阅读提速练
Ⅰ阅读理解
A
If you have the opportunity to visit some places in New Zealand, then the list below is our recommendation.
Fiordland National Park
This park is part of the South Westland World Heritage Area and is New Zealand’s largest national park and one of the largest in the world. The scenery in Fiordland is nothing short of extremely beautiful, with steep mountains, wild waterfalls, and abundant rain forests. Being able to come back and forth in its deep bay attracts most of the visitors.
The area has some of the world’s greatest walks including the world famous Milford Track, which was described as the finest walk in the world in the early twentieth century.
Abel Tasman National Park
Abel Tasman may be New Zealand’s smallest national park, but the attractions are huge. Located in one of New Zealand’s sunniest spots, the area also has the best beaches in the country.
The popular Abel Tasman Walk is a great way to see this park. It takes 3－5 days to complete. Sea taxis are also available and can drop you off at any number of beaches within the park.
Rotorua
Accessible from New Zealand’s biggest city, Auckland, Rotorua is famous for its volcanic activities. Rotorua is also famous for its plentiful lakes which are great for swimming and fishing. The surrounding area contains plenty of native bushes and some famous walks.
Rotorua is also the best area in the country to experience and learn about Maori culture.
Mt Cook National Park
Mt Cook as well as the surrounding area is an alpine(高山的) park within the World Heritage listed in South Westland. The biggest peaks in all of Australasia are here. The park doesn’t contain many trees or plants due to the altitude. Walks range from a two-hour walk to difficult tracks suitable for experienced mountaineers only.
A helicopter or plane ride gives visitors excellent views of the mountains with the option of landing at the top of Tasman Glacier, a true permanent snow-covered alpine environment.
【解题导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了新西兰值得游玩的几个地方。
1．The most impressive experience in Fiordland National Park may be________．
A．rock climbs B．forest camps
C．water jumps D．boat trips
D解析：推理判断题。根据Fiordland National Park部分第一段尾句“Being able to come back and forth in its deep bay attracts most of the visitors.”可知，能够在它的深海湾里来回穿梭会吸引大多数的游客；据此可以判断，在Fiordland国家公园，令人印象最深刻的经历是乘船旅行，故D项正确。
2．If you are interested in folk customs, you can go to visit________．
A．Fiordland National Park
B．Rotorua
C．Mt Cook National Park
D．Abel Tasman National Park
B解析：细节理解题。根据Rotorua部分第二段“Rotorua is also the best area in the country to experience and learn about Maori culture.”可知，Rotorua也是全国最好的学习毛利文化的地方；如果你对民间风俗感兴趣，可以去那里，故B项正确。
3．If you go to visit Mt Cook National Park, you can________．
A．view some amazing waterfalls
B．enjoy some tropical fruits
C．step on the top of Tasman Glacier
D．take walks in various bushes
C解析：细节理解题。根据文章最后一句可知，乘坐一架直升机或飞机并选择在Tasman Glacier顶部着陆，可以让游客欣赏到山区的美景，Tasman Glacier是真正的永久积雪覆盖的高山环境。据此可知，如果去Mt Cook国家公园，你可以登到Tasman Glacier顶部，故C 项正确。
B
The police in Taiwan are unable to judge whether to treat it as an extremely clever act of stealing or an even cleverer cheat. Either way, it could be the perfect crime, because the criminals are birds—homing pigeons!
The crime begins with a telephone message to the owner of a stolen car: If you want the car back, pay up. Then, the car owner is directed to a park, told where to find a bird cage and how to attach money to the neck of the pigeon inside. Carrying the money in a tiny bag, the pigeon flies off.
There have been at least four such pigeon pick－ups in Changwa. What at first seemed like the work of a clever stay－at－home car thief, however, may in fact be the work of an even lazier and more inventive criminal mind—one that avoids not only collecting money but also going out to steal the car in the first place. Police officer Chen says that the criminal probably has pulled a double trick: He gets money for things he cannot possibly return. Instead of stealing cars, he lets someone else do it and then waits for the car－owner to place an ad in the newspaper asking for help.
The theory is supported by the fact that, so far, none of the stolen cars have been returned. Also, the amount of money demanded—under 3，000 Taiwan dollars—seems too little for a car worth many times more.
Demands for pigeon－delivered money stopped as soon as the press reported the story. And even if they start again, Chen holds little hope of catching the criminal. “We have more important
things to do，”he said.
【解题导语】本文介绍了一种新型的犯罪行为。台湾的警察无法断定这到底是聪明的盗窃行为还是更加聪明的诈骗行为，因为罪犯是信鸽。
4．After the car－owner received a phone call, he________．
A．went to a certain pigeon and put some money in the bag it carried
B．gave the money to the thief and had his car back in a park
C．sent some money to the thief by mail
D．told the press about it
A解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Then, the car owner is directed to a park, told where to find a bird cage and how to attach money to the neck of the pigeon inside.”可知，车主接到电话后，他会被指示去某个公园找到鸟笼，把钱系到鸟笼内鸽子的脖子上。故选A项。
5．The writer mentions the fact that “none of the stolen cars have been returned”to show________．
A．how easily people get fooled by criminals
B．what Chen thinks might be correct
C．the thief is extremely clever
D．the money paid is too little
B解析：推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“He gets money for things he cannot possibly return.”可知，警察认为那些丢车的人根本不可能拿回他的车。故选B项。
6．The underlined word “they”in the last paragraph refers to________．
A．criminals B．pigeons
C．the stolen cars D．demands for money
D解析：词义猜测题。上文提到一旦报纸报道了这件事，这样的事情就没有了。由此可知they就是指代上文提到的Demands for pigeon－delivered money。故选D项。
C
I’m sometimes told, “You have to make your own luck. If you don’t try something, how can you succeed？” This is very true for competitions.
