2017年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语二试题和答案

2017年考研英语二真题（完整版）2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for eachnumbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)People have speculated for centuries about a future withoutwork .Today is no different, with academics, writers, and activistsonce again 1 that technology be replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 . A few wealthypeople will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the futurewill be a wasteland of a different sort, one 4 by purposelessness:Without jobs to give their lives 5 , people will simply become lazyand depressed. 6 , today's unemployed don't seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who havebeen unemployed for at least a year report having depression, doublethe rate for 7 Americans. Also, some research suggests that the 8 forrising rates of mortality, mental-health problems, and addicting 9poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs.Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a joblessfuture.But it doesn't 11 follow from findings like these that a worldwithout work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based onthe 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work, a society designed with other ends inmind could 14 strikingly different circumstanced for the future oflabor and leisure. Today, the 15 of work may be a bit overblown."Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a waste of human potential," says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National Universityof Ireland in Galway.These days, because leisure time is relatively 16 for mostworkers, people use their free time to counterbalance theintellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. "When I come home from ahard day's work, I often feel 18 ," Danaher says, adding, "In a worldin which I don't have to work, I might feel rather different"—perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passionproject with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters.1.[A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring2.[A] inequality [B] instability [C] unreliability [D]uncertainty3.[A] policy [B]guideline [C] resolution [D] prediction4.[A] characterized [B]divided [C] balanced [D]measured5.[A] wisdom [B] meaning [C] glory [D] freedom6.[A] Instead [B] Indeed [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless7.[A] rich [B] urban [C]working [D] educated8.[A] explanation [B] requirement [C] compensation [D] substitute9.[A] under [B] beyond [C] alongside [D] among10.[A] leave behind [B] make up [C] worry about [D] set aside11.[A] statistically [B] occasionally [C] necessarily [D]economically12.[A] chances [B] downsides [C] benefits [D] principles13.[A] absence [B] height [C] face [D] course14.[A] disturb [B] restore [C] exclude [D] yield15.[A] model [B] practice [C] virtue [D] hardship16.[A] tricky [B] lengthy [C] mysterious [D] scarce17.[A] demands [B] standards [C] qualities [D] threats18.[A] ignored [B] tired [C] confused [D] starved19.[A] off [B] against [C] behind [D] into20.[A] technological [B] professional [C] educational [D] interpersonal Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below eachtext by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set offto run 5km around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began witha dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. Runners rangefrom four years old to grandparents; their times range from AndrewBaddeley's world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.Parkrun is succeeding where London's Olympic "legacy" is failing.Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. Planning documents pledged that thegreat legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport loversaway from their couches. The population would be fitter, healthierand produce more winners. It has not happened. The number of adultsdoing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run—up to 2012—but the general population was growing faster. Worse, thenumbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. The oppositionclaims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a weekhave nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children.Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to"inspire a generation." The success of Parkrun offers answers.Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor isthe clock. The ethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over apuffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is abouttop talent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to getmore people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dualaim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part wasintimidating for newcomers.Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state gettinginvolved in the planning of such a fundamentally "grassroots",concept as community sports associations. If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods—making sure there is space for playing fields and the money topave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of allthese activities in schools. But successive governments have presidedover selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide theconditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.21. According to Paragraph1, Parkrun has .[A] gained great popularity[B] created many jobs[C] strengthened community ties[D] become an official festival22. The author believes that London's Olympic"legacy" has failedto .[A] boost population growth[B] promote sport participation[C] improve the city's image[D] increase sport hours in schools23. Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it .[A] aims at discovering talents[B] focuses on mass competition[C] does not emphasize elitism[D] does not attract first-timers24. With regard to mass sport, the author holds that governmentsshould .[A] organize "grassroots" sports events[B] supervise local sports associations[C] increase funds for sports clubs[D] invest in public sports facilities25. The author's attitude to what UK governments have done forsports is .[A] tolerant[B] critical[C] uncertain[D] sympatheticText 2 With so much focus on children's use of screens, it'seasy for parents to forget about their own screen use. "Tech isdesigned to really suck on you in," says Jenny Radesky in her studyof digital play, "and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot ofbleed-over into the family routine. "Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets atmealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. Shefound that mothers who sued devices during the exercise started 20percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions withtheir children. During a separate observation, she saw that phonesbecame a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking attheir emails while the children would be making excited bids fortheir attention.Infants are wired to look at parents' faces to try to understandtheir world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device—it can be extremelydisconcerting foe the children. Radesky cites the "still faceexperiment" devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in anormal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback; The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother's attention. "Parents don't haveto be exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be abalance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child's verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need," says Radesky.On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids' use of screens are born out of an "oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting" with their children: "It's based on a somewhat fantasized, very white, veryupper-middle-class ideology that says if you're failing to exposeyour child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them." Tronick believes that just because a child isn't learning from the screen doesn't mean there's no value to it—particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speakto a friend or get some work out of the way. This can make them feel happier, which lets then be more available to their child the rest ofthe time.26. According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to ______.[A] simplify routine matters[B] absorb user attention[C] better interpersonal relations[D] increase work efficiency27. Radesky's food-testing exercise shows that mothers' use of devices ______.[A] takes away babies' appetite[B] distracts children's attention[C] slows down babies' verbal development[D] reduces mother-child communication28. Radesky's cites the "still face experiment" to show that_______.[A] it is easy for children to get used to blank expressions[B] verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchange[C] children are insensitive to changes in their parents' mood[D] parents need to respond to children's emotional needs29. The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_______.[A] protect kids from exposure to wild fantasies[B] teach their kids at least 30,000 words a year[C] ensure constant interaction with their children[D] remain concerned about kid's use of screens30. According to Tronick, kid's use of screens may_______.[A] give their parents some free time[B] make their parents more creative[C] help them with their homework[D] help them become more attentive Text 3Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-movingworld often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year. After all, if everyone you know is going tocollege in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn't it?And after going to school for 12 years, it doesn't feel natural tospend a year doing something that isn't academic.But while this may be true, it's not a good enough reason to condemn gap years. There's always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated "race to the finish line," whether that be toward graduate school, medical school or lucrative career. But despite common misconceptions, a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits—in fact, it probably enhances it.Studies from the United States and Australia show that studentswho take a gap year are generally better prepared for and performbetter in college than those who do not. Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changes—all things that first-year students often struggle with the most. Gap yearexperiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier tofocus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders.If you're not convinced of the inherent value in taking a yearoff to explore interests, then consider its financial impact onfuture academic choices. According to the National Center forEducation Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students end up changing their majors at least once. This isn't surprising,considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leavesstudents with a poor understanding of themselves listing one major ontheir college applications, but switching to another after takingcollege classes. It's not necessarily a bad thing, but depending onthe school, it can be costly to make up credits after switching toolate in the game. At Boston College, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department. Taking a gap year to figure things out initiallycan help prevent stress and save money later on.31. One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that .[A] they think it academically misleading[B] they have a lot of fun to expect in college[C] it feels strange to do differently from others[D] it seems worthless to take off-campus courses32. Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps .[A] keep students from being unrealistic[B] lower risks in choosing careers[C] ease freshmen's financial burdens[D] relieve freshmen of pressures33. The word "acclimation" (Line 8, Para. 3) is closest in meaning to .[A] adaptation[B] application[C] motivation[D] competition34. A gap year may save money for students by helping them .[A] avoid academic failures[B] establish long-term goals[C] switch to another college[D] decide on the right major35. The most suitable title for this text would be .[A] In Favor of the Gap Year[B] The ABCs of the Gap Year[C] The Gap Year Comes Back[D] The Gap Year: A Dilemma Part BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The decline in American manufacturing is a common refrain, particularly from Donald Trump. "We don't make anything anymore," he told Fox News, while defending his own made-in-Mexico clothing line.Without question, manufacturing has taken a significant hitduring recent decades, and further trade deals raise questions about whether new shocks could hit manufacturing.But there is also a different way to look at the data.Across the country, factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge: instead of having too many workers, they may end up with too few. Despite trade competition and outsourcing, American manufacturing still needs to replace tens of thousands of retiring boomers every years. Millennials may not be that interested in taking their place, other industries are recruiting them with similar orbetter pay.For factory owners, it all adds up to stiff competition for workers—and upward pressure on wages. "They're harder to find and they have job offers," says Jay Dunwell, president of Wolverine Coil Spring, a family-owned firm, "They may be coming [into the workforce], but they've been plucked by other industries that are also doing anwell as manufacturing," Mr. Dunwell has begun bringing high school juniors to the factory so they can get exposed to its culture.At RoMan Manufacturing, a maker of electrical transformers and welding equipment that his father cofounded in 1980, Robert Roth keep a close eye on the age of his nearly 200 workers, five are retiringthis year. Mr. Roth has three community-college students enrolled ina work-placement program, with a starting wage of $13 an hour that rises to $17 after two years.At a worktable inside the transformer plant, young Jason Stenquist looks flustered by the copper coils he's trying to assemble and the arrival of two visitors. It's his first week on the job.Asked about his choice of career, he says at high school he considered medical school before switching to electrical engineering. "I love working with tools. I love creating." he says.But to win over these young workers, manufacturers have to clear another major hurdle: parents, who lived through the worst US economic downturn since the Great Depression, telling them to avoid the factory. Millennials "remember their father and mother both were laid off. They blame it on the manufacturing recession," says BirgitKlohs, chief executive of The Right Place, a business development agency for western Michigan.These concerns aren't misplaced: Employment in manufacturing has fallen from 17 million in 1970 to 12 million in 2013. When therecovery began, worker shortages first appeared in the high-skilled trades. Now shortages are appearing at the mid-skill levels."The gap is between the jobs that take to skills and those that require a lot of skill," says Rob Spohr, a business professor atMontcalm Community College. "There're enough people to fill the jobsat McDonalds and other places where you don't need to have much skill. It's that gap in between, and that's where the problem is. "Julie Parks of Grand Rapids Community points to another key to luring Millennials into manufacturing: a work/life balance. Whiletheir parents were content to work long hours, young people value flexibility. "Overtime is not attractive to this generation. Theyreally want to live their lives," she says.[A] says that he switched to electrical engineering because heloves working with tools.41. Jay Deuwell[B] points out that there are enough people tofill the jobs that don't need much skill.42. Jason Stenquist[C] points out that the US doesn't manufacture anything anymore.43. Birgit Klohs[D] believes that it is important to keep a closeeye on the age of his workers.44. Rob Spohr[E] says that for factory owners, workers are harderto find because of stiff competition.45.Julie Parks[F] points out that a work/life balance can attract young people into manufacturing.[G] says that the manufacturing recession is to blame for thelay-off the young people's parents.Section III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)My dream has always been to work somewhere in an area between fashion and publishing. Two years before graduating from secondary school, I took a sewing and design course thinking that I would moveon to a fashion design course. However, during that course I realizedI was not good enough in this area to compete with other creative personalities in the future, so I decided that it was not the rightpath for me. Before applying for university I told everyone that I would study journalism, because writing was, and still is, one of my favouri。

