2018年5月翻译资格考试三级英语笔译实务真题
英译汉
Improved human well-being is one of the greatest triumphs of the modern era. The age of plenty has also led to an unexpected global health crisis:two billion people are either overweight or obese. Developed countries have been especially susceptible to unhealthy weight gain.However, developing countries are now facing a similar crisis. Obesity rates have peaked in high income countries but are accelerating elsewhere. The combined findings of the World Health Organisation and the World Bank showed that in 2016 Asia was home to half the world’s overweight children. One quarter were in Africa. Residents of developing nation cities are increasingly susceptible to obesity. According to India’s National Institute of Nutrition, over a quarter of urban-dwelling men and nearly half of women are overweight.
The majority of the world’s future urbanisation is projected to occur in developing countries, particularly in Asia and Africa. This crisis will test the political resolve of governments that have historically focused on ending hunger. These governments must understand that the factors making cities convenient and productive also make their residents prone to obesity. Urbanites enjoy a variety of food. Additionally, international fast food chains are flourishing in developing countries. The health risks of such diets are compounded by the sedentary lifestyles of urban dwellers. People’s leisure time is also beingoccupied by television, movies, and video games in the growing number of households.The alarming implication of these trends is that developing countries may become sick before they get rich. That sickness may, in turn, cripple health systems.The yearly health care costs in Southeast Asia of obesity-related complications like diabetes and cardiovascular disease are already as high as US $10 billion. Such diseases are an added burden on countries already struggling to manage primary health care needs.Policies related to taxation, urban design, education and awareness and the promotion of localised food systems may help control obesity at a lower cost than eventual medical treatment for an ageing and increasingly overweight population.Some governments have already experimented with direct interventions to control obesity, such as taxation on unhealthy foods and drinks. The US pioneered the soda tax movement. Thailand, Brunei, and Singapore have adopted similar measures. South Africa is likely to introduce a sugar tax beginning in April 2018.The city of Berkeley in California recognizes that taxes alone are not enough to address obesity. Proceeds from the city’s sugar tax are used to support child nutrition and community health programmes. This underscores the importance of education and awareness.
There is also promise in initiatives. Urban design holds significant power to reshape lifestyle patterns and public health. Improving the attractiveness of
public space can draw residents out of their cars and living rooms. A recent study of urban neighbourhoods in Shanghai and Hangzhou found that middle-income residents living in less walkable neighbourhoods had significantly higher Body Mass Indices than both richer and poorer residents who lived in walkable neighbourhoods in urban China.Finally, healthier lifestyles begin in grocery store aisles. Governments should encourage tighter connections between agricultural production systems, urban grocers and food vendors. Such initiatives can also help urban residents better understand the mechanics of food sourcing. This raises awareness about the relationship between natural foods and healthy lifestyles. Combining controls on unhealthy foods with policies that incentivise healthy eating and active lifestyles constitute a promising response to rising obesity rates. Improving public health is an important policy developing countries should take from both an economic and social point of view. To quote the recent Global Nutrition Report, reducing obesity will boost global development.
