstable (the wind and rain are rocking) 二．翻译下列句子 （1）这是他们夫妻之间的事情，你去插一脚干吗？ That’s a business of their own, between husband and wife. Why should you get involved in? （2）别人家里鸡零狗碎的事情你都知道得这么全，真是个顺风耳啊！ You know all the bits and pieces of trifles of other families. You are really well informed. （3）这消息让我出了一身冷汗。 I’m extremely terrified by the news. （4）她毛遂自荐来这所小学做老师。 She volunteered for the teaching post in this primary school. （5）我不敢班门弄斧，诚望您发表高见。 I dare not show off in the presence of（在……面前）an expert. I hope you would be kind enough to enlighten（启发，启蒙）us on this matter. （6）敌军闹得全村鸡犬不宁。 The enemy troops threw the whole village into great disorder. （7）敌军军官听说后路已被切断，吓得目瞪口呆。 The enemy officer was stunned by the news that the route of retreat had been cut off. （8）这些问题盘根错节，三言两语说不清楚。 These problems are too complicated to be explained clearly in a few words.
From English to Chinese [1] Brilliant autumn foliage frames this scenic driveway in Eastern Canada. [ 1 ]金灿灿的秋叶构成了加拿大东部风景优美的车道。 [2]Ukrainian Canadian folk dancers pose before a statue of Taras Shevchenko, national poet of the Ukraine, on the grounds of the Manitoba Legislative Building in Winnibeg. [ 2 ]乌克兰裔加拿大民间舞者在温尼伯马尼托巴省议会大厦旁的乌克兰民族诗人塔拉斯·谢甫琴科塑像前摆跳舞。 [3] The site of Expo ’67 in Montreal, Quebec. [ 3 ]1967年世博会在魁北克蒙特利尔市举行。 [4] The Canada goose-possibly the most famous game bird in the world. [ 4 ]加拿大鹅可能是世界上最著名的猎禽。 [5] Workers at an oil in Hunt Boulder, British Columbia. [ 5 ]英国哥伦比亚波尔德的石油工人。 [6] Wide-angle view of the Senate during opening ceremonies of Parliament, with Supreme Court judges in centre. [ 6 ]在议会开幕式上，参议院以最高法院法官为中心的广角视角。 [7] A lab technician conducting a biochemical analysis. [ 7 ]进行生化分析的实验室技术员。 [8] Rich farmland of Prince Edward Island, dotted with small, attractive villages like Hunter River. [ 8 ]爱德华王子岛富饶的农田中间点缀着像亨特河这样小而迷人的村庄。 [9] Young Family being processed through the immigration area of a Canadian airport. [ 9 ]正在加拿大机场移民区等待处理的年轻家庭。
翻译硕士（MTI）（英语笔译）（学科专业代码：580100） 一、学位名称 翻译硕士专业学位（英语笔译） 二、培养目标 1.培养德智体全面发展的人才。要求学生有坚定正确的政治方向，热爱祖国，有理想，遵纪守法，有敬业精神，有职业道德，有团队合作精神，有健康的体魄和心智。 2.掌握一门第二外国语；培养有国际视野、交流才能和创新意识的具有坚实的双语基础、专业知识和口笔译技能，适应国家经济、文化、社会发展需要的高层次、应用型、专业性笔译人才。 三、学习年限 2年 四、培养方式 1.实行学分制。学生须通过学校规定课程的考试，成绩及格即取得相应学分；修满规定学分后可撰写学位论文；学位论文经答辩通过可申请翻译硕士专业学位。 2.实行导师组集体指导制。导师组由校内导师及社会翻译专家共同构成。 3.试行课内教学与课外实践相结合的培养模式。学生在完成规定课程学习的基础上，还应充分利用寒、暑假及课余完成大约十万字的笔译实践。 五、课程类型及学分 总学分：30 学分 其中，学位基础课： 3门课 6学分 专业必修程： 4门课 8学分 专业选修课： 7门课 14学分 社会实践与学术会议：提交4篇相关论文 2学分鼓励学生参加国家人事部II级或教育部中级笔译资格证书考试，获证书者计2学分。 六、学位论文及学位授予 学生修满规定学分，各科成绩合格，在导师指导下撰写出学位论文并通过答辩，准予毕业
并发给翻译硕士专业学位研究生毕业证书，符合《中华人民共和国学位条例》者，授予翻译硕士专业学位。论文形式二选一：研究论文或实践报告，二者均要求用英语写作，前者字数一万至一万五，后者八千左右。 七、学位论文撰写时间安排 6月答辩时间安排 12月答辩时间安排 八、课程设置
高级笔译第八章作业-标准化文件发布号：（9456-EUATWK-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DDQTY-KII