There are people who regularly take part in all sorts of competitions with great enthusiasm. These people are nicknamed compers. The motivation for being a comper is obvious：it’s about being a winner and being rewarded with a prize. These prizes can be small or large：from a box of chocolates to a new car, a trip of a lifetime around the world, or even a new house. Isn’t that worth competing for?
Of course competitions that offer money prizes attract entry from millions of people, making the odds of winning very unlikely. But one man who has been lucky is a retired lecturer from the U．K. called Martin Dove. He is a serial comper and has managed to bag prizes such as a yacht
and a racehorse.
Martin says：“I’ve been a comper for 40 years. It’s like admitting some addiction, isn’t it？” He gets respect from other compers and also admits，“Some people have called me the Master of Comping, the King of Comping, the Guru of Comping. But it’s just a word, just a phrase. It’s just because I frequently appeared in the media.”
For many, winning remains a dream, but they continue to try their luck as there’s always a small chance that they might succeed. But what if you do win? Then you have to ask：how am I going to spend all that money? Some people say that “money can’t buy you happiness”. What do you think?
【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，阐述了一种社会现象：有些人总是热衷于参加各种形式的比赛活动，目的就是获奖。你是否有过类似的经历呢？
7．What does the author mean by “This is very true for competitions.”？
A．Competitions bring people luck.
B．One must be in a competition to win it.
C．Trying gets people to succeed.
D．People naturally compete with each other.
B解析：推理判断题。This指的应是前面的“If you don’t try someting, how can you succeed？”，再结合第二段提到的人们参加比赛赢奖可知，此处指的是对于比赛来说，一个人必须先参与进去然后才有可能赢得比赛，故选B。
8．Who are compers?
A．Those always standing out in competitions.
B．Those addicted to entering competitions.
C．Those often entering competitions for prizes.
D．Those competing for others’recognition.
C解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“There are people who regularly take part in all sorts of competitions...it’s about being a winner and being rewarded with a prize.”可知，compers 指的是那些频繁地参加比赛以获取奖品的人。故选C。
9．What does the underlined word “odds” probably mean?
A．Possibility.B．Investment.
C．Importance. D．Advantage.
A解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“Of course competitions that offer money prizes attract entry from millions of people，making the odds of winning very unlikely.”并结合常识可知，比赛的奖金是有限的，而参赛的人越多，获奖的概率就越小。由此可知，odds
的意思是“概率，可能性”。故选A。
10．What do Martin’s words suggest?
A．Any job can offer opportunities.
B．He has attracted considerable attention.
C．Persistence is the key to his success.
D．He has set a good example to others.
B解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的最后两句及第四段的内容可知，Martin经常参加比赛，而且得到了一些大奖并赢得了其他参赛者的尊重，甚至一些人称其为“参赛大师”、“参赛大王”、“参赛专家”。由此可知，Martin得到了广泛的关注。故选B。
Ⅱ七选五
Your first step toward healthy living is to get a handle on your health status right now. Here’s your to－do list：
Assess your activity.How much physical activity do you get in a typical week?
1.________？How much variety do you get in your activity, and how much do you enjoy it? The CDC recommends that adults get at least two and a half hours per week of moderate－intensity aerobic activity or one hour and 15 minutes per week of vigorous－intensity aerobic activity, plus muscle－strengthening activity at least two days per week.
Keep a food diary. Write down everything you eat for a day—and no fair skipping the items you’re embarrassed about. “2.________，”says Kathianne Sellers Williams, MEd, RD, a nutritionist, wellness coach, and personal trainer with Cafe Physique in Atlanta. “You can’t change what you’re not aware of or don’t acknowledge.”
Check your mood and energy. Healthy living includes emotional wellness and adequate rest. How has your mood been lately? 3.________？Do you usually sleep well for seven to eight hours a night?
4．________. How strong are your connections with family and friends? Are you plugged into social or spiritual groups that enrich your life? “People have a fundamental need for positive and lasting relationships，”C. Nathan DeWall, assistant professor of psychology at the University of Kentucky, tells WebMD.
If you’re not thrilled with the answers to some of those questions, remember that the point is to figure out where you are today so you can set your healthy living goals. It’s not about being “good” or “bad”，“right”or “wrong”. 5.________.
A．How intense is that activity
B．Consider your social network
C．The idea is to write it down without judgment
D．It’s time to learn something about the social apps
E．It’s OK if you leave out some items in your food diary
F．It is the awareness of your own state of health that matters
G．Are you experiencing any symptoms of depression or anxiety
【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了掌握自身健康状况的方法。
1．A解析：根据该段主题句“Assess your activity.”以及关键词activity可知A项与此处匹配。A项与“How much physical activity do you get in a typical week？”及“How much variety do you get in your activity, and how much do you enjoy it？”为并列问句。
2．C解析：根据空前的“Write down everything you eat for a day—and no fair skipping the items you’re embarrassed about.”可知，空处应讲的是不做评判地记下一天要吃的食物。所以C项正确。
3．G解析：空前一句“How has your mood been lately？”中的关键词mood与G项中的“any symptoms of depression or anxiety”相呼应；G项与空后的“Do you usually sleep well for seven to eight hours a night？”为并列问句。
4．B解析：根据空后的“How strong are your connections with family and friends? Are you plugged into social or spiritual groups that enrich your life？”和“People have a fundamental need for positive and lasting relationships”可知，本段主要讲述的是要有社交活动，B项中的“social network”与此呼应。所以选B。
5．F解析：根据空前的“It’s not about being ‘good’or‘bad’，‘right’or‘wrong’．”可知，选F项“意识到你自身的健康状况是很重要的”。
语言运用与写作规范练
Ⅰ完形填空
Ten years ago, a doctor told me something was wrong with my lung and I had to give up work at once and went to bed.I was totally __1__ and felt I was suddenly placed under __2__ of death with an indefinite reprieve(缓刑). After careful thought, I __3__ my affairs; then I went home and got into bed.But 2 years later, I left my bed and __4__ the long climb back.It was another year __5__ I made it.
