定语从句用法详解
英语句子中用来修饰名词、代词或句子的从句叫做定语从句。
定语从句在句子中的作用相当于形容词，因此也被称为形容词性从句，它可以用来修饰一个名词或代词，也可用来修饰句子中的某个短语，甚至整个句子。
1.被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词。
2.引导定语从句的词被称为关系词，它包括关系代词和关系副词两种。
I 定语从句中关系词的分类及用法
关系词不仅在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，而且作从句中的一个成分。
II定语从句的分类
根据定语从句与先行词之间关系的紧密程度，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句和间隔式定语从句。
1.限制性定语从句：限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰、限制与确定的作用，若去掉它，先
行词便不能明确表示其所指对象，因此，限制性定语从句和它的先行词
所指意义有着不可分割的联系，不能用逗号与先行词隔开。
1）He has two sons who work in the same company.
他有两个在同一家公司工作的儿子。
2）I'll never forget the day when we first met each other.
我将永远忘不了我们初次见面的那一天。
3）This is the factory where/in which I worked ten years ago.
这是我十年前工作过的工厂。
2.非限制性定语从句：非限制性定语从句对先行词或主句起补充说明的作用，即使省去也
不影响主句的语义完整性。非限制性定语从句与先行词或主句之间常
用逗号隔开。
Yesterday Jimmy left for Canada, where he had stayed for two years.
昨天吉米动身到加拿大去了，他曾在那儿呆过两年。
We have three foreign teachers, two of whom are from America.
我们有三个外教，其中两个来自美国。
3.间隔式定语从句：间隔式定语从句是指为了某种特殊的需要，与先行词分离的定语从句。
The day will come when the people all over the world will win peace.
全世界人民得到和平的日子就要到来了。
There are altogether eleven books on the shelf, of which five are mine.
书架上共有十一本书，其中五本是我的。
III关系代词引导的定语从句
1.关系代词的作用：1）代替先行词
2）连接先行词与定语从句
3）在定语从句中作句子成分
注意：关系代词的用法与分类有三点依据：
1）根据所引导的从句的限制性和非限制性；
2）根据所替代的先行词是指人还是指物；
3）根据它在从句中所充当的成分-主语、宾语、表语或定语。
2.关系代词的用法：关系代词指代的是先行词，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。
作宾语时，口语中常可以省略；
如果关系代词作介词的宾语且介词提到关系代词的前面时，关系代词不能省略。
1）who; whom; whose
who, whom二者都用于指人。who在定语从句中作主语、宾语，whom在定语从句中作宾语。
作宾语时二者可以换用，也可省略；
但在宾语且介词提到关系代词的前面时，关系代词不能省略。
The policeman to whom I spoke is my brother.
刚才和我讲话的那个警察是我弟弟。（作介词宾语）
He is a man who doesn't care about anything.
他是个对什么都不在乎的人。（作主语）
Yesterday I happened to meet the professor (who/whom)I got to know at the party.
昨天我碰巧遇见了那位我在一次聚会上认识的教授。（作动词宾语）
whose一般指人，但有时也指物，在定语从句中作定语，表示所属关系。
This is the scientist whose achievements are well known.
这就是那位拥有卓越成就的科学家。
Look out! Don't get too close to the house whose roof is under repair.
当心！不要太靠近屋顶正在维修的房子。
注意：（1）whose有时可用“of which/whom+限定词+n.”或“限定词+n.+of which/whom”
替代。
You are the only one whose advice he might listen to.
= You are the only one of whom the advice/the advice of whom he might listen to.
只有你的建议他可能会听。
（2）当定语不表示所属关系，而是指代所提到的内容时，用which引导非限定性定语从句，译为“而这个（些）”。
I told him to see a doctor, which advice he took.
我叫他去看医生，他听取了这个建议。（which指看医生一事，而非医生的建议）2）which: which 指代事物，可做主语、宾语等，作宾语时可以省略。
The letter which came this morning is from my father.
今天早晨收到的那封信是我父亲寄来的。（作主语）
This is the necklace (which)I received as a birthday present.
这就是我收到的作为生日礼物的那条项链。（作宾语）
在非限制性定语从句中，只用which。
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.
我们上个月买的这幢房子很漂亮。
位于介词后指物的关系代词只用which。
The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop.
我过去住的那所房子现在变成了一家鞋店。
3）that指人或物，在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语。作宾语或表语时可以省略。
The picture (that) we are studying was drawn by a fifteen-year-old student.
我们正在研究的这幅画是一个十五岁的学生画的。
This is the book that has been translated recently by this young man.
这就是那个年轻人最近翻译的那本书。
注意：限制性定语从句中，必须用关系代词that的情况：
（1）当先行词是不定代词all, little, few, much, anything, everything, nothing, something, none, the one等时，只能用that。
Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?
你还有什么想要为自己辩解的吗？
You should hand in all that you have.
