2014年N1护士三基考试试题及答案2014年度N1护士理论试题
(12月份)
工号: 科室: 姓名: 得分: 一、判断题(每题2分，共20分)
1、长期输入生理盐水可引起高钾血症。( )
2、炎症的基本病理变化为局部组织的变性、渗出和增生，可出现红、肿、热、痛和功能障碍。( )
3、被动体位是患者由于疾病的影响，为减轻痛苦而被迫采取的某种姿势。( )
4、传染病房的隔离衣、口罩、帽子应每天更换1次。( )
5、平静呼吸时，每分钟进入肺泡参与气体交换的气体量称为每分钟肺通气量。( )
6、口服葡萄糖耐量试验的方法是:空腹抽血1次，口服葡萄糖75G后分别在30分钟、60分钟、120分钟、
180分钟时各抽血1次测血糖及胰岛素。( )
7、心绞痛是主动脉供血不足，心肌暂时缺血缺氧所引起的临床症候群。( )
8、瞳孔呈垂直椭圆形散大是急性闭角性青光眼的临床特点之一。( )
9、为了增加心输出量，心脏按压时间应略长于放松时间。( )
10、孕妇血液中存在IgG血型抗体即有可能引起新生儿溶血病。( )
二、填空题(每空1分，共10分)
1、护士抽取病人配血标本时，应人一起到病人床边进行核对。
2、病区护士在接收到“危急值”报告后，必须认真记录并回读确认相关信息，并在分钟内通知值班医生处理，危急值登记本保存时间年。
3、护士接到危重患者的转入、转出医嘱，应准确执行，首先做好接收准备。
4、新版心肺复苏指南要求的胸外心脏按压的部位是:
5、新版心肺复苏指南要求按压频率是至少次，按压深度是至少厘米，按压和通气比是，任何原因中断按压的时间不能超过秒;进行现场心肺复苏时，施救人员检查脉搏的时间不应超过秒。
三、单选题(每题2分，共40分)
1、为了预防高血压的发生，WHO建议每人每天食盐摄入量不超过( )
A、12g
B、10g
C、8g
D、6g
E、4g
2、体温每升高1?，心率平均每分钟约增加( )
A、5次
B、10次
C、18次
D、20次
E、25次
3、一般情况下，主要影响收缩压高低的是( )
A、每搏量
B、心率
C、外周阻力
D、大动脉弹性
E、循环血量/血管容量比例、关于食管的狭窄，下列哪项是正确的( ) 4
A、第一狭窄部相当于第7颈椎的下缘
B、第二狭窄部距中切牙20cm
C、第二狭窄部相当于胸骨角平面
D、第三狭窄部相当于第11胸椎平面
E、第三狭窄部距中切牙45cm
5、烧伤休克补液治疗，第1个8小时输入24小时补液计划总量的( )
A、1/4
B、1/3
C、1/2
D、2/3
E、2/5
6、最常见的咯血原因是( )
A、支气管扩张
B、慢性支气管炎
C、肺结核
D、支气管肺癌
E、风温性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄 7、鉴别糖尿病酮症酸中毒和高渗性非酮症糖尿病昏迷的主要症状为( )
A、神志改变
B、多饮多尿症状明显
C、局限性抽搐
D、血压偏低
E、食欲减退 8、50岁妇女普查时发现子宫增大如6周妊娠大小，B超检查确诊为子宫肌瘤，
最好的处理方案是( ) A、子宫全切 B、子宫颈全切 C、定期复查 D、雌激素治疗E、孕激素治疗 Pile bored pile can be used, and artificial digging pile, prefabricated reinforced concrete sheet piles or sheet pile, and so on. When excavation depth is large, you can set multi channel support, to reduce stress, rush drilling through rock, the old base. In retaining
pile water jet Grouting curtain between effects, but because of the
depth of excavation within the great wall could not anchor or support, bolt can not construction, bolt, North and South would not be
symmetrical on both sides use piles, in setting up a support without the appropriate support methods. 2.1.4 channel steel sheet pile which is a simple steel sheet pile retaining wall pros and cons by channel steel buckle lap or side-by-side components. Channel 6 ~ 10 m long, model determined by calculation. Features: steel with good durability, pit construction channel can be pulled out after the completion of backfill soil recycling to use again; Convenient, short; Impervious to water and small particles in the soil, in areas with high water or rain-proof measures are needed; Bending strength is weak, and more for the depth of shallow Foundation pit is less than 4m, or Groove, support or pulled together should be installed at the top anchor; Supporting stiffness of small deformation after excavation. 2.1.5 bored pile retaining wall on bored pile is the up-pile has been widely used in China. Its more for
the excavation of the pit 7 ~ 10m, in good soil in the North area of China has 8 ~ 9m arm pile retaining wall. Drilling perfusion pile
support nursing wall body of features has: construction Shi no vibration,
and no noise, environment pollution-, no squeeze soil phenomenon, on around environment effect small; wall body strength high, stiffness big, support nursing stability good,
9、急性肾小球肾炎最常见的临床表现为( )
A、少尿、水肿
B、少尿、高血压
C、血尿、水肿、高血压
D、血尿、水肿、
高血压、肾功能衰竭 E、水肿、高血压
10、法洛四联症常见并发症为( )
A、心力衰竭
B、脑血栓
C、肺水肿
D、脑膜炎
E、肺炎 11、石膏固定的病人血液循环障碍最早出现的症状是( )
A、感觉异常
B、疼痛
C、苍白
D、体温下降
E、发绀 12、2010心肺复苏的复苏步骤为( )
A、A B C
B、 C A B D、B A C D、C B A 13、上班时在医院里病人突发倒
地，呼之不应，原因不详，那么现场目击的医护人员应立即( ) A 判断如无意识、立即呼救、触摸颈动脉如无搏动，则予以CPR B 立即呼叫并等待医院急诊科120
来人抢救C单纯使用肾上腺素1mg皮下注射 D 只是给予吸氧并等待; 14、护士协助病人在病房时口服青霉素类药品时突然出现皮肤潮红、瘙痒、胸闷、气急、心悸、出汗、面色
苍白、血压迅速下降乃至不能扪及到颈动脉搏动，则应( )
