2016.05.22托福阅读真题回顾与解析

Throughout the nineteenth century and into the twentieth, citizens of the United States maintained a bias against big cities. Most lived on farms and in small towns and believed cities to be centers of corruption, crime, poverty, and moral degradation. Their distrust was caused, in part, by a national ideology that proclaimed farming the greatest occupation and rural living superior to urban living. This attitude prevailed even as the number of urban dwellers increased and cities became an essential feature of the national landscape. Gradually, economic reality overcame ideology. Thousands abandoned the precarious life on the farm for more secure and better paying jobs in the city. But when these people migrated from the countryside, they carried their fears and suspicious with them. These new urbanities, already convinced that cities were overwhelmed with great problems, eagerly embraced the progressive reforms that promised to bring order out of the chaos of the city. One of many reforms came in the area of public utilities. Water and sewerage systems were usually operated by municipal governments, but the gas and electric networks were privately owned. Reformers feared that the privately owned utility companies would charge exorbitant rates for these essential services and deliver them only to people who could afford them. Some city and state governments responded by regulating the utility companies, but a number of cities began to supply these services themselves. Proponents of these reforms argued that public ownership and regulation would insure widespread access to these utilities and guarantee a fair price. While some reforms focused on government and public behavior, others looked at the cities as a whole. Civic leaders, convinced that physical environment influenced human behavior, argued that cities should develop master plans to guide their future growth and development. City planning was nothing new, but the rapid industrialization and urban growth of the late nineteenth century took place without any consideration for order. Urban renewal in the twentieth century followed several courses. Some cities introduced plans to completely rebuild the city core. Most other cities contented themselves with zoning plans for regulating future growth. Certain parts of town were restricted to residential use, while others were set aside for industrial or commercial development. 1. What does the passage mainly discuss? (A) A comparison of urban and rural life in the early twentieth century (B) The role of government in twentieth century urban renewal (C) Efforts to improve urban life in the early twentieth century (D) Methods of controlling urban growth in the twentieth century 2. The word "bias偏见" in line 2 is closest in meaning to (A) diagonal斜线的 (B) slope (C) distortion (D) prejudice 3. The first paragraph suggests that most people who lived in rural areas (A) were suspicious of their neighbors (B) were very proud of their lifestyle (C) believed city government had too much power (D) wanted to move to the cities 4. In the early twentieth century, many rural dwellers migrated to the city in order to (A) participate in the urban reform movement (B) seek financial security (C) comply with a government ordinance (D) avoid crime and corruption 5. The word "embraced拥抱" in line 11 is closest in meaning to (A) suggested (B) overestimated (C) demanded (D) welcomed 6. What concern did reformers have about privately owned utility companies? (A) They feared the services would not be made available to all city dwellers. (B) They believed private ownership would slow economic growth (C) They did not trust the companies to obey the government regulations. (D) They wanted to ensure that the services would be provided to rural areas. 7. The word "exorbitant过⾼的(价钱)" in line 16 is closest in meaning to (A) additional (B) expensive (C) various (D) modified 8. All of the following were the direct result of public utility reforms EXCEPT (A) local governments determined the rates charged by private utility companies (B) some utility companies were owned and operated by local governments (C) the availability of services was regulated by local government (D) private utility companies were required to pay a fee to local governments 9. The word "Proponents⽀持者" in line 18 is closest in meaning to (A) Experts (B) Pioneers (C) Reviewers (D) Supporters 10. Why does the author mention "industrialization" (line 24)? (A) To explain how fast urban growth led to poorly designed cities (B) To emphasize the economic importance of urban areas (C) To suggest that labor disputes had become an urban problem (D) To illustrate the need for construction of new factories CDBBD ABDDA。