你应该把你拥有的一切都上交。
（2）当先行词被the only, the very（恰恰，正好）,the right等词修饰时，只能用that。
This is the very person that I'm waiting for.
这正是我在等的人。
The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.
我们能做的唯一的事情是给你提供资金。
（3）先行词有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时或者先行词本身就是序数词或形容词最高级时只用that。
What is the first American film that you have seen?
你看过的第一部美国电影是什么？
This is the best that has been used against pollution.
这是已经被采用的抵制污染的最佳办法。
（4）先行词既有人又有物时只能用that。
The guests spoke highly of the children and their performances that they saw at
the Children's Palace.
客人们高度赞扬了他们在少年宫看到的这些孩子及他们的表演。
Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?
你知道他们在谈论的人和事吗？
（5）当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时只用that。
Which is the bike that you lost?
哪一辆是你丢的自行车？
Who is the boy that won the gold medal?
获得金奖的那个男孩是谁？
（6）当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词在从句中也作表语时，只用that。
Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.
上海不再是过去的上海了。
（7）以here或there开头的句子只能用that。
Here is a hotel that you've been looking for.
这就是你一直在找的旅馆。
There is still a seat in the corner that has not been taken.
在角上还有一个未被占的座位。
（8）句子中有两个定语从句时，其中一个已用关系代词which，另一个宜用that，反之亦然。
They secretly built up a small factory, which produced things that could cause
pollution.
他们秘密地建起了一个小工厂，这个工厂生产会引起污染的东西。
Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly
open.
让我把从新开放的图书馆借来的那本小说拿给你看看。
4）as引导定语从句主要用于两种情况：一种是限制性定语从句，先行词由so, such或the same修饰；一种是修饰整个主句的非限制性定语从句。
（1）用于先行词前由as, so, such, the same修饰的限制性定语从句：
We have found such materials as are used in their factory.
我们已经找到了像他们工厂里用的那种材料。（as作主语）
You can take as many as you need.
你需要多少就拿多少。（第二个as作宾语）
He is not the same man as he was.
他和过去不同了。（as作表语）
注意：the same ... that 也常在定语从句中出现，但它表示“同一个，就是那一个”的意思；
the same ...as 表示“与......同样的”，但不是同一个。
This is the same book that I lost yesterday.
这就是我昨天丢的那本书。
This is the same book as I lost yesterday.
这与我昨天丢的那本书一样。
such... as... 引导的定语从句与such...that...引导的状语从句的区别：
He is such a clever boy as everyone likes.（定语从句）
他是一个人人都喜爱的聪明孩子。
He is such a clever boy that everyone likes him.（状语从句）
他是如此聪明的孩子以至于人人都喜欢他。
（2）as引导非限制性定语从句，先行词一般是整个句子，常出现在下列短语中：as we all know 大家都知道as I can remember 正如我所记得的
as often happens 这经常发生as we expect正如我们预料的那样
它引导的从句可以位于主句前，也可以位于主句后，还可以位于主句中间。
He is a great hero, as is described in the report.
正如报道中描述的那样，他是一个伟大的英雄。（as用作主语，位于主句后）
She is a famous film star, as we all know.
我们都知道，她是一个著名的影星。（as作宾语，位于主句后）
注意：as与which引导非限定性定语从句的区别：
as与which引导的非限定性定语从句都可以修饰整个主句，都可在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。
（1）as引导的从句表示说话人对话语的看法、态度、解释或评论，意为“正如，像，由......而知，与......一致”，翻译时有时可不必译出。常作实义动词（如see, know,
hear, watch, remember, say, tell, show, expect, guess等）的宾语。
As we had expected, the plan worked out very well.
正如我们所料，这个计划结果非常好。（as作宾语）
当as在从句中作主语时，后面常接动词的被动语态。
She has been absent again, as is expected.
她又缺席了，这在预料之中。
as引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，也可在主句后，还可在主句中。
As everyone knows, Shakespeare is a famous writer.
Shakespeare, as everyone knows, is a famous writer.
Shakespeare is a famous writer, as everyone knows.
众所周知，莎士比亚是一位著名的作家。
（2）which引导的此类从句对主句所叙述的事情进行补充说明，表明事物的状态或结果。which此时指前面主句提到的这件事，常译为“这一点，这件事”等。
which在句法上一般用作实义动词的主语或宾语，这时它所引导的从句与主句之
间常含有并列、因果关系。
Jim passed the driving test, which surprised everybody in the office.
吉姆通过了驾驶考试，这件事让办公室里所有的人都感到吃惊。
which引导的非限制性定语从句，主句与从句通常用逗号隔开，which只能位于
被修饰句子的后面。
The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect.
结果天气很好，超出了我们的预料。
当非限定性定语从句是否定句或表示否定时只能用which。
He came here very fast, which was unexpected. (not expected).
他迟到了，这是意料之外的。
当非限制性定语从句的谓语是一个复合宾语结构时，一般用which。
She was always speaking highly of her role in the play, which, of course, made the
others unhappy.