A 、用氧枕给予氧气吸入10分钟，然后观察
B 、立即停药，就地抢救，立即皮下注射肾上腺素1毫克
C 、严密观察，等待病人自行缓解 D、即呼叫并等待急诊科120来人; 15、某同事在上班操作机器设备时，旁边工友见该同事被电击并倒地，现场第一目击人见其面色苍白、呼之不
应，则应( )
A、断电，判断无意识后，应就地抢救，遵医嘱皮下注射肾上腺素1毫克
C、断电，立即呼叫并等待急诊科来人 B、断电，判断如无颈动脉搏动，则
予以CPR
D、断电，通知120医师来处理该病人;
16、心肺复苏的药物治疗，首选给药途径为( )
A(心内注射 B(气管内给药 C(静脉给药 D(肌肉注射 E(皮下注射 17、诊断心
跳骤停迅速可靠的指标是( )
A.大动脉搏动消失
B.呼吸停止
C.瞳孔散大
D.血压测不到
E.脉搏不清 18、
心跳骤停紧急处理原则中，下列哪项是错误的( )
A.迅速开始人工呼吸
B.待心电图确诊后开始胸外按压
C.立即开放静脉输液通道
D.立即开始胸外按压
E.准备好电击除颤 19.临产后
最主要的产力是: ( ) A.子宫收缩力 B. 腹肌、膈肌收缩力 C.子宫韧带收缩力 D. 肛提肌收缩力 20.小儿高热惊厥的紧急处理，错误的是: ( ) A.惊厥发作时立即搬至抢救室 B.及时清除口鼻分泌物，保持呼吸道通畅 C.密切观察生命体征、瞳孔及神志变化 D.专人守护，防止坠床和碰伤
四、简答题
1、服药、注射、输液查对制度,(10分)
2、危重病人的抢救制度,(10分)
ompletion of backfill soil recycling to use again; Convenient, short; Impervious to water and small particles in the soil, inmodel determined by calculation. Features: steel with good durability, pit construction channel can be pulled out after the c side components. Channel 6 ~ 10 m long,-by-imple steel sheet pile retaining wall pros and cons by channel steel buckle lap or sidesides use piles, in setting up a support without the appropriate support methods. 2.1.4 channel steel sheet pile which is
a s n bothithin the great wall could not anchor or support, bolt can not construction, bolt, North and South would not be symmetrical ogh rock, the old base. In retaining pile water jet Grouting curtain between effects, but because of the depth of excavation won. When excavation depth is large, you can set multi channel support, to reduce stress, rush drilling throu Pile bored pile can be used, and artificial digging pile, prefabricated reinforced concrete sheet piles or sheet pile, and so2,bility good, no squeeze soil phenomenon, on around environment
effect small; wall body strength high, stiffness big, support nursing sta-sion pile support nursing wall body of features has: construction Shi no vibration, and no noise, environment pollutionas 8 ~ 9m arm pile retaining wall. Drilling perfupile has been widely used in China. Its more for the excavation of the pit 7 ~ 10m, in good soil in the North area of China h-rmation after excavation. 2.1.5 bored pile retaining wall on bored pile is the upove, support or pulled together should be installed at the top anchor; Supporting stiffness of small defoproof measures are needed; Bending strength is weak, and more for the depth of shallow Foundation pit is less than 4m, or Gro-s with high water or rainarea
3、患者跌倒、坠床风险评估与报告制度,(10分)
2014年(N1)护士理论试题答案
3bility good,, no squeeze soil phenomenon, on around environment effect small; wall body strength high, stiffness big, support nursing sta-support nursing wall body of features has: construction Shi no
vibration, and no noise, environment pollution as 8 ~ 9m arm pile retaining wall. Drilling perfusion pilepile has been widely used in China. Its more for the excavation of the pit 7 ~ 10m, in good soil in the North area of China hn of backfill soil recycling to use again; Convenient, short; Impervious to water and small particles in the soil, in areas w-fter excavation. 2.1.5 bored pile retaining wall on bored
