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小学语法---形容词和副词

小学语法---形容词和副词
小学语法---形容词和副词

知识要点:

一.形容词、副词的概念

形容词:我们把用来修饰名词、代词的词称为形容词。形容词主要描述人或者事物的性质、特征和状态。

副词:说明事情发生的时间、地点、原因、方式、等含义的词,我们称之为副词。多用来修饰动词或整个句子。二.形容词、副词的用法

1.形容词一般在句中作定语,放在名词或代词前面,都含有“……的”意思。如:

a nice watch 一只漂亮的手表an empty box 一个空箱子

a clever boy 一个聪明的男孩 a beautiful girl 一个美丽的女孩

delicious food 可口的食物an interesting book 一本有趣的书

a blue car 一辆蓝色的小汽车an exciting speech 一次令人兴奋的演讲

注意:形容词在修饰someone, somebody, something, anyone, anybody, anything, nobody, nothing 等不定代词时,需要置于其后。

如:something important (重要的事情) nothing interesting (没有什么有趣的)

2.形容词作表语(有些形容词只能作表语,放在系动词之后)

These flowers are blue. 这些花是蓝色的。

Bob looks smart today. 今天鲍勃看上去很精神。

有些形容词只能作表语,放在系动词之后, 如:asleep / alike / ill 等

The boy is asleep.

Lucy and Lily look alike.

Her mother is ill.

3.形容词做宾语补足语,放在宾语之后

(常用动词有make / paint / keep / find / want / like等后接名词或代词作宾语,再接形容词做宾语补足语,

补充说明宾语的状态、特征等。

We must keep our classroom clean.

Do you like your tea weak or strong?

The boy was beaten black and blue.

4.形容词与表示“长、宽、高、重、老、距离”的词连用时,常放在后面。

Tom is 1.7 meters tall.

My father is 30 years old.

The school is 100 meters away.

5.副词多用来修饰动词,可以放在句子的前面、中间、或最后。

They live happily. (happily快乐地,幸福地,修饰动词live)

They are listening to the teacher carefully. (carefully 认真地,修饰动词listen) Don’t speak loudly in class. (loudly 大声地,修饰动词speak)

注意:联系动词不用副词修饰,直接加形容词作表语。联系动词有feel / smell / ge t / become / turn / sound / look等)

Her face became pale. 他的脸色变得苍白。

The fish smells terrible . 这条鱼难闻极了。

The food tastes delicious. 这食物尝起来很可口。

This cloth feels soft. 这批布让人感觉很柔软。

6.部分形容词加-ly可以变成副词。如:

形容词副词

quick+ly quickly

slow+ly slowly

quiet+ly quietly

happy+ly happily

careful+ly carefully

注意:并不是以ly结尾的单词都是副词,名词+ly可变成形容词。如:

名词形容词

friend + ly friendly 朋友般的

love + ly lovely 可爱的

sister + ly sisterly 姐妹般的

brother +ly brotherly 兄弟般的

father + ly fatherly 父亲般的

mother + ly motherly 母亲般的

有些名词+y可以变成形容词。如:

名词形容词

rain + y rainy 下雨的

snow + y snowy 下雪的

cloud + y cloudy 阴天的

salt + y salty 咸的

sand + y sandy 有沙的

fog + y foggy 雾的

wind + y windy 有风的

三.形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则

大多数形容词、副词都有等级的变化,表示“比……更……”或“最……”。形容词用来表示物的等级差别一般有原级、比较级和最高级三种形式。如:

tall------taller------tallest ; little------less-------least ; fast-----faster------fastest

1.一般情况下,直接在原词后加-er,或加-est

如:quick------quicker-------quickest slow------slower------slowest

clever------cleverer------cleverest high------higher------highest

low------lower------lowest fast------faster------fastest

2.以不发音的e结尾的单音节词,比较级在原词后加-r,最高级在原词后加-st

如:nice------nicer------nicest large------larger------largest

white------whiter------whitest safe------safer------safest

3.以辅音字母加y结尾的双音节词,变y为i, 再加-er或-est.