她总是吹嘘自己在剧中的角色，这当然使得其他人不高兴。
Betty always tells a lie, which her parents find strange.
贝蒂总是说谎，她的父母觉得奇怪。
IV 关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词主要有when, where, why等，在定语从句中作状语。关系副词在定语从句中不可省略。
1）when的用法：when指时间，在从句中作时间状语。
它的先行词通常为time, day, date, morning, night, week, year等表示时间的
名词，有时when也可以和部分介词一起引导定语从句。
Do you know the date when Lincoln was born?
你知道林肯的出生日期吗？
She went to Japan two years ago, since when I haven't heard from her.
她两年前去了日本，从那以后我没有收到过她的来信。
2）where的用法：where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常为place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, country等表示地点的名词。where引导的定语从句
还可以放在from后。
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
这就是我去年呆过的山村。
The little boy hid himself behind the door, from where he could see his mum
enter the room.
那个小男孩躲在门后，从那里他可以看见他妈妈进入房间。
3）why的用法：why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason, 在定语从句中作原因状语。
Is this the reason why she refused our offer?
这就是她拒绝我们帮助她的理由吗？
I have come around to explain the reason why I was absent from the meeting.
我来是为了向你解释我当时没到会的原因的。
4）关系副词的省略：在表示方式、时间或地点的先行词后，常用that来替代in which, when, where; that也可以省略。that在句中充当副词使用，只引导定语从句，
不作任何成分。被修饰的先行词常为the way（方法），the time（次数），
the direction（方向），the day(s)，the place(s)等。
Can you work out a way (that/in which) we can solve this problem?
你能找出一种我们能够解决这个问题的办法吗？
This is the third time (that/for which) he has been late this week.
这是他本周内第三次迟到。
Then came the day (that/when/on which) he had to leave.
到了他必须走的日子了。
V“介词+which/whom”引导的定语从句
“介词+which”可以替代when, where, why等；
“介词+whom/whose”在定语从句中没有与之对应的替代词。
1.替代when
I'll never forget the days on which (when) we studied together.
我永远忘不了我们一起学习的日子。
The year in which (when) the earthquake happened was 1976.
地震发生的那年是1976年。
2.替代where
This is the town in which (where) Shakespeare was born.
这是莎士比亚出生的城镇。
I forgot the exact place in which (where) I had hidden the box.
我忘记了埋藏这盒子的确切地点。
3.替代why
There's no reason for which (why) we shouldn't be friends.
我们没有理由不能称为朋友。
I'd like you to explain the reason for which (why) you were absent.
我想让你解释一下你没来的原因。
4.替代that
There are varieties of ways in which (that) we can solve this problem.
我们有很多方法可以解决这个问题。
March is the best time in which/ during which (that) farmers plough their fields.
三月是农民耕地的最佳时间。
5.“名词/代词+介词+关系代词”结构
此类结构常见的有“some/several/a few/ a little/many/more/most/the largest (land)+of+which/whom”等形式。
Here are the questions, some of which I thought difficult for you.
问题都在这儿，其中一些我认为对你来说太难。
Present at the meeting were almost experts on DNA, most of whom came from the US.
出席会议的大都是DNA方面的专家，其中大部分来自美国。
6.关系代词前介词的确定
1）依据定语从句中动词或形容词等所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定。
I bought a great many books, on which I spent all my money that I saved.
我买了很多书，这些书花了我积攒的所有钱。（on依据spend...on确定的）
Trading leather shoes is the business to which the Greens are devoted.
皮鞋生意是格林一家非常投入的事业。（to依据be devoted to 确定的）
2）依据与先行词搭配的具体意义而定。
In ten years, Jill went from working in the mailroom to running the company, in which more than 1,000 people now work.
在十年的时间里，吉尔从在邮局做起，一直做到开公司，现在有1,000多人在他的公司上班。
I'll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.
我永远不会忘记我在乡村度过的时光。
3）根据所表达的意思来确定。
The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.
这种无色的，离了它我们不能活的气体就是氧气。
You've anyway made some mistakes, except for which your performance would be the best.
你不知为什么犯了几个错误，要不是这几个错误，你的表演将会是最好的。
注意：1）在英语中有时为了强调某一名词，不定式前也可加上关系词。
Here is the money with which to buy a piano.
(= Here is the money to buy a piano with.) 这就是买钢琴的钱。
2）有些“动词+介词”短语（如look for, look after, call on等）如果介词提前将会失去动词短语的意义，所以不可把介词置于关系代词前。
My younger brother, after whom I have to look, is demanding. ×
My younger brother, whom I have to look after, is demanding. √
我得照看我的小弟弟，真是让人费神。
VI 关系词的省略
1.关系代词的省略
1）关系代词在从句中作动词宾语时可省略。
I have never regretted the decision (that/which) I made years ago.
我从来没为我几年前作出的决定感到后悔。
I have been to the city twice (that/ which) you just visited.
