小升初英语语法汇总：名词
可数名词和不可数名词
表示某一事物，有具体的和抽象的之分。分为可数名词和不可数名词。
强调：不可数名词都默认为单数，所以总是用is或者was；最好不要根据some、any、a lot of等词去作判断，以免受误导。
1、可数名词如何变“复数形式”：
a．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds；
读音：清辅音后读[s]，浊辅音和元音后读[z]。
b．以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches；
读音：[iz]。
c．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families,
strawberry-strawberries；
读音：[z]。
d．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives ，thief-thieves
读音：[z]。
e．以“o”结尾的词，分两种情况
1）有生命的+es 读音：[z] 如：mango-mangoes tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes 2) 无生命的+s 读音：[z] 如：photo-photos radio-radios
f. 不规则名词复数：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, snowman-snowmen, mouse-mice, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese,
Japanese-Japanese
2、不可数名词没有复数。如果要计算不可数名词所表达的数量，就得在数词和不可数名词之间加上“量词+of”。
例如：a glass of water, a piece of paper, a bottle of juice
小升初英语语法汇总：数词
我们学过两类数次：基数词和序数词。
基数词用于表示数量多少，而基数词用于表示次序，常在日期中出现。区别：基数词前面没有“the”；序数词前一定要有“the”。
1、超过二十以上的两位数需要在个位和十位之间加上“-”。如：21 twenty-one
2、三位数以上的则需要在百位数后再加上and。如：101 a/one hundred and one
3、用基数词来修饰可数名词时，一定别忘了它的复数形式。如：十八个男孩eighteen boys
4、用基数词修饰不可数名词时，如是复数，变它的量词为复数。如：两碗米饭two bowls of rice
5、序数词一般加“th”，特殊的有：first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth以及二十及二十以外的整十：twentieth, th irtieth, fortieth…
“第几十几”：前面整十不变，后面“几”改为序数词。如：88 eighty-eighth
名词、代词、冠词、数词综合练习题 1 There are ___ days in a year. A. three hundreds sixty-five B. three hundreds and sixty-five C. three hundred and sixty-five D. three hundred and sixty five 2 There are____ students in this school. A. eight hundreds and forty-six B. eight hundred and forty six C. eight hundred and forty-six D. eight hundred forty-six 3.______people visit this museum every day. A. Hundred B. Hundreds C. Hundred of D. Hundreds of 4.There are two___ people in the meeting room. A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundreds of D. hundred of 5.Every year ___ watch NBA on TV. A. million people B. millions of people C. millions people D. million of people 6.____ trees have been planted in our school in the past 10 years. A. Thousands of B. Two thousands C. Thousand of D. Two thousand of 7.Look! There are ___ in the sky. A. thousand stars B. thousand of stars C. thousands of stars D. thousands of star 8. My brother is in____. A. Three Class, One Grade B. Class Three, Grade One C. Grade One, Class Three D. class three, grade one 9. We are going to learn___ this term. A. book six B. six book C. the book six D. Book Six 10. Please turn to___. Let's read the text aloud. A. Page Two B. the page two C. second page D. page second 11. We can say the number 78, 645 in English like this____. A. seventy-eight thousand and six hundred and forty-five B. seventy-eight thousand six hundred and forty five C. seventy-eight thousand six hundred and forty-five