高级笔译第八章作业：文学原著翻译/ 1. 英译汉：And what a view it was! Or rather, what a succession of views. For it was different every day; and without stirring from the house one had the impression of an incessant change of scene: all the delights of travel without its fatigues. There were autumn days when all the valleys were filled with mist and the crests of Apennines rose darkly out of a flat white lake. There were days when the mist invaded even our hilltop and we were enveloped in a soft vapor in which the mist-colored olive trees, that sloped away below our windows towards the valley, disappeared as though into their own spiritual essence; and the only firm and definite things in the small, dim world within which we found ourselves confined were the two tall black cypresses growing on a little projecting terrace a hundred feet down the hill. Black, sharp, and solid, they stood there, twin pillars of Hercules at the extremity of the known universe; and beyond them there was only pale cloud and round them only the cloudy olive trees. 多美的风景啊！或者说，多壮观的风景线啊！每一天都是不同的。平静所有的激动，从小屋望去，不断变化的风景会给你留下深刻的印象，让你感受到旅行中所有的乐趣都没有疲倦。秋天，薄雾笼罩着所有的山谷。亚宁平山脉倒映在一滩浅浅的湖泊里，泛着白光的湖面上，山峰若隐若现。有时，薄雾甚至袭上我们所在的小山顶，将我们包围在一片柔和的雾气中。从我们窗户俯看，山谷周围，斜坡上的橄榄树也染上了雾色，随后渐渐消失，像是进入了它们的精神核心世界。然而，在这将我们围困，狭小模糊的世界里，只有两棵高大的黑柏树，坚定且清晰的屹立着。它们生长在离山坡100英尺，一块小小凸出的梯田上。漆黑，挺拔，结实的身姿，就像两根大力神殿的顶梁柱，伫立在浩瀚宇宙的尽头。在它们之外，只剩下暗淡的云雾；围绕着它们的，也只是朦胧的橄榄树。 2. 汉译英 祖厉河上游，过去没有清泉水。河水是苦的，井水也是苦的。人们世世代代喝着苦水，五脏六腑都被苦水的咸涩味儿浸透了。有谁想要喝一点甜水，就得到一百里以外的地方去取。提来一桶水，看得比琼浆玉液还珍贵。 村落里不知从什么时代起，便流传下来两句隐语，说是： “要吃甜水并不难，石羊出世吐清泉！” 可是，石羊是什么宝物它藏在什么地方谁也不知道。直到金钻出世以后，这“石羊吐清泉”的奇迹，才终于出现了。 In the past, the upper reaches of the Zhu Li River never have tasty clear spring. The water from the river is bitter as well as wells. Local people drink the bitter water age after age with their entrails soaked deeply by the taste of salty and bitter. Anybody who wants to drink a drop of sweet water has to go more than one hundred li to get it, so that a pail of it is regarded more valuable than nectar. Without knowing the specific time, there are two enigmatic sentences passed down in village. They are: “It is not difficulty to have sweet water. When stone carving sheep comes into the world, it will bring tasty clear spring.” However, what is this stone carving sheep
中国教育在线考研频道提供考研全方面信息指导及咨询服务，为您成功考研提供一切帮助。 哲学Philosophy 马克思主义哲学Philosophy of Marxism 中国哲学Chinese Philosophy 外国哲学Foreign Philosophies 逻辑学Logic 伦理学Ethics 美学Aesthetics 宗教学Science of Religion 科学技术哲学Philosophy of Science and Technology 经济学Economics 理论经济学Theoretical Economics 政治经济学Political Economy 经济思想史History of Economic Thought 经济史History of Economic 西方经济学Western Economics 世界经济World Economics 人口、资源与环境经济学Population, Resources and Environmental Economics 应用经济学Applied Economics 国民经济学National Economics 区域经济学Regional Economics 财政学（含税收学）Public Finance (including Taxation) 金融学（含保险学）Finance (including Insurance) 产业经济学Industrial Economics 国际贸易学International Trade 劳动经济学Labor Economics 统计学Statistics 数量经济学Quantitative Economics 中文学科、专业名称英文学科、专业名称 国防经济学National Defense Economics 法学Law 法学Science of Law 法学理论Jurisprudence 法律史Legal History 宪法学与行政法学Constitutional Law and Administrative Law 刑法学Criminal Jurisprudence