2017年考研英语真题：《英语二》（完整版）2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)People have speculated for centuries about a future withoutwork .Today is no different, with academics, writers, and activists once again 1 that technology be replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 . A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one 4 by purposelessness: Without jobs to give their lives 5 , people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6 , today's unemployed don't seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the rate for 7 Americans. Also, some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality, mental-health problems, and addicting 9 poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.But it doesn't 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstanced for the future of labor and leisure. Today, the 15 of work may be a bit overblown. "Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a waste of human potential," says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days, because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers, people use their free time to counterbalance theintellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. "When I come home from a hard day's work, I often feel 18 ," Danaher says, adding, "In a world in which I don't have to work, I might feel rather different"—perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters.1.[A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring2.[A] inequality [B] instability [C] unreliability [D]uncertainty3.[A] policy [B]guideline [C] resolution [D] prediction4.[A] characterized [B]divided [C] balanced [D]measured5.[A] wisdom [B] meaning [C] glory [D] freedom6.[A] Instead [B] Indeed [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless7.[A] rich [B] urban [C]working [D] educated8.[A] explanation [B] requirement [C] compensation [D] substitute9.[A] under [B] beyond [C] alongside [D] among10.[A] leave behind [B] make up [C] worry about [D] set aside11.[A] statistically [B] occasionally [C] necessarily [D] economically12.[A] chances [B] downsides [C] benefits [D] principles13.[A] absence [B] height [C] face [D] course14.[A] disturb [B] restore [C] exclude [D] yield15.[A] model [B] practice [C] virtue [D] hardship16.[A] tricky [B] lengthy [C] mysterious [D] scarce17.[A] demands [B] standards [C] qualities [D] threats18.[A] ignored [B] tired [C] confused [D] starved19.[A] off [B] against [C] behind [D] into20.[A] technological [B] professional [C] educational [D] interpersonal Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below eachtext by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. Runners rangefrom four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeley's world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.Parkrun is succeeding where London's Olympic "legacy" is failing. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. The population would be fitter, healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run—up to 2012—but the general population was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children. Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to "inspire a generation." The success of Parkrun offers answers.Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock. The ethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally "grassroots", concept as community sports associations. If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods—making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse. 21. According to Paragraph1, Parkrun has .[A] gained great popularity[B] created many jobs[C] strengthened community ties[D] become an official festival22. The author believes that London's Olympic"legacy" has failed to .[A] boost population growth[B] promote sport participation[C] improve the city's image[D] increase sport hours in schools23. Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it .[A] aims at discovering talents[B] focuses on mass competition[C] does not emphasize elitism[D] does not attract first-timers24. With regard to mass sport, the author holds that governments should .[A] organize "grassroots" sports events[B] supervise local sports associations[C] increase funds for sports clubs[D] invest in public sports facilities25. The author's attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is .[A] tolerant[B] critical[C] uncertain[D] sympatheticText 2 With so much focus on children's use of screens, it's easy for parents to forget about their own screen use. "Tech is designed to really suck on you in," says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play, "and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine. "Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children. During a separate observation, she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids fortheir attention.Infants are wired to look at parents' faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device—it can be extremely disconcerting foe the children. Radesky cites the "still faceexperiment" devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback; The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother's attention. "Parents don't have to be exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child's verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need," says Radesky.On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids' use of screens are born out of an "oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting" with their children: "It's based on a somewhat fantasized, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you're failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them." Tronick believes that just because a child isn't learning from the screen doesn't mean there's no value to it—particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way. This can make them feel happier, which lets then be more available to their child the rest of the time.26. According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to ______.[A] simplify routine matters[B] absorb user attention[C] better interpersonal relations[D] increase work efficiency27. Radesky's food-testing exercise shows that mothers' use of devices ______.[A] takes away babies' appetite[B] distracts children's attention[C] slows down babies' verbal development[D] reduces mother-child communication28. Radesky's cites the "still face experiment" to show that_______.[A] it is easy for children to get used to blank expressions[B] verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchange[C] children are insensitive to changes in their parents' mood[D] parents need to respond to children's emotional needs29. The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_______.[A] protect kids from exposure to wild fantasies[B] teach their kids at least 30,000 words a year[C] ensure constant interaction with their children[D] remain concerned about kid's use of screens30. According to Tronick, kid's use of screens may_______.[A] give their parents some free time[B] make their parents more creative[C] help them with their homework[D] help them become more attentive Text 3Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-movingworld often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year. After all, if everyone you know is going tocollege in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn't it? And after going to school for 12 years, it doesn't feel natural to spend a year doing something that isn't academic.But while this may be true, it's not a good enough reason to condemn gap years. There's always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated "race to the finish line," whether that be toward graduate school, medical school or lucrative career. But despite common misconceptions, a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits—in fact, it probably enhances it.Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not. Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changes—all things thatfirst-year students often struggle with the most. Gap yearexperiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders.If you're not convinced of the inherent value in taking a yearoff to explore interests, then consider its financial impact onfuture academic choices. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students end up changing their majors at least once. This isn't surprising, considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leavesstudents with a poor understanding of themselves listing one major ontheir college applications, but switching to another after taking college classes. It's not necessarily a bad thing, but depending on the school, it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game. At Boston College, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department. Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on.31. One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that .[A] they think it academically misleading[B] they have a lot of fun to expect in college[C] it feels strange to do differently from others[D] it seems worthless to take off-campus courses32. Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps .[A] keep students from being unrealistic[B] lower risks in choosing careers[C] ease freshmen's financial burdens[D] relieve freshmen of pressures33. The word "acclimation" (Line 8, Para. 3) is closest in meaning to .[A] adaptation[B] application[C] motivation[D] competition34. A gap year may save money for students by helping them .[A] avoid academic failures[B] establish long-term goals[C] switch to another college[D] decide on the right major35. The most suitable title for this text would be .[A] In Favor of the Gap Year[B] The ABCs of the Gap Year[C] The Gap Year Comes Back[D] The Gap Year: A Dilemma Part BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The decline in American manufacturing is a common refrain, particularly from Donald Trump. "We don't make anything anymore," he told Fox News, while defending his own made-in-Mexico clothing line.Without question, manufacturing has taken a significant hitduring recent decades, and further trade deals raise questions about whether new shocks could hit manufacturing.But there is also a different way to look at the data.Across the country, factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge: instead of having too many workers, they may end up with too few. Despite trade competition and outsourcing, American manufacturing still needs to replace tens of thousands of retiring boomers every years. Millennials may not be that interested in taking their place, other industries are recruiting them with similar or better pay.For factory owners, it all adds up to stiff competition for workers—and upward pressure on wages. "They're harder to find and they have job offers," says Jay Dunwell, president of Wolverine Coil Spring, a family-owned firm, "They may be coming [into the workforce], but they've been plucked by other industries that are also doing an well as manufacturing," Mr. Dunwell has begun bringing high school juniors to the factory so they can get exposed to its culture.At RoMan Manufacturing, a maker of electrical transformers and welding equipment that his father cofounded in 1980, Robert Roth keep a close eye on the age of his nearly 200 workers, five are retiring this year. Mr. Roth has three community-college students enrolled ina work-placement program, with a starting wage of $13 an hour that rises to $17 after two years.At a worktable inside the transformer plant, young JasonStenquist looks flustered by the copper coils he's trying to assemble and the arrival of two visitors. It's his first week on the job. Asked about his choice of career, he says at high school heconsidered medical school before switching to electrical engineering. "I love working with tools. I love creating." he says.But to win over these young workers, manufacturers have to clear another major hurdle: parents, who lived through the worst US economic downturn since the Great Depression, telling them to avoid the factory. Millennials "remember their father and mother both were laid off. They blame it on the manufacturing recession," says BirgitKlohs, chief executive of The Right Place, a business development agency for western Michigan.These concerns aren't misplaced: Employment in manufacturing has fallen from 17 million in 1970 to 12 million in 2013. When the recovery began, worker shortages first appeared in the high-skilled trades. Now shortages are appearing at the mid-skill levels."The gap is between the jobs that take to skills and those that require a lot of skill," says Rob Spohr, a business professor at Montcalm Community College. "There're enough people to fill the jobsat McDonalds and other places where you don't need to have much skill. It's that gap in between, and that's where the problem is. "Julie Parks of Grand Rapids Community points to another key to luring Millennials into manufacturing: a work/life balance. Whiletheir parents were content to work long hours, young people value flexibility. "Overtime is not attractive to this generation. They really want to live their lives," she says.[A] says that he switched to electrical engineering because he loves working with tools.41. Jay Deuwell[B] points out that there are enough people tofill the jobs that don't need much skill.42. Jason Stenquist[C] points out that the US doesn't manufacture anything anymore.43. Birgit Klohs[D] believes that it is important to keep a close eye on the age of his workers.44. Rob Spohr[E] says that for factory owners, workers are harder to find because of stiff competition.45.Julie Parks[F] points out that a work/life balance can attract young people into manufacturing.[G] says that the manufacturing recession is to blame for thelay-off the young people's parents.Section III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)My dream has always been to work somewhere in an area between fashion and publishing. Two years before graduating from secondary school, I took a sewing and design course thinking that I would move on to a fashion design course. However, during that course I realized I was not good enough in this area to compete with other creative personalities in the future, so I decided that it was not the rightpath for me. Before applying for university I told everyone that I would study journalism, because writing was, and still is, one of my favourite activities. But, to be honest, I said it , because I thought that fashion and me together was just a dream—I knew that no one could imagine me in the fashion industry at all! So I decided to look for some fashion-related courses that included writing. This is when I noticed the course "Fashion Media & Promotion." Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions：Suppose you are invited by Professor Williams to give a presentation about Chinese culture to a group of international students. Write a reply to1) accept the invitation, and2) introduce the key points of your presentationYou should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Don't use your own name, use "LiMing" instead.Don't write your address. (10 points)Part B48. Directions：You should write about 150 words neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)。