汉译英
煤炭是地球上储量最为丰富的能源，但反对使用煤炭的声浪日益高涨。煤炭巨大的碳排放量引起气候变化，从而引起公众的担忧。煤炭与其他能源相比，竞争力已经有所下降了。以美国为例，页岩气的出现造成部分出煤量因价格过高而被挤出市场。美国去年煤炭需求接近9.2亿吨。由于天然气价格下跌，今年美国煤炭需求将减少6000万到8000万吨。
数据显示，煤炭满足了全球大约30%的能源需求，提供40%以上的电力。在人口第一和第二大国中国和印度，煤炭所满足的能源需求比例甚至达到70%左右。中国的煤炭消费量在去年已经下滑，煤炭进口下降了11%，这是十年来的首次下降。中国经济增速已经放缓，同时也做出极大努力削减煤炭使用以减少煤炭污染。由于燃煤发电厂没有满负荷运行，再加上煤炭供应充足，造成国际煤炭价格压低。煤出口价格从去年的峰值下跌了约60%。
历年专业八级考试真题：翻译 历年专业八级考试真题：翻译 Opera is expensive: that much is inevitable. But expensive things are inevitably the province（范围）of the rich unless we abdicate（退位、放弃）society’s power of choice. We can choose to make opera and other expensive forms of culture, accessible（易接近的，可达到的）to those who cannot individually pay for it. The question is: why should we? No body denies the imperatives（必要的）of food, shelter, defence, health and education. But even in a prehistoric cave, man-kind stretched out a hand of not just to eat, drink or fight, but also to draw. The impulse（冲动）towards culture, the desire to express and explore the world through imagination and representation（表述、陈述）is fundamental. In Europe, this desire has found fulfillment（完成、成就）in the masterpieces of our music, art, literature and theatre. These masterpieces are the touchstones （标准、试金石）for all our efforts; they are the touchstones for the possibilities to which human thought and imagination may aspire（立志、追求目标、渴望）; they carry the most profound （深厚的、深刻的）messages that can be sent from one human to another. 参考译文： 欣赏歌剧是一种奢侈：你必须为此支付昂贵的票价。然而，享用昂贵的东西并不完全是富人的特权，除非我们放弃社会选择的权利。我们有权利使歌剧和其他昂贵的文化形式面向大众，面向那些个人没有支
上外考研2018翻译硕士英语真题（回忆版） 一、阅读，回答问题（哲学类，3页5面，四个问题，40分） 标题： Barney's case Study of philosophy knowledge Barney’s case of the study of history of philosophy? （Barney's case for the history of philosophy）……（正文不明） 问题： 1.What are the reasons Barney cite for the study of history by thre e goroups o f people? 2.According to the passage, what are Martin Lin's interpretation about philosphers? 3.How does the author comment on the men's innate thirst for kn owledge? 4.Sum up how the author writes about Barney and Martin Li n’s discussion on philosophical progress 二、Writing. 800words,60分 Digital Humanities in the New Era
上外考研2018英语翻译基础（真题）（回忆版） 一、汉译英，翻译划线部分，70分 对中国90后，00后深入骨髓的剖析 现如今的家庭教育之难，难在什么地方？难在我们的教育有太多的悖论和问题需要面对。各位父母，我先问你们一个问题，你了解现在的孩子吗？我在这个问题上很有发言权，因为近20年来，我大概接触了8000个家庭案例。当今的孩子是怎么回事？当今的孩子是什么人？我们要从本质上来把握。假如我们不能从本质上来把握，学校教育也好，家庭教育也好，都不会在点子上。 从1993年以后孩子们就开始不一样了。为什么这么说呢？理由是1993年中 国取缔了粮票，这件事情年纪大的是不是还记得？在中国这样一个国家里面，取缔了粮票意味着什么？我们吃饭不愁了。当一个民族吃饭不愁，尤其是到我们这样的民族吃饭不愁的时候，我们会愁什么呢？我们的需要开始变得不一样了，人对人的需要不一样了，家长对孩子的需要不一样了，社会对人的需要不一样，人对社会的需要不一样了。 我们来看1993年以后的人的基本特征，首先，他们都是独套公寓里的独子。独 套公寓里的独子有什么样的人生感受呢？你可以去试试，到春天的时候，买一只刚刚生出来的小鸡，养着它，给它好吃好喝，你看看是不是两个礼拜以后小鸡就死掉了，因为小鸡也会孤独。现在的孩子带着天生的孤独感来到这个世界。那么孤独会有哪些麻烦？一，人一孤独，无端伤感，莫名其妙流眼泪；二，人一孤独，思考力就变得非常强，所以麻烦就来了，既不思考吃，又不思考穿，他就过早地思考了一个终极问题，最高哲学问题，“我存在有什么意义？”我们现在的孩子，连四岁的孩子就会在那里发呆了，你不知道他小脑袋里想什么。一旦人有这种问题，痛苦就伴随着他了。所以我们教育面对的问题是我们得知道自己的子女是什么人，才可以有方向。 第一，当今的孩子背负着沉重的情感负担
