Unit3 We’re Going to Have an English Test
【2015】第3周星期三共2页主讲人：N ────────-------───────———★───—------------------—───────Teaching Topic &Material:Unit 3 We?re Going to Have an English Test.--- Let?s Talk. Target Students:Fifth Grade Primary School Students.
Time:About 40mins.
Aids:Blackboard ,cards ,media.
Teaching type: New lecture.
Teaching objectives:(三维目标）
(1).Knowledge aims:The useful expressions and language items.
(2).Ability aims :The students?listening speaking reading and writing skills should be trained and improved when they complete their lecture tasks by using the target language.
(3).Emotion aims:the pupils are able to master the passage in which one describes their plans using “we are going to do sth.”
Language focus and different points .
(1) language focus：This lecture is not only focus on the correct pronunciation of words and their meanings .but also the imitation of the recording of those expressions and sentences.
(2)different points：The realization and thoughts of the language items ,such as we are going to do ........
Teaching Procedures:
StepI.Greeting as usual and then let?s do a warming up here “stand up ,sit down ,hands up ,hand down ”
StepII.to review the related words and lead in the useful expression .by the way ,practice together and help them to have a good knowledge of this unit for learning.
StepIII.Showing the objectives
Objectives1
see a film,for a party, have an English test,Mike's birthday
tomorrow evening,tomorrow
Objectives2
what are you going to do tomorrow?
we are going to +objectives1+time
StepIV.The presentation of the new material
1).Providing more pics for reference to capture the life of a marginal fun and fresh,thus stimulate creativity.then asking the pupils to look for the useful expression for the dialogue . Be able to practice more ,the teacher thinks.
2).through the famous singer star that TFBOYS raises sentences,image we are a team,and team are Wong Y uan, Wong Junkai ,Qian Xi. let the them enjoy the English journey together,love it ,enjoy it and play it .
What are you going to do tomorrow?
Wong Y uan :we are going to see a film .
Wong Junkai :we are going to his home for a party .
Qian Xi: we are going to have an English test .
TFBOYS: We are going to Mike?s birthday.
StepV.Practice more and Development
What are you going to do tomorrow?
I am going to see a film/his home for a party/have an English test.
StepVI.Summary
StepVII.homework
1)to review the lesson we …ve been learned .
2)reading the text carefully.
3)communicating each other about plans.
一、be going to 的用法点拨 be going to 是一种固定结构，它后面要接动词原形，用来表示按计划或安排要发生的动作，有时也可以表示推测将要或肯定会发生的动作，有"准备；打算"的意思。含有be going to 结构的句子中往往有表示将来的时间状语。例如： We are going to have a class meeting this afternoon.今天下午我们打算开班会。(安排) Look at the black clouds. It's going to rain.看那些乌云，快要下雨了。(推测) 二、be going to 在肯定句中的形式 be going to 结构中的助动词be很少用原形，它一般有三种形式，即：am , is , are 。当主语是I 时用am ；当主语是第三人称单数时用is；当主语是其他人称时用are。例如： I am going to buy something tomorrow morning.明天早上我要去买些东西。 She is going to see Mr. Wang this afternoon.她打算今天下午去看望王先生。 三、含be going to 的句子变否定句和一般疑问句的变法 由于句子中有助动词be，因此be going to 的否定句和一般疑问句的构成很容易，即在be (am, is, are) 的后面加上not 就构成了否定句；把be (am, is, are) 放到句首，在句末加问号就构成了一般疑问句，其答语为：Yes, 主语+ am/is/are. / No, 主语+ isn't/aren't. / No, I'm not.