2017年考研英语二真题（完整版）2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)People have speculated for centuries about a future withoutwork .Today is no different, with academics, writers, and activists once again 1 that technology be replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 . A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one 4 by purposelessness: Without jobs to give their lives 5 , people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6 , today's unemployed don't seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the rate for 7 Americans. Also, some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality, mental-health problems, and addicting 9 poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.But it doesn't 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstanced for the future of labor and leisure. Today, the 15 of work may be a bit overblown. "Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a waste of human potential," says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days, because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers, people use their free time to counterbalance theintellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. "When I come home from a hard day's work, I often feel 18 ," Danaher says, adding, "In a world in which I don't have to work, I might feel rather different"—perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters.1.[A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring2.[A] inequality [B] instability [C] unreliability [D]uncertainty3.[A] policy [B]guideline [C] resolution [D] prediction4.[A] characterized [B]divided [C] balanced [D]measured5.[A] wisdom [B] meaning [C] glory [D] freedom6.[A] Instead [B] Indeed [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless7.[A] rich [B] urban [C]working [D] educated8.[A] explanation [B] requirement [C] compensation [D] substitute9.[A] under [B] beyond [C] alongside [D] among10.[A] leave behind [B] make up [C] worry about [D] set aside11.[A] statistically [B] occasionally [C] necessarily [D] economically12.[A] chances [B] downsides [C] benefits [D] principles13.[A] absence [B] height [C] face [D] course14.[A] disturb [B] restore [C] exclude [D] yield15.[A] model [B] practice [C] virtue [D] hardship16.[A] tricky [B] lengthy [C] mysterious [D] scarce17.[A] demands [B] standards [C] qualities [D] threats18.[A] ignored [B] tired [C] confused [D] starved19.[A] off [B] against [C] behind [D] into20.[A] technological [B] professional [C] educational [D] interpersonal Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below eachtext by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. Runners rangefrom four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeley's world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.Parkrun is succeeding where London's Olympic "legacy" is failing. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. The population would be fitter, healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run—up to 2012—but the general population was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children. Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to "inspire a generation." The success of Parkrun offers answers.Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock. The ethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally "grassroots", concept as community sports associations. If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods—making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse. 21. According to Paragraph1, Parkrun has .[A] gained great popularity[B] created many jobs[C] strengthened community ties[D] become an official festival22. The author believes that London's Olympic"legacy" has failed to .[A] boost population growth[B] promote sport participation[C] improve the city's image[D] increase sport hours in schools23. Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it .[A] aims at discovering talents[B] focuses on mass competition[C] does not emphasize elitism[D] does not attract first-timers24. With regard to mass sport, the author holds that governments should .[A] organize "grassroots" sports events[B] supervise local sports associations[C] increase funds for sports clubs[D] invest in public sports facilities25. The author's attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is .[A] tolerant[B] critical[C] uncertain[D] sympatheticText 2 With so much focus on children's use of screens, it's easy for parents to forget about their own screen use. "Tech is designed to really suck on you in," says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play, "and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine. "Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children. During a separate observation, she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids fortheir attention.Infants are wired to look at parents' faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device—it can be extremely disconcerting foe the children. Radesky cites the "still faceexperiment" devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback; The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother's attention. "Parents don't have to be exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child's verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need," says Radesky.On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids' use of screens are born out of an "oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting" with their children: "It's based on a somewhat fantasized, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you're failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them." Tronick believes that just because a child isn't learning from the screen doesn't mean there's no value to it—particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way. This can make them feel happier, which lets then be more available to their child the rest of the time.26. According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to ______.[A] simplify routine matters[B] absorb user attention[C] better interpersonal relations[D] increase work efficiency27. Radesky's food-testing exercise shows that mothers' use of devices ______.[A] takes away babies' appetite[B] distracts children's attention[C] slows down babies' verbal development[D] reduces mother-child communication28. Radesky's cites the "still face experiment" to show that_______.[A] it is easy for children to get used to blank expressions[B] verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchange[C] children are insensitive to changes in their parents' mood[D] parents need to respond to children's emotional needs29. The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_______.[A] protect kids from exposure to wild fantasies[B] teach their kids at least 30,000 words a year[C] ensure constant interaction with their children[D] remain concerned about kid's use of screens30. According to Tronick, kid's use of screens may_______.[A] give their parents some free time[B] make their parents more creative[C] help them with their homework[D] help them become more attentive Text 3Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-movingworld often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year. After all, if everyone you know is going tocollege in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn't it? And after going to school for 12 years, it doesn't feel natural to spend a year doing something that isn't academic.But while this may be true, it's not a good enough reason to condemn gap years. There's always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated "race to the finish line," whether that be toward graduate school, medical school or lucrative career. But despite common misconceptions, a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits—in fact, it probably enhances it.Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not. Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changes—all things thatfirst-year students often struggle with the most. Gap yearexperiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders.If you're not convinced of the inherent value in taking a yearoff to explore interests, then consider its financial impact onfuture academic choices. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students end up changing their majors at least once. This isn't surprising, considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leavesstudents with a poor understanding of themselves listing one major ontheir college applications, but switching to another after taking college classes. It's not necessarily a bad thing, but depending on the school, it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game. At Boston College, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department. Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on.31. One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that .[A] they think it academically misleading[B] they have a lot of fun to expect in college[C] it feels strange to do differently from others[D] it seems worthless to take off-campus courses32. Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps .[A] keep students from being unrealistic[B] lower risks in choosing careers[C] ease freshmen's financial burdens[D] relieve freshmen of pressures33. The word "acclimation" (Line 8, Para. 3) is closest in meaning to .[A] adaptation[B] application[C] motivation[D] competition34. A gap year may save money for students by helping them .[A] avoid academic failures[B] establish long-term goals[C] switch to another college[D] decide on the right major35. The most suitable title for this text would be .[A] In Favor of the Gap Year[B] The ABCs of the Gap Year[C] The Gap Year Comes Back[D] The Gap Year: A Dilemma Part BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The decline in American manufacturing is a common refrain, particularly from Donald Trump. "We don't make anything anymore," he told Fox News, while defending his own made-in-Mexico clothing line.Without question, manufacturing has taken a significant hitduring recent decades, and further trade deals raise questions about whether new shocks could hit manufacturing.But there is also a different way to look at the data.Across the country, factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge: instead of having too many workers, they may end up with too few. Despite trade competition and outsourcing, American manufacturing still needs to replace tens of thousands of retiring boomers every years. Millennials may not be that interested in taking their place, other industries are recruiting them with similar or better pay.For factory owners, it all adds up to stiff competition for workers—and upward pressure on wages. "They're harder to find and they have job offers," says Jay Dunwell, president of Wolverine Coil Spring, a family-owned firm, "They may be coming [into the workforce], but they've been plucked by other industries that are also doing an well as manufacturing," Mr. Dunwell has begun bringing high school juniors to the factory so they can get exposed to its culture.At RoMan Manufacturing, a maker of electrical transformers and welding equipment that his father cofounded in 1980, Robert Roth keep a close eye on the age of his nearly 200 workers, five are retiring this year. Mr. Roth has three community-college students enrolled ina work-placement program, with a starting wage of $13 an hour that rises to $17 after two years.At a worktable inside the transformer plant, young JasonStenquist looks flustered by the copper coils he's trying to assemble and the arrival of two visitors. It's his first week on the job. Asked about his choice of career, he says at high school heconsidered medical school before switching to electrical engineering. "I love working with tools. I love creating." he says.But to win over these young workers, manufacturers have to clear another major hurdle: parents, who lived through the worst US economic downturn since the Great Depression, telling them to avoid the factory. Millennials "remember their father and mother both were laid off. They blame it on the manufacturing recession," says BirgitKlohs, chief executive of The Right Place, a business development agency for western Michigan.These concerns aren't misplaced: Employment in manufacturing has fallen from 17 million in 1970 to 12 million in 2013. When the recovery began, worker shortages first appeared in the high-skilled trades. Now shortages are appearing at the mid-skill levels."The gap is between the jobs that take to skills and those that require a lot of skill," says Rob Spohr, a business professor at Montcalm Community College. "There're enough people to fill the jobsat McDonalds and other places where you don't need to have much skill. It's that gap in between, and that's where the problem is. "Julie Parks of Grand Rapids Community points to another key to luring Millennials into manufacturing: a work/life balance. Whiletheir parents were content to work long hours, young people value flexibility. "Overtime is not attractive to this generation. They really want to live their lives," she says.[A] says that he switched to electrical engineering because he loves working with tools.41. Jay Deuwell[B] points out that there are enough people tofill the jobs that don't need much skill.42. Jason Stenquist[C] points out that the US doesn't manufacture anything anymore.43. Birgit Klohs[D] believes that it is important to keep a close eye on the age of his workers.44. Rob Spohr[E] says that for factory owners, workers are harder to find because of stiff competition.45.Julie Parks[F] points out that a work/life balance can attract young people into manufacturing.[G] says that the manufacturing recession is to blame for thelay-off the young people's parents.Section III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)My dream has always been to work somewhere in an area between fashion and publishing. Two years before graduating from secondary school, I took a sewing and design course thinking that I would move on to a fashion design course. However, during that course I realized I was not good enough in this area to compete with other creative personalities in the future, so I decided that it was not the rightpath for me. Before applying for university I told everyone that I would study journalism, because writing was, and still is, one of my favouri。