你刚参观完的那座城市我去过两次。
2）关系代词在从句中作表语时可省略。
After a score of years, Johnson is not the naughty boy (who/ that) he used to be.
二十年后，约翰逊不再是当年那个淘气的男孩子了。
The village is not the one (that) it was years ago. Great changes have taken place.
这个村庄不再是多年前的样子了，已经发生了巨大的变化。
3）关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语，而介词在从句句尾时可省略。
Generation gap is a problem (that) people are interested in.
代沟是人们感兴趣的问题。
Pamela's health is the biggest thing (which/that) her parents are greatly concerned about.
帕米勒的健康问题是她父母最担心的事情。
2.关系副词的省略
1）先行词the place后的关系副词可省略。
That's the place (where) he lived when he was in Paris.
这就是他在巴黎时所住的地方。
2）先行词the reason后面的关系副词可省略。
The reason (why) he did that is quite clear.
他那样做的理由是非常清楚的。
3）当先行词是way时，关系副词常常省略。
I appreciate the way (that) you teach us.
我喜欢你教我们的方式。
VII 定语从句中需注意的问题
1）This is the factory where he used to work.
这是他以前工作过的那家工厂。（work是不及物动词）
This is the factory that/which I visited last year.
这是我去年参观过的那家工厂。（visit是及物动词）
2）Is this the museum (that/which) you visited a few days ago?
这就是你几天前参观的那家博物馆吗？（从句缺宾语）
Is this the museum where the exhibition was held?
这就是举办展览的那座博物馆吗？（从句缺状语）
A doctor is a person who looks after people's health.
医生就是照顾人们健康的人。
She said she had finished her work, which I doubted very much.
她说她已经完成了她的工作，我对此深表怀疑。
We all honor and respect Albert Einstein, who is the greatest physicist in the world.
我们都敬重爱因斯坦，他是世界上最伟大的物理学家。
注意：当先行词是整个主句、专有名词或先行词有物主代词、指示代词修饰时，一般用非限制性定语从句。
3.定语从句与同位语从句的区别
1）相同点：定语从句和同位语从句都修饰名词。
2）不同点：句法作用不同：
定语从句起修饰限制作用，用来说明名词的性质、特征、来源出处等，属于形
容词性从句范畴；同位语从句是用来对前面具有具体信息内容或一定内涵的名
词，如idea, fact, news, hope, suggestion, proposal, thought, doubt等作进一步的解
释和说明，属于名词性从句的范畴。
（1）先行词不同：定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或是整
个主句，同位语从句的先行词只能是一个抽象名词。
（2）引导词不同：定语从句的引导词有that, which, who, whom, whose, when,
where, why, 介词+which/whom等；
同位语从句的引导词除有that, who, why, where, when之外还
有whether, how, what。
（that在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语，作宾语时可以省略；
然而在同位语从句中，that只起连接作用，无意义，不作任
何成分且不可以省略。）
I have no idea what has happened to him.
我不知道他发生了什么事。（同位语从句，补充说明idea的内容）
I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich.
我许诺如果谁让我自由，我就让他非常富有。
（同位语从句，补充说明promise的内容，that 不可省略）
The mother made a promise that pleased all her children.
妈妈许下了一个令她的孩子们高兴的诺言。
（定语从句，that在从句中作pleased的主语，不可省略）
Our team has won the game, which made us very happy.
我们的队赢了，这让我们很高兴。
（定语从句，which代指整个主句）
4.when, where引导的定语从句与状语从句的区别
when, where引导的定语从句往往要修饰一个表示时间或地点的先行词，其引导的状语从句则无先行词。
I'll never forget his surprise when we told him.
我永远不会忘记我们告诉他时他的惊讶表情。（时间状语从句）
I shall never forget the years when I lived in the countryside.
我将永远忘不了我在乡下居住的那些岁月。
（定语从句，when可用in which替换）
He found the book where he lost it the day before.
他在头一天丢书的地方找到了那本书。
（地点状语从句）
He found the book at the place where he lost it the day before.
他在头一天丢书的地方找到了那本书。
（定语从句，where可用at which替换）
5.定语从句的主谓一致
1）一般来讲，关系代词作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词在人称和数的方面应该与先行词保持一致。
Those who have good manners will be highly respected.
那些有礼貌的人会受到人们的高度尊重。
I, who am your new teacher, will try my best to teach you.
我，你们的新老师，将会尽力教你们。
2）当“one of +复数名词”作先行词，且关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数；
若one前有the, the only, the very, the right或just the等修饰时，则定语从句的谓语动词与one 一致。
You are the only one of the clerks who is invited to the party.
你是唯一一个被邀请参加晚会的职员。
You are one of the clerks who are invited to the party.
你是被邀请参加晚会的职员之一。
3）“some/many/little/few/a little/the largest/most等+of who/which”引导的非限制性定语从句并在定语从句中作主语时，谓语动词与of之前的部分一致。
The man pulled out a gold watch, the hands of which were made of small diamonds.