2013年5月 第一部分职业道德（第1～25题，共25道题）职业道德基础理论与知识部分 （一）单项选择题（第l—8题） 1、下述范畴中，属于道德评价的是( )。 (A)高低 (B)大小 (C)美丑 (D)松紧 2、道德作为调节社会关系的重要手段，道德调节能够弥补法律调节的不足，其意思是说( )。 (A)道德调节无所不能，法律调节多有局限性 (B)“吃软不吃硬”是人的心理特点，所以道德调节更有效 (C)道德比法律的适用范围广泛，调节具有事前性 (D)道德存在的历史比法律更久远 3、我国社会主义职业道德建设的基本原则是( )。 (A)集体主义 (B)爱国创新 (C)包容和谐 (D)共产主义 4、职业化包含多种层次的内容，其核心层是( )。 (A)职业化理念 (B)职业化流程 (C)职业化作风 (D)职业化素养 5、在职业活动内在道德准则中，“勤勉”的内涵是( )。 (A)当一天和尚撞一天钟 (B)不偷懒，不三心二意 (C)领导安排什么，就干好什么 (D)不讲求计划性，该干什么就干什么 6、“敬业”特征所要求的主动、务实、持久的根本含义是( )。 (A)尽职尽责+科学认真十坚持不懈 (B)崇尚自由+踏实肯干+坚持到底 (C)自觉服从+不苟言语+默默无闻 (D)不令而行十反对空谈+从一而终 7、下列说法中，符合“比尔-盖茨关于十大员工优秀准则”要求的是( )。 (A)热爱并专注别人的工作 (B)对别的公司的产品抱有寻根究底的好奇心 (C)了解客户并满足自己的需求 (D)与公司制定的长期目标保持一致 8、下列对职业道德规范“诚信”本质内涵的理解，正确的是( )。 (A)表达自己的真心和愿望即为诚信 (B)物美价廉是诚信在商业领域的基本要求 (C)说话算话是诚信的本质要求 (D)诚信是一种社会信誉和经营资质 （二）多项选择题（第9～16题） 9、社会主义核心价值体系包括 ( )。 (A)以儒家思想为核心的传统道德 (C)以爱国主义为核心的民族精神 (B)以发家致富为核心的共同理想 (D)以改革创新为核心的时代精神 10、根据“中国商业企业诚信公约”，下列说法中正确的是( )。 (A)排除或者限制消费者合法权益应事先进行听证 (B)商品促销中的虚假宣传不应该超过合理限度 (C)对售出商品应该实行商品质量先行负责制 (D)应该主动征求消费者意见，妥善解决消费者投诉 11、践行“公道”职业道德规范的要求包括( )。 (A)平等待人 (B)公私分明 (C)灵活机动 (D)因事制宜 12、根据“禁止商业贿赂行为的暂行规定”，下列说法，正确的是( )。 (A)只有经营者采用财物手段贿赂对方个人的行为，才被定性为商业贿赂 (B)回扣是指经营者在销售商品时在账外暗中以现金、实物等方式退给对方的价款 (C)经营者销售商品，可以以明示方式给予对方折扣 (D)经营者销售或者购买商品，可以以明示方式给中间人佣金 13、关于职业纪律，正确的说法是( )。 (A)理解的纪律要执行，不理解的纪律也要执行 (B)完备的纪律要执行，不完备的纪律可以不执行
卷一： 真题：中文热词通常反映社会变化和文化，有些在外国媒体上愈来愈流行。例如，土豪和大妈都是老词，但已获取了新的意义。 土豪以前指欺压佃户和仆人的乡村地主，现在用于指花钱如流水或喜欢炫耀财富的人，也就是说，土豪有钱，但是没有品位。大妈是对中年妇女的称呼，但是现在特指不久前金价大跌时大量购买黄金的中国妇女。 土豪和大妈可能会被收入新版的牛津(OXford)英语词典，至今约有120中文加进了牛津英语词典，成了英语语言的一部分。 参考答案： The Chinese heated words usually reflect social changes and culture, some o f which are increasingly popular with foreign media. Tuhao and dama, forexa mple, are both old words, but they get differentmeanings now. The word tuhao used to mean rural landlords who oppress their tenants and servants, while now it refers to people spending money withoutlimits or those showing off all around. That is to say, tuhao owns money rather than taste. T heword dama is used to describe middle-aged women. However, it is regarde d as a special wordto call those Chinese women who rushed to purchase gol d when th e gold price decreasedsharply not long ago. Tuhao and dama may be included in the new Oxford dictionary. Up to now, ab out 120 Chinesewords have been added to it, becoming a part of English lang uage. 卷二： 最近中国科学院(Chinese Academy of Science )出版了关于其最新科学发现与未来一 年展望的年度系列报告。系列报告包括三部分：科学发展报告，高技术发展报告，中国可持续战略报告。第一份报告包含中国科学家的最新发现，诸如新粒子研究与H7N9病毒研究的突破。该报告还突出强调了未来几年需要关注的问题。第二份报告公布了一些应用科学研究的热门领域，如3D打印和人造器官研究。第三份报告呼吁加强顶层设计，以消除工业升级中的结构性障碍，并促进节能减排。 