The first flying vertebrates were true reptiles in which one of the fingers of the front limbs became very elongated, providing support for a flap of stretched skin that served as a wing. These were the pterosaurs, literally the "winged lizards." The earliest pterosaurs arose near the end of the Triassic period of the Mesozoic Era, some 70 million years before the first known fossils of true birds occur, and they presumably dominated the skies until they were eventually displaced by birds. Like the dinosaurs, some the pterosaurs became gigantic; the largest fossil discovered is of an individual that had a wingspan of 50 feet or more, larger than many airplanes. These flying reptiles had large, tooth-filled jaws, but their bodies were small and probably without the necessary powerful muscles for sustained wing movement. They must have been expert gliders, not skillful fliers, relying on wind power for their locomotion. Birds, despite sharing common reptilian ancestors with pterosaurs, evolved quite separately and have been much more successful in their dominance of the air. They are an example of a common theme in evolution, the more or less parallel development of different types of body structure and function for the same reason — in this case, for flight. Although the fossil record, as always, is not complete enough to determine definitively the evolutionary lineage of the birds or in as much detail as one would like, it is better in this case than for many other animal groups. That is because of the unusual preservation in a limestone quarry in southern Germany of Archaeopteryx, a fossil that many have called the link between dinosaurs and birds. Indeed, had it not been for the superb preservation of these fossils, they might well have been classified as dinosaurs. They have the skull and teeth of a reptile as well as a bony tail, but in the line-grained limestone in which these fossils occur there are delicate impressions of feathers and fine details of bone structure that make it clear that Archaeopteryx was a bird. All birds living today, from the great condors of the Andes to the tiniest wrens, trace their origin back to the Mesozoic dinosaurs. 1. What does the passage mainly discuss? (A) Characteristics of pterosaur wings (B) The discovery of fossil remains of Archaeopteryx (C) Reasons for the extinction of early flying vertebrates (D) The development of flight in reptiles and birds 2. Which of the following is true of early reptile wings? (A) They evolved from strong limb muscles. (B) They consisted of an extension of skin. (C) They connected the front and back limbs. (D) They required fingers of equal length. 3. The word "literally照字⾯地" in line 3 is closest in meaning to (A) creating (B) meaning (C) related to (D) simplified 4. It can be inferred from the passage that birds were probably dominant in the skies (A) in the early Triassic period (B) before the appearance of pterosaurs (C) after the decline of pterosaurs (D) before dinosaurs could be found on land. 5. The author mentions airplanes in line 8 in order to (A) illustrate the size of wingspans in some pterosaurs (B) compare the energy needs of dinosaurs with those of modern machines (C) demonstrate the differences between mechanized flight and animal flight (D) establish the practical applications of the study of fossils 6. The word "They" in line 10 refers to (A) powerful muscles (B) bodies (C) jaws (D) flying reptiles 7. According to the passage , pterosaurs were probably "not skillful fliers" (lines 10-11) because (A) of their limited wingspan (B) of their disproportionately large bodies (C) they lacked muscles needed for extended flight (D) climate conditions of the time provided insufficient wind power 8. In paragraph 2, the author discusses the development of flight in birds as resulting from (A) a similarity in body structure to pterosaurs (B) an evolution from pterosaurs (C) the dominance of birds and pterosaurs over land animals (D) a separate but parallel development process to that of pterosaurs 9. The word "classified" in line 21 is closest in meaning to (A) perfected (B) replaced (C) categorized (D) protected 10. Which of the following helped researchers determine that Archaeopteryx was not a dinosaur? (A) Its tail (B) Its teeth (C) The shape of its skull (D) Details of its bone structure 11. What is the significance of the discovery that was made in southern Germany? (A) It is thought to demonstrate that birds evolved from dinosaurs. (B) It is proof that the climate and soils of Europe have changed over time. (C) It suggests that dinosaurs were dominant in areas rich in limestone. (D) It supports the theory that Archaeopteryx was a powerful dinosaur. DBBCA DCDCDA。

2016年托福写作真题及解析为了让大家更好的准备托福考试，给大家整理了托福真题解析,下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