那人掏出一块金表，表针是由小钻石制成的。
The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, most of which are beyond your control.
植物的生长速度受多反面因素的影响，其中大多数因素是我们不能控制的。
高中英语复习专题：定语从句 一．概述 She is the girl who likes singing . 她是个喜欢唱歌的女孩。 ↓ ↓ ↘ 先行词 引导词 定语从句 定语从句：在句中作定语，修饰主句中的一个名词或代词，通常出现在先行词之后，由引导词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。只作整个句子的一个成份，起修饰和说明的作用。 关系代词：在从句中可作主语、宾语或定语 关系副词：在从句中作地点、时间或原因状语 结构： 主句的先行词 + 引导词（关系代词或关系副词）引导的定语从句 ↓ ↓ 二. 关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which, as 的基本用法 1. who ：在从句中作主语，只可指人 ①The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.
经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。（作主语） ②Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.任何犯法的人都应受到惩罚。（作主语） 2. whom：who的宾格，在从句中作宾语，只可指人 ①Who is the teacher whom Li Ming is talking to？正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？ ②The professor whom you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已经来了。 3. whose：属格，在从句中作定语，可指人或物。 ①Who is the girl whose father is a doctor? 父亲是医生的那个女孩是谁？ ②I want the book whose cover is red. 我要封面是红色的那本书。 ③I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。 【★】指人/物时，常用下列结构来代替whose+n.= the+n.+of which/ the+n.+of whom 或of which+the+n./ of whom+the+n. ①她就是我们班上发音最好的学生。 She is the student whose pronunciation is the best in our class. the pronunciation of whom is the best in our class. of whom the pronunciation is the best in our class. ②你看到窗户破了的房子吗？ Do you notice the house whose window is broken? the window of which is broken? of which the window is broken? 4. that：作主语、★宾语（可省略），可指人或物 ①Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作主语） ②China is not the country that she used to be.中国已经不是过去的中国了。(that作主语) ③The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语可省略） 5. which：作主语、★宾语（可省略），指物 ①Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。（作主语） ②The film （which）we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语） ③This is the pen (which ) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。（作宾语）
高中英语定语从句讲解及练习 定语从句是高中重点知识，也是高考常考点，大家也不容易掌握，这篇文章主要教你关系代词引导的定语从句 关系副词引导的定语从句判断关系代词与关系副词限制性和非限制性定语从句等内容，有例题讲解定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。 关系副词有：when, where, why等。 18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如： Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 2）whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose （of which）cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。 3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语） The package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作宾语） 18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 1）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于\"介词+ which\"结构，因此常常和\"介词+ which\"结构交替使用。例如： There are occasions when （on which）one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where（in which）I was born.北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why （for which）he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？ 2）that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和\"介+which\"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如： His father died the year （that / when / in which）he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place （that / where / in which）he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 18.3 判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。 I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。 判断改错： （错）This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对）This is the mountain village （which）I visited last year. （对）I'll never forget the days （which）I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关
T e a c h i n g D e s i g n Grammar — The Attributive Clause (I) (who, whom, which, that, whose) 淅川二高贾丽君 I. Teaching aims: 1. Help students understand what the Attributive Clause is and its function. 2. Enable students to use relative pronouns (who, whom, which, that, whose) in the Attributive Clause properly. 3. Encourage students to express their love to fathers using the Attributive Clause. II. Teaching important and difficult points: Enhance students’ proficiency and accuracy in using the relative pronouns to write the Attributive Clauses. III. Teaching methods: Task-based teaching method; Audio-lingual method; Cooperative learning; Group discussion IV. Teaching steps: Step I：Lead in 1. Guess a riddle. This is a man who loves us very much. This is a man whose love is as great as a mother’s.