2017年全国硕⼠研究⽣⼊学统⼀考试英语(⼀)试题及答案 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding "yes!" 1 helping you feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter. In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants' susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold ,and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 . "Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds that's usually 14 with stress," notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging "is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty." Some experts 17 the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called "the bonding hormone" 18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain , and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology. 1.[A] Unlike [B] Besides [C] Despite [D] Throughout 【答案】[B] Besides 2.[A] connected [B] restricted [C] equal [D] inferior 【答案】[A] connected 3.[A] choice [B] view [C] lesson [D] host 【答案】[D] host 4.[A ]recall [B] forget [C] avoid [D] keep 【答案】[C] avoid 5.[A] collecting [B] involving [C] guiding [D] affecting 【答案】[B] involving 6.[A] of [B] in [C] at [D] on 【答案】[D] on 7.[A] devoted [B] exposed [C] lost [D] attracted 【答案】[B] exposed 8.[A] across [B] along [C] down [D] out 【答案】[C] down 9.[A] calculated [B] denied [C] doubted [D] imagined 【答案】[A] calculated 10.[A] served [B] required [C] restored [D] explained 【答案】[D] explained 11.[A] Even [B] Still [C] Rather [D] Thus 【答案】[A] Even 12.[A] defeats [B] symptoms [C] tests [D] errors 【答案】[B] symptoms 13.[A] minimized [B] highlighted [C] controlled [D] increased 【答案】[D] increased 14.[A] equipped B] associated [C] presented [D] compared 【答案】[B] associated 15.[A] assess [B] moderate [C] generate [D] record 【答案】[C] generate 16.[A] in the face of [B] in the form of [C] in the way of [D] in the name of 【答案】[A] in the face of 17.[A] transfer [B] commit [C] attribute [D] return 【答案】[C] attribute 18.[A] because [B] unless [C] though [D] until 【答案】[A] because 19.[A] emerges [B] vanishes [C] remains [D] decreases 【答案】[C] remains 20.[A] experiences [B] combines [C] justifies [D]influences 【答案】[D]influences Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points) Text 1 First two hours , now three hours-this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight , at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines. Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804,which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea ,provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating. Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons---both fake and real-past airport security nearly every time they tried .Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving Chicago's O'Hare International .It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become-but the lines are obvious. Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel , so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this. There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people inthe PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck. It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock. Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways. The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work. 21. the crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to [A] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide. [B] highlight the necessity of upgrading major US airports. [C] explain Americans' tolerance of current security checks. [D] emphasis the importance of privacy protection. 【答案】[C] explain Americans' tolerance of current security checks. 22. which of the following contributions to long waits at major airport? [A] New restrictions on carry-on bags. [B] The declining efficiency of the TSA. [C] An increase in the number of travelers. [D] Frequent unexpected secret checks. 【答案】[C] An increase in the number of travelers. 23.The word "expedited" (Line 4, Para.5) is closest in meaning to [A] faster. [B] quieter. [C] wider. [D] cheaper. 【答案】[A] faster. 24. One problem with the PreCheck program is [A] A dramatic reduction of its scale. [B] Its wrongly-directed implementation. [C] The government's reluctance to back it. [D] An unreasonable price for enrollment. 【答案】[D] An unreasonable price for enrollment. 25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text? [A] Less Screening for More Safety [B] PreCheck-a Belated Solution [C] Getting Stuck in Security Lines [D] Underused PreCheck Lanes 【答案】[B] PreCheck-a Belated Solution Text 2 "The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers," wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii's last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos. At issue is the TMT's planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko , that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world's most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea's peak rises above the bulk of our planet's dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity. Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environments have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation. Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea's fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the island's inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today. Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii's shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes. The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope's visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones w i l l b e r e m o v e d a t t h e e n d o f t h e i r l i f e t i m e s a n d t h e i r s i t e s r e t u r n e d t o a n a t u r a l s t a t e . T h e r e i s n o r e a s o n w h y e v e r y o n e c a n n o t b e w e l c o m e d o n M a u n a K e a t o e m b r a c e t h e i r c u l t u r a l h e r i t a g e a n d t o s t u d y t h e s t a r s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 3 " > 0 0 2 6 . ? Q u e e n L i l i u o k a l a n i ' s r e m a r k i n P a r a g r a p h 1 i n d i c a t e s / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 4 " > 0 0 [ A ] i t s c o n s e r v a t i v e v i e w o n t h e h i s t o r i c a l r o l e o f a s t r o n o m y . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 5 " > 0 0 [ B ] t h e i m p o r t a n c e o f a s t r o n o m y i n a n c i e n t H a w a i i a n s o c i e t y . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 6 " > 0 0 [ C ] t h e r e g r e t t a b l e d e c l i n e o f a s t r o n o m y i n a n c i e n t t i m e s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 7 " > 0 0 [ D ] h e r a p p r e c i a t i o n o f s t a r w a t c h e r s ' f e a t s i n h e r t i m e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 8 " > 0 0 0 T{ Hh 0 [ B ] t h e i m p o r t a n c e o f a s t r o n o m y i n a n c i e n t H a w a i i a n s o c i e t y . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 9 " > 0 0 2 7 . ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? M a u n a K e a i s d e e m e d a s a n i d e a l a s t r o n o m i c a l s i t e d u e t o / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 0 " > 0 0 [ A ] i t s g e o g r a p h i c a l f e a t u r e s / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 1 " > 0 0 [ B ] i t s p r o t e c t i v e s u r r o u n d i n g s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 2 " > 0 0 [ C ] i t s r e l ig i o u s i m p l i c a t i o n s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 3 " > 0 0 [ D ] i t s e x i s t i n g i n f r a s t r u c t u r e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 17 4 " > 0 0 0 T{ Hh 0 [ A ] i t s g e o g r a p h i c a l f e a t u r e s / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 5 " > 0 0 2 8 . ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? T h e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f t h e T M T i s o p p o s e d b y s o m e l o c a l s p a r t l y b e c a u s e / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 6 " > 0 0 [ A ] i t m a y r i s k r u i n i n g t h e i r i n t e l l e c t u a l l i f e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 7 " > 0 0 [ B ] i t r e m i n d s t h e m o f a h u m i l i a t i n g h i s t o r y . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 8 " > 0 0 [ C ] t h e i r c u l t u r e w i l l l o s e a c h a n c e o f r e v i v a l . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 9 " > 0 0 [ D ] t h e y f e a r l o s i n g c o n t r o l o f M a u n a K e a . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 0 " > 0 0 0 T{ Hh 0 [ B ] i t r e m i n d s t h e m o f a h u m i l i a t i n g h i s t o r y . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 1 " > 0 0 2 9 . ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? I t c a n b e i n f e r r e d f r o m P a r a g r a p h 5 t h a t p r o g r e s s i n t o d a y ' s a s t r o n o m y / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 2 " > 0 0 [ A ] i s f u l f i l l i n g t h e d r e a m s o f a n c i e n t H a w a i i a n s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 3 " > 0 0 [ B ] h e l p s s p r e a d H a w a i i a n c u l t u r e a c r o s s t h e w o r l d . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 4 " > 0 0 [ C ] m a y u n c o v e r t h e o r i g i n o f H a w a i i a n c u l t u r e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 5 " > 0 0 [ D ] w i l l e v e n t u a l l y s o f t e n H a w a i i a n s ' h o s t i l i t y . / p > p b d s f i d = "1 8 6 " > 0 0 0 T{ Hh 0 [ C ] m a y u n c o v e r t h e o r i g i n o f H a w a i i a n c u l t u r e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 7 " > 0 0 3 0 . T h e a u t h o r ' s a t t i t u d e t o w a r d c h o o s i n g M a u n a K e a a s t h e T M T s i t e i s o n e o f / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 8 " > 0 0 [ A ] s e v e r e c r i t i c i s m . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 9 " > 0 0 [ B ] p a s s i v e a c c e p t a n c e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 0 " > 0 0 [ C ] s l i g h t h e s i t a n c y . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 1 " > 0 0 [ D ] f u l l a p p r o v a l . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 92 " > 0 0 0 T{ Hh 0 [ D ] f u l l a p p r o v a l . 0 0 T e x t3 / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 3 " > 0 0 R o b e r t F . K e n n e d y o n c e s a i d t h a t a c o u n t r y ' s G D P m e a s u r e s " e v e r y t h i n g e x c e p t t h a t w h i c h m a k e s l i f e w o r t h w h i l e . " W i t h B r i t a i n v o t i n g t o l e a v e t h e E u r o p e a n U n i o n , a n d G D P a l r e a d y p r e d i c t e d t o s l o wa s a r e s u l t , i t i s n o w a t i m e l y m o m e n t t o a s s e s s w h a t h e w a s r e f e r r i n g t o . / p > pb d s f i d = " 1 9 4 " >0 0 T h e q u e s t i o n o f G D P a n d i t s u s e f u l n e s s h a s a n n o y e d p o l i c y m a k e r s f o r o v e r h a l f a c e n t u ry . M a n y a r g u e t h a t i t i s a f l a w e d c o n c e p t . I t m e a s u r e s t h i n g s t h a t d o n o t m a t t e r a n d m i s s e s t h i n g s t h a t d o . B y m o s t r e c e n t m e a s u r e s , t h e U K ' s G D P h a s b e e n t h e e n v y o f t h e W e s t e r n w o r l d , w i t h r e c o r d l o w u n e m p l o y m e n t a n d h i g h g r o w t h f i g u r e s . I f e v e r y t h i n g w a s g o i n g s o w e l l , t h e n w h y d i d o v e r 1 7 m i l l i o n p e o p l e v o t e f o r B r e x i t , d e s p i t e t h e w a r n i n g s a b o u t w h a t i t c o u l d d o t o t h e i r c o u n t r y ' s e c o n o m i c p r o s p e c t s ? / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 5 " > 0 0 A r e c e n t a n n u a l s t u d y o f c o u n t r i e s a n d t h e i r a b i l i t y t o c o n v e r t g r o w t h i n t o w e l l - b e i n g s h e d s s o m e l i g h t o n t h a t q u e s t i o n . A c r o s s t h e 1 6 3 c o u n t r i e s m e a s u r e d , t h e U K i s o n e o f t h e p o o r e s t p e r f o r m e r s i n e n s u r i n g t h a t e c o n o m i c g r o w t h i s t r a n s l a t e d i n t o m e a n i n g f u l i m p r o v e m e n t s f o r i t s c i t i z e n s . R a t h e r t h a n j u s t f o c u s i n g o n G D P , o v e r 4 0 d i f f e r e n t s e t s o f c r i t e r i a f r o m h e a l t h , e d u c a t i o n a n d c i v i l s o c i e t y e n g a g e m e n t h a v e b e e n m e a s u r e d t o g e t a m o r e r o u n d e d a s s e s s m e n t o f h o w c o u n t r i e s a r e p e r f o r m i n g . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 6 " > 0 0 W h i l e a l l o f t h e s e c o u n t r i e s f a c e t h e i r o w n c h a l l e n g e s , t h e r e a r e a n u m b e r o f c o n s i s t e n t t h e m e s . Y e s , t h e r e h a s b e e n a b u d d i n g e c o n o m i c r e c o v e r y s i n c e t h e 2 0 0 8 g l o b a l c r a s h , b u t i n k e y i n d i c a t o r s i n a r e a s s u c h a s h e a l t h a n d e d u c a t i o n , m a j o r e c o n o m i e s h a v e c o n t i n u e d t o d e c l i n e . Y e t t h i s i s n ' t t h e c a s e w i t h a l l c o u n t r i e s . S o m e r e l a t i v e l y p o o r E u r o p e a n c o u n t r i e s h a v e s e e n h u g e i m p r o v e m e n t s a c r o s s m e a s u r e s i n c l u d i n g c i v i l s o c i e t y , i n c o m e e q u a l i t y a n d t h e e n v i r o n m e n t . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 7 " > 0 0 T h i s i s a l e s s o n t h a t r i c h c o u n t r i e s c a n l e a r n : W h e n G D P i s n o l o n g e r r e g a r d e d a s t h e s o l e m e a s u r e o f a c o u n t r y ' s s u c c e s s , t h e w o r l d l o o k s v e r y d i f f e r e n t . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 8 " > 0 0 S o , w h a t K e n n e d y w a s r e f e r r i n g t o w a s t h a t w h i l e G D P h a s b e e n t h e m o s t c o m m o n m e t h o d f o r m e a s u r i n g t h e e c o n o m i c a c t i v i t y o f n a t i o n s , a s a m e a s u r e , i t i s n o l o n g e r e n o u g h . I t d o e s n o t i n c l u d e i m p o r t a n t f a c t o r s s u c h a s e n v i r o n m e n t a l q u a l i t y o r e d u c a t i o n o u t c o m e s - a l l t h i n g s t h a t c o n t r i b u t e t o a p e r s o n ' s s e n s e o f w e l l - b e i n g . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 9 " > 0 0 T h e s h a r p h i t t o g r o w t h p r e d i c t e d a r o u n d t h e w o r l d a n d i n t h e U K c o u l d l e a d t o a d e c l i n e i n t h e e v e r y d a y s e r v i c e s w e d e p e n d o n f o r o u r w e l l - b e i n g a n d f o r g r o w t h . B u t p o l i c y m a k e r s w h o r e f o c u s e f f o r t s o n i m p r o v i n g w e l l - b e i n g r a t h e r t h a n s i m p l y w o r r y i n g a b o u t G D P f i g u r e s c o u l d a v o i d t h e f o r e c a s t e d d o o m a n d m a y e v e n s e e p r o g r e s s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 0 " > 0 0 3 1 . R o b e r t F . K e n n e d y i s c i t e d b e c a u s e h e / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 1 " > 0 0 [ A ] p r a i s e d t h e U K f o r i t s G D P . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 2 " > 0 0 [ B ] i d e n t i f i e d G D P w i t h h a p p i n e s s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 3 " > 0 0 [ C ] m i s i n t e r p r e t e d t h e r o l e o f G D P . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 4 " > 0 0 [ D ] h a d a l o w o p i n i o n o f G D P . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 5 " > 0 0 0 T{ Hh 0 [ D ] h a d a l o w o p i n i o n o f G D P / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 6 " > 0 0 3 2 . I t c a n b e i n f e r r e d f r o m P a r a g r a p h 2 t h a t / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 7 " > 0 0 [ A ] t h e U K i s r e l u c t a n t t o r e m o l d i t s e c o n o m i c p a t t e r n . