大学英语四级翻译练习
第一篇农业
中国是一个农业大国，也是世界农业起源地之一。水稻rice和小麦wheat等农作物都原产自originate from/derive from中国。新中国成立后，政府十分重视农业生产，不断加大农业投入investment.input，加速了农业生产的现代化进程boost/strengthen/improve the process of agricultural modernization。因此，中国农业取得了辉煌的成就。中国各种农产品的产量增长很快，谷物、棉花cotton、花生(Peanut)的总产量均居世界首位rank the first in the world。依靠占世界不足10%的耕地(cultivatable land)，中国养活了世界1/5以上的人口。
1.第2句为无被动标识词的被动句，翻译时要用被动语态，可译作
Crops such as rice and wheat were first produced in China。
2.第3句中的动作“十分重视”、“不断加大”是“新中国成立后”持续发生的动作，故该句
用现在完成进行时态。仔细分析发现，“十分重视……，不断加大……”为两个并列的动作作谓语，而“加速了……”则表结果，可处理为结果状语，故本句译为 the government has been paying close attention to... and increasing... to speed up…。
3.第4句中的“中国农业取得了辉煌的成就”可理解为“中国在农业方面取得了成就”，故
可译为China has made great achievements 、progress in agriculture。该句也可用“辉煌的成就”作主语，用被动语态表达，译作great achievements have been made in China's agriculture。
4.翻译最后一句“依靠……，中国……”时，可将后半句处理成主句，前半句为状语，
用介词短语With less than ten parent of the world's cultivatable land来表达，使句子主次分明、结构简洁紧凑。
参考答案：
China is a big agricultural country and also one of the world's agricultural origins. Crops such as rice and wheat were first produced in China. After the founding of New China, the
government has been paying close attention to agriculture and increasing investment to
speed up the modernization of agricultural production. Therefore, China has made great
achievements in agriculture. The outputs of various agricultural products grow at a
fast rate and the total output of grains, cotton and peanuts tops /rank the first in the world. With less than ten percent of the world's cultivatable land, China manages to feed over one-fifth of the world's population.
第二篇龙的形象
中国人一直以自己是龙的传人(descendent)为豪。这种情感在中国文化和社会的各个方面都有所体现。从远古时代起，龙就被看作是具有庇佑能力并能影响人们生活的动物。古代的皇帝被看作是“真龙天子”，象征着尊严和权力。在民间流传着许多关于龙的传说和故事。还有各种与龙相关的民俗活动，其中最受欢迎的就是赛龙舟(Dragon Boat Race)。
1.第3句中的定语“具有庇佑能力并能影响人们生活的”较长，可将其处理成后置定语，用介词短语来表达；“具有......能力并能......”可合译成 a power to...and...；“动物”译为creature(生物、创造物）比animal更确切，因为“龙”并不是真正存在。
2.第4句中“象征着尊严和权利”是对“真龙天子”的补充说明，可将其处理成同位语，译为
a symbol of dignity and power。
3.倒数第2句为无主语句，省略了主语“人们”，该主语不需要被强调说明，故此句可译为被动句式，即Many legends and stories... are spread...。“关于龙的”可处理成后置定语，用介词短语about dragon表达。“在民间”为状语，可译作among the people，置于句末。
4.最后一句中的“其中”一词表示赛龙舟属于前面提到的folk activities，故“其中……赛龙舟”可处理成非限制性定语从句，用 among which 来引导，译
为 among which the most welcomed one is...。
参考答案：
Chinese people have been proud of being the descendents of the dragon. This emotion is reflected in every aspect of Chinese culture and society. From primitive times, the dragon has been regarded as a creature with the power to protect and influence people's lives. The emperors in ancient times were regarded as the real dragon from the heaven, a symbol of
dignity and power. Many legends and stories about dragon are spread among the people.
There are also various folk activities related to dragon, among which the most welcomed one is Dragon Boat Race.
第三篇空气质量
7月底，中国环境保护部(China's Environment Protection Ministry)发布了今年上半年空气质量状况报告。报告称，除了拉萨(Lhasa)、海口、舟山和惠州四个城市，我国其他主要大城市的空气质量均未达标。造成这一结果的原因有很多，其中包括不断增长的机动车数量和工业品产量。空气污染状况的不断恶化严重威胁公众的健康。一位官员表示，一份旨在控制空气污染的方案将在年内公布。
1.第1句中的定语“今年上半年空气质量状况”较长，故将其处理成后置定语，用介词短语on air quality in the first half of this year来表达，汉语中表示范畴的“状况”一词按英文表达习惯可以省译。
2.第2句中的“我国其他主要大城市的空气质量均未达标”如果逐字对译则语句生硬，表达效果平平。翻译时，宜采用“否定前移”的方法，对主语“我国其他大城市”进行否定，谓语则变为肯定，译为no other major city...is up to...。
3.第3句“造成这一结果的原因有很多，其中包括……”可直译为many reasons lead to the consequence, including...，但为了突出原文中的两个原因，可将原因置于句首，译作growing motor vehicles...area among...factors contributing to the consequence。
4.最后—句中的定语“旨在控制空气污染的”表目的，故用不定式短语to contro1 air Pollution 来表达。
参考答案：
At the end of July, China's Environment Protection Ministry released/posted/announced a report on air quality in the first half of this year. the latter/second half of the year According to the report, except four cities, namely Lhasa, Haikou,
Zhoushan and Huizhou, no other major city in the country is up to the standard of air quality. Growing motor vehicles and industrial output/products are among a variety of factors contributing to this consequence. Worsening air pollution composes a serious threat to the health of the public. An official said a scheme/plan to control air pollution would be published within the year. 由于中国北方重度雾霾(heavy smog)持续不散，公众越发关注空气污染问题。一些网民(netizen)甚至对污染的程度表达了愤怒情绪。治理空气污染迫在眉睫。中国多个城市实行汽车限购，希望此举一方面能缓解交通拥堵，一方面能控制空气污染。中国政府准备推出一个长期计划来控制导致严重污染的行业。政府也将额外支出60亿元人民币来改善北方地区的空气质量。
1.在第1句中，“公众”表达为the public，做主语时，谓语动词用单、复数都可以；作为一个整体，谓语动词用单数；强调每一个具体成员，谓讲动词用复数。“由于中国北方……”表原因，故处理成愿意状语从句，译作Since due to the lasting/lingering heavy smog stays continually in northern China, 地点状语“中国北方”置于句末。
2.第8句中的“……迫在眉睫”套用句it is extremely urgent to do...来表达。主语“治理空气污染”用不定式来表达目的，译作to control air pollution。
3.第4句中的“希望此举一方面能……，一方面能……”处理为主句“中国多个城市已经限制购车”(Many Chinese cities have imposed limits on car
purchases)的伴随动作，用现在分词短语 hoping to ease... and meanwhile control...来表达，使