2016年托福阅读真题及解析1托福阅读第一篇欧洲人口增加原文回顾：欧洲经济发展相关，工业化和食物的增长促进了人口的增长。

高速城市化：人们开始从乡下往城镇转移，因此带来了工作，生活资料等一系列的变化。

细节讲到了熟练工和普通人的区别，考了两个题。

最后讲到了人口的增加导致人均工资下降的问题。

学习：After a century of virtually no population growth, the countries of WesternEurope experienced dramatic population increases between 1750 and 1800. Manycountries doubled in size. In some countries, the growth continued through thenineteenth century. The population of Great Britain, for instance, doubled between 1750 and 1800 and then tripled between 1800 and 1900.There were several reasons for the sudden increase. Medical advances andimproved hygiene limited the devastation caused by epidemic diseases andplagues. The introduction of new food crops, most notably the potato, provided abetter diet for the poor and reduced the incidence of famine. The combination ofgreater public order and fewer civil wars meant that life was less hazardous.The net result was a lower death rate and soaring populations.The growing population, with a rising proportion of children to raise andolder people to care for, put increased pressure on every aspect of society. Many peasants were no longer able to provide land for their children, who wereforced to look for other ways to make their living. Small artisans in the citiessuffered similar problems, unable to provide places for their children in theirown workshops.The exact relationship between population growth and industrialization isunclear, though the two are clearly intertwined. (Even countries that were lateto industrialize shared in the general population increase, and its relatedproblems.) What is clear is that the growth in population increased the demandfor both food and manufactured goods and provided an abundance of cheap labor toproduce them.托福阅读第二篇非洲铁技术的发展原文回顾：非洲铁的发展，非洲曾经是被殖民的地方，殖民者大量开采非洲的铁矿资源，并且他们在非洲大规模的用铁矿资源冶炼金属，牵扯到起源，谁把铁的技术引进非洲，以及铁技术之后的发展和改变。

2016 年托福阅读模拟试题及答案解析 (2)托福阅读试题1.What can be inferred from paragraph 1 aboutBritain's short supply of wood in the eighteenthcentury?A.Wood from Britain’s great forests was beingexported to other countries for profit.B.A growing population had required cutting down forests to increase available land forfarming.rger families required the construction of larger homes made from wood.D.What was left of the great forests after the medieval period was being strictly protected.2.Select TWO answer choices that, according to paragraph 1, are true statementsabout Russia’s iron industry in the eighteenth century. To obtain credit, you mustselect TWO answer choices.A.Russia reached its maximum production of iron at the same time as Britain.B.Russia exported much of its iron production to Britain.C.Russia’s appetite for iron increased rapidly after 1740.D.Russia’s energy resourceseventually became insufficient and limited the growth of its iron industry.3.The word "abundant" in the passage is closest in meaning toA.reliableB.plentifulC.well-preservedD.existing4.Why are "beer, glass, soap, and other products" mentioned in the discussion ofBritain’s energy?A.To help explain why the energy crisis was so severeB.To show that despite the energy crisis and as early as 1640, London homes were advancedand well suppliedC.To emphasize that after 1640, British homes required energy for more than heatD.To indicate that coal had been used for the production of certain products before theeighteenth century5.According to paragraph 3, all of the following are ways in which the Savery andNewcomen engines were similar EXCEPT:A.Both became relatively inexpensive after the 1770s.B.Both produced steam by burning coal.C.Both were used to operate pumps.D.Both were very inefficient.6.The word "gifted" in the passage is closest in meaning toA.independentB.talentedC.famousD.ambitious7.According to paragraph 4, what was James Watt’s major achievement?A. He was able to apply his understanding of physics to invent a variety of scientificinstruments and tools for skilled crafts workers.B.He taught university physics courses to outstanding students whose observations led tomany patented inventions.C.He improved the efficiency of Newcomen’s engine by preventing energy from being lost.D.He redesigned Newcomen’s engine so that it no longer needed a separate condenser.8.The word "splendid" in the passage is closest in meaning toA.originalB.necessaryC.magnificentD.popular9.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 5 as a development thatgreatly changed the production of iron?A.The use of coke in the smelting of pig ironB.The invention of a furnace that used coke to refine ironC.The discovery of a method for increasing the production of charcoalD.The invention of powerful machinery that could shape, form, and finish iron10.In paragraph 6, why does the author compare British iron production in 1740 withthat of 1844?A.To contrast the amounts of iron needed in Britain in two different centuriesB.To illustrate how easy it was to make money using Cort’s inventionC.To demonstrate the tremendous growth of the iron industry in BritainD.To demonstrate how inexpensive coal had become11.The word "indispensable" in the passage is closest in meaning toA.advantageousB.essentialC.less costlyD.highly stimulating12.According to the passage, which of the following is true about the development ofsteam power?A.The steam engine’s basic technology can be traced back to medieval Britain when steam-powered machinery was being tried in farming activities.B.Although Russia and Britain developed steam-power technology simultaneously,Britain wasfirst to try it in a large-scale industry due to a greater need for iron.C.Steam-power technology was largely the result of improvements developed to increase thesupply of coal as a primary source of energy.D.Adaptations to steam engines required for their use in cotton-spinning mills led to radicaldevelopments in machinery used in the iron industry.13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could beadded to the passage.Where would the sentence best fit? Energy had not been aproblem for Britain in the past because it relied on a rich source of energy: its vastforests.By the eighteenth century,Britain was experiencing a severe shortage of energy. ■【A】 Because of the growth of population, most of the great forests of medieval Britain had longago been replaced by fields of grain and hay. ■【B】Wood was in ever-shorter supply, yet itremained tremendously important.■【C】It served as the primary source of heat for allhomes and industries and as a basic raw material.■【D】Processed wood (charcoal) was thefuel that was mixed with iron ore in the blast furnace to produce pig iron (raw iron). The ironindustry’s appetite for wood was enormous, and by 1740 the British iron industry wasstagnating.Vast forests enabled Russia to become the world’s leading producer of iron,much ofwhich was exported to Britain.But Russia’s potential for growth was limited too,and in a fewdecades Russia would reach the barrier of inadequate energy that was already holdingEngland back.14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage of thepassage is provided plete the summary by selecting the THREE answerchoices that express the most important ideas in the passage.Some answer choicesdo not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented inthe passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This questions is worth 2 points.By the eighteenth century,Britain was experiencing a severe shortage of energy.A.The development of blast furnaces for the manufacture of pig iron made the Britain lessdependent on wood.B.After the medieval period, both Russia and Britain began to look for alternative sources ofenergy, such as steam power, in order to maintain the growth of their iron industries.C.Two inventors designed the first steam engines in order to overcome the disadvantages ofrelying on horses to power the pumps used in mining coal.D.James Watt was able to improve upon the efficiency of the steam engine and make it usefulto several industries.E.The puddling furnace increased the availability of charcoal to a variety of industries fromcotton to iron production.F.Steam power increased coal production,which in turn allowed extraordinary growth of theiron industry and the British economy.托福阅读答案1.B2.BD3.B4.D5.A6.B7.C8.C9.C10.C11.B12.C13.A14.CDF。