2019年中考真题英语分项汇编 1. 【2019 ? 广东省中考】We are proud of our country. The year 2019 is her __________ birthday. A. seventy B. the seventy C. the seventieth D. seventieth 【答案】D 【解析】句意：我们为我们的国家感到骄傲，2019年是她的70岁生日。seventy70，seventieth第70；根据几岁生日时用序数词，当序数词前有形容词性的物主代词时，要把the省略掉；故选D。 2.【2019 ? 江苏省宿迁市】Wu Dajing, a __________ Chinese skater, set a new world record at the Short Track World Cup last year. A. 25-years-old B. 25 year old C. 25-year-old D. 25 years old 【答案】C 【解析】句意：25岁的中国滑冰运动员吴大靖在去年的短道世界杯上创造了新的世界纪录。考查限定词辨析。由数字、名词和形容词加连字符构成的词为复合形容词，也称限定词，其结构为＂数字-名词-形容词＂，中间的名词必须用单数形式。根据句意结构，可知选C。 3. 【2019 ? 甘肃省武威市】September is the __________ month of a year. A. seventh B. eighth C. ninth D. tenth 【答案】C 【解析】句意：九月是一年中的第九个月。A. 第七；B. 第八；C. 第九；D. 第十。根据常识可知，九月是第九个月，故选C。 4. 【2019 ? 甘肃省兰州市】We gave away __________ books to the school library last year. A. six thousands B. six thousand C. six thousands of D. six thousand of 【答案】B 【解析】句意：去年我们把6000本书捐给了学校图书馆。结合选项，本题考查数词的用法，英文的数目表达方式有两种：精确数目和含糊数目。精确数目如：two million dollars，两百万美元；数词无复数，也没有
名词、代词、数词专项训练测试题 一、用所给词的适当形式填空： 1、Who works , Jack or John? (carefully) 2、Mr. Black lives on the floor. (six) 3、Jack will come back on the of next month. (twenty-three) 4、Different people may have different . (idea) 5、That cat is too young to look after . (it) 6、Chinese is one of the most important in the world. (language) 7、People often mistake for each other. (we) 8、I often go to work on . (foot) 9、Is bike red or black? (he) 10、Autumn is the season of the year. (three) 11、I know one of the . (boy) 12、Meimei learnt to speak English by . (she) 13、Mr. Brown is wearing a pair of . (glass) 14、The boy is very strong. (seven) 15、You can do it all by . (you) 16、It’s time for to have supper. (we) 17、Please give them their . (photo) 18、Are there any in the box? (watch) 19、Could you show the way on the map? (she) 20、There are twelve in a year. (month) 21、He put on the new coat and then looked at in mirror. (he) 22、Would you like some ? (tomato) 23、Look at those in the boats! (people) 24、Mr. Green lives on the floor. (twelve) 25、She can swim very well. She taught (she). 26、Look! The are singing. (woman) 27、I’ve lived here all life. (I) 28、My radio is not so good as . (he) 29、Summer is the season of the year. (two) 30、September 10th is Day. (teacher) 31、My sister has two . (pen) 32、He lives on the floor. (four) 33、My mother is a . (teach) 34、Could you pass a piece of paper, please? (I) 35、The story is very interesting. (one) 36、Jim has some . (knife)
数词作主语时主谓一致的特殊情况 主谓语的一致关系通常遵循三个原则，即语法一致的原则，概念一致和就近一致。关于数词（包括表示数量的其他词）或带有数词的词组作主语时，如何应用上述三原则，各类语法书均有说明，这里只谈谈一些特殊情况。 一．基数词+名词 当基数词加名词表示时间，距离，价值或其他度量时，通常把它作为整体。 谓语动词遵循概念一致原则用单数。但是，有时也可看作多个个体，谓语动词根据语法一致原则用复数。例如： 1）The past four weeks have been the driest in the country’s history. 2）There were three quarts of mild in the refrigerator. 二．One and a half+名词复数 英语“一个半”可以写成“one and a half+名词复数”或“a+名词单数+and a half”. 两种形式中名词的数虽然不同，但谓语动词通常都是用单数。例如： 1）One and a half months has escaped. 2）A month and a half has elapsed since our last meeting. 三．One in, one out of , one of 等引导的词组 英语“若干分之一”常可写成“One in+数词”，“one out of+数词”或“one of+数词”，作主语时谓语动词一般用单数。例如： 1）The survey report says that one out of twenty machines is in need of repair. 2）Only one out of five is in operation. 但是，在非正式文体中，也有用复数的，因为说话人所指实际上是不止one.例如：3）It is estimated that every one in eleven men over sixty suffer from heart failure.