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 8 " > 0 0 [ B ] G D P a s t h e m e a s u r e o f s u c c e s s i s w i d e l y d e f i e d i n t h e U K . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 9 " > 0 0 [ C ] t h e U K w i l l c o n t r i b u t e l e s s t o t h e w o r l d e c o n o m y . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 1 0 " > 0 0 [ D ] p o l i c y m a k e r s i n t h e U K a r e p a y i n g l e s s a t t e n t i o n t o G D P . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 1 1 " > 0 0 0 T{ Hh 0 [ B ] G D P a s t h e m e a s u r e o f s u c c e s s i s w i d e l y d e f i e d i n t h e U K . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 1 2 " > 0 0 3 3 . W h i c h o f t h e f o l l o w i n g i s t r u e a b o u t t h e r e c e n t a n n u a l s t u d y ? / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 1 3 " > 0 0 [ A ] I t i s s p o n s o r e d b y 1 6 3 c o u n t r i e s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 1 4 " > 0 0 [ B ] I t e x c l u d e s G D P a s a n i n d i c a t o r . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 1 5 " > 0 0 [ C ] I t s c r i t e r i a a r e q u e s t i o n a b l e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 1 6 " > 0 0 [ D ] I t s r e s u l t s a r e e n l i g h t e n i n g . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 1 7 " > 0 0 0 T{ Hh 0 [ D ] I t s r e s u l t s a r e e n l i g h t e n i n g . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 1 8 " > 0 0 3 4 . I n t h e l a s t t w o p a r a g r a p h s , t h e a u t h o r s u g g e s t s t h a t / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 1 9 " > 0 0 [ A ] t h e U K i s p r e p a r i n g f o r a n e c o n o m i c b o o m . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 2 0 " > 0 0 [ B ] h i g h G D P f o r e s h a d o w s a n e c o n o m i c d e c l i n e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 2 1 " > 0 0 [ C ] i t i s e s s e n t i a l t o c o n s i d e r f a c t o r s b e y o n d G D P . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 2 2 " > 0 0 [ D ] i t r e q u i r e s c a u t i o n t o h a n d l e e c o n o m i c i s s u e s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 2 3 " > 0 0 0 T{ Hh 0 [ C ] i t i s e s s e n t i a l t o c o n s i d e r f a c t o r s b e y o n d G D P . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 2 4 " > 0 0 3 5 . W h i c h o f t h e f o l l o w i n g i s t h e b e s t t i t l e f o r t h e t e x t ? / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 2 5 " > 0 0 [ A ] H i g h G D P B u t I n a d e q u a t e W e l l - b e i n g , a U K L e s s o n / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 2 6 " > 0 0 [ B ] G D P F i g u r e s , a W i n d o w o n G l o b a l E c o n o m i c H e a l t h / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 2 7 " > 0 0 [ C ] R e b o r t F . K e n n e d y , a T e r m i n a t o r o f G D P / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 2 8 " > 0 0 [ D ] B r e x i t , t h e U K ' s G a t e w a y t o W e l l - b e i n g / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 2 9 " > 0 0 0 T{ Hh 0 [ A ] H i g h G D P B u t I n a d e q u a t e W e l l - b e i n g , a U K L e s s o n / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 3 0 " > 0 0 T e x t 4 / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 3 1 " > 0 0 I n a r a r e u n a n i m o u s r u l i n g , t h e U S S u p r e m e C o u r t h a s o v e r t u r n e d t h e c o r r u p t i o n c o n v i c t i o n o f a f o r m e r V i r g i n i a g o v e r n o r , R o b e r t M c D o n n e l l . B u t i t d i d s o w h i l e h o l d i n g i t s n o s e a t t h e e t h i c s o f h i s c o n d u c t , w h i c h i n c l u d e d a c c e p t i n g g i f t s s u c h a s a R o le x w a t c h a n d a F e r r a r i a u t o m o b i l ef r o m a c o m p a n y s e e k i ng a c c e s s t o g o v e r n m e n t . / p > p b d sf i d = " 2 3 2 " > 0 0 T h e h igh c o u r t ' s d e ci s i o n s a i d t h ej u d g e i n M r . M c D o n n e l l ' s t r i a l f a i l e d t o t e l l a j u r y t h a t i t m u s t l o ok o nl y a t h i s " o f f i c i a l a c t s , " o r t h e f o rm e r g o v e rno r ' s d e c i s i o n s o n " sp e c i f i c " a n d " u n s e t t l e d " i s s u e s r e l a t e d t o h i s d u t i e s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 3 3 " > 0 0 M e r e l y h e l p i n g a g i f t - g i v e r g a i n a c c e s s t o o t h e r o f f i c i a l s , u n l e s s d o n e w i t h c l e a r i n t e n t t o p r e s s u r e t h o s e o f f i c i a l s , i s n o t c o r r u p t i o n , t h e j u s t i c e s f o u n d . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 3 4 " > 0 0 T h e c o u r t d i d s u g g e s t t h a t a c c e p t i n g f a v o r s i n r e t u r n f o r o p e n i n g d o o r s i s " d i s t a s t e f u l " a n d " n a s t y . " B u t u n d e r a n t i - b r i b e r y l a w s , p r o o f m u s t b e m a d e o f c o n c r e t e b e n e f i t s , s u c h a s a p p r o v a l o f a c o n t r a c t o r r e g u l a t i o n . S i m p l y a r r a n g i n g a m e e t i n g , m a k i n g a p h o n e c a l l , o r h o s t i n g a n e v e n t i s n o t a n " o f f i c i a l a c t " . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 3 5 " > 0 0 T h e c o u r t ' s r u l i n g i s l e g a l l y s o u n d i n d e f i n i n g a k i n do f f a v o r i t i s m t h a t i s n o t c r i m i n a l . E l e c t e d l e a d e r s m u s t b e a l l o w e d t o h e l p s u p p o r t e r s d e a l w i t h b u r e a u c r a t i c p r o b l e m s w i t h o u t f e a r o f p r o s e c u t i o n f o r b r i b e r y . " T h e b a s i c c o m p a c t u n d e r l y i n g r e p r e s e n t a t i v e g o v e r n m e n t , " w r o t e C h i e f J u s t i c e J o h n R o b e r t s f o r t h e c o u r t , " a s s u m e s t h a t p u b l i c o f f i c i a l s w i l l h e a r f r o m t h e i r c o n s t i t u e n t s a n d a c t o n t h e i r c o n c e r n s . " / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 3 6 " > 0 0 B u t t h e r u l i n g r e i n f o r c e s t h e n e e d f o r c i t i z e n s a n d t h e i r e l e c t e d r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s , n o t t h e c o u r t s , t o e n s u r e e q u a l i t y o f a c c e s s t o g o v e r n m e n t . O f f i c i a l s m u s t n o t b e a l l o w e d t o p l a y f a v o r i t e s i n p r o v i d i n g i n f o r m a t i o n o r i n a r r a n g i n g m e e t i n g s s i m p l y b e c a u s e a n i n d i v i d u a l o r g r o u p p r o v i d e s a c a m p a i g n d o n a t i o n o r a p e r s o n a l g i f t . T h i s t y p e o f i n t e g r i t y r e q u i r e s w e l l - e n f o r c e d l a w s i n g o v e r n m e n t t r a n s p a r e n c y , s u c h a s r e c o r d s o f o f f i c i a l m e e t i n g s , r u l e s o n l o b b y i n g , a n d i n f o r m a t i o n a b o u t e a c h e l e c t e d l e a d e r ' s s o u r c e o f w e a l t h . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 3 7 " > 0 0 F a v o r i t i s m i n o f f i c i a l a c c e s s c a n f a n p u b l i c p e r c e p t i o n s o f c o r r u p t i o n . B u t i t i s n o t a l w a y s c o r r u p t i o n . R a t h e r o f f i c i a l s m u s t a v o i d d o u b l e s t a n d a r d s , o r d i f f e r e n t t y p e s o f a c c e s s f o r a v e r a g e p e o p l e a n d t h e w e a l t h y . I f c o n n e c t i o n s c a n b e b o u g h t , a b a s i c p r e m i s e o f d e m o c r a t i c s o c i e t y - t h a t a l l a r e e q u a l i n t r e a t m e n t b y g o v e r n m e n t - i s u n d e r m i n e d . G o o d g o v e r n a n c e r e s t s o n a n u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f t h e i n h e r e n t w o r t h o f e a c h i n d i v i d u a l . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 3 8 " > 0 0 T h e c o u r t ' s r u l i n g i s a s t e p f o r w a r d i n t h e s t r u g g l e a g a i n s t b o t h c o r r u p t i o n a n d o f f i c i a l f a v o r i t i s m . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 3 9 " > 0 0 3 6 . T h e u n d e r m i n e d s e n t e n c e ( P a r a . 1 ) m o s t p r o b a b l y s h o w s t h a t t h e c o u r t / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 4 0 " > 0 0 [ A ] a v o i d e d d e f i n i n g t h e e x t e n t o f M c D o n n e l l ' s d u t i e s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 4 1 " > 0 0 [ B ] m a d e n o c o m p r o m i s e i n c o n v i c t i n g M c D o n n e l l . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 4 2 " > 0 0 [ C ] w a s c o n t e m p t u o u s o f M c D o n n e l l ' s c o n d u c t . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 4 3 " > 0 0 [ D ] r e f u s e d t o c o m m e n t o n M c D o n n e l l ' s e t h i c s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 4 4 " > 0 0 0 T{ Hh 0 [ C ] w a s c o n t e m p t u o u s o f M c D o n n e l l ' s c o n d u c t . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 4 5 " > 0 0 3 7 . A c c o r d i n g t o P a r a g r a p h 4 , a n o f f i c i a l a c t i s d e e m e d c o r r u p t i v e o n l y i f i t i n v o l v e s / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 4 6 " > 00 [ A ] l e a k i n g s e c r e t s i n t e n t i o n a l l y . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 4 7 " > 0 0 [ B ] s i z a b l e g a i n s i n t h e f o r m o f gi f t s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 4 8 " > 0 0 [ C ] c o n c r e t e r e t u r n s f o r g i f t - g i v e r s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 4 9 " > 0 0 [ D ] b r e a k i n g c o n t r a c t s o f f i c i a l l y . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 5 0 " > 0 0 0 T{ Hh 0 [ C ] c o n c r e t e r e t u r n s f o r g i f t -g i v e r s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 5 1 " > 0 0 3 8 . T h e c o u r t ' s r u l i n g i s b a s e d o n t h e a s s u m p t i o n t h a t p u b l i c o f f i c i a l s a r e / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 5 2 " > 0 0 [ A ] j u s t i f i e d i n a d d r e s s i n g t h e n e e d s o f t h e i r c o n s t i t u e n t s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 5 3 " > 0 0 [ B ] q u a l i f i e d t o d e a l i n d e p e n d e n t l y w i t h b u r e a u c r a t i c i s s u e s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 5 4 " > 0 0 [ C ] a l l o w e d t o f o c u s o n t h e c o n c e r n s o f t h e i r s u p p o r t e r s . / p > p b d s f id = " 2 5 5 " > 0 0 [ D ]e x e m p tf r o m c o n v i c t i o n o n t h e c h a rg e o f f a v o r i t i s m . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 5 6 " > 00 0 T{ Hh 0 [ A ] j u s t i f i e d i n a d d r e s s i n g t h e n e e d s o f t h e i r c o n s t i t u e n t s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 5 7 " > 0 0 3 9 . W e l l - e n f o r c e d l a w s i n g o v e r n m e n t t r a n s p a r e n c y a r e n e e d e d t o / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 5 8 " > 0 0 [ A ] a w a k e n t h e c o n s c i e n c e o f o f f i c i a l s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 5 9 " > 0 0 [ B ] g u a r a n t e e f a i r p l a y i n o f fi c i a l a c c e s s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 6 0 " > 0 0 [ C ] a l l o w f o r c e r t a i n k i n d s o f l o b b y i n g . / p > p b d s f i d = " 26 1 " > 0 0 [ D ] i n s p i r e h o p e s i n a v e r a g e p e o p l e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 6 2 " > 0 0 0 T{ Hh 0 [ B ] g u a r a n t e e fa i r p l a y i n o f f i c i a l a c c e s s . / p > pb d s f i d = " 2 6 3 " > 0 0 4 0 . T h e a u t h o r ' s a t t i t u d e t o w a r d t h ec o u r t ' s r u l i n g i s / p > p bd s f i d = " 2 6 4 " > 0 0 [ A ] s a r c a s t i c . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 6 5 " > 0 0 [ B ] t o le r a n t . / p > p bd s f i d = " 2 6 6 " > 0 0 [ C ] s ke p t i c a l . / p > p b d sf i d = " 2 6 7 " > 0 0 [ D ] s u p p o r t i v e / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 6 8 " >0 0 0 T{ Hh 0 [ D ] s u p p o r t i v e 0 0 P a r t B / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 6 9 " > 0 0 D i r e c t i o n s : / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 7 0 " >0 0 T h e f o l l o w i n g p a r a g r a p h s a r e g i v e n i n a w r o n g o r d e r . F o r Q u e s t i o n s 4 1 - 4 5 , y o u a r e r e q ui r e d t o r e o r g a n i z e t h e s e p a r a g r a p h s i n t o a c o h e r e n t a r t i c l e b y c h o o s i n g f r o m t h e l i s t A - G t o f i l l i n g t h e m i n t o t h e n u m b e r e d b o x . P a r a g r a p h s B a n d D h a v e b e e n c o r r e c t l y p l a c e d . M a r k y o u r a n s w e r s o n A N S W E R S H E E T . ( 1 0 p o i n t s ) / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 7 1 " > 0 0 [ A ] T h e f i r s t p u b l i s h e d s k e t c h , " A D i n n e r a t P o p l a r W a l k " b r o u g h t t e a r s t o D i c k e n s ' s e y e s w h e n h e d i s c o v e r e d i t i n t h e p a g e s o f T h e M o n t h l y M a g a z i n e . F r o m t h e n o n h i s s k e t c h e s , w h i c h a p p e a r e d u n d e r t h e p e n n a m e " B o z " i n T h e E v e n i n g C h r o n i c l e , e a r n e d h i m a m o d e s t r e p u t a t i o n . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 7 2 " > 0 0 [ B ] T h e r u n a w a y s u c c e s s o f T h e P i c k w i c k P a p e r s , a s i t i s g e n e r a l l y k n o w n t o d a y , s e c u r e d D i c k e n s ' s f a m e . T h e r e w e r e P i c k w i c k c o a t s a n d P i c k w i c k c i g a r s , a n d t h e p l u m p , s p e c t a c l e d h e r o , S a m u e l P i c k w i c k , b e c a m e a n a t i o n a l f i g u r e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 7 3 " > 0 0 [ C ] S o o n a f t e r S k e t c h e s b y B o z a p p e a r e d , a p u b l i s h i n g f i r m a p p r o a c h e d D i c k e n s t o w r i t e a s t o r y i n m o n t h l y i n s t a l l m e n t s , a s a b a c k d r o p f o r a s e r i e s o f w o o d c u t s b y t h e t e n - f a m o u s a r t i s t R o b e r t S e y m o u r , w h o h a d o r i g i n a t e d t h e i d e a f o r t h e s t o r y . W i t h c h a r a c t e r i s t i c c o n f i d e n c e , D i c k e n s s u c c e s s f u l l y i n s i s t e d t h a t S e y m o u r ' s p i c t u r e s i l l u s t r a t e h i s o w n s t o r y i n s t e a d . A f t e r t h e f i r s t i n s t a l l m e n t , D i c k e n s w r o t e t o t h e a r t i s t a n d a s k e d h i m t o c o r r e c t a d r a w i n g D i c k e n s f e l t w a s n o t f a i t h f u l e n o u g h t o h i s p r o s e . S e y m o u r m a d e t h e c h a n g e , w e n t i n t o h i s b a c k y a r d , a n d e x p r e s s e d h i s d i s p l e a s u r e b y c o m m i t t i n g s u i c i d e . D i c k e n s a n d h i s p u b l i s h e r s s i m p l y p r e s s e d o n w i t h a n e w a r t i s t . T h e c o m i c n o v e l , T h e P o s t h u m o u s P a p e r s o f t h e P i c k w i c k C l u b , a p p e a r e d s e r i a l l y i n 1 8 3 6 a n d 1 8 3 7 , a n d w a s f i r s t p u b l i s h e d i n b o o k f o r m i n 1 8 3 7 . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 7 4 " > 0 0 [ D ] C h a r l e s D i c k e n s i s p r o b a b l y t h e b e s t - k n o w n a n d , t o m a n y p e o p l e , t h e g r e a t e s t E n g l i s h n o v e l i s t o f t h e 1 9 t h c e n t u r y . A m o r a l i s t , s a t i r i s t , a n d s o c i a l r e f o r m e r .D i c k e n s c r a f t e d c o m p l e x p l o t s a n d s t r i k i n g c h a r a c t e r s t h a t c a p t u r e t h e p a n o r a m a o fE n g l i。