高中英语定语从句详解 Ⅰ、概念: (１) 定语从句:在主从复合句中用作定语得从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词（antｅcedｅｎt)后面。 (2) 先行词:被定语从句修饰得成份。先行词可以为一个词,短语，或整个主句。 (3)引导定语从句得词叫关系词,分为关系代词与关系副词。 关系词得作用: 1) 引导定语从句，连接主句与从句,相当于一个连词; ２) 必在从句中作某个句子成份(可以做主语,宾语,表语,定语，状语) 常用得关系代词: ｔhat、wｈｉcｈ、wｈo、whom、wｈosｅ,当关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时，关系代词可以省略。 常用得关系副词(在从句中只作状语): when(时间状语）、why(原因状语)、wｈe ｒｅ（地点状语） 可以修饰人得关系代词:thａt, ｗho，wｈｏｍ,whosｅ 可以修饰事得关系代词:tｈat, whｉcｈ, as，whose, The studeｎt who answerｅd ｔhe ｑuestion was John、 Ｉkｎow thｅｒeasoｎwhy he wａｓso angｒy、 The bｏy （wｈom) ｙou are taｌkｉnｇｔo is myｂrotｈｅｒ、 Ｉ'd likｅ a ｒoｏｍwhose window fａｃesｔｈe sea、 定语从句三步： 第一找出先行词; 第二瞧先行词在定语从句中得语法功能（做主语、宾语、表语或状语); 第三选择合适得关系词。 Ⅱ、几个关系代词得基本用法: ●tｈat:可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语。(指人时,相当于whｏ或wｈｏｍ;指物时,相当于whiｃh)（一般不用于非限制性定语从句；不可置于介词后作宾语) 如: 1、A lｅtteｒthaｔ／which is wrｉtｔen in peｎcｉl is diffiｃult ｔo ｒead、（主语) 2、Do yｏu kｎｏw tｈe gentleman ｔhａｔ/ｗｈｏspoke just ｎｏw? 3、Ｙou can takｅａnything ( ｔhat)you like、(宾语) 4、Whaｔｉs thｅquestiｏｎ(ｔhat/whｉｃh) they aｒｅｔalｋing about? 5、Hｅreｉs theｍan （wｈo／whom/ｔhat) yｏu want tｏsee、 6、Ｓhe＇s no longeｒthe girl( that) sｈeｕsｅd to ｂe befｏre、（表语） 7、Ｏuｒhometｏwn iｓno ｌonger ｔhｅoｎe (thａt)it usｅｄto ｂe、(=Ｏｕr homeｔｏｗn iｓｎot tｈe sａｍe as it uｓed tｏｂe、 = Our hｏmｅtｏwn is diffeｒenｔfrom what iｔｕｓｅｄtｏｂe。 =Ouｒhometｏｗn ｉs notｗhａt it uｓed to ｂe、) ●which：指物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语。如： 1、Thｅboｏk which/thａｔwas ｏn the ｄeｓkｗａsｂought bｙｍy fatｈer、(主语) 2、Tｈｅboｏk(whiｃh/tｈaｔ) Ｉｂｏught yesteｒdaｙｉs very
定语从句讲解 一．基本介绍 ?功能：相当于adj,修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语。 ?位置：被修饰词之后 ?先行词：被定语从句修饰的词 ?关系词：连接先行词与从句的词称为关系词。 ?确定关系词的步骤：先看先行词，指的是什么；看关系词在充当的成份。 二．特殊用法
1.He was looking pleasantly at the children and parcels______filled his bus. 2.The village is no longer the one ___it was five years ago. 5.Such books____you bought are useful. 2
3.Which are the books____you bought for me? 6.____ is known,the earth is round. 4.There is a room,_____window faces the river. 7.There is lots of air in loose snow,_____can keep the cold out. 3
高中定语从句练习（整理） 1. They talked for about an hour of things and persons _____ they remembered in the factory. A. which B. that C. who D. whom 2. We are going to spend this Spring Festival in Beijing, _____ live our grandparents and some relatives. A. which B. that C. who D. where 3. There are many areas in the world _____ lack experienced doctors. A. where B. in which C. which D. what 4. The years and months _____ we spent together are really wonderful to us all. A. when B. on which C. in which D. that 5. _____ has been described above, it is a general rule that solids expand as the temperature increases and contract when they are cooled. A. It B. As C. That D. Which 6. A. who’s B. which C. whose 7. Susan is not the brilliant writer _____ she used to be. D. this A. which B. that C. who D. whom 8. I, who _____ your friend, will try my best to help you. A. be B. am C. are D. is 9. The size of the audience, _____ we had expected, was well over 1600. A. as B. that C. which D. who 10. They have started an investigation, _____ are being kept secret. A. whose detail B. whose the details C. the details of which D. the detail of it 11. Have you ever asked him the reason _____ may explain his absence? A. why B. for which C. which D. what 12. There were two rooms in the beach house, _____ served as a kitchen. A. the smaller of them B. the smallest of which C. the smaller of which D. smallest of which 13. He imagined various ways _____ he could teach her how to learn English well. A. / B. that C. in which D. A , B & C 14. The speed _____ light travels is said to be the maximum in the universe. A. in which B. by which C. at which D. from which 15. Can you think out a situation _____ this idiom can be used? A. in which B. that C. where D. A & C 16. China has hundreds of islands, _____ is Taiwan. A. in which the largest B. its largest of which C. of which the largest D. which the largest 17. We ate in a luxurious restaurant but it wasn’t such a good dinner _____ she had promised us.