Chinese Academy of Science recently published an annual report about its latest scientific findings and the prospect of the next year. The report consists of three parts: science development, more advanced technology development and the sustainable strategy of China. The first one includes the latest findings of Chinese scientists, such as the research of new particle and the breakthrough in the study of H7N9 virus. Furthermore, it highlights some problems we need to focus in next few years. The second one announces some heated fields in applied science. For example, the 3-dimension print and the study of human organs. The third one suggests people enhance the top design in order to get rid of the structural obstacles in industrial upgrading and to promote the energy-saving and emission-reduction. 卷三： 北京计划未来三年投资7600亿元治理污染，从减少pm2.5排放入手。这一新公布的计划
2013汉译英 生活像一杯红酒，热爱生活的人会从中品出无穷的美妙。Life is like a cup of wine；people who love it discover inexhaustible wonders from it. 将它握在手中观察，它的暗红有血的感觉，那正是生命的痕迹。Hold in the hand and gaze at it，the dark red color is reminiscent of the blood，which is the impress of life.抿一口留在口中回味，它的甘甜有一丝苦涩，如人生一般复杂迷离。Take a sip of it and appreciate the taste，the bittersweet flavor is exactly the same with life，which is complicated and blurred. 喝一口下肚，余香润人心肺，让人终受益。Once the sip is swallowed，the lingering fragrance pleases the heart and refreshes the mind，leaving a person lifelong benefit. 红酒越陈越美味，生活越丰富越美好。There was a remarkable resemblance between life and wine：the taste becomes more delicious as the wine mellows，just as life gets better as it becomes more abundant. 当人生走向晚年，就如一瓶待开封的好酒，其色彩是沉静的，味道中充满慷慨于智慧。 When life comes to twilight years，it looks calm and tastes full of wisdom and generosity，just like a bottle of wine to be savored. 英译汉 联合国代表大会，中心政治论坛，由193个成员国组成，几乎包括世界上所有国家，其中三分之二的国家为发展中国家，占世界总人口的四分之三。通过决议非常困难，尤其是所有惯例决出的协议必须达成一致才能通过。结果就是，重要的协议总是被狭隘的特殊利益所挟持，并且大部分协议都只是用来使自己的利益最大化。但真正的问题是世界上主要国.是否愿意看到民主最大限度地开展。联合国安理会，负责和平和安全，处理最重要的政治问题。安理会只有15个成员国，所以能经常性地应付危机。它曾一度由于冷战对立而停摆，但已经重新获得了联合国宪章给予的权利。 2012汉译英 痛苦纠聚心中，眉心发烫发热，胸口郁闷难展，胃里一股气冲喉而上。院长说这孩子发育迟缓时，她更是心头无绪。她在孩子所待的房里来回踱步，这房里还有其他小孩。整个房间只有一扇窗，窗外树影婆娑。就让孩子留下来吧，这里有善心的神父和修女，这里将来会扩充为有医疗作用的看护中心，这是留住孩子最好的地方。这孩子是她的秘密，她将秘密留在这树林掩映的建筑里。 Tortured by the pains gathering in her heart, she felt something was burning between her eyebrows. Her chest was brimmed with depression which was likely to run out of her throat at any moment. She could not think clearly any longer when the headmaster told her that the child suffered from developmental retardation. She strode up and down in the room where her child stayed with other pals. There was only one window in the room, out of which some shady trees were whispering. ―Just leave it here‖, she told herself, ―This is the best choice by far, for there are kind priests and nuns in this place which may also be renovated into a Medicare center‖. The chi ld was her secret which would be kept in the buildings behind the woods. 