pile is the upove, support or pulled together should be installed at the top anchor; Supporting stiffness of small deformation aproof measures are needed; Bending strength is weak, and more for the depth of shallow Foundation pit is less than 4m, or Gro-gh water or rainith hitermined by calculation. Features: steel with good durability, pit construction channel can be pulled out after the completioside components. Channel 6 ~ 10 m long, model de-by-eel sheet pile retaining wall pros and cons by channel steel buckle lap or sidee piles, in setting up a support without the appropriate support methods. 2.1.4 channel steel sheet pile which is a simple stes usgreat wall could not anchor or support, bolt can not construction, bolt, North and South would not be symmetrical on both sid the old base. In retaining pile water jet Grouting curtain between effects, but because of the depth of excavation within theon. When excavation depth is large, you can set multi channel support, to reduce stress, rush drilling through rock, Pile bored pile can be used, and artificial digging pile, prefabricated reinforced concrete sheet piles or sheet pile, and so
一、判断题 (每题1分，共20分)
1、(× )
2、(× )
3、(× )
4、(? )
5、( ×)
6、(? )
7、(× )
8、(? )
9、(? )10、(? )11、(× )
二、单选题 (每题1分，共20分)
1、( D )
2、(C )
3、( A )
4、( B )
5、(C )
6、( C )
7、( C )
8、( C )
9、(C )10、( B )
11、(B )12、(B)13、(A)14、(B)15、(B)
16、(C)17、(A)18、(B)
三、填空题
1、两人，一人一单一管。
2、2年
3、电话通知接收科室
4、两乳头连线中点胸骨上
5、100、5、30:2
6、10
7、10
三、问答题:
答:1、服药、注射、输液时严格进行三查八对一注意。
三查:操作前查、操作中查、操作后查。
八对:对床号、姓名、药名、剂量、浓度、时间、用法、有效期。
一注意:注意用药后的反应
1、备药前检查药品的质量，有无变质，瓶身有无裂缝，有效期及批号，如不符合或标签不清
不得使用。
2、摆药后必须经第二人核对无误后方可执行。
3、易致过敏的药物，使用前应询问病人有无药物过敏史，使用毒、麻、限制药时要反复核对，
用后保留安瓿。
4、同时使用多种药物时应注意药物的配伍禁忌。
5、发药或注射时，如病人提出疑问，应及时与医嘱核对，核实正确后向病人解释方可执行，
必要时与医师联系。
10分) (
二、危重病人抢救制度
答:1、发现病人病情变化时，护理人员应立即实施必要的救治，同时通知医师，并配合抢救。 2、参加抢救的护理人员分工协作，迅速、正确执行抢救医嘱和操作规程。 3、执行口头医嘱时应复诵一遍，确认无误后方可执行;执行后及时记录执行时间、药品剂量、给药方法;抢救结束后由医师及时补写医嘱于医嘱单及病历上;抢救时所用药品的空药瓶经两人核对后方可弃去。
4、严密观察病情变化，及进报告医师并准确记录。
5、全面评估病人，根据病人存在的护理问题，落实各项护理措施，并及时做好记录。
6、严格执行交接班制度，每班之间详细交接病情、抢救经过、各种用药及护理问题与措施。
7、各种抢救物品、药品、器械用后及时清理、补充、消毒，物归原位，处于备用状态。
三答:坠床、跌倒评估制度,
1、所有住院病人均需进行跌倒、坠床风险评估并做好记录。
2、评估步骤:首次评估在入院2小时内，每周至少评估一次，病情变化及用药变化时及时评估。
3、高危病人(容易发生)时，应采取防范措施。
4、出现跌倒、坠床时启动应急预案，纳入交接班内容，并按不良事件流程上报。
ompletion of backfill soil recycling to use again; Convenient, short; Impervious to water and small particles in the soil, inmodel determined by calculation. Features: steel with good durability, pit construction channel can be pulled out after the c side components. Channel 6 ~ 10 m long,-by-imple steel sheet pile retaining wall pros and cons by channel steel buckle lap or sidesides use piles, in setting up a support without the appropriate support methods. 2.1.4 channel steel sheet pile which is a s n bothithin the great wall could not anchor or support, bolt can not construction, bolt, North and South would not be symmetrical ogh rock, the old base. In retaining pile water jet Grouting curtain between effects, but because of the depth of excavation won. When excavation depth is large, you can set multi channel support, to reduce stress,
rush drilling throu Pile bored pile can be used, and artificial digging pile, prefabricated reinforced concrete sheet piles or sheet pile, and
so4,bility good, no squeeze soil phenomenon, on around environment
effect small; wall body strength high, stiffness big, support nursing
sta-sion pile support nursing wall body of features has: construction
Shi no vibration, and no noise, environment pollutionas 8 ~ 9m arm pile retaining wall. Drilling perfupile has been widely used in China. Its more for the excavation of the pit 7 ~ 10m, in good soil in the North area of China h-rmation after excavation. 2.1.5 bored pile retaining
wall on bored pile is the upove, support or pulled together should be
installed at the top anchor; Supporting stiffness of small defoproof measures are needed; Bending strength is weak, and more for the depth of shallow Foundation pit is less than 4m, or Gro-s with high water or rainarea