高中英语语法重点难点回顾――定语从句 用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词 句子成分用于限制从句或非限制性从句只用于限制性从句 代替人代替物代替人或物 主语Who which that 主语Whom which that 宾语Whose(=of whom) whose(=of which) 例1：This is the detective who came from London. 例2：The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy. 例3：The desk whose leg is broken is very old. 例4：This is the room that Shakespeare was born in. 2．关系代词的用法 (1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如： All the people that are present burst into tears. (2) 如果先等词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, mush, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which, who，或whom。例如： (3) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。例如： There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom are well educated. (4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似，并可以指人。例如：He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy. (5) that可指人或物，在从句中作表语，（指人作主语时多用who）仅用于限制性定语从句中。 (6) which可作表语，既可指人，以可指物。指人时，一般指从事某种职业或是有种特征．品性或才能的人。Which 引导的定语从句可以限制性的，也可以是非限制性的。 (7) 如果作先作词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体，关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员，则用who。 (8) 先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应该用that。例如： The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely. (9) 如果先行词是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,关系代词应该用who 或whom，不用which。例如：Is there anyone here who will go with you? 3．“介词＋关系代词“是一个普遍使用的结构
定语从句 一、基本概念： 定语： 定语从句： Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now That is the house where he lived ten years ago. 引导词：关系词 关系代词有：that, who, whom, whose, which; 在从句中充当： 关系副词有：when, where, why. 在从句充当： 先行词： 定语从句中引关系词的作用： 二、关系词的用法： （一）关系代词的用法： 1． He is the man lives next door. The train has just left is for Shenzhen. 2． The man ________ we have just seen is a famous writer. Where is the book ___________I bought last week （二）关系副词的用法： 1． I still remember the time ________I first became a college student. Do you know the date __________Lincoln was born
(三) 使用关系副词应注意下列几点： 1．这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构： when = on (in, at, during…) + which; where = in (at, on…) + which; why = for which. 如： I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived. The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor. This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it. 2．当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，试比较： I’ll never forget the day _________ my hometown was liberated. I’ll never forget the days____________we spent together last summer. His father works in a factory____________radio parts are made. His father works in a factory______________makes radio parts. 三．限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 1．限制性定语从句 This is the telegram which he refers to. Is there anything (that) I can do for you 2．非限制性定语从句 This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago. As a boy, he was always making things, most of which were electric.
高中英语定语从句几个难点的教学 定语从句（Attributive Clauses）即从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。定语从句是高中语法的重要组成部分，也是历年高考考查的重点。虽然学生在初中就已经初步接触了定语从句，但是由于定语从句的关系词有多样性，先行词比较复杂，且从句本身的位置非常灵活的特点，所以学生会遇到很到让他们感到束手无策的定语从句问题。在笔者的教学实践中发现，大多数学生在关系词的确定，as既能引导限定性定语从句也能引导非限定性定语从句，“名词/代词/数词/比较级或最高级+of+关系代词”引导的定语从句及定语从句和其它从句的区别上等方面困惑较大。本文从以上几个方面进行反思。 一：引导定语从句的关系词的确定 正确选择关系词是掌握定语从句的关键。引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose, 和as。引导定语从句的关系副词有where, when, 和why。学生的困惑就在于碰到地点，时间，还有原因类的先行词时，就不知道是用关系代词还是关系副词了。例如： Group1：a) Is this the factory you visited last week? b) Is this the factory your father worked ten years ago? Group2：a) The day she spent with us was never to be forgotten. b) The day she played with us was never to be forgotten. 要准确地解决上面的两组问题，只要弄清楚一点，即关系词在定语从句中所充当的句 通过分析上面四个定语从句，我们很快就可以找出正确答案。Group1: a) that/which b) where Group2: a) that/which b) when 二：as既能引导限定性定语从句也能引导非限定性定语从句 学生对非限定性定语从句掌握得最好的是which引导的非限定性定语从句。as虽然在高中课本中和各类考题中都有出现，但教材上的语法归纳却涉及很少，是学生在定语从句学习中的一个盲点。但是as引导的定语从句也不难掌握。
高中英语定语从句练习 1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which 2.Do you know the man _______? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3.This is the hotel _______last month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed 4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5.That is the day ______I'll never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when 6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. which D. in which 7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working. A. where B. that C. which D. there 8.This is one of the best films _______. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked 9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day? A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked 10.The pen ______he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which 11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that 12.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old. A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom 13.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country? A. who B. who's C. which D. whose 14.I'm interested in ______you have said. A. all that B. all what C. that D. which 15.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday. A. which B. who C. what D. as 16.He isn't such a man ______he used to be. A. who B. whom C. that D. as 17.He is good at English, ______we all know. A. that B. as C. whom D. what 18.Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very much.