英译汉But such policies seem instead to have created the conditions for even more campus violence. Some college students who previously drank in bars and lounges under the watchful supervision of bouncers(夜总会，就把等保安人员)（not to mention owners eager to keep their liquor licenses）now retreat to the sanctuary of their fraternity houses and apartments, where they no longer control their behavior their drinking. The boomerang effect has also played a role in attempts to reduce the availability of illicit drugs. During recent years, the federal government has been quite successful in reducing the supply of street drugs. As fields are burned and contraband(违禁品) confiscated, the price of street drugs has skyrocketed to a point where cheap alternatives have begun to compete in the marketplace. Unfortunately, the cheap alternatives are even more harmful than the illicit drugs they replace. 然而上述政策反而引发了更多的校园暴力。一些大学生先前在夜总会的酒吧买醉，处于保安人员严密的监控之下(酒吧老板们为了保住自己卖酒的牌照也不会允许过激的事情发生)。现在，大学生们躲到他们互助会会所和公寓中酗酒,对自己饮酒的 数量或行为都不再控制。政府在打击非法毒品方面采取的措施同样适得其反。近年来,联邦政府已经有效地抑制了街头毒品买卖。警方捣毁了很多毒品种植地，没收了违禁品，导致毒品的价格暴涨，那些便宜的替代品因此也有了竞争力。糟糕的是，那些便宜的替换品带来的危害甚至比他们所替代的毒品更大。 2011：汉译英原文现代社会无论价值观的持有还是生活方式的选择都充满了矛盾。而最让现代人感到尴尬的是，面对重重矛
2013年5月三级企业人力资源管理师 专业能力 一、简答题（本小题共2题，每小题15分，共30分） 1.简述制定具体人力资源管理制度的基本程序。（15分） 2..简述绩效改进的方法与策略。（15分） 二、计算题（本题1题，共15分。先根据题意进行计算，然后进行必要分析，只有计算结果没有计算过 程不得分）
价指标的岗位评价体系，但在与专家小组讨论如何制定岗位评价指标的计分标准时，大家各执一词，使他一筹莫展。 请结合本案例，回答下列问题： (1) 岗位评价指标的计量标准应由哪些基础标准组成？（6分） (2)在制定岗位评价指标的计分标准时，可采用哪几种计分标准和方法。（12分） 2.2010年10月8日，于某通过招工考试被录用为某商场营业员，双方当事人签订劳动合同，约定聘 用期3年，并明确试用期从2010年10月10日开始。于某上岗后，工作表现不错，得到主管和员工的一致好评。 2011年5月初该商场又从社会公开招聘女营业员50名。2011年7月7日，商场同时以试用期不符合录用条件为由解聘了30名女营业员，于某也接到了商场人事部的解聘通知。当日下午，于某到人事部质询，人事部负责人出示了2010年10月招聘女营业员的广告，其中规定，应聘者身高应在165厘米以上。于某身高只有160厘米，但在笔试和面试时表现都很非常出色，当时商场开业在即，怕一时招不到合适人选，因此决定录用于某为营业员。于某不服，向当地劳动争议仲裁委员会申诉，要求用人单位履行原劳动合同。 请结合本案例进行评析。（17分） 四、方案设计题（本题1题，共20分) 某公司是一家高科技企业，其科研人员经常需要外派接受专项培训，例如该公司一项赴德国的技术人员培训，每年需要派数十人参加，为期6个月，人均费用达10万元。 请为该公司设计一份培训服务协议，以明确公司和受训员工的责任和权利。（20分）
历年专八英译汉翻译真题 1995 I, by comparison, living in my overpriced city apartment, walking to work past putrid sacks of street garbage, paying usurious taxes to local and state governments I generally abhor, I am rated middle class. This causes me to wonder, do the measurement make sense? Are we measuring only that which is easily measured--- the numbers on the money chart --- and ignoring values more central to the good life? For my sons there is of course the rural bounty of fresh-grown vegetables, line-caught fish and the shared riches of neighbours’ orchards and gardens. There is the unpaid baby-sitter for whose children my daughter-in-law baby-sits in return, and neighbours who barter their skills and labour. But more than that, how do you