不过I am... 在改为一般疑问句时常常改为"Are you ....?"。例如： They are going to see the car factory next week. (肯定句) They are not going to see the car factory next week. (否定句) -Are they going to see the car factory next week? -Yes, they are. (No, they aren't.) (一般疑问句及其回答) 四、使用be going to 应注意的两点 1. There be 句型的be going to 结构为：There is / are going to be... (注意句型中going to 后面的be不能改为have。) 常用来表示将有某事发生。例如： There is going to be a football match next Saturday in our school.下周六我们学校将有一场足球比赛。 2. come, go, leave, arrive等表示位置移动的动词常用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作，它们很少与be going to 结构连用。例如： Miss Sun is coming tonight.今晚孙小姐要来。
情态动词与虚拟语气 【语法要点】 情态动词 所谓情态动词是指它含有一定的含义，可以表达某种感情和说话的语气，但是它不可以单独使用作谓语动词。学习情态动词主要学习英语国家的语言习惯和表达法，特别是在口语中不要过分追求原理，更不要不根据说话场合而进行推理，编造出一些语法结构正确的中文式英语。 一、情态动词的类型 1.只作情态动词的有：must、can、could、may、might、ought to 2.既可作情态动词又可作实义动词的有：need、dare 3.既可作情态动词又可作助动词的有：shall、should、will、would 二、情态动词的特征 1.表示说话人的情感态度，不能单独作谓语，与行为动词或连系动词一起作谓语。 2.情态动词没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形。 3.具有助动词的特征：可用来构成否定句、疑问句或简短答语。 三、情态动词的用法 1.表示能力 （1）表示现在的能力，用can或be able to。表示一般的能力时多用can，表示“经过努力成功的做成某事”用be able to。 （2）表示过去的能力，用could或was/were be able to。区别同上。 （3）表示将来的能力，用will be able to。 2.表示推测、可能性 （1）can用在肯定句中表示客观的可能性，而不表示具体事情实际发生的可能性。 例如：Accidents can happy on such rainy days. （2）表示具体事情实际发生的可能性的情态动词，其表示可能性的层次如下表： 情态动词肯定式否定式疑问式 must 必定、必然、一定 will 很可能、大概不会、不该会……吗？ would 可能性较will小不会、不该（较won’t弱）会……吗？（较will弱） should 应该会、理应（表示合乎理想的情况或结果） ought to 与should同义 can 一定不会、不可能（否定推测）有可能吗？ could 可疑的可能不可能（与can’t同义）有可能吗？（较can弱）may 或许、可能、说不定可能不 might 或许、可能（较may弱）可能不（较may not弱） 注意→（1）may，must常用于肯定句，一般不用于否定句和疑问句。 （2）can常用于否定句，疑问句和感叹句中，表示疑惑、惊讶或不相信等意思。could既可用于肯定句，又可用于否定句、疑问句中。
be going to的用法 一、be going to 的用法 be going to是一种固定结构，它后面要接动词原形，用来表示按计划或安排要发生的动作，有时也可以表示推测将要或肯定会发生的动作，有"准备；打算"的意思。含有be going to 结构的句子中往往有表示将来的时间状语。例如：We are going to have a class meeting this afternoon. 今天下午我们打算开班会。(安排) Look at the black clouds. It's going to rain. 看那些乌云，快要下雨了。(推测) 二、be going to 在肯定句中的形式 be going to 结构中的助动词be很少用原形，它一般有三种形式，即：am , is , are 。当主语是 I 时用am ；当主语是第三人称单数时用is；当主语是其他人称时用are。例如： I am going to buy something tomorrow morning. 明天早上我要去买些东西。 She is going to see Mr. Wang this afternoon. 她打算今天下午去看望王先生。 三、使用be going to 应注意的两点 1.There be 句型的be going to 结构为：There is / are going to be... (注意句型中going to 后面的be不能改为have。) 常用来表示将有某 事发生。例如： There is going to be a football match next Saturday in our school. 下周六我们学校将有一场足球比赛。 https://www.doczj.com/doc/5314643025.html,e, go, leave, arrive等表示位置移动的动词常用现在进行时表示 将要发生的动作，它们很少与be going to 结构连用。例如： Miss Chan is coming tonight. 今晚陈小姐要来。
竭诚为您提供优质文档/双击可除2个excel表格如何比对数据 篇一：如何比较两个电子表格数据的异同 1、如何比较两个电子表格数据的异同？ 1、新建一个excel文件，将两个人的两张表格分别复制到sheet1和sheet2； 2、切换到sheet3中，选中a1单元格，输入公式： =if(sheet1!a1=sheet2!a1,"ok","结果不同")； 3、采用拖拉复制的 办法将这个公式单元格的内容复制到与原表格相同大小的 位置； 4、结果已经呈现在你的面前－－凡是单元格内有“结果不同”字样的，表明相应位置的两张表格内容是不一样的；凡是有“ok”字样的单元格，说明两张表格的内容是相同的。 2、钢筋符号打印到word中 程序→附件→系统工具→字符映射表→sjqy 篇二：两个excel表格核对的6种方法 两个excel表格核对的6种方法，用了三个小时才整理完成！