（一）．名词的分类 总的来说，英语中的名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词两类。 （1）. 专有名词：表示人、地方、事物、机构、组织等专有名称的名词。例如：Lucy，Shanghai，the Communist Party of China，the United States等。专有名词的第一个字母要大写。 （2）. 普通名词：表示某一类人或事物或表示一个抽象概念的名称的名词。例如：worker，boy，machine等。普通名词又可分为以下四类： a. 个体名词：表示个体的人或事物的名词。例如：man ，pencil，chair等。 b. 集体名词：表示一群人或一些事物的总称的名词。例如：class，police，army ，family等。 c. 物质名词：表示无法分为个体的物质或材料的名词。例如：rice，g lass，water，por- ridg e等。 4. 抽象名词：表示状态、品质、动作、情感等抽象概念的名词。例如：life，love等。 （二）、可数名词的数 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。单数表示一个人或事物，复数表示一个以上的人或事物。名词单数变复数的形式有规则变化与不规则变化之区别。 A.规则变化 ①一般在名词后加s。 ②“以辅音字母+y”结尾的，y变为i，然后再加es。例：baby----babies city---- cities country---countries ③以s, x, sh, ch结尾的，在后面加es。例：class----classes; fox----foxes; brush----brushes; watch----watches ④以f或fe结尾的单词把f或fe改为v, 再加es。例：thief---thieves; life----lives; wife----wives; self----selves; 例外：roof----roofs(屋顶); proof----proofs(证据) ⑤以o结尾的名词，一般是在后面直接加s。kilo----kilos; photo----photos;zoo----zoos;bamboo----bamboos 以o结尾的名词初中阶段只有四个单词加es。即： hero----heroes mango----mangoes potato----potatoes tomato----tomatoes B.不规则变化： ⑥含man的名词，一般变man为men。例：man----men; woman----women; policeman----policemen 例外：German----Germans；walkman----walkmans(随身听) ⑦将oo改为ee 例：tooth----teeth foot----feet goose----geese(鹅，不是初中词汇) ⑧单数、复数形式相同如：deer—deer，sheep—sheep，fish—fish，Chinese—Chinese，people—people。 ⑨有些词只有复数形式 ①某些由两个部分构成的物体的名词。如：trousers等。 ②某些通常以复数形式出现的名词。如：clothes，goods，stairs等。 ⑩其他变化如：child—children ，mouse—mice. 11.由man或woman构成的复合名词，两者都要变成复数。 1
名词名词的数 1、可数名词与不可数名词 A、不可数名词，初中阶段常见的不可数名词有：water ; meat ; rice ; bread ; milk ; tea ; orange(桔汁) ; fruit ; air ; snow ; chalk; work ; paper(纸) ; time(时间); music ; weather ; grass ; news ; food ; fish(鱼肉); coke ; porridge ; cake(可数或不可数). 不可数名词应注意以下几点： 1)前无数、冠，后无复数；作主语为三单. 2)表量用约数some /any ; much ; a lot of 或用of短语 eg. There is ____ bread on the table. [C] A. a B. one C. a piece of D. many There is some_______ on the plate. [B] A. apple B. fish C. milks D. deer 2、可数名词的复数 A、不规则变化： man—men ; woman—women ;child—children policeman—policemen Englishman—Englishmen Frenchman—Frenchmen foot—feet ; tooth—teeth mouse(鼠)—mice B、规则变化 1）s; sh; ch; x 结尾加 es 读 [iz] 2) ce; se; ze; (d)ge 结尾加 s eg. boxes [b ksiz] blouses [blauziz] 3)f (fe) 结尾则变f(fe)为v加es---读[vz] eg. knives [naivz] 4) “辅+y”结尾变y为i加es 清就清[s] 5)一般加s 浊就浊[z] eg. books[buks] pens[penz] babies[beibiz] 但注意以下几点： ① potato—potatoes ; tomato—tomatoes ②单复同形: fish ; sheep ; deer ; Chinese ; Japanese ③由man , woman在词首构成的复合名词应将两部分都变成复数 man doctor — men doctors ④ reef—reefs ⑤“某国人”的复数：中日不变英法变，其余s加后面. eg. German—Germans ⑥ people , police 常用单数形式表示复数概念 The police are looking for the missing boy. 3、名词所有格：名词’s (意思是“……的”) A.有生命的名词所有格，一般在后加“’s”但注意： 1)表两者共有则在后者加“’s” Lucy and Lily’s father 露西和莉莉的父亲 Lucy’s and Lily’s fathers露西的父亲和莉莉的父亲.