定语从句 思维导图 易考易错点总结 定语从句的用法较为复杂，高考除了单独考查定语从句外，还常常结合句式结构、时态等来综合考查。纵观近年各地高考试题，不难发现其考点主要包括： 1．考查如何正确选择关系词 解题思路：找出从句，确定被修饰词，即先行词→将先行词代入定语从句，判断先行词在定语从句中充当什么成分:若作主语、宾语、表语、定语，则选择关系代词；若作状语则选关系副词。 2．考查whose的用法 whose可以指代人或物，在定语从句中作定语，后跟名词。指物时，whose＋名词＝名词＋of which＝of which＋名词。如：The classroom whose door/the door of which/of which the door is broken is on the second floor. 3．考查as/which引导的非限制性定语从句 尤其要重视which，as引导的非限制性定语从句和that，what引导的主语从句的区别。4．考查定语从句中的主谓一致现象。 如：I, who am your close friend, will try my best to help you whenever you are in trouble. 5．考查“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，关系代词指人时用whom，指物时用which，不能用that。关系代词作定语时也可用whose。 如：The teacher in front of whose house stands a tall tree is very patient with his students. 同时还要注意包含复杂介词或代词短语的定语从句与并列句的区别。 如：(1)He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.(定语从句) (2)He loves his parents deeply and both of them are very kind to him.(并列句)
高一英语定语从句讲解 精华版 HUA system office room 【HUA16H-TTMS2A-HUAS8Q8-HUAH1688】
定语从句 一、基本概念：定语： 定语从句： Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now That is the house where he lived ten years ago. 引导词：关系词 关系代词有：that, who, whom, whose, which; 在从句中充当： 关系副词有：when, where, why. 在从句充当： 先行词： 定语从句中引关系词的作用： 二、关系词的用法： （一）关系代词的用法： 1． He is the man lives next door. The train has just left is for Shenzhen. 2． The man ________ we have just seen is a famous writer. Where is the book ___________I bought last week
（二）关系副词的用法： 1． I still remember the time ________I first became a college student. Do you know the date __________Lincoln was born (三) 使用关系副词应注意下列几点： 1．这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构： when = on (in, at, during…) + which; where = in (at, on…) + which; why = for which. 如： I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived. The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor. This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it. 2．当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，试比较： I’ll never forget the day _________ my hometown was liberated. I’ll never forget the days____________we spent together last summer. His father works in a factory____________radio parts are made. His father works in a factory______________makes radio parts.
高一英语定语从句教案 一、基本概念 1. 定语从句： 修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。 2. 先行词： 被定语从句修饰的名词 3. 关系词： 引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as；关系副词有where, when, why。关系词常有3个作用：1）引导定语从句。2）代替先行词。3）在定语从句中担当一个成分。 二、关系代词和关系副词的意义及用法 指人：who, that,(指人常用who,不常用that) 主语 指物：which, that 指人：whom, who, that（who常用在在非正式和口语体中） 宾语(关系代词作宾语时常可省略) 关系代词指物：which, that 定语：whose （whose + n.=of which + n. ） 关系词 时间：when 关系副词----状语地点：where = 介词+ which 原因：why 解题技巧：关键看从句缺何种成分 三、例句练习讲解 1.Yesterday I helped an old man ＿lost his way.昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。 2.The man ＿you met just now is my friend. 你刚才见到的那个人是我的朋友。 3.This is the pen ＿he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的笔。 4.He has a friend ＿father is a doctor. 他有个父亲是医生的朋友。 注意：whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替，例： 门坏了的那间教室很快就会被修好。 The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. 你喜欢那本封面是黄色的书吗？ Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow? 5.I still remember the day ＿I first came to this school.我仍然记得第一次来到这学校 的那一天。 6.Shanghai is the city ＿I was born. 上海市我出生的地方。 7.Please tell me the reason ＿you missed the plane. 请告诉我你错过航班的原因。 注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+which”引导的从句替换 8.易错题：This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起而做错题。
高中英语，定语从句的技巧 定语从句： 定语从句的两个重点词汇：先行词和连接词 简单句：I have a pen 我有一支钢笔 The pen is clean 这支钢笔是干净的 定语从句：I have a pen which is clean 我有一支干净的笔 Who和whom的用法；who 做主语和宾语，whom 做宾语，两个做宾语时可以省略 I know a man who is from America 我认识一个来自美国的男人 I know a man （who/whom）you talk with 我认识你和他聊天的那个男人Whose 的用法，通常在定语从句中充当定语 I know a man whose name is Tom 我认识一个叫做汤姆的人 Which的用法，通常在从句中充当主语或者宾语，在做宾语的时候，要省略 I see a desk which is clean 我看见一张很干净的桌子 I see a desk（that，which）you clean 我看见一张你清洗的桌子 that 的用法,通常可以和who，which 替换，做宾语的时候，通常省略
I see a desk which/that is clean 我看见一张很干净的桌子 I see a desk（which，that）you clean 我看见一张你清洁过的桌子 I see a man who/that is so tall ，我看见一个很高的人 I see a man （whom，that ）you talk with 我看见一个你和他谈话的人 As的用法， 1，在限定性定语从句中：遇见as，so，such，the same的时候， I want a shirt as beautiful as you bought yesterday 我想要买一件你昨天买的衬衫 The shirt is so clean as the snow outside 这个T恤就像外面的白雪一样干净I want such a house as you bought last year 我想要拥有一个像你去年买的一样的房子 He is such a tall boy that many people like him so much 他是如此高的男孩，以至于很多人喜欢他 I want the same watch as you bought yesterday 我想要一块像你昨天购买一样的手表 I want the same watch that you bought yesterday 我想要你昨天购买的那个手表