measure serenity? Sense if self? I don’t want to idealize life in small places. There are times when the outside world intrudes brutally, as when the cost of gasoline goes up or developers cast their eyes on untouched farmland. There are cruelties, there is intolerance, there are all the many vices and meannesses in small places that exist in large cities. Furthermore, it is harder to ignore them when they cannot be banished psychologically to another part of town or excused as the whims of alien groups --- when they have to be acknowledged as “part of us.” Nor do I want to belittle the opportunities for small decencies in cities --- the eruptions of one-stranger-to-another caring that always surprise and delight. But these are,sadly,more exceptions than rules and are often overwhelmed by the awful corruptions and dangers that surround us. 对我的几个儿子来说，乡村当然有充足的新鲜蔬菜，垂钓来的鱼，邻里菜园和果园里可供分享的丰盛瓜果。乡下有不用付报酬便可请来照看孩子的邻居，作为回报，我儿媳也帮着照看其孩子。乡邻之间互相交换技能和劳动。但比之更重要的是，你如何来衡量那静谧与安详？如何来衡量自我价值呢？ 我无意将小地方的生活理想化。因为有时外面的世界会无情地侵入：比如汽油价格上涨，开发商把眼睛盯住尚未开发的农田；那里充斥着凶残和偏狭，大城市的种种卑劣行径，小地方也一应俱全。不仅如此，当人们无法自欺欺人地硬把那些丑恶现象想象成只是小地方的一小部分或将它们解释为异乡人的为所欲为，而又不得不承认这一切是我们的一部分时，就更难以忽视它们。 1996 It should have been easy. They were battle-tested veterans with long ties to Reagan and even longer ties to the Republican party, men who understood presidential politics as well as any in the country. The backdrop of the campaign was hospitable, with lots of good news to work with: America was at peace, and the nation’s economy, a key factor in any election, was rebounding vigorously after recession. Furthermore, the campaign itself was lavishly financed, with plenty of money for a top-flight staff, travel, and television commercials. And, most important, their candidate was Ronald Reagan, a president of tremendous personal popularity and dazzling communication skills. Reagan has succeed more than any president since John F. Kennedy in projecting a broad vision of America – a nation of renewed military strength, individual initiative, and smaller federal government. 这应该不是件难事。这都是些跟着里根多年、久经沙场的老将，他们跟共和党则有更深厚的渊源，是这个国家里最熟悉总统政治的人。竞选的背景也很有利，也很多好消息可供炒作。例如，美国上下一片和平，美国经济这一竞选要素也在经过一段时间的衰退之后开始强劲反弹。此外，这次竞选本身得到了慷慨资助，因此有充裕的资用于组织一流的竞选班子、支付巡回演讲和电视广告的费用。而最重要的一点是，他们的候选人是罗纳德·里根，他可是位极具个人魅力和沟通技巧的总统。自约翰·F·肯尼迪总统以来，里根是最成功地勾勒出美国蓝图的总统：一个军事力量复兴、富有个人进取心、联邦政府得以精简的国家。
2016上外翻硕英语基础真题 I.Cloze Here's why the'American century'will survive rise of China In1941,Time editor Henry Luce proclaimed“the American century”.Some now see this coming to an end1.as a result of the nation’s economic and political decline.Many point to the example of US failure to convince its allies to stay out of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank,Beijing’s rival to the World Bank;but this was2.more of an example of a faulty decision than