教学标题名词、数词用法 教学目标复习名词、数词用法 教学重难点The usages of important knowledge points 上次作业检查 （名词）1、不可数名词——数不清（没有复数）谓语动词：单数 Drink/milk tea water orange juice coke coffee porridge/Food/rice bread meat fish fruit cake dumplings 2、可数名词与不定冠词a(an)连用有数数形式，不可数名词不能与不定冠词a(an)连用，没有复数形式many+可数名词复数much/a little+不可数名词some, any , a lot of (lots of) 两者都可以修饰。 3、用单位词表示。 用a ... of 表示。如 a cup of （一杯......），a bottle of （一瓶......）a piece of （一张......），a pair of shoes （一双鞋）如two cups of tea（两杯茶）,five pieces of paper（五张纸） 规则变化 1）一般情况下加-s如book--books（书）desk--desks（书桌） 2）以s ,x ,ch , sh结尾加-es 如box--boxes（盒子）bus--buses(公共汽车) 注意①以th 结尾加-s, month--months ②stomach--stomachs 3)以辅音字母（a/e/i/o/u除外）+结尾，变y为i再加- es。如city--cities(城市) country--countries(国家) 注意以元音+y，直接加s。如：day--days(天)，boy--boys(男孩) 4)以f或fe结尾，复数变f或fe 为v再加-es如knife-knives(书) , half-halves(一半）(thief ,wife ,life ,shelf ,knife ,leaf ,self ,half ,wolf)注意①有少数词后直接加s，如roof-roofs (屋顶) 5)以o结尾 (1)辅音字母（a/e/i/o/u）加o结尾名词的加-es如tomato-tomatoes(西红杮) potato-potatoes(土豆) (2) 元音字母加o结尾名词的加-s 如piano-pianos (钢琴), zoo-zoos(动物园) photo-photos (照片), kangaroo-kangaroos(袋鼠) 注意zero 两种方式都可：zero-zeros或zeroes(零) 不规则变化 1) 元音字母发变化。如man--men(男人) ，woman--women(妇女) tooth--teeth(牙齿) ，foot--feet(脚) mouse--mice(老鼠) ，policeman--policemen(警察) policewoman--policewomen(女警察) 2) 词尾发生变化。如child--children(小孩) ，ox--oxen(公牛) 3) 单、复数形式相同。如fish--fish(鱼) ，sheep--sheep(绵羊) ，deer--deer(鹿) ，Chinese--Chinese(中国人) ，yuan--Yuan(元) ，jinn--jinn(斤) 注意不说an English，要说an Englishman. ①fish作鱼肉讲时不可数，没有复数。②fishes指各种不同种类鱼或指几条鱼。 4) 形似单数，实为复数意义。如people(人，人们)these people (不说a people，可说a person) police(公安，警察)ten police(不说a police，可说a policeman) 四、名词的所有格 1.名词所有格的构成法 1)单数名词词尾加's复数名词词尾如没有s，也要加's。 2)表示几个人共有一样东西，只需在最后一个人名字后加，如果表示各自所有，则需在各个名字后加。 如Jim and Mike's room吉姆和麦克(共用)的房间Jim's and Mike's rooms吉姆和麦克(各自)的房间 3)若名词已有复数词尾-s，只加"'"即可。如the students' reading-room(学生阅览室)
（一） 1、名词名词(Nouns）是词性的一种，也是实词的一种，是指待人、物、事、时、地、情感、概念等实体或抽象事物的词。名词可以独立成句。在短语或句子中通常可以用代词来替代。 2、代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、自身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。 3、动词，就是用来形容或表示各类动作的词汇。基本上每个完整的子句都有一个动词，要表示第二个动作时可使用不定词、动名词、对等连接词、从属连接词或增加子句等方法连结。根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为四类。 4、形容词 形容词【adjective】很多语言中均有的主要词类中的一种。主要用来修饰名词的词,表示事物的特征 5、冠词的定义冠词是置于名词之前，对名词起限制作用的一种虚词。冠词可以说是名词的一种标志，它不能离开名词而独立存在。冠词的分类冠词分为不定冠词"a，an"、定冠词"the"和零冠词三种 6、数词表示"多少"和"第几"的词,叫数词。其用法相当于名词或者形容词。数词分为基数词和序数词两种。表示数目多少或顺序多少的词叫数词，数词分为基数词和序数词。 7、副词(Adverb)副词的定义: 副词是一种用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或全句的词,说明时间,地点,程度,方式等概念。
8、介词的定义和特征介词是一种用来表示词与词, 词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句字成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。 （二） 1、名词，人或事物的名称 3、代词，代替名词或者数词（比如some就是代替数目） 3、动词，动作或状态 4、数词，表示数目或顺序（比如序数词，5th就是表示顺序） 5、形容词，人或事物的性质或状态（因为形容词一般修饰名词） 6、副词，动作的特征或性状特征（因为副词一般修饰动词或形容词） 7、冠词，表示名词的泛指或特指 8、介词，表示名词或代词与其他词的关系（因为介词后面一半紧跟 名词，代词或其他名词性结构） 9、连词，连接词与词，短语与短语，句子与句子 10、感叹词，表示说话时的感情或语气