第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译 第一节翻译中的选义 一、结合语境选择较贴切的译文 1. b 2. a 3. b 4. a 二、译出下列词语，注意词语的不同搭配 1． a swarm of bees a brood of chickens a litter of pups 2. a bevy of beautiful ladies a pack of hounds a team of ducks a herd of antelopes 3. unfailing support proactive fiscal policy make effective use of overseas resources 4. make a phone call take a taxi knit a woolen sweater fetch water play basketball spray insecticide 5. basic wage capital construction essential commodity primary industry fundamental interest 三、翻译下列句子，注意画线词语的理解 1. The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern 2. Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the general public. 3. They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan. 4. Everyone complained against such a practice. 5. They had a dispute at the meeting. 6. You should follow the doctor's advice. 7. They reached a consensus on this issue. 8. There is still some unfinished business to settle. 9. We have consulted him about the matter. 10. Please go back. There is nothing of your concern now 第二节翻译中的选词 一、翻译下列各句，注意词的选择和搭配。 1. That depends upon circumstances. 2. This state of affairs must be changed. 3. How do matters stand with them?
“七夕”——中国的情人节 Qixi - Chinese Valentine’s Day 农历七月初七（2006年是7月31日）是中国的传统节日——“七夕”。“夕”的意思是“夜”。为什么七夕是中国的情人节呢？这有一个关于牛郎和织女的动人故事。 The seventh day of the seventh month of lunar calendar ( it is 31st, July in 2006 ) is Chinese traditional festival - “Qixi”. “Xi” means “night”. Why Qixi is Chinese Valentine’s Day? There is a moved story about Niulang - the cow herd and Zhinv - the weaver. 传说，牛郎是人间的青年农民，救过一头神牛。织女是天上王母娘娘的孙女，有一天，天上的织女们来到人间游玩，还跑到河里洗澡，那头神牛让牛郎拿走了第七个织女的衣服。织女在寻找衣服的过程中爱上了牛郎，他们结为夫妻，男耕女织，过着幸福的生活。王母娘娘知道了这件事，非常生气，强迫织女跟她回到天上。牛郎追了上来，眼看着就要追上了，王母娘娘拔下头上的银簪子*在身后划了一下，立刻，牛郎与织女之间出现了一条大河，这就是天上的银河，也就是西方所说的“奶路”(Milky Way)。结果牛郎和织女无情地隔开。后来，他们的爱情感动了喜鹊，每年七夕，所有的喜鹊都飞过来，在银河上搭起一座桥，让牛郎和织女在鹊桥相会。 It was said that Niulang was a terrestrial young farmer, he once saved a bull. Zhinv was the grandson of Wangmuniangniang - the Queen Mother of the West. One day, the weavers from the heaven came to the earth for fun. They went to the river for shower. The bull let Niulang take away the seventh weaver’s clothes. The weaver fell in love with Niulang while she was finding her clothes. They got married. They lived a happy life that Niulang did the farm work and Zhinv engaged in spinning and weaving. The Queen Mother of the West got the news and was in a great anger. She compelled Zhinv came back to the heaven. Niulang chased after them. Niulang almost caught them. Then the Queen Mother of the West plucked a
国际语言文化学院笔译实践实施方案 英语系（5B10级） 根据我院《英语专业人才培养方案》及本学期课程安排，5B10级学生本学期第9至10周举行笔译技能的实践，该实践属于校内集中实践。本次实践活动的具体安排如下： 一、组织领导 系活动领导小组： 组长：孙建中、甘世安 副组长：金培玉，郭卫平，刘冬梅 成员：曹艳琴，武亮，马莉，夏艳，郗海燕，霍小静 二、实践内容及安排 国际语言文化学院英语专业，5B10级6个班，共计182名学生。 （一）实践目标：夯实学生的语言基本功，加强学生对翻译活动的认识，在巩固翻译的基础理论、翻译方法和技巧的基础上，引导学生进行大量的练习，在实践中证明和巩固所学理论，深化学生的语言能力、百科能力、领悟能力、再现能力、译文对比分析能力、译作鉴赏能力，并锻炼团队合作能力。 （二）实践任务：本次笔译实践活动以模拟实际翻译工作的方式进行，期间，学生会拿到实际工作中可能碰到的翻译材料，字数要求：英翻汉2000字，汉翻英1000字。翻译过程分独自翻译和相互交流评析两部分。实践完成后，学生不仅体验了实际翻译工作的困难度，重要
