表示地点的介词 in 、on 、behind 、next to 、near 、over 、under
第一组：over, above 和on 的用法
1) over 指在…的正上方，表示垂直在上。如 ：There is a lamp over the desk.
2) above 指在上方，属于斜上方。如：
Raise your arms above your head. 3) on 指在上面，表示两物体接触。如：
There is a cup on the table.
第二组：un der / below
的用法：
1) under 在 ..... 下面 / 正下方： What's under your desk? 2) below 在 ..... 斜下方： Her skirt came below her kn ees.
练
习
：
(
) 1
The boat is
pass ing the
bridge.
A.
through
B. below C un der D. across (
) 2 Two pla nes are flyi ng
the city.
A. through
B. over
,
C. on
,
D,
below (
)
3 We can see a river running
to the east the hill.
A.
un der B.
below
C.
over
D.
on
(
)
4 Do you see
the kite
the
buildi ng?
A. over
B. cross
C .on
D. above
第三组：in
禾廿on 表示在 ...... ?上”
1) 门一类一 —镶嵌在墙里的，用 in; 字画一类 挂在墙面一 上的，用 on
()1 He put up a map ____ the back wall because there was a hole ___ it. A. on; on B. at; in C. on; in D. on; at
()2 There is a door ___ the wall. A. on B. to C. of D.in
()3 Any man ____ eyes _____ his head can see that he's exactly like a rope.
A. with; on
B. with; in
C. on; with
D. in; with
⑶ under
在… …下面 / 正下方： What's under your desk? 你书桌底卜是什么？ (4) over
在??…
?正上方： There is a shelf over the table. 桌子上方有一个书架。
(5) above 在… ?…斜上方 Raise your arms above your head. ⑹ below 在… ?…斜下方 Her skirt came below her kn ees.
⑺ beh ind 在… ……之后：
There is a bike beh ind the tree. 树后有一 辆自行车。
(8) n ext to
在 ……旁边:
There is a caf e next to the barber's.
理发店隔壁是一
咖啡馆。
在
??… ?附近：
(9) n ear My bed is near the win dow.
我的丿木在窗尸旁。 (10) by 在……
旁： He was sitt ing by the window .
(1) in 在 ........ 里面： The pencil is in the desk. 铅笔在课桌里。
(2) on 在 ....... 上面： There are some apple on the tree.
树上有些苹果。
2)鸟一类落在树上的，用 in;苹果一类长在树上的，用 on ()1 There are some birds singing ___ the trees. A. in B. on C. at D. from ()2 There are so many apples ___that tree. A. in B, on
C. at
D. from
()1 The Un ited States is _____
t
he south of Can ada and __ the east of Japa n.
A. to; in
B. on; to
C. in; beside
D. at; o n (
) 2 The man stood the win dow, watch ing the boys playing outside.
A. in
B. by C .with D. to
(
) 3 Japa n lies the east of Chi na.
A. on
B. to C .in D. with
第五组：
at, in
表示“在……”
1) at 表示较小的地点。如：
at the bus stop, at home
2) in 表示较大的地点。如： in Chi na, i n the world
()1 Uncle Wang arrived _____ N o. 14 Middle School half an hour ago.
A. at
B. in C to D. /
()2 My un cle lives _____ 88 Beiji ng Street.
A. to
B. of
C. at
D. on
()3 They are wait ing ___ a bus ____ the bus stop.
A. for; in
B. on; at
C. with; at
D. for; at 第六组：in front of 禾口 in the front of 1) in front of 表示“在…之前”(范围外)。 There are some trees in front of the classroom. 2) in the fro nt of
表示“在…的前部”
(范围内)
There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom.
第七组：in / i nto
in 表示“在……里面”，强调静态； into 表示“去……里面”，强调动态。 第八组：through / across 通过，穿过 across 表示横过，即从物体表面通过，与 on 有关，为二维 through 穿过，即从物体内部穿过，与 in 有关，为三维。 (
)1 Is the
street
too n arrow
for
the bus to go
?
A.
through B. across
C. on
D. in
(
)2 A mother
camel was walk ing
her son
the desert.
A. without;
alo ng
B.
with;
through
C.
n ext
to; pass D.
beside;
through (
)
3
The
river
runs
the
city.
表示“接壤”
第四组：in /o n/ to
和B 相邻（接壤）一用on 和B 不相邻（不接壤）一用to
A. across
B. through
C. over
D. from (
)
4 It
took
us
over an hour to
walk
this
street.
A. from
B.
through
C. over
D. across
练
习
:
1 Tom sits the classroom while Joh n sits the room.
A. in front of; at back of
B. i n the front of;
at the back of
C . in front of; at the back of D. in the front of; at back of 2 Lucy sits the third row, Jim c
s left. A.
on; on B. in; at C.
at;
in
D. in; on
3 , Jian gsu is the east of Chi na, but
Japan is the east of Chi na.
A. to; in
B. i n; to .
C. on; to
D. to; o n
4 Don 't read the sun. It ' s bad your eyes. A. in; to B. un der; for C. with; to D. in; on
5 The woma n a blue dress
is
my teacher.