高考题之数词与主谓一致 数词、主谓一致练习题 1.(2011安徽卷27) The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which ____ saved for other purposes. A. is B. are C. was D. were 2.(2011湖南卷26) One third of the country ____ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens ____ black people. A. is; are B. is; is C. are; are D. are; is 3.(10全国?) Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who _______ evening dress. A. wear B. wears C. has worn D. have worn 4.(10湖南) Listening to loud music at rock concerts caused hearing loss in some teenagers. A. is B. are C. has D. have 5.(10四川) Such poets as Shakespeare widely read, of whose works, however, some difficult to understand. A. are;are B. is;is C. are;is D. is:are
第三讲名词、代词、数词 考点一名词的构词法 在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式： https://www.doczj.com/doc/5c18865135.html,pared with the traditional trade mode, they don't have to spend money in renting a house. However, there are still some_______(advantage) in online shopping. 【答案】disadvantages 【解析】句意：与传统的贸易模式相比，他们不必花钱租赁房屋。然而，网上购物仍然有一些缺点。由However 可知，这里与上一句形成转折，介绍网购的缺点disadvantage是可数名词，和some搭配，应用复数形式。 2 . China's industrial output is expected to rise by around 6.5 percent this year , marking the best______(perform)since 2010,because the Made in China 2025 strategy(策略）helps to raise productivity and revenue(税收）. 【答案】performance 【解析】句意：预计今年中国的工业产出将增长6.5%左右，这是自2010年以来的最佳表现，因为中国制造2025战略有助于提高生产率和税收。mark为及物动词，其后缺少宾语，空前又有形容词最高级修饰，故此处应填perform的名词形式performance。 2.Three factors have greatly contributed to the ______(grow): the depth of the story,traditional Chinese elements and emotions of the characters. 【答案】growth 【解析】空格处作介词to的宾语，空前又有定冠词the,故填grow的名词形式growth。 3.The online books will be renewed and enriched gradually according to readers' borrowing habits and ________(prefer). 【答案】preference(s) 【解析】句意：根据读者的借阅习惯和偏好，网上图书将会逐渐更新和充实。空格处与and前的borrowing habits并列，都由readers'修饰，指读者的借阅习惯和偏好，故填名词。preference在此处既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词。 5. When his mom couldn't afford to buy him a toy panda he badly wanted, he wrote a pitiful note on the toy's box begging other _______(stop) not to buy it . 【答案】shoppers
1.Three ______ died in the terrible fire in Luoyang last winter. A. hundreds people B. hundred people C. hundreds peoples D. hundred peoples 2. Either you or the president _______ the prizes to these gifted winners at the meeting. A. is handing out B. are to hand out C. are handing out D. is to hand out 3. I, who ______ your close friend, will try my best to help you out of trouble. A. am B. is C. are D. be 4. The Olympic Games in the year 2008 ______ in Beijing of China, which ______ known to us all. A. is to hold; is B. is to be held; was C. are to hold; is D. are to be held; is 5. There _____ a lot of rubbish on the floor so I asked Mary to sweep _____ up. A. were; it B. are; them C. was; it D. is; them 6. Three million tons of coal ______ every year in the city. A. is exploited B. are exploited C. had exploited D. have exploited 7. Stories of the Long March _______ popular with the young people now. A. is B. was C. are D. were 8. Mathematics _______ the language