I speak of this experience because these past years have __6__ me what to value and what to believe.I __7__ now that this world is not my oyster(牡蛎) to be opened but my __8__ to be grasped.
I’ve also learned that it’s necessary to __9__ those little but important things I never thought I would __10__ before: the music of the wind in my favorite pine tree, the __11__ of sunlight on running water. I seem now, with some of the __12__ freshness of childhood, to hear and see. How well, __13__，I recall the touch of the earth the day I first stepped upon it after the years in bed. It
was like __14__ one’s citizenship in a world one had nearly lost.
Frequently, I __15__ myself that I need make notes of this __16__ I’m living in now, because in it I’m well，__17__ doing what I like best.It won’t always be like this，__18__ I’ll make the most of it and be grateful.I __19__ all this to that long time spent in bed. Wiser people come to this __20__ without having to acquire it the hard way. But I wasn’t wise enough.I’m wiser now, a little, and happier.
【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。一场重病让作者明白了什么是人生中最重要的东西。因此他对自己当下所拥有的倍加珍惜，并心存感激。
1．A.confused B．shocked
C．determined D．annoyed
B解析：根据上文中的“Ten years ago，a doctor told me something was wrong with my lung and I had to give up work at once and went to bed.”可知，当被告知自己的肺部出了问题且不得不立即放弃工作卧床休息时作者感到非常震惊(shocked)。confused “困惑的”；determined “坚决的”；annoyed “恼怒的”。
2．A.trial B．pressure
C．sentence D．control
C解析：作者突然觉得自己好像是被判了死缓一样。根据语境尤其是下文的“with an indefinite reprieve(缓刑)”可知，此处应选sentence “宣判，判刑”。under sentence of death “被判处死刑”。
3．A.made up B．set up
C．took up D．cleared up
D解析：仔细思考之后，作者把手头的事务处理掉，然后回家了。根据上文中的“I had to give up work at once and went to bed”可知，clear up“解决，清理”符合语境。make up “组成，编造”；set up “设立”；take up “开始从事，占据”。
4．A.recalled B．began
C．avoided D．accepted
B解析：两年后，作者离开了病床，开始(began)了漫长的重回之前的生活状态的“攀登”。recall “回忆起”；avoid “避免”；accept “接受”。
5．A.when B．after
C．since D．before
D解析：过了一年，作者就做到了。It was/is＋一段时间＋before...是固定句型，意为“过了……才/就……”。
6．A.assigned B．taught
C．treated D．assured
B解析：作者谈及这段经历是因为那些过去的岁月教会(taught)了作者应该珍惜什么，相信什么。assign “分配，分派”；treat“招待”；assure“使确信”。
7．A.admit B．demand
C．expect D．realize
D解析：现在作者意识到(realize)这个世界不是等待他去打开的牡蛎，而是需要他去抓住的机会。admit “承认”；demand “要求”；expect “期待，期望”。
8．A.knowledge B．opportunity
C．attention D．point
B解析：参见上题解析。grasp the opportunity “抓住机会”，是固定搭配。knowledge “知识”；attention “注意力”；point “观点”。
9．A.dismiss B．list
C．define D．appreciate
D解析：作者也学会了欣赏(appreciate)那些不起眼的但很重要的东西，而作者之前从未想过自己会去注意这些东西。dismiss “不予理会，不予考虑”；list “列举”；define “给……下定义，解释”。
10．A.notice B．record
C．remember D．track
A解析：参见上题解析。notice “注意到”；record “记录”；remember “记得”；track “跟踪”。
11．A.shadow B．shake
C．play D．feeling
C解析：play “轻快变幻的动作，闪烁”，the play of sunlight on running water“阳光在流动水面上的闪烁”。
12．A.damaged B．recovered
C．faded D．changed
B解析：作者重新找回了童年时期看待事物的新鲜感。recovered “重新获得的，重新找到的”，符合语境。
13．A.in contrast B．in return
C．for instance D．by chance
C解析：比如，回想起自己卧床两年后重新踏上这片土地的感觉有多好。for instance “比如，例如”，符合语境。in contrast “相反”；in return “作为回报”；by chance “偶然地”。
14．A.maintaining B．regaining
C．discovering D．forgetting
B解析：这就像在一个差点失去的世界中重新获得公民身份一样。regain “重新得到”和下文的“lost”相对应。maintain “维持”；discover “发现”；forget “忘记”。
15．A.remind B．promise
C．advise D．convince
A解析：作者经常提醒自己要记下这个自己现在生活的时刻，因为活在此刻，作者是健康且快乐的，而且能做自己最喜欢做的事情。remind “提醒”，符合语境。promise “许诺，允诺”；advise “建议”；convince “使相信”。
16．A.country B．moment
C．memory D．inspiration
B解析：参见上题解析。moment “时刻”。
17．A.pleased B．courageous
C．confident D．strong
A解析：pleased “快乐的，高兴的”；courageous “勇敢的”；confident “自信的”；strong “坚强的”。下文中的“I’m wiser now，a little，and happier.”亦是提示。
18．A.meanwhile B．otherwise
C．however D．therefore
D解析：它不会总是如这般存在，因此作者会充分利用它并心存感激。上下文之间是因果关系，故用therefore。meanwhile “与此同时”；otherwise “否则”；however “然而”。
19．A.apply B．owe
C．contribute D．adapt
B解析：作者将这一切都归功于他卧病在床的那段漫长时光。owe...to...“把……归功于……”，是固定用法。
20．A.awareness B．agreement
C．comment D．compromise
A解析：更有智慧的人无需被困到如此境地也能明白这些道理。awareness “意识，明白”符合语境。
Ⅱ语法填空
(2018·台州高三调研考试)Recent months have seen a return of bikes across China. With an increasing number of people choosing cycling instead of 1.____________(drive) to schools, to workplaces or to do sightseeing, the introduction of bike-sharing programs has brought the trend to a new level.