性，更能初步学习如何解决这些问题并交出较通顺的译稿，达到翻译实践的教学目的。 （三）实践安排： 1. 每班配一名指导教师，进行面对面指导。本次笔译实践以模拟实际翻译工作的方式进行。指导教师首先介绍实践的目标和任务，安排学生选题选材并着手翻译，在学生的翻译过程中，进行相应翻译知识和技能的指导，之后安排学生自我编组，按照“三评三改”的模式进行，即小组内相互评阅并反馈自行修改，小组之间相互评阅并反馈自行修改，最后，指导教师进行最终评阅并反馈给学生自行修改，最终定稿。 2.笔译实践在指导和实践之后，以班为单位，在班级内部进行实践总结大会。在其过程中，学生互相点评，指出优点和缺点，学习别的同学笔译的优秀之处，同时指导教师给学生评定打分。 4. 时间安排： 日上午9点召开实践动员大会，指导教师与学生见面；下午指导老师开始实践指导，并作前期部署 日至日：英译汉材料审定；翻译实践相关理论与方法课程讲授；学生翻译及指导教师进行翻译指导，期间安排指导小组内部各成员之间进行互评互改，即“一评一改”，指导班级内部各小组之间进行互评互改，即“二评二改”，指导教师进行评阅及修改，即“三评三改”；作品示范； 日至日：汉译英材料审定；翻译实践相关理论与方法课程讲授；
汉英翻译基础教程
第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译 第一节翻译中的选义 一、结合语境选择较贴切的译文 1. b 2. a 3. b 4. a 二、译出下列词语，注意词语的不同搭配 1． a swarm of bees a brood of chickens a litter of pups 2. a bevy of beautiful ladies a pack of hounds a team of ducks a herd of antelopes 3. unfailing support proactive fiscal policy make effective use of overseas resources 4. make a phone call take a taxi knit a woolen sweater fetch water
play basketball spray insecticide 5. basic wage capital construction essential commodity primary industry fundamental interest 三、翻译下列句子，注意画线词语的理解 1. The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern 2. Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the general public. 3. They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan. 4. Everyone complained against such a practice. 5. They had a dispute at the meeting. 6. You should follow the doctor's advice. 7. They reached a consensus on this issue. 8. There is still some unfinished business to settle. 9. We have consulted him about the matter. 10. Please go back. There is nothing of your concern now
The Four Lines There had a saying since ancient times, "One word can cause the nation to prosper;one word can cause it to perish.Talk is truely a art. In order to be welcomed by many, how can we talk ? Here are my four suggestions: Firstly, to get rid of one's embarrassment by giving a word.Being helpful is not only at the expense of money, labor and time, but also a word, such as giving a word when someone is in an awkward situation. Secondly,to encourage people who are crushed by giving a word.There is a saying in western society, which goes as "The role which speech plays in our communication is to speak good words". Good words are inspiring and confident when people are in frustraction and in a state of deep depression. Thirdly,to remind someone who is in a puzzling by giving a word.As Hsun tzu once said,"giving a good word is more valuable than gold and jade."If you remind someone sitting on the crossroads or wandering in his life by giving a word in time, his life will be changed or even saved. Fourthly, to support the helpless by giving a word.Their mood state is influenced by a word, for they live in an enviroment of good and evil.Faced with the helpless, we support them by saying good words for the simple purpose that their confidence and self-affirmation will be derived from it. Yuan said, "A nobleman may give little words but true,while small peole give many but untrue".Another saying given by Mencius is that "Simple as the way Good words give,their meaning are far-reaching intentions.So, we should be prudent in speaking so that you will not be treated as a cruel man or even complained of by others. Bank of Life There were four twenty-year- old young people, who applied for a bank loan. The bank promised a mint of money for each of them in the condition that they shoud pay off principal and interest in fifty years. The first one wanted to lead a very easy life in the first 25 years, and then tried to work hard for the simple purpose that money he borrowed should be payed off before his death. However, he accomplished nothing, still in debt and died in his seventies. His name was "Laziness".