of science. A. are B. are going to be C. is D. is to be 9. Both rice and wheat _____ grown in our country. A. is B. are C. was D. were 10. ________ either of your parents come to see you recently? A. Have B. Had C. Has D. Is 11. What the children in the mountain village need ________ good books. A. is B. are C. have D. has 12. The whole family _______ TV attentively. A. are watching B. is watching C. is seeing D. are seeing 13. Nothing but several glasses ________ bought by my father the day before yesterday. A. was B. were C. have been D. would be 14. At the bus stop ______ a soldier and two young people on their way to the village. A. were B. was C. is D. sits 15. If law and order ______, neither the citizen nor his family is safe. A. are not preserved B. is not preserved C. were preserved D. have not been preserved 16. There ______ little change in that middle school. A. have B. had C. have been D. has been 17. What such a sunset is ______ strange to us all. A. going to be B. / C. is D. that 18. Seventy-five percent of the earth’s surface ______ with water. A. is covered B. is covering C. were covered D. are covered 19. The following ______ some other mental diseases. A. being B. are C. was D. were 20. Not only you but also I ______ able to help him out. A. are B. is C. am D. were 21. “ The Kites” ______ us a story of the kite’s history. A. have told B. tells C. were told D. was told
Unit 2 代词 this that , those, these指示代词在句中作主语, 宾语, 表语, 等等比如That is a red car.那是一辆红色汽车。Which do you like? I like this.，你喜欢哪一个? 我喜欢这个 疑问代词：表示“谁(who),谁 (whom),谁的(whose),什么(what), 哪个或哪些 (which)”等词叫疑问代词。 疑问代词的用法:疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中，疑问代词一般放在句子的最前面。例子： Who is that in blue dress? 穿着蓝色裙子的那个人是谁? Whom are you looking for? 你在找谁。。 all, any, another, both, each, every, either, every, few, little, many, much, no, none, either, one, other, some以及由 some, any, no, every 和 body, one, thing 构成的复合词。 比如说That's all I know. 这就是我知道的。some any的主要用法 Do you have any books? 你有书吗? I have some books。 You can come at any time. 你什么时候都可以来。sometimes some time sometime ? 这几个词是什么意思呢？？ do you want some coffee? 喝点咖啡吗？或would you please give me some bread? 复合代词 5. The maths problem ______ is wrong. A. himself B. ourselves C. itself D. herself 6. “Who‘s that at the door?” “ _____ is John.” A. it B. he C. this D. she 4.Won’t you have _____ tea? A. any B. a C. some D. every 5. Here are trees on ____ sides of road. A. both B. either C. each D. every 16. ___ of us would agree with you. A. Someone B. No one C. Nobody D. None 19. ____ is knocking at the door. A. One B. Someone C. Anyone D. Something 17. Don't eat ____ food. A. too many B. too much C. much too D. many too 18. _____ of them is on the team. A. neither B. nobody C. both D. all