2017英语二参考答案2017年的英语二考试是全国硕士研究生入学考试的一部分，它涵盖了英语语言的各个方面，包括阅读理解、完形填空、翻译和写作。

以下是2017年英语二考试的参考答案，供考生参考。

阅读理解1. A节（多项选择题）- 第1题：C- 第2题：A- 第3题：B- 第4题：D- 第5题：C- 第6题：B- 第7题：D- 第8题：A- 第9题：C- 第10题：B2. B节（新题型）- 第11题：E- 第12题：F- 第13题：C- 第14题：G- 第15题：H完形填空- 第21题：D（influence）- 第22题：A（concerning）- 第23题：B（consequently）- 第24题：C（in）- 第25题：A（to）- 第26题：D（with）- 第27题：A（for）- 第28题：C（it）- 第29题：B（that）- 第30题：D（is）翻译- 第31题：The author suggests that the current trend of technological development may lead to a future where humans are no longer the dominant species on Earth.- 第32题：The study found that the majority of people are not aware of the potential risks associated with the widespread use of technology.- 第33题：According to the research, the increasing reliance on technology could result in humans losing their ability to think independently.- 第34题：The article argues that the rapid advancement of technology poses a significant threat to the long-term survival of the human race.- 第35题：It is implied in the passage that the overuse of technology could eventually lead to humans becoming more dependent on machines than ever before.写作小作文（应用文写作）- 题目要求写一封邀请信，邀请教授参加学术会议。

2017年考研英语二阅读真题附答案发布来了解一下吧。

希望能帮到您！2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text。

Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on the ANSWER SHEET。

(10 points)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work 。

Today is no different，with academics，writers，and activists once again 1 that technology be replacing human workers。

Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 。

A few wealthy people will own all the capital，and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland。

A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort，one 4 by purposelessness：Without jobs to give their lives 5 ，people will simply become lazy and depressed。

6 ，today s unemployed don t seem to be having a great time。

2017年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语二试题Directions：Read the following text。

Choose the best word(s）for each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work 。

Today is no different，with academics，writers, and activists once again 1 that technology be replacing human workers。

Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 。

A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one 4 by purposelessness：Without jobs to give their lives 5 ，people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6 ，today’s unemployed don’t see m to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the rate for 7 Americans。