1.Our big old house was closely related with the joys and sorrows of four generations. 2.I planted these roses a long, long time ago before your mother was born. 3.Many sons left home to fight against the Fascist Nazi. 4.Take the first friendly greeting and always keep it deep in your heart. 1.He has prepared answers to the questions that he expects to confront during the interview. 2.His sad story touched us so deeply that we nearly cried. 3.The two of them are walking hand in hand along the river bank, chatting, laughing, and looking happy. 4.When he heart the exciting news, tears of joy welled up in his eyes. 5.People from Shanghai can understand Suzhou dialect with ease, for Shanghai dialect and Suzhou dialect have much in common. 6.Henry and his wife are looking into the possibility of buying a new house within three years. 7.He finally gave in to his daughter’s repeated requests to further her education abroad. 8.We locked all our valuables away before we went on holiday. 9.Although we have parted from eah other, I hope that we will remain good friends and that we will care for and help each other just as we did in the past. 10.At that critical moment, the army commander summoned all the officers to work out new strategies and tactics which would make it possible to conquer the enemy. Unit 2 1.A gracious manner adds the greatest splendour to your image. 2.I firmly believed the note my guest sent me didn’t take long to write. 3.The simple phrase “Excuse me.” made most of your irritation disappear. 4.Being on time is a virtue which belongs not only to the past but also to the present. 5.Y ou shouldn’t accept the other person’s presence without thinking of its importance. 6.Good manners produce the same feelings or actions in others. 1.I am sorry I am late; I was at a meeting and couldn’t get away. 2.At the concert whnever a singer finished singing a beautiful song, the audience would burst into loud cheers to show their appreciation. 3.As a stylish dresser, she is always wearing stylish clothes, but she seldom cares about what she eats or drinks. 4.The nurse tells me that the doctors have done wonders for your heart disease. 5.When awarding the prize, the chairman complimented the winner on his great contribution to mankind. 6.This problem has bothered the experts for many years. 7.The crowd of demonstrators melted away when the police arrived. 8.Since punctuality is a good habit, we should pay much attention to it and make great efforts to cultivate this good habit. 9.The old man cherishes that girl, as if she were his own daughter. 10.It is just a routine physical checkup, nothing to get worried about.