evidence of decline,which raises the question of what is the natural life cycle of a nation. A century is generally the limit for a human organism,but countries are social constructs. Rome did not collapse until more than three centuries after it reached its apogee of power in 117AD.After American independence in1776,Horace Walpole,the British politician, lamented that his nation had been reduced to the level of Sardinia,just as Britain was about to enter the industrial revolution that3.powered its second century as a global power. Any effort at assessing American power in the coming decades should 4.take into account how many earlier efforts had been wide of the mark.It is chastening to remember how wildly5.exaggerated US estimates of Soviet power in the1970s and of Japanese power in the1980s were.Today,some see the Chinese as10feet tall and proclaim this“the Chinese century”. China’s size and relatively rapid economic growth will bring it closer to the US in terms of its power resources in the next few decades.But this does not necessarily mean it will surpass the US in military,economic and soft power. 6.Even if China suffers no big domestic political setback,many projections are simple linear extrapolations of growth rates that are likely to slow in the future. 7.Moreover,economic projections are one dimensional.They ignore US military and soft power advantages,such as the desire of students around the world to attend US universities.They also overlook China’s geopolitical 8.disadvantages in the Asian balance of power,compared with America’s relations with Europe,Japan and India,which are likely to remain more favourable. It is not impossible that a challenger such as China,Europe,Russia,India or Brazil will surpass the US in the first half of this century,but it is not likely. On the question of absolute rather than9.relative American decline,the US faces serious problems in areas such as debt,secondary education,income in equality and political gridlock, but these are only part of the picture.On the positive side of the ledger are favourable trends in demography,technology and energy as well as abiding factors such as geography and entrepreneurial culture. The scenarios that could10.precipitate decline include ones in which the US overreacts to terrorist attacks by turning inwards and thus cuts itself off from the strength it obtains from openness.Alternatively,it could react by overcommitting itself and wasting blood and treasure as it did in Vietnam and Iraq. As an overall assessment,describing the21st century as one of American decline is inaccurate and misleading.Though the US has problems it is not in absolute decline,unlike ancient Rome,and it is likely to remain more powerful than any single state in coming decades.