20xx-12-17兰色幻想-赵志东excel精英培训 excelpx-teteexcel应用分享与问题解答，提供excel 技巧、函数和Vba相关学习资料的自助查询。每天一篇原创excel教程，伴你excel学习每一天！ excel表格之间的核对，是每个excel用户都要面对的 工作难题，今天兰色带大家一起盘点一下表格核对的方法，一共6种，以后再也不用加班勾数据了。 （兰色用了三个小时整理出了这篇教程，估计你再也找不到这么全的两表核对教程，一定要转发或收藏起来备用哦） 一、使用合并计算核对 excel中有一个大家不常用的功能：合并计算。利用它 我们可以快速对比出两个表的差异。 例：如下图所示有两个表格要对比，一个是库存表，一个是财务软件导出的表。要求对比这两个表同一物品的库存数量是否一致，显示在sheet3表格。库存表： 软件导出表： 操作方法： 步骤1：选取sheet3表格的a1单元格，excel20xx版里，执行数据菜单(excel20xx版数据选项卡)-合并计算。在打开的窗口里“函数”选“标准偏差”，如下图所示。 步骤2：接上一步别关窗口，选取库存表的a2:c10（第1列要包括对比的产品，最后一列是要对比的数量），再点“添
情态动词和虚拟语气 (一）情态动词modal verbs (mood) (1) Will, would, shall, should, can, could, may, might, must, ought to (should) (2) need, dare, be able to , have to ,ought to , had better ( semi-modal verbs 半情态动词) will (1) Will you please sit down? (2) I will have nothing to do this matter. (3) I will not let my parents down. (4) Roses will blossom in June. (5) Boys will be boys. (6) No one will leave the examination room before 12 o’clock. Would (1)He knew he would be late. (2)When he was young he would walk in these woods. (3) Would you kindly sent me address? (4)The person you mentioned would be her father. (5) She would be stupid not to accept. (6)If I were a man, I would take the challenge. (Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气) (7)If I had seen the advertisement, I would have applied for the job.(Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气) (8) She worried for fear that her child would be hurt. (9) I would be only to glad to help. I’d love a coffee. I’d prefer to go by plan. I would rather have the blue. I would sooner go home. Shall I shall go to school next Monday. What time shall I come? In the rules, it says that a player shall be sent off for using bad language. Should (1) The police should do something to fight against the terrorists. (2) She advised that we should keep the gate locked. ( agree, arrange, ask, command, determine, order, advocate, propose, stipulate, suggest) It advisable that everyone should have map. It is better that he should hear from you. It is essential that he should be prepared for this. It is only right that she should have a share. It is his suggestions that I should be come round to see you. (3)I find it quite astonishing that he should be so rude to you. I can’t think why she should have done such disgusting deeds. (4)He wore a mask so that on one should recognize him.( in case, lest) (5)He should have arrived by now. (6) You shouldn’t have trusted him so easily. (Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气) If he had asked me, I should(would) have helped her. Can Can you help me with the box? Scotland can be very cold. （有时候） This can’t be Mary- she is in hospital. (推测，否定） She can’t be telling the truth. You can’t smoke here. Could He said he couldn’t come. Could you show me the way? Could you have been waiting so long? You could get into university if you applied. I could have earned lots of money if I had worked hard. (Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气)