2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work .Today is no different, with academics, writers, and activists once again 1 that technology be replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 . A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one 4 by purposelessness: Without jobs to give their lives 5 , people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6 , today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the rate for 7 Americans. Also, some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality, mental-health problems, and addicting 9 poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.But it doesn’t 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstanced for the future of labor and leisure. Today, the 15 of work may be a bit overblown.“Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a waste of human potential,” says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days, because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers, people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s work, I often feel 18 ,” Danaher says, adding, “In a world in which I don’t have to work, I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters.1．[A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring【答案】[C] warning2．[A] inequality [B] instability [C] unreliability [D] uncertainty 【答案】[A] inequality3．[A] policy [B]guideline [C] resolution [D] prediction 【答案】[D] prediction4．[A] characterized [B]divided [C] balanced [D]measured【答案】[A] characterized5．[A] wisdom [B] meaning [C] glory [D] freedom【答案】[B] meaning6．[A] Instead [B] Indeed [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless 【答案】[B] Indeed7．[A] rich [B] urban [C]working [D] educated 【答案】[C] working8．[A] explanation [B] requirement [C] compensation [D] substitute 【答案】[A] explanation9．[A] under [B] beyond [C] alongside [D] among 【答案】[D] among10．[A] leave behind [B] make up [C] worry about [D] set aside 【答案】[C] worry about11．[A] statistically [B] occasionally [C] necessarily [D] economically 【答案】[C] necessarily12．[A] chances [B] downsides [C] benefits [D] principles 【答案】[B] downsides13．[A] absence [B] height [C] face [D] course 【答案】[A] absence14．[A] disturb [B] restore [C] exclude [D] yield 【答案】[D] yield15．[A] model [B] practice [C] virtue [D] hardship 【答案】[C] virtue16．[A] tricky [B] lengthy [C] mysterious [D] scarce 【答案】[D] scarce17．[A] demands [B] standards [C] qualities [D] threats 【答案】[A] demands18．[A] ignored [B] tired [C] confused [D] starved 【答案】[B] tired19．[A] off [B] against [C] behind [D] into 【答案】[D] into20．[A] technological [B] professional [C] educational [D] interpersonal 【答案】[B] professionalSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeley’s world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.Parkrun is succeeding where London’s Olympic “legacy” is failing. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. The population would be fitter, healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run —up to 2012—but the general population was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children. Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to “inspire a generation.” The success of Parkrun offers answers.Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock. The ethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally “grassroots”, concept as community sports associations. If there is a role forgovernment, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods—making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.21. According to Paragraph1, Parkrun has .[A] gained great popularity[B] created many jobs[C] strengthened community ties[D] become an official festival【答案】[A] gained great popularity22. The author believes that London’s Olympic“legacy” has failed to .[A] boost population growth[B] promote sport participation[C] improve the city’s image[D] increase sport hours in schools【答案】[B] promote sport participation23. Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it .[A] aims at discovering talents[B] focuses on mass competition[C] does not emphasize elitism[D] does not attract first-timers【答案】[C] does not emphasize elitism24. With regard to mass sport, the author holds that governments should .[A] organize “grassroots” sports events[B] supervise local sports associations[C] increase funds for sports clubs[D] invest in public sports facilities【答案】[D] invest in public sports facilities25. The author’s attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is .[A] tolerant[B] critical[C] uncertain[D] sympathetic【答案】[B] criticalText 2With so much focus on children’s use of screens, it’s easy for parents to forget about their own screen use. “Tech is designed to really suck on you in,” says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play, “and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine. ”Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children. During a separate observation, she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.Infants are wired to look at parents’ faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device—it can be extremely disconcerting foe the children. Radesky cites the “still face experiment” devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback; The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s attention. “Parents don’t have to be exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,” says Radesky.On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids’ use of screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting” with their children: “It’s based on a somewhat fantasized, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you’re failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.” Tronick believes that just because a child isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value to it—particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way. This can make them feel happier, which lets then be more available to their child the rest of the time.26. According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to ______.[A] simplify routine matters[B] absorb user attention[C] better interpersonal relations[D] increase work efficiency【答案】[B] absorb user attention27. Radesky’s food-testing exercise shows that mothers’ use of devices ______.[A] takes away babies’ appetite[B] distracts children’s attention[C] slows down babies’ verbal development[D] reduces mother-child communication【答案】[D] reduces mother-child communication28. Radesky’s cites the “still face experiment” to show that _______.[A] it is easy for children to get used to blank expressions[B] verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchange[C] children are insensitive to changes in their parents’ mood[D] parents need to respond to children’s emotional needs【答案】[D] parents need to respond to children’s emotional needs29. The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_______.[A] protect kids from exposure to wild fantasies[B] teach their kids at least 30,000 words a year[C] ensure constant interaction with their children[D] remain concerned about kid’s use of screens【答案】[C] ensure constant interaction with their children30. According to Tronick, kid’s use of screens may_______.[A] give their parents some free time[B] make their parents more creative[C] help them with their homework[D] help them become more attentive【答案】[A] give their parents some free timeText 3Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year. After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn’t it? And after going to school for 12 years, it doesn’t feel natural to spend a year doing something that isn’t academic.But while this may be true, it’s not a good enough reason to condemn gap years. There’s always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated “race to the finish line,” whether that be toward graduate school, medical school or lucrative career. But despite common misconceptions, a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits—in fact, it probably enhances it.Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not. Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changes—all things that first-year students often struggle with the most. Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders.If you’re not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests, then consider its financial impact on future academic choices. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students end up changing their majors at least once. This isn’t surprising, considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of themselves listing one major on their college applications, but switching to another after taking college classes. It’s not necessarily a bad thing, but depending on the school, it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game.At Boston College, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department. Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on.31. One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that .[A] they think it academically misleading[B] they have a lot of fun to expect in college[C] it feels strange to do differently from others[D] it seems worthless to take off-campus courses【答案】[C] it feels strange to do differently from others32. Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps .[A] keep students from being unrealistic[B] lower risks in choosing careers[C] ease freshmen’s financial burdens[D] relieve freshmen of pressures【答案】[D] relieve freshmen of pressures33. The word “acclimation” (Line 8, Para. 3) is closest in meaning to .[A] adaptation[B] application[C] motivation[D] competition【答案】[A] adaptation34. A gap year may save money for students by helping them .[A] avoid academic failures[B] establish long-term goals[C] switch to another college[D] decide on the right major【答案】[D] decide on the right major35. The most suitable title for this text would be .[A] In Favor of the Gap Year[B] The ABCs of the Gap Year[C] The Gap Year Comes Back[D] The Gap Year: A Dilemma【答案】[A] In Favor of the Gap YearText 4Though often viewed as a problem for western states, the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars, says Professor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecology and management.In 2015, the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires—nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago. In effect, fewer federal funds today are going towards the agency’s other work—such as forest conservation, watershed and cultural resources management, and infrastructure upkeep—that affect the lives of all Americans.Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into construction in fire-prone districts. As Moritz puts it, how often are federal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?“It’s already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country,” he says.” We need to take a magnifying glass to that. Like, “Wait a minute, is this OK?” “Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape?”Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today views fire, researchers say.For one thing, conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive. Over the past decade, the focus has been on climate change—how the warming of the Earth from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires.While climate is a key element, Moritz says, it shouldn’t come at the expense of the rest of the equation.“The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked, and the interactions go both ways,” he says. Failing to recognize that, he notes, leads to “an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be. Our perception of the problem and of what the solution is becomes very limited.”At the same time, people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity, says Professor Balch at the University of Colorado. But acknowledging fire’s inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws, policies, and practices that make it as safe as possible, she says.“We’ve disconnected ourselves from living with fire,” Balch says. “It is really important to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection with fire today.”36. More frequent wildfires have become a national concern because in 2015 they .[A] exhausted unprecedented management efforts[B] consumed a record-high percentage of budget[C] severely damaged the ecology of western states[D] caused a huge rise of infrastructure expenditure【答案】[B] consumed a record-high percentage of budget37. Moritz calls for the use of “a magnifying glass” to .[A] raise more funds for fire-prone areas[B] avoid the redirection of federal money[C] find wildfire-free parts of the landscape[D] guarantee safer spending of public funds【答案】[D] guarantee safer spending of public funds38. While admitting that climate is a key element, Moritz notes that .[A] public debates have not settled yet[B] fire-fighting conditions are improving[C] other factors should not be overlooked[D] a shift in the view of fire has taken place【答案】[C] other factors should not be overlooked39. The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of failing to .[A] discover the fundamental makeup of nature[B] explore the mechanism of the human systems[C] maximize the role of landscape in human life[D] understand the interrelations of man and nature【答案】[D] understand the interrelations of man and nature40. Professor Balch points out that fire is something man should .[A] do away with[B] come to terms with[C] pay a price for[D] keep away from【答案】[B] come to terms withPart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The decline in American manufacturing is a common refrain, particularly from Donald Trump. “We don’t make anything anymore,” he told Fox News, while defending his own made-in-Mexico clothing line.Without question, manufacturing has taken a significant hit during recent decades, and further trade deals raise questions about whether new shocks could hit manufacturing.But there is also a different way to look at the data.Across the country, factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge: instead of having too many workers, they may end up with too few. Despite trade competition and outsourcing, American manufacturing still needs to replace tens of thousands of retiring boomers every years. Millennials may not be that interested in taking their place, other industries are recruiting them with similar or better pay.For factory owners, it all adds up to stiff competition for workers—and upward pressure on wages. “They’re harder to find and they have job offers,” says Jay Dunwell, president of Wolverine Coil Spring, a family-owned firm, “They may be coming [into the workforce], but they’ve been plucked by other industries that are also doing an well as manufacturing,” Mr. Dunwell has begun bringing high school juniors to the factory so they can get exposed to its culture.At RoMan Manufacturing, a maker of electrical transformers and welding equipment that his father cofounded in 1980, Robert Roth keep a close eye on the age of his nearly 200 workers, five are retiring this year. Mr. Roth has three community-college students enrolled in a work-placement program, with a starting wage of $13 an hour that rises to $17 after two years.At a worktable inside the transformer plant, young Jason Stenquist looks flustered by the copper coils he’s trying to assemble and the arrival of two visitors. It’s his first week on the job. Asked about his choice of career, he says at high school he considered medical school beforeswitching to electrical engineering. “I love working with tools. I love creating.” he says.But to win over these young workers, manufacturers have to clear another major hurdle: parents, who lived through the worst US economic downturn since the Great Depression, telling them to avoid the factory. Millennials “remember their father and mother both were laid off. They blame it on the manufacturing recession,” says Birgit Klohs, chief executive of The Right Place, a business development agency for western Michigan.These concerns aren’t misplaced: Employment in manufacturing has fallen from 17 million in 1970 to 12 million in 2013. When the recovery began, worker shortages first appeared in the high-skilled trades. Now shortages are appearing at the mid-skill levels.“The gap is between the jobs that take to skills and those that require a lot of skill,” says Rob Spohr, a business professor at Montcalm Community College. “There’re enough people to fill the jobs at McDonalds and other places where you don’t need to have much skill. It’s that gap in between, and that’s where the problem is. ”Julie Parks of Grand Rapids Community points to another key to luring Millennials into manufacturing: a work/life balance. While their parents were content to work long hours, young people value flexibility. “Overtime is not attractive to this generation. They really want to live their lives,” she says.[A] says that he switched to electrical engineering because heloves working with tools.41. Jay Deuwell [B] points out that there are enough people to fill the jobs thatdon’t need much skill.42. Jason Stenquist [C] points out that the US doesn’t manufacture anything anymore.43. Birgit Klohs [D] believes that it is important to keep a close eye on the age ofhis workers.44. Rob Spohr [E] says that for factory owners, workers are harder to findbecause of stiff competition.45.Julie Parks [F] points out that a work/life balance can attract young peopleinto manufacturing.[G] says that the manufacturing recession is to blame for thelay-off the young people’s parents.【答案】41 [E] says that for factory owners, workers are harder to find because of stiff competition.42 [A] says that he switched to electrical engineering because he loves working with tools.43 [G] says that the manufacturing recession is to blame for the lay-off the young people’s parents.44 [B] points out that there are enough people to fill the jobs that don’t need much skill45 [F] points out that a work/life balance can attract young people into manufacturingSection III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)My dream has always been to work somewhere in an area between fashion and publishing. Two years before graduating from secondary school, I took a sewing and design course thinking that I would move on to a fashion design course. However, during that course I realized I was not good enough in this area to compete with other creative personalities in the future, so I decided that it was not the right path for me. Before applying for university I told everyone that I would study journalism, because writing was, and still is, one of my favourite activities. But, to be honest, I said it , because I thought that fashion and me together was just a dream—I knew that no one could imagine me in the fashion industry at all! So I decided to look for some fashion-related courses that included writing. This is when I noticed the course “Fashion Media & Promotion.”【参考译文】我一直梦想着能找到一个结合时尚与出版的工作。