The bikes 2.____________(equip) with GPS and can be left anywhere in public for the next user.They’re popular among many Chinese people as they provide 3.____________ effective solution in places 4.____________ it’s difficult to change from one kind of transport to another. Bike-sharing is a 5.____________(green) method of transportation and 6.____________(provide) a more friendly experience.
However, the programs have also led to problems such as 7.____________(legal) parking, deliberate(蓄意的) damage and theft. To deal with these problems, the company came up with the idea of encouraging people 8.____________(return) the bikes to stations 9.____________ rewarding free time for their next rides.Now, Chinese service operators are also trying to address these problems, too. For example, Mobike sets a 100-point credit score for each user, with 10.____________(point) taken in the case of bad behavior. Once a score drops below 80, the bike rental is increased to 100 yuan per 30 minutes, up from 0.5－1 yuan.
【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了共享单车在国内的兴起和发展情况。共享单车受到了大众的欢迎，但是也带来了很多问题。为了解决这些问题，经营共享单车的公司也采取了一些措施。
1．driving解析：考查非谓语动词。越来越多的人选择骑自行车而不是开车到学校、工作场所或去观光。根据空前的介词of 可知，空处应用动词-ing 形式，故用driving。
2．are equipped解析：考查时态和语态。这些自行车装配了GPS，可以被停在公共场合的任何地方留给下一个用户。此处是客观性描述，且The bikes和equip之间是被动关系，故填are equipped。
3．an解析：考查冠词。该处指“一种有效的解决方法”，表示泛指；effective的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。
4．where解析：考查定语从句。它们受到许多中国人的欢迎，因为它们在难以从一种交通工具转变到另一种交通工具的地方提供了一种有效的解决办法。分析该句结构可知，该句为定语从句，句中places 为先行词，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用where 引导该定语从句。
5．greener解析：考查形容词的比较级。共享单车是一种更绿色的交通方式。根据本句中的“more friendly”可知，本空应用比较级形式与之构成并列关系。故填greener。
6．provides解析：考查主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，主语是Bike-sharing，且由本句中的“is”可知，空处应用动词provide 的单数形式，故填provides。
7．illegal解析：考查形容词。根据语境可知，此处指非法停车。故填illegal，意为“非法的”。
8．to return解析：考查非谓语动词。encourage sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“鼓励某人做某事”。故填to return。
9．by解析：考查介词。为了解决这些问题，公司提出了一种想法，通过奖励人们下一次免费骑车的时间，鼓励他们将自行车送回车站。根据语境可知，空处应用by表示方式。
10．points解析：考查名词复数。摩拜公司为每个用户设置了100分的信用评分，如有不良行为就减分。point 在此处为可数名词，且其前没有限定词修饰，故填points。
Ⅲ应用文写作
假定你是李华，你校英语俱乐部最近将开展主题为“Learning English from films”的活动。请你以短文形式为倶乐部将要举行的首场活动写一份书面通知，要点如下：1．时间：6月9号晚7点至10点；
2．地点：学校大礼堂；
3．活动内容：欣赏电影《阿甘正传》(Forrest Gump)，分享观影感受。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Notice
________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Have a good time!
One possible version：
Notice
In order to help students learn English better, we will hold a series of film presentations. At the beginning of our “Learning English from films”campaign, a world-famous English film named Forrest Gump will be shown in our school hall. After watching the film, some people will be invited to share their opinions on it. The whole activity will last three hours from seven to ten on the evening of 9th June. All teachers and students are welcome to join us. If you are interested, please arrive on time. Be sure not to make any noises or eat snacks during the film.
Have__a__good__time!
Ⅳ读后续写
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
One afternoon I’d been driving down the freeway when I spotted a car which seemed to get out of control. I noticed that other cars had slowed in order to briefly have a look at the car,__rudely holding up traffic in the process. I took it upon myself to pull up behind the car and find out what was going on. Suddenly, the car stopped and a pregnant__woman stepped out, and she appeared to be in pain. I approached the woman asking if I can help, she said, “Please call my husband I am trying to get to the hospital. My water has broken！” Stunned as I was, I said, “We have no time for that. Quick! Get in my car and I will take you.”I threw a towel from my trunk on the passenger side seat and away we went.
I was very nervous to say the least as my driving had to be both quick and steady so that my passenger would not move around a lot. I tried offering positive feedback as we made our way through, like “Everything’s going to be OK.”and “We’re almost there.”As we pulled up to the hospital entrance, I ran out as quickly as I could after parking to alert the staff, shouting continuous to have them bring out a wheelchair to bring her to the delivery__room. And then it seemed a bit surreal(不真实的) answering a staff__member’s questions about her because we’d just met a few minutes ago and I knew nothing about her name.
15 minutes later I witnessed a speeding BMW pull into the hospital parking lot with a gentleman running out of the car at full speed. As he approached the automatic doors opening, I crossed my arms with__a__smile and said, “Oh, you must be Marcus.”
“Yes！” Out of breath, he replied immediately.
“Where is she? Are you the one that brought her？” he asked.
注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2．应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1：
“Yes”，I said, “her car stalled on the freeway, she is in room42.”_______________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2：
At that moment suddenly I’d remembered ha v ing the D|S100-bill in my left hand. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ One possible version：
Paragraph 1：
“Yes”，I said, “her car stalled on the freeway, she is in room 42.” Not w asting any time the husband thanked me heartily and handed me a $100-bill as a re w ard. Before I said anything, he ran as fast as he could for the deli v ery__room. I just stood there, w ith__a__smile on my face, feeling a sense of relief.Then I w as about to lea v e the hospital.