名词语法和练习题 1. 定义 名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词，专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类：1）个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。 2）集体名词：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。 3）物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。 4）抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。 个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词，物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词。 2. 名词复数的规则变化（情况，构成方法，读音，例词） a. 一般情况在名词后加-s 清辅音后读/s/ map-maps 浊辅音和元音后读/z/ bag-bags /car-cars b. 以s, sh, ch, x等结尾的名词加-es
读/iz/ bus-buses/ watch-watches/brush-brushes/box-boxes c. 以ce, se, ze,等结尾加-s 读/iz/ license-licenses d. 以辅音字母+y结尾的名词把变y 为i再加es 读/z/ baby---babies e. 以o 结尾的名词，变复数时： 1). 加s，如：photo---photos piano---pianos radio---radios zoo---zoos； 2). 加es，如：potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes 3). 上述a和b两种方法均可，如zero---zeros / zeroes。 f. 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时： 1). 加s，如：belief---beliefs roof---roofs safe---safes gulf---gulfs 2). 去f, fe 加ves，如：half---halves knife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolves
主谓一致 在英语的句子中，谓语动词的形式应与主语的人称和数保持一致。近几年来，高考关于该内容的考查主要集中在形式一致、承前一致以及就近一致三个方面。 一、使用复数谓语动词的情况 1．由and, both…and…连接两个主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：Both the teacher and the students are working hard. 但当and 连接的两个名词指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念，且第二个名词前没有冠词等限定词时；另外，and连接的两个名词前有each，every等修饰语时，谓语动词用单数。如： The knife and fork lies on the table. 2．“the＋形容词或过去分词”指一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：The wounded were sent to the hospital at once. 3． the people/cattle/police作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：After hearing the news, the people present were all crying. 二、使用单数谓语动词的情况 1．单数名词、不可数名词、不定代词，如something/somebody, everything/everybody, anything/anybody, nothing/nobody作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如： Anybody who breaks the law is to be punished. 2．不定式、动名词、主语从句作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Looking after the baby is my job. 3．学科名词，以-s结尾的单数名词，以-s结尾的书名、报纸杂志名、地方、组织名称作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Physics is hard to study. 4．单数名词＋with, along with，together with，as well as，rather than, as much as,
第六节数词与主谓一致 一．数词 数词（num.）分为基数词，序数词，分数，小数和概数 巧计基数词变序数词： 基变序，有规律；一二三，单独记；八去t,九去e, ve要用f替； 整十基数变序数，ty变为tie;要是遇到两位数，十位基数个位序。 2. 分数 分数是由基数词和序数词组成的，分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当基数词大于1时，序数词要用复数形式。 one fifth three fourths 3.小数 小数点读作point 8.9-eight point nine 0.3- zero point three 4.概数 （1）概数的表示 tens of/ hundreds of/ thousands of/ millions of/ dozens of/ scores of/ a number of/ a quantity of/ a few of/ a little of/ plenty of等。 (2)概数的注意事项 概数前不能有确切的数字，可以用many, several, some等修饰tens of/ hundreds of/ thousands of/ millions of/ dozens of/ scores of。 只修饰可数名词复数形式的有：tens of/ hundreds of/ thousands of/ millions of/ dozens of/ scores of/ a number of/ a few / a great of 只修饰不可数名词的有：a little/ a great deal of 既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词的有：a quantity of/ quantities of/ a lot of/ lots of/ plenty of 5. 关于数的其他表达法 (1)年代的表达法为in+the+“逢十的数词复数” 在20世纪90年代-------- in the 1990s或in the 1990’s (2)“在某人几十来岁时”的表达法为in+one’s+“逢十的基数词复数”