如:heavy------heavier------heaviest easy------easier------easiest

early------earlier------ealiest happy------happier------happiest

4.重读闭音节结尾的形容词或副词,要双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-er或-est

如:fat------fatter------fattest red------redder------reddest

thin------thinner------thinnest wet------wetter------wettest

big------bigger------biggest hot------hotter------hottest

5.部分双音节或多音节词要在原词前面加more或most.

如:beautiful------more beautiful------most beautiful

useful------more useful------most useful

delicious------more delicious------most delicious

defferent------more different------most different

difficult------more difficult------most difficult

carefully------more carefully------most carefully

不规则变化:

good/well------better------best bad------worse------worst

many/much------more------most little------less------least

far------farther------farthest (指距离的远近)

far------further------furthest (表示程度上更进步)

old------older------oldest (表示年纪大)

old------elder------eldest (表示长幼关系)

四.形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法

1.形容词、副词的比较级经常用于两个同类的人或事物的比较,比较对象用than来连接。基本结构是:“主语+

谓语(系动词+形容词/副词比较级+than+对比成分

Your jacket is longer than mine.

She is cleverer than the other girls in the class.

The room is smaller than the earth.

The box is heavier than that one.

This story is more interesting than that one.

The weather in our hometown is warmer than that in Beijing.

注意:much / rather / far / a bit / a little / even 这些词常用来修饰比较级。如

He is much taller than Peter.

Lily is a little thinner than Lucy.

My mother is far nicer than my aunt.

2.形容词或副词的最高级用于三者三者以上的人或物的比较,表示人或事物在某个范围内“最……”形容词最高级前要用the,副词最高级前面的the可以省去。如:He runs (the) fastest in his class. 他在班上跑的最快。

Yao Ming is the tallest in Chinese basketball team. 姚明在中国篮球队里最高。

注意:as……as表示同级比较,两个as中间用原级

Lily is as tall as Lucy.

Lesson One is as interesting as Lesson Two. 第二课和第一课一样有趣。

not as/so……as表示否定,表示前者不如后者(so…as不能用于肯定)

Mike is not as clever as Tom. 麦克不如汤姆聪明。

He is not so tall as his sister. 他没有姐姐长得高。

注意:1.“one of the + 最高级+名词(复数)”整个短语为单数形式,谓语动词要用单数。如:One of the cleverest students in China will visit our school.

2.“比较级+and+比较级”“表示越来越…”如:He works harder and harder.

3. more + 形容词、副词表示前者比后者更……

less + 形容词、副词表示前者不如后者……

4.the + 比较级+…;the + 比较级+ …表示越…就越…

如:The earlier you come, the more you get. 来得越早,收获越多。

5.“which / who+动词+比较级/最高级+…”句型中,如果后面有两个选项,则用比较级;若有三个选项,

则用最高级。

如:Who studies harder, Tom or Pat?

Who studies the best, Ann, Tom or Peter?

Practice:

一.写出下列形容词的反义词

1.fat________

2.small__________

3.light________

4.long________

5.young________

6.good_________

7.weak________

8.cold_________

9.sad__________10.near______

11.fast_________12.up_________https://www.doczj.com/doc/5b16619172.html,te________14new_________15.warm______

16.high_________17.same________18.black__________19.expensive___________ 二.按要求写出下列单词的比较级和最高级

1.good________ ________

2.thin__________ _________

3.heavy_______ ________

4.happy_______ ________

5.bad__________ _________

6.little_________ ________

7.far__________ _______8.careful________ _________9.slow________ ________

10.well________ _______11.low__________ ________12. hot________ _________ 三.根据句意,用所给形容词或副词的正确形式填空

1.Winter is ________(cold) season of the year.

2.Jim works________(hard), but his brother works________(hard) than him.

3.This radio is not so_______(cheap) as that one.

4.It’s much________(h ot) today than yesterday.

5.Please listen to me________(careful).

6.I like getting up________(early).