托福考试阅读试题及答案2016年托福考试阅读试题及答案The Development of Steam Power【1】By the eighteenth century, Britain wasexperiencing a severe shortage of energy. Because ofthe growth of population, most of the great forests of medieval Britain had long ago beenreplaced by fields of grain and hay. Wood was in ever-shorter supply, yet it remainedtremendously important. It served as the primary source of heat for all homes and industriesand as a basic raw material. Processed wood (charcoal) was the fuel that was mixed with ironore in the blast furnace to produce pig iron (raw iron). The iron industry’s appetite for woodwas enormous, and by 1740 the British iron industry was stagnating. Vast forests enabledRus sia to become the world’s leading producer of iron, much of which was exported to Britain. But Russia’s potential for growth was limited too, and in a few decades Russia would reach thebarrier of inadequate energy that was already holding England back.【2】As this early energy crisis grew worse, Britain looked toward its abundant and widelyscattered reserves of coal as an alternative to its vanishing wood. Coal was first used in Britainin the late Middle Ages as a source of heat. By 1640 most homes in London were heated withit, and it also provided heat for making beer, glass, soap, and other products. Coal was notused, however, to produce mechanical energy or to power machinery. It was there thatcoal’s potential wad enormous.【3】As more coal was produced, mines were dug deeper and deeper and were constantlyfilling with water. Mechanical pumps, usually powered by hundreds of horses waling in circlesatthe surface, had to be installed Such power was expensive and bothersome. In an attempt toovercome these disadvantages, Thomas Savery in 1698 and Thomas Newcomen in 1705 invented the first primitive steam engines. Both engines were extremely inefficient. Bothburned coal to produce steam, which was then used to operate a pump. However, by theearly 1770s, many of the Savery engines and hundreds of the Newcomen engines wereoperating successfully, though inefficiently, in English and Scottish mines.【4】In the early 1760s, a gifted young Scot named James Watt was drawn to a critical studyof the steam engine. Watt was employed at the time by the University of Glasgow as a skilledcrafts worker making scientific instruments. In 1763: Watt was called on to repair a Newcomenengine being used in a physics course. After a series of observations, Watt saw that theNewcomen’s wast e of energy could be reduced by adding a separate condenser. This splendidinvention, patented in 1769, greatly increased the efficiency of the steam engine. The steamengine of Watt and his followers was the technological advance that gave people, at least for awhile, unlimited power and allowed the invention and use of all kinds of power equipment.【5】The steam engine was quickly put to use in several industries in Britain. It drained minesand made possible the production of ever more coal to feed steam engines elsewhere. Thesteam power plant began to replace waterpower in the cotton-spinning mills as well as otherindustries during the 1780s, contributing to a phenomenal rise in industrialization. TheBritish iron industry was radically transformed. The use of powerful, steam-driven bellows inblast furnaces helped iron makers switchover rapidly from limited charcoal to unlimited coke(which is made from coal) in the smelting of pig iron (the process of refining impure iron) after1770 in the 1780s, Henry Cort developed the puddling furnace, which allowed pig iron to berefined in turn with coke. Cort also developed heavy-duty, steam-powered rolling mills, whichwere capable of producing finished iron in every shape and form.【6】The economic consequence of these technical innovations in steam power was a greatboom in the British iron industry. In 1740 annual British iron production was only 17:000 tons, but by 1844: with the spread of coke smelting and the impact of Cort’s inventions, it hadincreased to 3,000:000 to ns. This was a truly amazing expansion. Once scarce and expensive, iron became cheap, basic, and indispensable to the economy.试题1.What can be inferred from paragraph 1 aboutBritain's short supply of wood in the eighteenthcentury?A.Wood from Britain’s gr eat forests was beingexported to other countries for profit.B.A growing population had required cutting down forests to increase available land forfarming.rger families required the construction of larger homes made from wood.D.What was left of the great forests after the medieval period was being strictly protected.2.Select TWO answer choices that, according to paragraph 1, are true statementsabout Russia’s iron industry in the eighteenth century. To obtain credit, you mustselect TWO answer choices.A.Russia reached its maximum production of iron at the sametime as Britain.B.Russia exported much of its iron production to Britain.C.Russia’s appetite for iron increased rapidly after 1740.D.Russia’s energy resourceseventually became insufficient and limited the growth of its iron industry.3.The word "abundant" in the passage is closest in meaning toA.reliableB.plentifulC.well-preservedD.existing4.Why are "beer, glass, soap, and other products" mentioned in the discussion ofBritain’s energy?A.To help