设计题 企业人力资源管理师三级历年真题 2007.05—2013.11 一、2007年5月 某公司为人力资源部经理草拟了一份工作说明书,其主要内容如下: 1、负责公司的劳资管理．井按绩效考评情况实施奖罚： 2、负责统计、评估公司人力资源需求情况，制定人员招聘计划井按计划招聘公司员工； 3、按实际情况完善公司《员工工作绩效考核制度》； 4、负责向总经理提交人员鉴定、评价的结果； 5、负责管理人事档案； 6、负责本部门员工工作绩效考核： 7、负责完成总经理交办的其他任务? 该公司总经理认为这份工作说明书格式过于简单-内容不完整，描述不准确。 请为该公司人力资源都经理重新编写一份工作说明书。(22分) 答：为该人力资源部经理重新编写一份公作说明书如下： (1)基本资料。土要包括岗位名称、岗位等级(即岗何评价的结果)、岗位编码、定员标准、 直接上、下级和分析日期等方面识别信息。 (1分) (2)岗位职责。主要包括职责概述和职责范围。 (2分) (3)监督与岗何关系。说明本岗位与其他岗位之间在横向与纵向上的联系。 (2分) (4)工作内容和要求。对本岗何所要从事的主要工作事项作出的说明。 (2分) (5)工作权限。 (2分) (6)劳动条件和环境。 (2分) (7)工作时间。包含工作时间长度的规定和工作轮班制的设计等两方面内容。 (2分) (8)任职资格。由工作经验和学历条件两个方面构成。 (2分) (9)身体条什。结台岗位的性质、任务对员工的身体条件做山规定.包括体格和体力两项具体 的要求。 (2分) (10)心理晶质要求。岗位心理晶质及能力等方面要求，应紧密结合本岗位的性质和特点深入 进行分析，井作出具体的规定。 (2分) (11)专业知识利技能要求。 (2分) (12)绩效考评。从品质、行为和绩效等多个方面对员工进行全面的考核和评价。(1分) 参考答案： 人力资源部经理工作说明书 一、基本资料(1分) 岗位名称：人力资源部经理 岗位等级：岗位编码: 所属部门:人力资源部 直接上级:总经理直接下级： 定员标准1人分析日期：
2014.12.1st 反应在艺术和文学中的乡村生活理想是中国文明的重要特征。这在很大程度上归功于道家对自然地感情。传统中国画有两个最受青睐的主题，一是家庭生活的各种幸福场景，画中往往有老人在下棋饮茶，男人在耕耘收割，妇女在织布缝衣，小孩在户外玩耍。另一个则是乡村生活的种种乐趣，画有渔夫在湖上打渔，农夫在山上砍柴采药，或是书生坐在松树下吟诗作画。这两个主题可以分别代表儒家和道家的生活理想。 Rural life ideals reflected in Chinese arts and literature is an important feature of Chinese civilization. This is largely attributed to feelings of Taoism to the nature. There are two most popular themes in traditional Chinese paintings. One is various scenes of happy family life with the elderly drinking teas and playing chess, men plowing and harvesting, women sewing and weaving, or children playing outdoors. The other is a variety of fun in rural life with a fisherman fishing on the lake, farmers cutting firewood or collecting medicinal herbs, scholars reciting poems or painting pictures under a pine tree. These two themes represent separately Confucian and Taoist ideal life.
英语专业八级考试翻译原题及参考谜底 令狐采学 CE:暮色中，河湾里落满云霞，与天际的颜色混合一起，分不清哪是流云哪是水湾。也就在这一幅绚烂的图画旁边，在河湾之畔，一群羊正在垂头觅食。它们几乎没有一个顾得上抬起头来，看一眼这美丽的黄昏。也许它们要抓紧时间，在即将回家的最后一刻再次咀嚼。这是黄河滩上的一幕。牧羊人不见了，他不知在何处歇息。只有这些美生灵自由自在地享受着这个黄昏。这儿水草肥美，让它们长得肥滚滚的，像些胖娃娃。如果走近了，会发明它们那可爱的神情，洁白的牙齿，那丰富而纯真的脸色。如果稍稍长久一点打量这张张面庞，还会生出无限的怜悯。 Beside this picture with profusions of colors, a group of sheep are lowing their heads, eating by the river bank. Hardly none of them would spare some time to raise their eyes to have a glance at the beautiful dusk. They are, perhaps, taking use of every minute to enjoy their last chew before being driven home. This is a picture of the Yellow River bank, in which the shepherd disappears, and no one knows where he is resting himself. Only the sheep, however, as free creatures, are joyfully appreciating the dusk. The exuberant water plants have nutrited the sheep, making them grow as fat as balls.