Paragraph 2：
At that moment suddenly I’d remembered ha v ing the $100-bill in my left hand. And then I realized w hat I’d done. So I w alked in the hospital and w ent back to room 42 w here the pregnant__w oman had been stabilized. The nurse informed me that she’d asked me to come in to thank me. I told her that interestingly enough I had something similar happened to me w hen my second child w as born and w e had a good laugh o v er the story. On the w ay out I’d asked a
staff__member to gi v e the w oman and her husband the $100-bill.
人教版必修一unit5语法：定语从句强化训练题 一.课文原句感知 1．The time_______I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life. 2．It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer____________I went for advice. 3．He was generous with his time，_______I was grateful. 4．The school_________I studied for only two years was three kilometres away. 5．However，this was a time_______one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg. 6．The day__________Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest. 7．...，until today we have reached a stage________we have almost no rights at all. 8．The parts of town_________they had to live were decided by white people. 9．The places outside the towns__________ they were sent to live were the poorest parts of South Africa. 10．...we were put into a position___________we had either to accept we were less important，or fight the government. 二.单句语法填空 1．This is his work________which he devoted all the energy. 2．He had a son________whom he took pride. 3．She has three children，all of________are at school. 4．He bought a book yesterday，the author_______which is a teacher. 5．He is always ready to help others，_______which everyone around him is grateful. 6．This is the theatre________we’ll vis it a well-known pianist. 7．I still remember the night__________she left the house. 8．The room_________we took pictures is dusty.
2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 英语 选择题部分 第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题纸上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt? A. ￡19.15 B. ￡9.18 C. ￡9.15 答案是C. 1. What does the woman think of the movie? A. It's amusing. B. It's exciting. C. It's disappointing. 2. How will Susan spend most of her time in France? A. Traveling around B. Studying at a school. C. Looking after aunt. 3. What are the speakers talking about? A. Going out. B. Ordering drinks. C. Preparing for a party. 4. Where are the speakers? A. In a classroom B. In a library C. In a bookstore 5. What is the man going to do? A. Go on the Internet. B. Make a phone call. C. Take a train trip. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What is the woman looking for?
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷） 英语 选择题部分 第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题纸上。 第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt? A. ￡19.15. B. ￡9.18. C. ￡9.15. 答案是C。 1.Where does this conversation take place? A. In a classroom. B. In a hospital. C.In a museum. 2.What does Jack want to do? A. Take fitness classes. B. Buy a pair of gym shoes. C. Change his work schedule. 3.What are the speakers talking about? A. What to drink. B. Where to meet. C. When to leave. 4.What is the relationship between the speakers? A. Colleges. B. Classmates. C. Strangers. 5.Why is Emily mentioned in the conversation?
1.generously This is the school to which your farther subscribed generously in the past. 这就是你父亲生前为之慷慨捐助的学校。 ①慷慨的，大方的 +doing sth/with sth be generous to sb with sth The boss is generous to the poor students with their education. ② 宽宏大量的，宽厚的+to sb I belive he was generously enough after your contradicting him. 2.quality n.质量；品质；性质 (1).His action speaks well for his good quality. 他的举止表明他具有良好的品质。 (2).In no case can we cheapen the quality of products. 在任何情况下我们都不能降低产品质量。 high quality高品质 product quality产品质量 quality control质量控制，质量管理 quality management质量管理 quality first质量第一 quality of life生活质量；基本生活条件 quality education素质教育；优质教育 3.active adj. 积极地；活跃的 (1).Mr. Jack was once active in the church, but he has backslidden. 杰克先生一度在教会里很活跃，但他已变得不虔诚了。 (2).Peace and stability in the world need the active involvement of China.