7.Mr Smith is the__________(rich) man in this office.

8.Things are getting_______(bad) and______(bad).

9.It smells________(terrible).

10.The higher you climb, the _______(cold) it will be.

11.This match is ________(exciting) of the three.

12.My mother is the _______(busy) in my family.

13.Beijing is one of the_________(beautiful) city in China.

14.This book is ________(interesting) than that book.

15.Li Pin g’s home is _________(far) from the school in our class.

16.Which goes________(quick), the bus or the car?

17. I can swim as________( fast ) as the fish, I think.

18. Look! His hands are____________( big ) than mine.

19. I think you do these things_________( well ) than your classmates.

20. Whose bag is___________( heavy ), yours or mine?

21. Does Jim run as__________( slow ) as David? Yes, but Mike runs _________ ( slow ) than

them.

22. You have seven books, but I have_________( many ) than you. I have ten.

23. I jump___________( far ) than some of the boys in my class.

24.I’m very____________( thin ), but she’s___________( thin ) than me.

25. It gets_________and_________( warm ) when spring comes here.

26. The child doesn’t______(write) as ____(fast) as th e students.

27. My eyes are __________(big) than ________ (she).

28. My brother is two years __________(old) than me.

四.单项选择题

1. Which subject do you like_______, maths or English?

A.good

B.better

C.well

D.best

2.This red rose is _______of all flowers.

A.beautifuler

B.much more beautiful

C.the most beautiful

D.beautiful

3.My book is newer than________.

A.he

B.his

C.our

D.we

4.He is________student in his class.

A.good

B.better

C.the best

D.best

5.Look! The bee________than the bird.

A.fly higher

B.is flying higher

C.as high as

D.flies higher

6.His hens are ________and fat.

A.big

B.bigger

C.biggest

D.the biggest

7.She knows________about history than most people.

A.more

B.much

C.most

D.many

8.It was really an________story.

A.afraid

B.excited

C.exciting

D.worried

9.Which city is __________from here, Beijing or Shanghai?

A.far

B.farther

C.farthest

D.the farthest

10.This building is __________that tree.

A.so tall as

B.as tall as

C.so tall as

D.as taller as

五.翻译句子:

1.谁比Jim年纪大?是你。

________ is _________than Jim?________ are.

2.谁比David更强壮?是Gao Shan.

________ _________ than David? Gao Shan ________.

3.谁的铅笔更长,他的还是她的?我想是她的。

_________ pencil is _________,______or________?________is, I think.

4.谁的苹果更重,你的姐姐的还是你的弟弟的?我的弟弟的。

_________ apples ________ ________, your _______ or your _______?

My ____________ ___________.

5.你和你的叔叔一样高吗?是的。

_________ ________as _________as your uncle? Yes, I am.

6.他和他的朋友Jim一样年轻。

He _______ as __________ as ________ ________ Jim.

7.她和她的双胞胎哥哥一样胖吗?不,她比他瘦。

________ ________ as _________ as______ twin _______?

No, _________ _________ than him.

8.Yang Ling每天睡得比SuYang晚。

Yang Ling ________ to _______ ________ than Su Yang every day.

9.我跳得和Mike一样远。

I _________ as _______ as Mike.

10.Tom比你跑得快吗?不是的,他和我跑得一样快。

____ Tom _____ _____ than you? No, he _______. He_____ as_____ as_____.

11.多做运动,你会更强壮。

________ more exercise, you’ll ________ _________ soon.

12.我的科学很好,但是语文不好。

I ______ ________ at Science. But I don’t _________ well in Chinese.

13. 你放风筝比王兵放得高吗?不,我比他放得低。

____you_______the kite_____than Wang bing? No,I______it _____than___.

14.我喜欢游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。

I like_______. All my______ _______ _______than me.

15.我的姐姐起得比我早。

My_____ _____ up _____than me.

16.女孩比男孩唱得好吗?是的。

____the girls______ ______ ______the boys? Yes, they ____.

17.她不擅长体育。但我跳得没有她高。

She doesn’t ____ _____ in PE.But I don’t ______ _____than_____.