一、单选be going to 的用法 (作业) discuss the plan, shall we? ( )1. —Let’s —Not now. I to school to meet Tom. A. go B. went C. am going D. was going ( )2. What are you going this weekend? A. do B. to do C. doing D. to doing ( )3. I swimming tomorrow. A. went B. am going to go C.go D. am going to going ( )4. There a concert on Qixing Square next Monday evening. A.is B. is going to C. is going to be D. is have ( )5. a big party in our school in two weeks. A. It is B. It be C. There was D. There is going to be 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空 6.Jim and Li Lei _ (watch) the football match this evening. 7. they (go) fishing this Friday afternoon? 8.—What you (do) tomorrow morning? —I’ｍ(see) my grandparents. 三、完成句子 9.We are going to play ping-pong on Saturday. (改为一般疑问句并 作否定回答) —going to play ping-pong on Saturday? 10.They are going to meet in the park. (就划线部分提问) 11.They are going to clean the classroom tomorrow. (就划线部分提问) they going tomorrow? 12.When is he going to take a trip? (tomorrow) (根据提示进行回答)
E X C E L表格数据比对说 明 This model paper was revised by the Standardization Office on December 10, 2020
Excel数据比对说明 一、数据比对 数据比对，主要方式是通过源数据与新数据进行比对，其目的是找出新数据中没有源数据中有的，也就是新数据中减少的。 二、比对步骤 （一）整理数据。 要求源数据与新数据的Excel表格所对应列显示的是同一项内容，比如A列都是姓名，B列都是身份证号码等等。 （二）建立数据比对表格 上述数据处理好后，将新数据粘贴到源数据的后面，另存为【数据比对表】。 （三）数据比对 在【数据比对表】单元格最后面新建两列，取名为姓名核对、身份证号码核对，插入下面所述公式进行数据比对。 1.“姓名”比对公式： =COUNTIF(A$609:A$4759,A2&"*") 说明：A是“姓名”所在的列； 609：4759为新数据的开始和结束单元格； A2是源数据“姓名”单元格； &"*"的作用是防止单元格后面有其他字符或空格。 2.“身份证号码”比对公式：
=COUNTIF(B$609:B$4795,B2&"*") 说明：B是“身份证号码”所在的列； 609：4759为新数据的开始和结束单元格； B2是源数据“身份证号码”单元格； &"*"的作用同上。 3. 比对结果说明： 三、其他说明 若将源数据粘贴到新数据的后面，可以找出新数据中有源数据中没有的，也就是新数据中新增的。 比对结果说明：
其实其本质就是以后面的数据位基准，把前面的数据一个个拿去与后面的数据作比对的结果。 若要将姓名和身份证两列数据合并，可以用A2&B2，A2是“姓名”单元格；B2是“身份证”单元格。
2018年高考及最新模拟分类汇编之动词的时态和语态及情 态动词 2018年高考动词的时态和语态及情态动词 1.【2018·北京】1. —Hi, I’m Peter. Are you new here? I haven’t seen you around? —Hello, Peter. I’m Bob. I just _________ on Monday. A. start B. have started C. started D. had started 【答案】C 【解析】考查时态。句意：——嗨，我是彼得。你是新来的吗？我没有在附近见过你。——你好，彼得。我是鲍勃。我周一刚刚开始住在这儿。根据两人谈话内容可知，Bob现在在这儿，他开始(start)住在这儿是发生在周一的事情，周一是一个过去的时间，故该句应用一般过去时态，C选项正确。 点睛：一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态或过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用，如：yesterday，last week，in the past，in 2017，once，a few days ago等。 2.【2018·北京】4. Susan had quit her well-paid job and _________ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year. A. is working B. was working C. has worked D. had worked 【答案】B 点睛：过去进行时表示在过去某一时间段或某一段时间内正在发生或进行的动作或状态。3.【2018·北京】7. China’s high-speed railways _________ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years. A. are growing B. have grown C. will grow D. had grown 【答案】B 【解析】考查时态。句意：在过去的几年里，中国的高速铁路已经从9,000公里增长到25,000公里。该句时间状语为in the past few years。中国高速铁路的增长是从过去一直到现在几年
be going to 句型的用法 1. 意义：be going to是"一般将来时"的一种表现形式，表示将 来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态，意思为"打算，将要"。 其中"be"会根据主语的人称变化成"is,am,are"等形式。"to"跟在它后面的动词必须是动词原形。通常和tomorrow, this evening(week/ year…), next week(Sunday…)等连用 2. 结构：主语+be(am/is/are)+going to+动词原形 （系动词（am/is/are）的用法：我（I）用am,你（you）用are, is 连着他（he）她(she)它(it),凡是复数都用are） 3.肯定句：主语+be(am/is/are)+going to +动词原形 A.He is going to buy a book after school. B. I am going to climb mountains. 4.否定句：在系动词（am/is/are）后+not A. He isn’t going to buy a book after school. 5.一般疑问句：Be+主语+going to +动词原形（把系动词提到主语前面） A.Is he going to buy a book after school? -----No, he isn’t. B.Are you going to climb mountains? ------Yes, I am.(变一般疑问句时，第一人称变为第二人称) 6.特殊疑问句：疑问词+be +主语+going to +动词原形 He is going to have a picnic next Sunday. 下个星期天他打算去野餐。 ---What is he going to do next Sunday? ----When is he going to have a picnic?