explain why the energy crisis was so severeB.To show that despite the energy crisis and as early as 1640, London homes were advancedand well suppliedC.To emphasize that after 1640, British homes required energy for more than heatD.To indicate that coal had been used for the production of certain products before theeighteenth century5.According to paragraph 3, all of the following are ways in which the Savery andNewcomen engines were similar EXCEPT:A.Both became relatively inexpensive after the 1770s.B.Both produced steam by burning coal.C.Both were used to operate pumps.D.Both were very inefficient.6.The word "gifted" in the passage is closest in meaning toA.independentB.talentedC.famousD.ambitious7.According to paragraph 4, what was Jam es Watt’s major achievement?A. He was able to apply his understanding of physics to invent a variety of scientificinstruments and tools for skilled crafts workers.B.He taught university physics courses to outstanding students whose observations led tomany patented inventions.C.He improved the efficiency of Newcomen’s engine by preventing energy from being lost.D.He redesigned Newcomen’s engine so that it no longer needed a separate condenser.8.The word "splendid" in the passage is closest in meaning toA.originalB.necessaryC.magnificentD.popular9.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 5 as a development thatgreatly changed the production of iron?A.The use of coke in the smelting of pig ironB.The invention of a furnace that used coke to refine ironC.The discovery of a method for increasing the production of charcoalD.The invention of powerful machinery that could shape, form, and finish iron10.In paragraph 6, why does the author compare British iron production in 1740 withthat of 1844?A.To contrast the amounts of iron needed in Britain in two different centuriesB.To illustrate how easy it was to make money using Cort’s inventionC.To demonstrate the tremendous growth of the iron industry in BritainD.To demonstrate how inexpensive coal had become11.The word "indispensable" in the passage is closest in meaning toA.advantageousB.essentialC.less costlyD.highly stimulating12.According to the passage, which of the following is true about the development ofsteam power?A.The steam e ngine’s basic technology can be traced back to medieval Britain when steam-powered machinery was being tried in farming activities.B.Although Russia and Britain developed steam-power technology simultaneously, Britain wasfirst to try it in a large-scale industry due to a greater need for iron.C.Steam-power technology was largely the result of improvements developed to increase thesupply of coal as a primary source of energy.D.Adaptations to steam engines required for their use in cotton-spinning mills led to radicaldevelopments in machinery used in the iron industry.13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could beadded to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit? Energy had not been aproblem for Britain in the past because it relied on a rich source of energy: its vastforests.By the eighteenth century, Britain was experiencing a severe shortage of energy. ■【A】 Because of the growth of population, most of the great forests of medieval Britain had longago been repl aced by fields of grain and hay. ■【B】Wood was in ever-shorter supply, yet itremained tremendously important. ■【C】It served as the primary source of heat for allhomes and industries and as a basic raw material. ■【D】Processed wood (charcoal) was thefuel that was mixed with iron ore in the blast furnace to produce pig iron (raw iron). The ironindustry’s appetite for wood was enormous, and by 1740 the British iron industry wasstagnating. Vast forests enabled Russia to become the world’s leading producer of iron, much ofwhich was exported to Britain. But Russia’s potential for growth was limited too, and in a fewdecades Russia would reach the barrier of inadequate energy that was already holdingEngland back.14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage of thepassage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answerchoices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some answer choicesdo not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented inthe passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This questions is worth 2 points.By the eighteenth century, Britain was experiencing a severe shortage of energy.A.The development of blast furnaces for the manufacture of pig iron made the Britain lessdependent on wood.B.After the medieval period, both Russia and Britain began to look for alternative sources ofenergy, such as steam power, in order to maintain the growth of their iron industries.C.Two inventors designed the first steam engines in order toovercome the disadvantages ofrelying on horses to power the pumps used in mining coal.D.James Watt was able to improve upon the efficiency of the steam engine and make it usefulto several industries.E.The puddling furnace increased the availability of charcoal to a variety of industries fromcotton to iron production.F.Steam power increased coal production, which in turn allowed extraordinary growth of theiron industry and the British economy.参考答案1.B2.BD3.B4.D5.A6.B7.C8.C9.C 10.C 11.B 12.C 13.A 14.CDF。