18.你足球踢得比你的同班同学好吗?不,他们踢得和我一样好。

___ you ____football _____than your classmates? No, they____as____as me.

19.我母亲比我父亲年纪小。

My_____ _____ ______than my ______.

20.她的毛衣和我的一样重。

_____sweater_____ as_______as_____.

21.我的连衣裙太短了。我想买一条大点的。

My dress_____ too_____. I want to _____a______one.

22. I'm taller than Mike .(用原级的比较)

I'm _________ as ________ as Mike .

23.He isn’t so tall as his father. (改为同义句)

His father__________ __________ than him.

24.He runs faster than any other people in the class. (改为同义句)

He runs_______ _______in the class.

25.I like English better than maths. (用which来提问)

__________ ___________ you like better, maths or English?

26.Lesson One is interesting. Lesson Two is more interesting. (合并为一句话) Lesson One is _________ ____________than Lesson Two.

27.长江是世界上最长的河流之一。(翻译)

The Changjiang River is one of _________ __________ _________in the word.

2018中考英语形容词和副词用法总结

形容词和副词用法总结及练习 一、形容词: (一)概念:形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征,通常分成两类: 1. 直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词。 2. 叙述形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词,大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。 例如:afraid, asleep, awake, alone, alive, awake, ashamed, alike。 其他常见表语形容词:worth, ready, sorry, well (二)形容词在句中的位置:有的形容词放在被修饰的名词之前,称为前置形容词;少数形容词放在被修饰的名词之后,称为后置形容词。 1)当名词被多个前置形容词修饰时,形容词之间有一个先后顺序问题。一般规则为: (限定词)→一般描绘性形容词→表示大小、长短、高低的形容词→表示年龄、新旧的形容词→表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词→表示物质、材料的形容词→(名词)。如: There is a famous fine old stone bridge near the village. 2)【重点】当形容词词组相当于一个定语从句时,或形容词用来修饰somebody, something, anything, nothing 等的时候,便会出现后置形容词。如: The boy interested in music is my brother. Do you have anything interesting to tell us? 二、副词: (一)概念:用以修饰动词、形容词或其他副词的词叫做副词。例如:not(不),here(这里),now(现在)。 不少副词同时也可用作介词或其它词类。如: Have you read this book before? (副词,作时间状语) He will arrive before ten o’clock. (介词,before ten o’clock 是介词短语,作时间状语) (二)副词的种类 1、时间副词: 1)表示发生时间的副词:It’s beginning to rain now! 现在开始下雨了! 2)表示频繁程度的副词,也称频度副词:always, often, usually, sometimes, never, ever, hardly等一般位于系动词、情态动词和助动词之后,实义动词之前: She often changes her mind. 3)还有一些其他表示时间的副词:He has just had an operation. 他刚动过手术。 2、地点副词: 1)表示地点的副词:She is studying abroad. 她在国外留学。 2)以where 构成的副词也是地点副词:It’s the same everywhere. 到处都一样。 3、【重点】方式副词 1)英语中有大量方式副词,说明行为方式(回答how的问题):How beautifully your wife dances. 2)表示情绪的副词:She smiled gratefully. 3)还有一些以-ly结尾的副词,表示动作发生的状况:He left the town secretly. 4、【重点】程度副词和强调副词 1)程度副词可修饰动词,表示“到某种程度”:Is she badly hurt? 她伤得重吗? [说明] 这类副词除修饰动词外,还可修饰形容词(a)或另一副词(b): a. fairly simple 相当简单quite correct 完全正确 干得很快 2 b. 修饰比较级:You sing much better than me. Their house is much nicer than ours. 5. 【重点】疑问副词和连接副词 1)疑问副词:疑问副词用来引导特殊问句: 2)连接副词:连接副词意思和词形都和疑问副词一样,但都引导从句或与不定式连用: how: Do you know how to start this machine? 你知道这台机器怎样启动吗? where: I don’t know where he lives. 我不知道他住在哪儿。(引导宾语从句) 6. 一些其它类型的副词,如表示方向的副词:Let’s go ins ide. Take two steps forward. (三)副词的位置 1. 副词修饰动词时,通常可以放在句首、句中或句末。如: Usually I do my homework in the evening. (句首) I often get up at six. (句中) Please speak slowly. 2. 副词修饰形容词或副词时,通常放在形容词或副词的前面如: These flowers are quite beautiful. (在形容词前)这些花相当漂亮。