A. in
B. on
C. of
D. at
6 research the uni verse scie ntists have put a lot of in formatio n puters.
A. With; over; at
B. On; at; to
C. In; about; into
D. For; with; through
a warm room, it gets smaller and smaller un til 7 When a piece of ice is take n t he end A. in; 8 A A. off; into
it disappears pletely. in B. out woma n fell B. at; below of; at C. in to; __ the boat C. dow n; un der in D. the to; by water.
D. away; in 练习2: 1. Wetraveled A. on; in overnight to Paris B. at; in 2. Jack has studied Chin ese in this school B. in C. on _____ the south B. to; to
and arrived ________ 5 C. at; on D. in; on ______ the year of 2000. D. by o ' clock the morni
ng.
A. since 3. Hong Kong is A. in; to 4. Japa n lies __ A. to
B. in
C. about
D. at 5. I won ' t believe that the five-year-old boy can read I
have tested him myself. A. after B. whe n 6. The book was so interesting it. of China, and Macao is __ C. to; in D. i n; in __ the east of China. B. in C. about C. if that he D. un til had read it for the west of Hong Kong.
five thousa nd three hours words
he realized
C. after China A. whe n B. un til 7. Look ______ the map A after, of, in B at, of, in C after, in, on
D. before ____ the wall, please. D at, of, on 8. - Please remember to e to my birthday party. -I see. I'll e
_____ Saturday evening. A in B at C on D for 9. They will have a maths test A for B at C in D after 10. My brother joined the army A 1989 , March B in March C March , 1989 D 1989 11. W e had our breakfast A / , to B in ,
12. It's good manners to wait
two days ,1989
in March
a quarter _______ seven to C at , to D on , to ____ line
A in
B on
C at
D with
13. How many English words had you learnt _____ last term?
A by the end of
B at the end of
C to the end of
D till the end of
14.1 was born ________ the night _______ September 15 , 1978
A in , on Bat , on Cat , in Don , of
15. It's a bad manner to laugh _____ people when they are _________ trouble
A over , in Bat , in C in , at D at , for
16. The people's Republic of Chi na was foun ded ____ 1949
A with
B on
C since
D in
17. He arrived ____ Guan gzhou ___ noon.
A. i n; in
B. to; at
C. i n; at
D. at; in
18. They work ____ a small farm _____ a river.
A. on; by
B. at; on
C. by; on
D. in; in
19. --When will Mr Black e to Beiji ng?
-- ___ September 5 th.
A. On
B. To
C. At
D. In
20. __ the night before Christmas Day, parents fill their children ' s stockings with small prese nts.
A. Of
B. At
C. To
D. On
二、表示地点的介词in、on、behind、next to、near、over、under (1). in在……里面：The pencil is in the desk. 铅笔在课桌里。 (2). on在……上面：There are some apple on the tree. 树上有些苹果。 (3). under在……下面/正下方：What's under your desk? 你书桌底下是什么？ (4). over在……正上方：There is a shelf over the table. 桌子上方有一个书架。 (5). above 在……斜上方：Raise your arms above your head. (6). below 在……斜下方：Her skirt came below her knees. (7).behind在……之后：There is a bike behind the tree. 树后有一辆自行车。 (8).next to在……旁边：There is a café next to the barber's. 理发店隔壁是一家咖啡馆。 (9).near在……附近：My bed is near the window. 我的床在窗户旁。 (10).by 在……旁：He was sitting by the window . 第一组：over, above和on的用法 1）over指在…的正上方，表示垂直在上。如: There is a lamp over the desk. 2)above指在上方，属于斜上方。如：
Raise your arms above your head. 3)on指在上面，表示两物体接触。如： There is a cup on the table. 第二组：under / below的用法： 1) under在……下面/正下方：What's under your desk? 2) below 在……斜下方：Her skirt came below her knees. 练习： ( ) 1 The boat is passing___ the bridge. A. through B. below C. under D. across ( ) 2 Two planes are flying___ the city. A. through B. over , C. on , D, below ( ) 3 We can see a river running to the east____ the hill. A. under B. below C. over D. on ( ) 4 Do you see the kite ___ the building. A. over B. cross C. on D. above C B B D 第三组：in 和on表示“在……上” 1，门一类——镶嵌在墙里的，用in， 字画一类——挂在墙面上的，用on ( ) 1 He put up a map ___ the back wall because there was a hole ___ it.