语法贯通 [编写说明] 语法知识零碎、规则多、变化繁，怎样复习才高效？在同步学习小语法的基础上，一轮复习应高屋建瓴巧整合，明规则、总规律，让考生知其然更知其所以然；应该明考点、知考向，针对努力攻重点。本书以专题为编排单位、以考点为突破口，采用讲练结合的方式，做到点点突破、省时高效。 语法奠基课一学会划分句子成分是学好语法的必备技能目前的英语教学往往存在对句子成分不够重视的问题，以至于不少考生在这方面比较薄弱。殊不知正确分析句子成分和判断句子结构是学好英语的必备基础，这不仅对语法填空的解答有直接的影响，而且对写好作文、理解完形填空和阅读理解中出现的长难句有重要意义。 分。英语中的句子成分分为主语、、、表语、定语、状语、补语和同位语八种，它们就像佛教中的八大护法金刚，各司其职，共同呵护着英语这个“极乐世界”。 一、主语——习惯于发号施令，偶尔也会被赶下台 在句子中，主语是谓语所表示动作或状态的执行者。主语一般位于句子开头，且不能省略。但在某些特定的句式里，如：疑问句、倒装句、祈使句、感叹句等，句子主语也可以位于谓语动词之后或省略。能够充当主语的主要有名词(短语)、代词、数词、动名词(短语)、动词不定式(短语)和从句等。 [例1] (2017·浙江11月高考语法填空)．..and the best part of the process is that there's enough room for improvement, ________ means you'll just keep getting better and better. [分析] which 空格处所填词引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中充当主语，且指代前面整个主句的内容，故应填关系代词which。 [练1] (2018·浙江6月高考语法填空) Many westerners ________ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be
2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（浙江卷） 选择题部分（共80分） 第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节：单项填空（共20小题；每小题0.5分，满分10分） 从A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。 1．—How about camping this weekend, just for a change? —OK, you want. A．whichever B．however C．whatever D．whoever 2．Many lifestyle patterns do such great harm to health that they actually speed up weakening at the human body. A．a; / B．/; the C．a; the D．/; / 3．The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of left their village homes for a better life in the city. A．whom B．which C．them D．those 4．The majority of people in the town strongly the plan to build a playground for children. A．consider B．support C．confirm D．submit 5．If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring, you fresh watermelon in the fall. A．eat B．would cat C．have eaten D．will be eating 6．I have been convinced that the print media are usually more and more reliable than television. A．accurate B．ridiculous C．urgent D．shallow 7．I guess we‘ve already talked about this before but I‘ll as you again just . A．by nature B．in return C．in case D．by chance 8．The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if regularly, can improve our health. A．being carried out B．carrying out C．carried out D．to carry out 9．It is uncertain side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. A．that B．what C．how D．whether 10．Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy . A．would have been saved B．had been saved C．will be saved D．was saved 11．Do you think shopping Moline will take the place, of shopping in stores? A．especially B．frequently C．merely D．finally 12．After that he knew he could any emergency by doing what be could to the best of his
Unit 5 Nelson Mandela——a modern hero
教材分析：本单元以 Nelson Mandela —— a modern hero 为话题，目的在于使 学生了解一个伟大的人应具备怎样的品质，学会表达自己的观点，并用所学的句型来描写一个伟人。 提示： 1、本单元从warm-up开始，到最后的writing，都是以第三人称的角度来进行描述的，因此， 教学中要注意这种人称的前后一致，否则无法前后一致的引导学生进行学习和表达。 2、Reading部分侧重于理解，以及理解基础上的summary，这为最后的writing做好的铺垫和 积累（尤其是关键单词、句型和结构的积累），最后的writing要是前面阅读后的仿写（当然能力较强的学生也可以不受限制的开展写作）。 3、如何激发学生学习关于这些伟人的文章，是需要教师思考的：这些伟人学生会感兴趣吗？ 学生了解多少关于这几位伟人的伟大业绩？从哪些角度来导入会让学生更加的感兴趣？4、教学目标建议增加：通过学习文章和相关素材，进一步了解伟人的生平事迹，尤其是如何 才能成为伟人。培养学生初步使用相关词汇、句型和文章结构进行人物生平描述的口语表达和基础写作能力。 Teaching aims: 1. To arouse Ss’ interest in learning about heroes in history 2. To develop Ss’ listening and speaking ability. Teaching procedures: Step1 warming up
●Describe yourselves First what kind of person are you? (shy, outgoing, fun, mean, immature, nice, kind, honest, brave, loyal, happy, wise, smart, friendly, warm, cheerful, popular, generous, hard-working, diligent, weak, stupid, lazy, dishonest, tense, cold, unkind, miserable, dull, strong-minded, determined etc.) ●Discussion (Encourage students to give five or six qualities that they think great persons have, and give their reasons.)提示：What kind of great persons? Politicians, scientists, or? Different kinds of great persons, different qualities. Question 1: Who do you think are the greatest men in your mind? Can you name some? Question 2: In what way do you consider a man is a great? What is your standard? ●Look at page 33 and then ask the Ss if these famous people are great people. ●Conclusion: A great person is a person who has followed his or her ideas and sacrificed(牺牲) something so that they could be realized. A pop singer may be very popular with the young people, but he/she is not a great man/woman. A famous person may be well-known but if he or she has not gone through struggles and difficulties for their noble aims, they can not be called a great person. Step2 language points: 1． devote vt oneself to 献身于、致力于。。。 devote one’s life/one’s time to….把生命、时间献给。。。 …to …把。。。用于。。。 E.g. He devoted his life to promoting world peace. He devoted his life to the promotion of world peace. devoted adj 忠实的, 深爱的 be devoted to 对…忠实, 对…深爱 a devoted friend She is devoted to her husband. 即学即练 The manager devotes all his spare time ______ the violin. B A. to practise B. to practising C. in practising D. for practising 2. fight for 为……而战 fight against 与……作斗争；与…作战