小学英语形容词副词专项练习

Name _____________ Date _____________ III 圈出正确的选项 1.Snow White is a (beautiful, beautifully) girl. 2. The dog is dancing (happy, happily). 3.He is (angry, angrily) with me. 4 Listen (careful, carefully). 5.Don’t drive so (quick, quickly). 6 He looks (tired, tiredly) today. IV翻译 (1)比较级的常用句型: 比较级+ than。 如I am taller than you. /I work harder than you./Who is richer, Ma Yun or Wang Jianlin? 1.海豚比鲸鱼游得快。_____________________________________________________________ 2.我比我爹起得早。_______________________________________________________________

3.Messi的足球踢得比Beckham好。_________________________________________________ 4.张老师和范冰冰谁更漂亮?_______________________________________________________ 5.语文和数学,哪科更容易?_________________________________________________________ (2)最高级常用句型: the + 最高级。 如Who is the richest man in the world? Bob is the tallest boy in our class. 6.世界上最小的鸟是什么鸟?_________________________________________________________ 7.大象是最大的陆地动物。_____________________________________________________________ 8.八月份是一年中最热的季节。_________________________________________________________ 9.我的画是全班最难看的了。____________________________________________________________ 10.我最擅长吃、睡、玩。________________________________________________________________ (3)同级比较常用句型:as … as 如Her hair is as black as ebony. Her lips are as red as blood. Her skin is as white as snow. So she is called Snow White. (她的头发像乌木一样黑,她的嘴唇像血一样红,她的皮肤像雪一样白。所以她叫白雪公主) 11.Tom和Jack一样高。________________________________________________________________ 12.Fred和May跑得一样快。______________________________________________________________ 13.我每天像蜜蜂一样忙碌。_____________________________________________________________

(完整版)形容词副词练习小学英语习题

小学英语语法习题——形容词、副词一、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级、最高级 old________ young_______ tall______ short________strong________ big________ fat________ thin__________heavy______ nice________ good_________ beautiful_________ ________ low_________high_________slow_______ fast________ late_________ early_________far_________ well_______ 二、根据句意填入单词的正确形式: 1. My brother is two years __________ (old)than me. 2. Tom is as ________ (fat) as Jim. 3. Is your sister __________ (young) than you? Yes,she is. 4. Who is ___________(thin), you or Helen? Helen is. 5. Whose pencil-box is __________(big),yours or hers? Hers is. 6. Mary’s hair is as __________(long) as Lucy’s. 7.Ben ______ (jump) ________ (high) than some of the boys in his class. 8.________ Nancy sing __________ (well) than Helen? Yes, she _____. 9.Fangfang is not as _________ (tall) as the other girls. 10.My eyes are __________(big) than ________ (she).. 11.Which is ___________(heavy), the elephant or the pig? 12.Who gets up _________(early),Tim or Tom? 13._____the girls get up_______(early) than the boys? No,they______. 14. Jim runs _____(slow). But Ben runs _____(slow). 15.The child doesn’t_____(write) as ____(fast) as the students. 三、翻译句子: 1、谁比Jim年纪大?是你。________ is _________than Jim?________ are. 2、谁比David更强壮?是Gao Shan. _________________ than David?Gao Shan________. 3、谁的铅笔更长,他的还是她的?我想是她的。 _________ pencil is _________,______or________?I think. ________ 4、谁的苹果更重,你的姐姐的还是你的弟弟的?我的弟弟的。 _________ apples________________,your _______ or your _______? My

英语形容词和副词的用法解析

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