【考情详解】2016年托福阅读题型及考题趋势详细解析对于中国学生来说，冲刺托福高分，大家往往都会冲托福阅读入手，而想要拿到托福阅读的高分基础词汇的掌握又是势在必行的。

那么，在2015年的托福考试中，托福阅读有着怎样的一些变化?对于初入托福备考的学生来说，我们又该去了解一些怎样的托福阅读内容呢?下面我们就为大家详细分析一下托福阅读2015的托福阅读考情内容吧。

2016年托福阅读考题概况：对于托福阅读的十大经典题型，相信正在经历托福备考的学生都会知道，我们在这里也就不必多说了。

那么，就简单概况一下托福阅读中各类题型的特点。

首先，词汇类题目。

平时注意单词量的积累，力求达到可以随时随地记忆单词的境界。

其实我们在记忆单词的时候也可以适当地使用一些策略，那就是在我们可以把自己的侧重点放在动词和形容词的记忆上。

考试过后，你就会发现这个策略的事半功倍了。

其次，指代类题目。

这种题目主要是考查我们对于并列关系的掌握，这时，我们应该主动去看这个词所在的那整句话，从已知话中找到处于相同地位的词。

最后，文章细节考查题。

解答文章细节考查题，我们一般都可以回到原文中去做定位，找到相近或相似的内容，进而得出答案。

切记一定不要用个人读出的信息去作推理，这要很容易造成文章解答的误区。

2015年托福阅读考情回顾：回顾2015年整体的托福考情，你会发现2015年整个托福考试里，没有出现以前没有考过的话题。

在这样的趋势下，相信2016年也将很少会有生僻话题的出现。

在之前我们就提到过了托福阅读的十大经典题型，而在2015年的考试中依然稳定的保持着这样的题型，至于网上所说的有新的题型出现，不外乎也就是在考试的时候偶尔出现了不太常见的题型，比如图表题，即fillin the table题型，或者说why does the author mention某个单词，它其实归根到底，也就是修辞目的题。