2012年浙江卷 第一部分英语知识运用单项填空 1 还有其他要讨论的吗？ ____我想 A 一点也不，没关系 B 不，没有了 C 是的，我确定 D 是的，当然 2 在人类的历程中，工业的发展是一个渐进的过程，从石器工具到技术工具 考察冠词的用法 3 不论你多能言善辩，有时还是保持沉默的好 考察非谓语动词 4 我向自己承诺，今年，我高中的第一年一定会有不同 考察名词性从句 5 看了wendy的菜单之后我发现很多菜品和麦当劳的类似 考察代词 6 在所有我拥有的动物中，这两只狗是对语言最敏感的 考察介词的用法 7 作为一个学生如果你养成了反思所学知识的好习惯，你的___一定会很出色 A操作实施 B 成长 C 表现 D 性格 8 我认为汤姆，作为大部门的主观，会要么有规则的学习，要么就辞去工作 考察非谓语动词 9 我们生活在一个比以前更容易获得信息的时代 考察定语从句 10 研究缺乏___的证据，因此结论的真实性有待怀疑 A 有力的固体的 B 强烈的 C 严重的 D 潜在的 11 “这真是个好地方”妈妈一边说一边坐在给客人预定的桌边 考察非谓语动词 12 依照科学家的说法，我们的心智能力在22岁达到顶峰，然后在27岁开始___ A 不同 B 收缩 C 失败 D 下降 13 彼得打算在商界找一份工作，但是在2010年加拿大一次不愉快的经历之后放弃了该计划 考察动词时态 14 布朗说他一点都不恼怒，___他很高兴使自己被别人理解 A 总而言之 B 一方面 C 相反 D 顺便说一下 15 有你所搜集到的信息做武装，你可以___准备你的商业计划了 A 出发 B开始做着手做 C 出发动身 D 搭建起 16 Alvin 你和我们一起来吗？ 我想去，但是出了点出乎意料的事 考察时态 17 Ellen是画鸟和大自然的画家，他因为某种原因，远离人类社会 考察定语从句 18 麦克总是这么小心仔细，___这次他犯了小错误 A 但是 B 然而 C 甚至 D 这样 19 如果他们知道接下来会发生什么，他们可能会有第二种想法 考察虚拟语气 20 我打算去圣弗朗西斯科一段时间 ____我希望我也可以离开一段时间 A 没关系 B 忘了吧 C 我真羡慕你 D 我非常同意 第二节完形填空 就在这签名，先生”快递员边说边递给了欧斯卡.雷娜一个包裹。 包裹里是一个长而窄并且21用棕色纸包着的盒子。22包裹，欧斯卡看到一把雨伞——这把雨伞非常陈旧，手柄上雕刻着非常漂亮的图案。23已经有20多年没有看见过这把伞，但是欧斯卡24就认出了它。 第一次看到这把25雨伞时欧斯卡才16岁。当时，他和祖父一起去参加音乐会。正当他们要离开的时候，他们发现一个空位上有一把雨伞。由于对这把伞的精美26映像深刻，欧斯卡有种强烈的愿望想找到这把雨伞的27。
第20练个人感情 基础巩固 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Hearingthe________(disappoint) news，theyounggirlwastoosadtocontainherself. 2．________(judge) fromthelookonherface，thenewsmusthavebeenveryterrible. 3．I’llthinkoveryoursuggestions，andletyouknowmy________(decide) inadayortwo. 4．Youcan’timaginethetroubleIhad________(persuade) hertochangehermind. 5．Whenyougetthere，you’llbeabletochoosearoom________(base) onyourownpersonaltastes. 6．Whentheguestsleft，theymadea________(complain) thatthefishwastoosalty. 7．Itisnothowmuchyouhave________howmuchyouenjoythatmakeshappiness. 8．Ireallyappreciate________(have) timetorelaxwithmydaughteronthisniceisland. 9．Eachpersonmaybelievethatheiscorrectand________theotherperson’sviewiswrong. 10．Mostofthememberswerenotinfavorofhissuggestion，________madehimextremelyangry. 11．Torelieveourselves________thephysicalandmentaltensions，weeachneeddeepthoughtandinnerquietness. 12．Atfirsttheywereopposedto________(carry) outtheplan，butwemanagedtoarguethemround. 13．Themotherthinksthatchildrenmusteat________(proper) astheyaregrowingsofast. 14．Sheisveryconfidentanddoesn’tcare________othersthinkabout. 15．Whenshegetsverynervous，sheoftentakesafewdeepbreathstocalmherself________. 16．Itakeitforgranted________theyoungmanisanativeItalianbecausehespeaksItalianso well. 17．You’dbetterno ttakewhatshesaid________(serious)—shewasonlyjokingatthemoment. 话题词汇 1．discourage v．使气馁 2．positive adj.积极的 3．negative adj.消极的 4．motivate vt.激发 5．befacedwith...面对…… 6．beataloss不知所措 7．merciful adj.仁慈的 8．depressed adj.沮丧的 9．havenothingtodowith...与……无关
2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（安徽卷） 英语 第1卷 第一部分，听力（共两节，满分30分） 回答听力部分时，请先将答案标在试卷上，听力部分结束前，你将有两分钟的时间将你的答案转涂到客观答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的ABC三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。挺完美段对话后，你有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt? A.￡19.15 B ￡.9.15 C . ￡9.18 答案是B. 1.Why will dorotl de on the weeknd? A.Go out weeknd end B.Work on her paper. C.Make some plans. 2.What was the normal price of the T-shirt? A.$15 B. $30 C. $50 3.What has the woman decided to do on Sunday aftermoon? A.To attend a wedding+ B. To visit an exhibition. C. To meet a friend. 4.Where dose the bank close on Satuerday ? A.At 1:00 pm B. At 3:00 pm C. At 4:00 pm 5.Where are the speakers? A.In a store B. In a classroom C. In a hotel. 第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小问题，从题中所给的A、B、C、三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置，听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6.7题。 6.What do we know about Nora?
2016年浙江卷高考英语真题及答案核准通过，归档资料。 未经允许，请勿外传～ 2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(浙江卷) 英语试题 选择题部分(共80分) 第一部分:英语知识应用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节:单项填空(共20小题，每小题0.5分，满分10分) 从A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。 1. ---I am going to Spain fort a holiday soon. --- ______. A. I t’s my pleasure B. Never mind C. Leave it alone D. Good for you 2. The paper is due next month, and I am working seven days ______ week, often long into______night. A. a; the B. the; 不填 C. a; a D. 不填;the 3. An average of just 18.75cm of rain fell last year, making ______ the driest year since California became a state in 1850. A. each B. it C. this D. one 4. Joe is proud and ______, never admitting he is wrong and always looking for someone else to blame.