情态动词+完成时的语法意义（二） 三、can/could have done的用法 1.can/could have done表示“对过去的可能性推测”，could的语气较can弱。 该结构表推测时无肯定式，一般用于否定句和疑问句。否定句表示“过去不可能发生过某事”，它是must have done的否定式；疑问句表示“过去可能发生过某事吗”。例如： He can’t have forgotten it.他不可能已忘记此事。 Can he have gone to his aunt’s? 他有可能到他姑姑家去了吗？ I saw Mr. Zhang just now and he couldn't have gone to Beijing.我刚才看见张先生了，他不可能去了北京。 Why does he know this? Could someone have told him about it? 他怎么知道? 会是哪个人告诉他了吗? We could not have heard them because of the noise from the river. 由于有河水声我们不能听见他们的话。 Can he have left already? 他会已经离开了吗? They can’t have gone out because the light is on. 他们不可能出去了，因为灯还亮着。 注意：在非正式英语或口语中，偶见到could have done也可用于肯定句，表示推测： She could have forgotten to tell him. 她可能忘记告诉他了。 Tom could have taken the money; he was here alone yesterday. 有可能是汤姆把钱拿走了，昨天他单独一个人在这里呆过。 In the example mentioned above, either method of construction could have been used.在上面提到的例子中，两种建造方法均可能用过。
两个excel电子表格单列比较，双列比较，多列比较 单列比较 =VLOOKUP(C4,Sheet3!$C$2:$C$127,1,0) 语法规则 该函数的语法规则如下： VLOOKUP(lookup_value,table_array,col_index_num,range_lookup) 参数简单说明输入数据类型lookup_value要查找的值数值、引用或文本字符串table_array要查找的区域数据表区域col_index_num返回数据在区域的第几列数正整数range_lookup精确匹配TRUE（或不填） /FALSE Lookup_value参数说明 Lookup_value为需要在数据表第一列中进行查找的数值。Lookup_value 可以为数值、引用或文本字符串。 Table_array参数说明 Table_array为需要在其中查找数据的数据表。使用对区域或区域名称的引用。 col_index_num参数说明 col_index_num为table_array 中待返回的匹配值的列序号。 col_index_num 为 1 时，返回 table_array 第一列的数值，col_index_num 为2 时，返回 table_array 第二列的数值，以此类推。如果 col_index_num 小于1，函数 VLOOKUP 返回错误值 #VALUE!；如果 col_index_num 大于 table_array 的列数，函数 VLOOKUP 返回错误值#REF!。 Range_lookup参数说明 Range_lookup为一逻辑值，指明函数 VLOOKUP 查找时是精确匹配，还是近似匹配。如果为true或省略，则返回近似匹配值。也就是说，如果找不到精确匹配值，则返回小于 lookup_value 的最大数值。如果 range_lookup 为 false，函数 VLOOKUP 将查找精确匹配值，如果找不到，则返回错误值 #N/A。 双列比较 注意：两列以上比较中必须以ctrl+shift+enter键结束；
情态动词+完成时
情态动词+完成时 （modal verbs + have + past participle） 情态动词和动词原型连用，表示对目前或将来情况的看法或态度 情态动词和完成时连用时，表示对过去情况的看法或态度。 1. should+have+过去分词表示过去“本应该┅”，实际上是说话人在表达责 备，抱怨或遗憾的意思。 We should have cut away the jungle bush. 我们本应该把丛林的灌木砍掉。 How I regretted the days when I had played and should have studied. 我多么懊悔我把本应该好好学习的日子都玩掉了。 s houldn’t+have+过去分词表示过去“本不应该┅”而实际上做了的动作。 You shouldn’t have told anyone about it. 你本来不应该告诉任何人。 They shouldn’t have left so soon. 他们本来不应该去得那么早。 2. ought to + have + 过去分词表示过去“本应该┅”，相当于“should + ha ve + 过去分词” You ought to have helped him. 你本应该帮他一把。 You ought to have returned these books to the school library last week. 上周你就应该把这些书还给学校图书室。 否定形式oughtn’t to + have + 过去分词= shouldn’t + have +过去分词eg. You oughtn’t to have taken his umbrella away. 你不该把他的伞拿走。 He oughtn’t to have been there.