根据我们总共追踪下来的41场考试，词汇题并没有出现新的生僻的单词，依然延续了之前所考过的词汇题的套路。

快来看！5月22日托福考试全解析虽说2016年5月22日的托福考试，在上周日“功成身退”，可却留给备考生们一个疑问：考了神马?别担心!天道小编第一时间为同学们整理了22日这一天的托福真题，相信一定可以给大家带来帮助!更多托福机经，尽在天道教育!备战托福考试，怎么可以离开托福机经。

因此，天道小编就为同学们准备了以下托福真题，赶紧来看!阅读第一篇Insect Wings由翅膀化石推断翅膀的起源。

给出了3个理论，第一个理论中提出了翅膀的作用，后面就对这个理论进行反驳，说原始翅膀protowings需要和身体以某种方式连接hinged，而且需要有肌肉控制翅膀的拍动，然后提出了第二个理论，利用化学传感器chemical-sensing organs不在背上，在Leg上来支持第二个理论。

后面又提出了第三个理论，说原始的翅膀来自于水中的一种昆虫的腮，通过翅膀产生推动力浮在水面上，当肌肉越来越强大，滑的越来越快。

后面说上面提到的理论还有争议，但是翅膀的作用就是船舶或者逃避捕食者。

第二篇Debate about the Earliest Calendas考古学家发现了一些标记，认为是用来记录月相的符号，因为他们的排列是有规律的，且考古学家认为这个规律是与月亮的阴晴圆缺相吻合的。

后面讲了这种日历的用途，用来推算一些事情的周期，找到事物之间的联系，最终导致了写作的出现。

其中还说了推算如怀孕和洪水的时间。

所以人们发现我们的祖先具有推算日子的能力，是一件很有趣的事。

但是也有人质疑，因为这些祖先了解所有打猎、采集的周期时间，不需要记录。

后面继续对这个观点进行批判，说那些标记的模式无序，可能是一些尖锐的工具留下来，这种情况在其他文明中经常出现。

第三篇Confectioners and Penny Candies in the United States糖是用来保鲜水果的，只有富人才会用，后来随着技术的发展，糖变多，中产阶级和工人也可以买。

托福考试频道为⼤家推出【2017年托福考试课程！】考⽣可点击以下⼊⼝进⼊免费试听页⾯！⾜不出户就可以边听课边学习，为⼤家的梦想助⼒!2017年4⽉15⽇新托福阅读题⽬解析 A卷 Debate about the earliest calendars 重复2016.05.22 Historical Trends in European Urban Design 重复2015.04.18 Bird Colonies 重复2014.04.19 Nitrogen in Crops 新题，加试⽂章 B卷 Why Did Nonavian Dinosaurs Became Extinct? 重复2016.07.10 Climate of the Past 重复2016.07.09 Gondwana 重复2015.06.13 C卷 The Qualities of a Good Trout Stream 重复2016.12.03 Historical Trends in European Urban Design 重复2015.04.18 Flightless Bird 重复2014.12.21 D卷 Cerebral Lateralization 重复2016.07.02 Historical Trends in European Urban Design 重复2015.04.18 Did Sauropods live in Swamps? 重复2015.09.17加场 ETS连续多次在每场考试中设置加试，并增加每场的⽂章篇数，旨在测⼤家的基本功和⼼⾥素质!!还好，⽂章难度并不⼤，皆为之前考过的⽂章和TPO中出现的相关话题,切记不要慌张! 新托福阅读考情回忆版本⼀： Passage1: nitrogen。

氮对于植物的重要性，氮可以由打雷和被微⽣物分解⽽合成，种了庄稼后氮会变少，氮有⼈为的添加⽅式，⽐如种⾖类植物，氮肥，氮的新应⽤导致英国⼯业⾰命对⽐⾮洲不断的换耕地 Passage2: early calendar。

10月22日托福阅读写作真题回忆及答案解析托福考试的真题资料一般都是考生们比较关注的，因为可以从中总结出考试出题趋势，分析考试出题重难点等等，对大家以后考试也会有一定帮助的。