2017年考研英语⼆真题及答案解析2017年考研英语⼆Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.Today is no different，with academics，writers，and activists once again 1 that technology is replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 . A few wealthy people will own all the capital，and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland..A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort，one 4 by purposelessness：Without jobs to give their lives 5 ，people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6 today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression，double the rate for 7 Americans. Also，some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality，mental-health problems，and addicting9 poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.But it doesn’t 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work，a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. Today，the 15 of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring，degrading，unhealthy，and a waste of human potential，” says John Danaher，a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days，because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers，people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s work，I often feel 18 ，” Danahersays，adding，“In a world in which I don’t have to work，I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters.1. [A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring2. [A] inequality [B] instability [C] unreliability [D] uncertainty3. [A] policy [B]guideline [C] resolution [D] prediction4. [A] characterized [B]divided [C] balanced [D]measured5. [A] wisdom [B] meaning [C] glory [D] freedom6. [A] Instead [B] Indeed [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless7. [A] rich [B] urban [C]working [D] educated8. [A] explanation [B] requirement [C] compensation [D] substitute9. [A] under [B] beyond [C] alongside [D] among10. [A] leave behind [B] make up [C] worry about [D] set aside11. [A] statistically [B] occasionally [C] necessarily [D] economically12. [A] chances [B] downsides [C] benefits [D] principles13. [A] absence [B] height [C] face [D] course14. [A] disturb [B] restore [C] exclude [D] yield15. [A] model [B] practice [C] virtue [D] hardship16. [A] tricky [B] lengthy [C] mysterious [D] scarce17. [A] demands [B] standards [C] qualities [D] threats18. [A] ignored [B] tired [C] confused [D] starved19. [A] off [B] against [C] behind [D] into20. [A] technological [B] professional [C] educational [D] interpersonalSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points）Text 1Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeley's world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.Parkrun is succeeding where London's Olympic "legacy" is failing. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. The population would be fitter, healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run－up to 2012－but the general population was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children. Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to "inspire a generation." The success of Parkrun offers answers.Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock. The ethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally "grassroots", concept as community sports associations. If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods－making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all theseactivities in schools. But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.21.According to Paragraph1, Parkrun has_____.A．gained great popularityB．created many jobsC．strengthened community tiesD．become an official festival22.The author believes that London's Olympic "legacy" has failed to_____. A．boost population growthB．promote sport participationC．improve the city's imageD．increase sport hours in schools23.Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it_____.A．aims at discovering talentsB．focuses on mass competitionC．does not emphasize elitismD．does not attract first-timers24.With regard to mass sport, the author holds that governments should_____. A．organize "grassroots" sports events B．supervise local sports associationsC．increase funds for sports clubsD．invest in public sports facilities25.The author's attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is_____. A．tolerantB．criticalC．uncertainD．sympatheticText 2With so much focus on children’s use of screens, it's easy for parents to forget about their own screen use. “Tech is designed to really suck on you in,” says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play, "and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine.”Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbalinteractions with their children. During a separate observation, she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.Infants are wired to look at parents’ faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device －it can be extremely disconcerting foe the children. Radesky cites the “still face experiment” devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback; The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s a ttention. "Parents don't have to be exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need," says Radesky.On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids' use of screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting” with their children: “It’s based on a somewhat fantasized, very white, very upper-middle-cla ss ideology that says if you’re failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.” Tronick believes that just because a child isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value to it －particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way. This can make them feel happier, which lets then be more available to their child the rest of the time.26.According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to ______. A．simplify routine mattersB．absorb user attentionC．better interpersonal relationsD．increase work efficiency27.Radesky’s food-testing exercise shows tha t mothers’ use of devices ______. A．takes away babies’ appetite B．distracts children’s attentionC．slows down babies’ verbal developmentD．reduces mother-child communication28.Radesky’s cites the “still face experiment” to show that _______.A．it is easy for children to get used to blank expressionsB．verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchangeC．children are insensitive to changes in their parents’ moodD．parents need to respond to children's emotional needs29.The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_______. A．protect kids from exposure to wild fantasiesB．teach their kids at least 30,000 words a yearC．ensure constant interaction with their childrenD．remain concerned about kid's use of screens30.According to Tro nick, kid’s use of screens may_______.A．give their parents some free timeB．make their parents more creativeC．help them with their homeworkD．help them become more attentiveText 3Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year. After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn't it? And after going to school for 12 years, it doesn't feel natural to spend a year doing something that isn’t academic.But while this may be true, it’s not a good enough reason to condemn gap years. There's always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated “race to the finish line,” whether that be toward graduate school, medical school or lucrative career. But despite common misconceptions, a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits－in fact, it probably enhances it.Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not. Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changes－all things that first-year students often struggle with the most. Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders.If you're not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests, then consider its financial impact on future academic choices. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students end up changing their majors at least once. This isn’t surprising, considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of themselves listing one major on their college applications, but switching to another after taking college classes. It’s not necessarily a bad thing, but depending on the school, it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game. At Boston College, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department. Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on.31.One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that_____. A．they think it academically misleading B．they have a lot of fun to expect in collegeC．it feels strange to do differently from othersD．it seems worthless to take off-campus courses32.Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps_____. A．keep students from being unrealistic B．lower risks in choosing careersC．ease freshmen’s financial burdensD．relieve freshmen of pressures33.The word “acclimation”（Line 8, Para. 3）is closest in meaning to_____. A．adaptationB．applicationC．motivationD．competition34.A gap year may save money for students by helping them_____.A．avoid academic failuresB．establish long-term goalsC．switch to another collegeD．decide on the right major35.The most suitable title for this text would be_____.A．In Favor of the Gap YearB．The ABCs of the Gap YearC．The Gap Year Comes BackD．The Gap Year: A DilemmaText 4Though often viewed as a problem for western states, the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars, says Professor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecology and management.In 2015, the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires－nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago. In effect, fewer federal funds today are going towards the agency's other work－such as forest conservation, watershed and cultural resources management, and infrastructure upkeep －that affect the lives of all Americans.Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into construction in fire-prone districts. As Moritz puts it, how often are federal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?“It’s already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country,” he says. We need to take a magnifying glass to that. Like, “Wait a minute, is this OK?”“Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape?”Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today views fire, researchers say.For one thing, conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive. Over the past decade, the focus has been on climate change－how the warming of the Earth from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires.While climate is a key element, Moritz says, it shouldn’t come at the expense of the rest of the equation.“The human systems an d the landscapes we live on are linked, and the interactions go both ways," he says. Failing to recognize that, he notes, leads to "an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be. Our perception of the problem and of what the solution is becomes very limited.”At the same time, people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity, says Professor Balch at the University of Colorado. But acknowledging fire's inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws, policies, and practices that make it as safe as possible, she says.“We’ve disconnected ourselves from living with fire,” Balch says. “It is really important to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection with fire today.”36.More frequent wildfires have become a national concern because in 2015they_____.A．exhausted unprecedented management effortsB．consumed a record-high percentage of budgetC．severely damaged the ecology of western statesD．caused a huge rise of infrastructure expenditure37.Moritz calls for the use of "a magnifying glass" to _____.A．raise more funds for fire-prone areasB．avoid the redirection of federal moneyC．find wildfire-free parts of the landscapeD．guarantee safer spending of public funds38.While admitting that climate is a key element, Moritz notes that _____. A．public debates have not settled yetB．fire-fighting conditions are improvingC．other factors should not be overlookedD．a shift in the view of fire has taken place39.The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of failing to _____. A．discover the fundamental makeup of nature B．explore the mechanism of the human systemsC．maximize the role of landscape in human lifeD．understand the interrelations of man and nature40.Professor Balch points out that fire is something man should _____.A．do away withB．come to terms withC．pay a price forD．keep away fromPart BDirections：Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （10 points）The decline in American manufacturing is a common refrain, particularly from Donald Trump. "We don't make anything anymore," he told Fox News, while defending his own made-in-Mexico clothing line.Without question, manufacturing has taken a significant hit during recent decades, and further trade deals raise questions about whether new shocks could hit manufacturing.But there is also a different way to look at the data.Across the country, factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge: instead of having too many workers, they may end up with too few. Despite trade competition and outsourcing, American manufacturing still needs to replace tens of thousands of retiring boomers every years. Millennials may not be that interested in taking their place, other industries are recruiting them with similar or better pay.For factory owners, it all adds up to stiff competition for workers－and upward pressure on wages. "They're harder to find and they have job offers," says Jay Dunwell, president of Wolverine Coil Spring, a family-owned firm, "They may be coming [into the workforce], but they've been plucked by other industries that are also doing an well as manufacturing," Mr. Dunwell has begun bringing high school juniors to the factory so they can get exposed to its culture.At RoMan Manufacturing, a maker of electrical transformers and welding equipment that his father cofounded in 1980, Robert Roth keep a close eye on the age of his nearly 200 workers, five are retiring this year. Mr. Roth has three community-college students enrolled in a work-placement program, with a starting wage of $13 an hour that rises to $17 after two years.At a worktable inside the transformer plant, young Jason Stenquist looks flustered by the copper coils he's trying to assemble and the arrival of two visitors. It's his first week on the job. Asked about his choice of career, he says at high school he considered medical school before switching to electrical engineering. "I love working with tools. I love creating." he says. But to win over these young workers, manufacturers have to clear another major hurdle: parents, who lived through the worst US economic downturn since the Great Depression, telling them to avoid the factory. Millennials "remember their father and mother both were laid off. They blame it on the manufacturing recession," says Birgit Klohs, chief executive of The Right Place, a business development agency for westernMichigan.These concerns aren't misplaced: Employment in manufacturing has fallen from 17 million in 1970 to 12 million in 2013. When the recovery began, worker shortages first appeared in the high-skilled trades. Now shortages are appearing at the mid-skill levels."The gap is between the jobs that take to skills and those that require a lot of skill," says Rob Spohr, a business professor at Montcalm Community College. "There're enough people to fill the jobs at McDonalds and other places where you don't need to have much skill. It's that gap in between, and that's where the problem is."Julie Parks of Grand Rapids Community points to another key to luring Millennials into manufacturing: a work/life balance. While their parents were content to work long hours, young people value flexibility. "Overtime is not attractive to this generation. They really want to live their lives," she says.Section III TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)46.My dream has always been to work somewhere in an area between fashion and publishing. Two years before graduating from secondary school, I took a sewing and design course thinking that I would move on to a fashion design course. However, during that course I realised that I was not good enough in this area to compete with other creative personalities in the future, so I decided that it was not the right path for me. Before applying for university I told everyone that I would study journalism, because writing was, and still is, one of my favourite activities. But, to be absolutely honest, I said it, because I thought that fashion and me together was just a dream - I knew that no one, apart from myself, could imagine me in the fashion industry at all!Section IV WritingPart A51 Directions:Suppose you are invited by Professor Williams to give a presentation about Chinese culture to a group of international students. Write a reply to1）Accept the invitation, and2）Introduce the key points of your presentation.You should write neatly on the ANWSER SHEET.Do not sign you own name at the end of the letter, use “Li Ming ” instead.Do not write the address .(10 points)52. Directions:Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)You should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15points)参考答案1. C空格之后的宾语从句部分“technology is replacing human workers.”结合选项，应该选择warning。

Directions：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work .Today is no different, with academics, writers, and activists once again 1 that technology be replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 . A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one 4 by purposelessness：Without jobs to give their lives 5 , people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6 , today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the rate for 7 Americans. Also, some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality, mental-health problems, and addicting 9 poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage ofwell-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.But it doesn’t11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are d on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstanced for the future of labor and leisure. Today, the 15 of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a waste of human potential,” says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days, because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers, people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s work, I often feel18 ,” Danaher says, adding, “In a world in which I don’t have to work, I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters.1.[A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring2.[A] inequality [B] instability [C] unreliability [D] uncertainty3.[A] policy [B]guideline [C] resolution [D] prediction4.[A] characterized [B]divided [C] balanced [D]measured5.[A] wisdom [B] meaning [C] glory [D] freedom6.[A] Instead [B] Indeed [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless7.[A] rich [B] urban [C]working [D] educated8.[A] explanation [B] requirement [C] compensation [D] substitute9.[A] under [B] beyond [C] alongside [D] among10.[A] leave behind [B] make up [C] worry about [D] set aside11.[A] statistically [B] occasionally [C] necessarily [D] economically12.[A] chances [B] downsides [C] benefits [D] principles13.[A] absence [B] height [C] face [D] course14.[A] disturb [B] restore [C] exclude [D] yield15.[A] model [B] practice [C] virtue [D] hardship16.[A] tricky [B] lengthy [C] mysterious [D] scarce17.[A] demands [B] standards [C] qualities [D] threats18.[A] ignored [B] tired [C] confused [D] starved19.[A] off [B] against [C] behind [D] into20.[A] technological [B] professional [C] educational [D] interpersonal【试题精析】1. [答案][C] warning考点：上下文语义理解解析：空格之后的宾语从句部分“technology is replacing human workers.”结合选项，应该选择warning。