be going to 结构用法精讲 一、be going to 的用法点拨：be going to 是一种固定结构，它后面要接动词原形。含有be going to 结构的句子中往往有表示将来的时间状语，如：tomorrow, next week等。 1、用来表示按计划或安排要发生的动作，有“准备；打算”的意思。这种主观意图，一般已做过事先安排，故其实现的可能性较大，其主语常是人。 We are going to have a class meeting this afternoon.今天下午我们打算开班会。（安排） 2、表示根据现有情况、某种迹象，判断将要或即将发生的动作。此时不含有主观意图，只是表示说话人对客观事态发展的判断或推测，此时主语可以是人，也可以是物。例如： Look at the black clouds. It's going to rain.看那些乌云，快要下雨了。（推测） I”m not feeling well, I”m going to be ill. 我感觉不是很好，可能要生病了。（表示说话人的感觉而已） 二、be going to 在肯定句中的形式在肯定句中，be going to模样是：主语+be(am / is / are) + going to +动词原形+其它。 be going to 结构中的助动词be很少用原形，be随主语人称和数的变化而变化，它一般有三种形式，am , is , are 。而going to 固定不变。即：当主语是I 时用am ；当主语是第三人称单数时用is；当主语是其他人称时用are。 I am going to buy something tomorrow morning.明天早上我要去买些东西。 She is going to see Mr. Wang this afternoon.她打算今天下午去看望王先生。 三、含be going to 的句子变否定句和一般疑问句的变法 由于句子中有助动词be，因此be going to 的否定句和一般疑问句的构成很容易，即在be (am, is, are) 的后面加上not 就构成了否定句；把be (am, is, are) 放到句首，在句末加问号就构成了一般疑问句，其答语为：Y es, 主语+ am/is/are. / No, 主语+ isn't/aren't. / No, I'm not.不过I am... 在改为一般疑问句时常常改为“Are you ....?”。例如： They are going to see the car factory next week. (肯定句) They are not going to see the car factory next week. (否定句) —Are they going to see the car factory next week? —Y es, they are. (No, they aren't.) (一般疑问句及其回答) 四、使用be going to 应注意的几点 1．There be 句型的be going to 结构为：There is / are going to be... (注意句型中going to 后面的be不能改为have。) 常用来表示将有某事发生。例如： There is going to be a football match next Saturday in our school. 下周六我们学校将有一场足球比赛。 2．come, go, leave, arrive等表示位置移动的动词常用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作，它们很少与be going to 结构连用。例如： Miss Sun is coming tonight.今晚孙小姐要来。 They are going to the park next Friday. 下星期五他们打算去公园。 3. “be going to +动词原形”结构与表示将来的时间状语是否连用，在意思上有所差别。如果其后有明确的时间状语，则表示该动作或状态发生的可能性较大；反之，则表示一种推测，表示未来可能发生的事情。例如： There is going to be a film in our school this evening. 今晚我们学校将有一场电影。（一定会发生）
关于情态动词后面接完成式的情况 can后面接完成式表示可能已经做了某事。例如： He can't have left home because the television is on . Where can they have gone ? 他们会去了哪儿呢？ could后面接完成式表示本可能发生或本可以做的事而没有发生或没有做；它的否定形式则表示本不可能发生或本不可以做的事而已经发生或已经做了。例如： The output could have been increased by 15% .。 How could he have forgotten him birthday ? 他怎么会忘了自己的生日呢？ may后面接完成式表示可能已经发生的动作。例如： He may have had some training in Chinese Gongfu .他可能学过一些中国武术。 You may have narrowly missed her on your way to here. might后面接完成式表示本可能发生或本可以做的事而没有发生或没有做。例如： They might have finished their work by now .他们现在或许已经完成任务。 She might have done better than that .你本可以做得比这更好一些的。 must后面接完成式表示想必已经发生的事。例如： You must have talked about it with her before hand .你一定事先与她谈过这件事。 It must have snowed last night for it's so cold this morning . ought to后面接完成式表示本应该发生或本应该做的事而没有发生或没有做；它的否定形式则表示本不应该发生或本不应该做的事而已经发生或已经做了。例如： They ought to have completed their work much earlier . I ought to have said it to her in a calmer mood . need后面接完成式主要用于否定句中，表示不必要做的事而已经做了。例如：We needn't have read the Fast Reading materials before we do it in class .