下面是小编提供的10月22日托福阅读写作真题回忆及答案解析。

2016年10月22日托福阅读真题回顾资料2016年10月22日托福阅读第一篇最早Pleistocene Climate 石器时代冰川移动。

Pleistocene开始于1.6million years ago的北极，先说用陆地上的植物痕迹之类的看冰川的移动和撤回，区分冰期和间冰期，又提到用海洋里的贝壳中含有的O18和O16的比例来判断，因为这两种氧元素的重量不一样所以温暖时期蒸发的量不同因此存留的量也不同。

2016年10月22日托福阅读第二篇讲述Pyramid at Saqqara, 埃及金字塔。

Pyramid at Saqqara是埃及第二世皇帝建造的，后来第四世也建了金字塔，然后讲到了胡夫金字塔，它是现存最大的最具美学价值的金字塔。

具体建筑结构还没完全研究出来，但其耗材之多、历时之长体现了当时埃及君主的政治权利和举国体制。

推测是尼罗河泛滥的时候建成，因为那个时候劳动力比较充裕。

金字塔也体现了皇权的至高无上，最中间是皇帝的陵寝，周围是他的官员们，最后又讲金字塔的角度为什么是52度，一种猜测是力学上的原因，另一种是宗教里认为这样能让君主上天堂。

2016年10月22日托福阅读第三篇Beekeeping，亚洲地区养蜂业。

有A.c和A.m两种蜜蜂，c是本地的，m是外来的。

跟m相比，c的前期启动费用和后期维护费用低且不容易受另一种东西的影响，生命力较强，但是不太赚钱，而且繁殖条件比较苛刻，蜂房稍微有点儿不好就飞走了。

另外，后者的捕食区域更广而且繁殖力更强，所以有人担心外来物种入侵影响生态平衡，但实际上完全没有。

2016年10月22日托福阅读真题答案及解析2016年10月22日托福阅读词汇题：deterioration = worsen conditionend = purposesimultaneously = at the same timetrigger = startvocation = occupationjustification = good reasonconversely =in contrastuniformally = consistentlyconstrained = forcedinnumerable = countless2016年10月22日托福阅读第一篇题材划分：地质环境类主要内容：最早Pleistocene Climate 石器时代冰川移动。

2016托福答案【篇一：2016年9月11日托福真题回忆及答案解析】p class=txt>下载更多机经请点击：2016托福机经下载（pdf版本)（这里涵盖了2013-2016的所有托福机经！我们的机经一般于考后的一到两天内更新，关注机经的同学，可长期关注我们哦！）托福tpo听力大全：http：///toefl/tpotingli/(更新到1-48）对于很多刷过tpo的考生来说，新航道口语真经4是非常好的巩固资料，想要下载的同学，请点击：新托福听力真经4下载【篇二：2016年托福考试内容有哪些】txt>小新为大家带来托福考试内容详解，考试内容分为四大项：听力、口语、阅读和写作，整场考试约需 4.5 小时，在同一天内完成。

尽管每一大项侧重一种语言技能，但是一些试题需要考生将多种技能相结合，例如：听录音或阅读、听录音，然后口头回答问题;阅读、听录音，然后写出问题答案。

托福考试使用英语语言标准打字键盘(qwerty)，如有必要，考生可以在考试前使用qwerty键盘进行打字练习。

考试简介toefl(test of english as a foreign language)是为申请到美国或加拿大等国家上大学/研究生的非英语国家的学生提供的一种英语水平考试。

考试内容/结构托福考试使用英语语言命题，考试内容分为四大项：听力、口语、阅读和写作，整场考试约需 4.5 小时，在同一天内完成。

尽管每一大项侧重一种语言技能，但是一些试题需要考生将多种技能相结合，例如：听录音或阅读、听录音，然后口头回答问题;阅读、听录音，然后写出问题答案。

托福ibt考试使用英语语言标准打字键盘(qwerty)，如有必要，考生可以在考试前使用qwerty键盘进行打字练习。

考试过程中考生可做笔记。

托福考试总分为120分，每部分30分。

考生参加的考试可能会在阅读或听力项目设有额外的问题，这些问题不计入成绩。

这些额外的问题抑或是使ets能够让考试成绩在考试施行的范围内具有可比性的问题，抑或是有助于ets确定这些问题如何在真实的考试环境下发挥作用的新问题。