人教版必修一各单元知识点总结 Unit One Friendship 一、重点短语 1.go through 经历，经受get through 通过；完成；接通电话 2. set down 记下，放下 3. a series of 一系列 4. on purpose 有目的的 5. in order to 为了 6. at dusk 傍晚，黄昏时刻 7. face to face 面对面 8. fall in love 爱上9. join in 参加（某个活动）；take part in 参加（活动） join 加入（组织，团队，并成为其中一员） 10. calm down 冷静下来11. suffer from 遭受12. be/get tired of…对…感到厌倦 13. be concerned about 关心14. get on/along well with 与…相处融洽15. be good at/do well in 擅长于…16. find it + adj. to do sth. 发现做某事是…17. no longer / not …any longer 不再…18. too much 太多（后接不可数n.）much too 太…(后接adj.)19. not…until 直到…才20. it’s no pleasure doing sth 做…并不开心 21. make sb. sth. 使某人成为…make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 二、语法----直接引语和间接引语 概念：直接引语：直接引述别人的原话。一般前后要加引号。 间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话。间接引语在多数情况下可构成宾语从句且不要加引号。 例：Mr. Black said, “ I’m busy.” Mr. Black said that he was busy. 变化规则 （一）陈述句的变化规则 直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that（可省略）引导，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语都要发生相应的变化。 人称的变化——人称的变化主要是要理解句子的意思 例：1. He said, “ I like it very much.”→He said that he liked it very much. 2. He said to me, “I’v left my book in your room.” →He told me that he had left his book in my room. 时态的变化
2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷） 英语 选择题部分（共80分) 第一部分英语知识运用 第一节单项填空 1. — Is there anything else to discuss? —_____________. I guess. A. Not at all B. No, that's all C. Yes, I'm sure D. Yea, of course 1. 【考点】交际用语—征求意见或看法 【答案】B 【解析】根据句意：---还有其他事要讨论吗？---没有，就这么多（no, that’s all），我想。故选答案B。not at all一点儿也不；yes, I’m sure是的，我确定；yes, of course是的，当然，均是答非所问，不合题意，故排除。 【难度】偏小 2. The development of industry has been_______ gradual process throughout _______ human existence, from stone tools to modern technology. A. 不填, the B. the; a C. a; 不填 D. a; a 2. 【考点】冠词—零冠词和不定冠词 【答案】C 【解析】第一空process是可数名词，第一次出现一般用不定冠词，且此次表示“一个”的概念；第二空existence是不可数名词，其此处表示抽象概念，故用零冠词。 【难度】中等 3. No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when it's better __ silent. A. remain B. be remaining C. having remained D. to remain 3. 【考点】非谓语—不定式 【答案】D 【解析】it做形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式：to remain silent. 可归结为句型：it is +形容词/名词+to do/that…。当然it也可以做形式宾语，如find/feel it +to do/that….。 【难度】中等 4. I made a promise to myself______ this year, my first year in high school, would be different. A. whether B. what C. that D. how 4.【考点】名词性从句—同位语从句 【答案】C 【解析】that引导同位语从句，在从句中不做句子成分，补充说明同位语promise的内容。 【难度】中等 5. Studying Wendy's menu, I found that many of the items are similar to______ of McDonald's. A. those B. ones C. any D. all 5. 【考点】代词 【答案】A 【解析】those=that ones, 代指前面的many of the items，表示复数、特指，被of McDonald’s修饰，符合语境。Ones表示复数、泛指；any 任何一个；all全部，均不符合语境，故排除。 【难度】较大 6. ____ all the animals I've ever had, these two dogs arc the most sensitive to the spoken word. A. From B. Of C. For D. With 6. 【考点】介词 【答案】B 【解析】two dogs所属与all animals，故用介词of表示这种关系，如：many of us, 我们其中的许多人，故答案B符合语境。From从；for 为了；with有，均不符合语境，故排除。 【难度】中等 7. Your ____ as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on how you learn. A. operation B. growth C. performance D. character 7.【考点】名词 【答案】C 【解析】根据句意：作为一个学生，你的学习（performance）会很棒的如果你能够养成对所学的的东西进行反思的话。operation操作、手术；growth增长；character人物、角色，均不符合语境，故排除。 【难度】偏小 8. I think Tom, as the head of a big department, should cither study regularly or______ his job. A. quits B. to quit C. quitting D. quit 8.【考点】并列结构 【答案】D 【解析】either…or+并列结构，前后形式上保持一致，由此与study相呼应，故答案选D，用动词原形。 【难度】中等 9. We live in an age ____ more information is available with greater ease than ever before. A. why B. when C. to whom D. on which 9.【考点】定语从句 【答案】B 【解析】when引导定义从句，在从句中做时间状语，修饰先行词an age（时代）. 此处的when=at which。 【难度】中等 10. The research lacks ____ evidence, and therefore, its conclusions are doubtful. A. solid B. fierce C. severe D. potential 10.【考点】形容词词义辨析 【答案】A 【解析】根据句意：研究缺乏实证（solid evidence），因此所得出的结论还有待考证。fierce激烈的；severe严重的；potential，有潜力的，均不符合语境，故排除。 【难度】较难 11. "It's a such nice place," Mother said as she sat at the table________ for customs. A. to be reserved B. Living reserved C. reserving D. reserved 11.【考点】非谓语—过去分词 【答案】D 【解析】reserve和谓语动词sat之间没有连词，故用非谓语，且和其逻辑主语the table逻辑上构成被动关系，故用过去分词表示被动、完成的概念，在句子中做后置定语。 【难度】中等 12. According to scientists, our mental abilities begin to______ from the age of 27 after reaching the highest level at 22.
2016年浙江新高考英语题型解读—概要写作 一、2016年浙江新高考《考试说明》英语写作样题 第二节：概要写作（满分25分） 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is no thing fixed about attitudes to dirt. In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block o ut disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up t he skin and let ills in. A particular danger was though to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 15 46. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a frie ndly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman h ad taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman sho uld not go out. Though the belief in the merit (好处) of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been re garded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18 century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning awa y dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of pre venting disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter th an white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too f ar? Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of diseas e. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist (免疫学家), encourages ch ildren to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter (后者) positi on is gaining some ground. （原创范文，仅供参考） One possible version： People have mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin. (要点 1 ) For a long time in histo ry, people of some European countries, such as France, believed that dirt protected peop le from getting ill. (要点 2 ) However, people began to change their attitudes to dirt abou t 200 years ago. People have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us health y. (要点 3) However, some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our im mune system. (要点 4) 【范文点拨】 (一)要点分析 1. 文章第一段就是本篇文章的主题句，点明了总的观点：However, there is nothing fix ed about attitudes to dirt. 换句话说：Different people have different attitudes towards di rt. 再结合下文谈到的主题可知Different people have different attitudes towards dirt on th