be going to用法口诀: be going to跟“动原”,计划、准备或打算; 表可能,有必然,通过现象来判断。 be的形式要注意,它要随着人称变, 否定句,很简单,not加在be后边; 疑问句,需牢记,be应提到主语前。 be going to句型的两种不同用法 I’m going to the school、我正要去学校。 I’m going to go to the school、我打算去学校。 第一句就是动词go的进行时表将来,(to)之后须加名词。(come,go等趋向动词的现在进行时表将来。) 第二句则为be going to的一般将来时句型,to之后须加动词原形。一般将来时 一、概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow(后天)等。 二、基本结构:①be going to + do;②will+ do、 be going to的特殊疑问句形式 先瞧我的构成方式:疑问词＋be going to的一般疑问句。我有一个口诀献给大家,一定对您们有所帮助: 疑问词在句首, 系动词be跟着走,
主语、going紧相随, 其它成分不要丢。 如何把我的陈述句形式转换成特殊疑问句形式呢？我再告诉同学们一个好方法,那就就是:一定、二变、三去掉。 一定:即确定划线部分的疑问词; 二变:即把be going to变为一般疑问句形式; 三去掉:去掉划 线部分。例如: We are going to have a meeting next Monday、 A:确定疑问词为when(什么时候) B:把原句改为一般疑问句are you going to have a meeting next Monday? C:去掉划线部分,即When are you going to have a meeting?您们打算什么时候开会？ 【注意】如果对to后面的动词短语进行提问则要用What、、、do、、、?对例句中的have a meeting进行提问应为: What are you going to do next Monday?下星期一您们打算做什么？ 【特别警示】当划线部分为主语或主语的定语时,特殊疑问句的语序为陈述句语序。请瞧: Miss Li is going to teach you 三、否定句:在be动词(am, is, are, was, were)或情态动词will后加not 成won’t。 例如:I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon、→I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon、 四、一般疑问句: be或will提到句首,some改为any, and改为or,第一二人称互换。 例如:We are going to go on an outing this weekend、→Are you going to go on an outing this weekend? 五、对划线部分提问。一般情况,一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。 1、、问人。Who 例如:I’m going to New York soon、→Who’s going to New York soon、
Be going to（PEP Book 7 Unit 3 What are you going to do？）的用法Hi,大家好！今天向你们介绍一位爱展望未来的小精灵be going to。他呀，出生在"一般将来时"家族里。表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态。看"be going to"长得多魁梧呀，他由三个词组成。这三个词分开来都有自己的意思。但组合在一起，只表示"打算，将要"。其中"be"妈妈会根据主语的人称变化派出孩子们"is, am ,are"来完成任务。"to"是"不定式符号"。它有一个脾气，跟在它后面的动词必须是动词原形。首先，我向你们展示我的几种句型。 一、陈述句(肯定句) 在肯定句中，小精灵的模样是：主语+be(am / is / are) + going to +动词原形+其它。如：He is going to buy a new CD after school.他放学后要去买张新CD。 They are going to visit their teacher tomorrow.他们明天要去看望他们的老师。 在否定句要在be的后面加not.不信你来瞧： 1、I am not going to play football after school.我不打算踢足球。 She is not going to watch TV this afternoon.今天下午她不打算看电视。 We are not going to the cinema at night.我们今晚不看电影。 二、一般疑问句 这时候，小精灵模样是：Be(am is are)+主语+going to+动词原形+其它,如： 1、 Are you going to read books tonight? -Yes, I am. -No, I am not. 2、Is he going to buy a comic book this morning?-Yes, he is.-No, he is not. 三、特殊疑问句 疑问词+be(am is are)+主语+ going to+动词原形+其它,如： What is she going to do this evening? She is going to visit her grandparents. What are they going to do tomorrow? They are going to play football. 其次，和他出现的朋友还有以下特征： this morning, this afternoon, this evening, at night, tomorrow, this weekend, next week，soon 等表示将来时间的词语。 还有，我有时会偷懒的，如表示你将要去哪儿的句子时： I am going to the park this morning. Where are you going this weekend