常用介词短语总结 一、近义介词短语辨析 1. 表示原因(通常在句中作状语) 1) because of:表示实际原因(表达一种较强的因果关系) 2) on account of:常用来引述逻辑、理性和事实因素 3) out of + 抽象名词:常用来引述心理、情感因素,如out of one’s own will(出于自愿) 4) owing / due to:着重把原因归于某事物,既可作状语又可作定语,due to还可以作后置定语,如:Mistakes due to carelessness may cause serious consequence. 由于粗心犯的错误也许会引起严重的后果。 5) thanks to:后面通常接表示积极意义的原因,意为"多亏,幸亏由于"。例句: He walked slowly because of his bad leg. 他腿不好,所以走得很慢。Michel and Billy, on account of their wide experiences in climbing, were voted leaders. 迈克尔与贝利由于有丰富的登山经验,被选为队长。
She did it out of sympathy. 她这样做是出于同情。 Most of the problems were owing/due to human errors. 大部分问题都是由于人为的错误造成的。 Thanks to your energy and intelligence, the development scheme has been finally realized. 多亏了你的精力和智慧,这项发展计划终于实现了。 2. 表示排除 1) with the exception of意义与except, except for相同,但比它们正式 2) apart from (=美式英语中的aside from)是个复合介词,既可表示"除……之外",相当于except (for), 又可以表示"除……之外,(还,也)"相当于besides。例句: They all passed the physics examination with the exception of Tom. 除汤姆外他们物理考试都及格了。 We had a smooth journey apart from(= except for) a flat tyre. 我们一路上很顺利,只是车胎漏了一次气。 Apart from(= besides) a flat tyre, we had broken brakes. 我们不但车胎漏了气,而且刹车也出了毛病。
表示地点的介词表示地点的介词表示地点的介词表示地点的介词 in 、、、、 on、、、、behind、、、、next to、、、、near、、、、over、、、、under (1) . in 在 .. 里面：The pencil is in the desk.铅笔在课桌里。 (2) . on 在.. 上面：There are some apple on the tree树上有些苹果。 (3) . under在.. 下面/正下方：What's under your desk?你书桌底下是什么？ (4) . over 在. 正上方：There is a shelf over the table. 桌子上方有一个书架。 (5) . above 在 . 斜上方：Raise your arms above your head. (6) . below 在.. 斜下方：Her skirt came below her kn ees. (7) .behind 在 . 之后：There is a bike behind the tree.树后有一辆自行车。 (8) .next to 在 . 旁边：There is a caf e next to the barber's.理发店隔壁是一家咖 啡馆。 (9) .near 在 ... 附近：My bed is near the window.我的床在窗户旁。 (10) .by 在........ 旁：He was sitti ng by the wi ndow 第一组：over, above和on的用法 1) over指在…的正上方，表示垂直在上。女口： There is a lamp over the desk. 2) above 指在上方，属于斜上方。如：Raise your arms above your head. 3) on 指在上面，表示两物体接触。如：There is a cup on the table. 第二组：un der / below的用法： 1) under在.. 下面/正下方：What's under your desk? 2) below 在……斜下方：Her skirt came below her knees. 练习： ( ) 1 The boat is passing___ the bridge. A. through B. below C. under D. across ( ) 2 Two planes are flying___ the city. A. through B. over , C. on , D, below ( ) 3 We can see a river running to the east ___ the hill. A. under B. below C. over D. on ( ) 4 Do you see the kite ___ the building. A. over B. cross C. on D. above 第三组： in 和on 表示“在……上” 1, 门一类——镶嵌在墙里的，用in，字画一类——挂在墙面上的，用on ( ) 1 He put up a map ___ the back wall because there was a hole ___ it. A. on; on B. at; in C. on; in D. on; at ( ) 2 There is a door___ the wall. A. on B. to C. of D. in ( ) 3 Any man ___ eyes _______ h is head can see that he's exactly like a rope. A. with; on B. with; in C. on; with D. in; with 2, 鸟一类落在树上的，用in;苹果一类长在树上的，用on ( ) 1 There are some birds singing___ the trees. A. in B. on C. at D. from ( ) 2 There are so many apples___ that tree. A. in B, on C. at D. from 第四组：in /on/ to 表示“接壤” B在A里一一用in A和B相邻(接壤)一一用on A和B不相邻(不接壤)
介词的用法总结归纳 一、 In 介词 prep. 1.(表示位置)在…里面; 在, 于; 在…部位上 I could feel the tension in the room.我可以感觉到房间里的紧张气氛。 They live in France.他们住在法国。 2.(表示时间)在…时期, 在…之后, 在过程中 In her twenties and thirties she had had no difficulty getting jobs. 她在二三十岁时找工作一点也不困难。 I cannot see you now, e back in half an hour.我现在不能见你, 半小时后回来。 3.(表示方向)往…内, 朝…方向 I saw him go in the shop.我看到他走进了商店。 4.(表示状态)处于…之中, 在…情况下 Martin was in his pyjamas.马丁穿着睡衣。 They were living in terrible poverty.他们生活在极度贫困之中。 5.(表示方式)用, 以, 按, 乘, 以…形式 They were speaking in Italian.他们在讲意大利语。 They went up in the lift.他们乘电梯上楼了。
6.(表示原因)由于, 为了 He went in fear of his life.他为自己的性命担忧, 所以走了。 7.(表示领域, 范围)在…以内 It is not in my power to do that.做那事非我力所能及。 8.(表示结果)当做, 作为 What did you give him in return?你给他什么作为报答呢? 9.(表示目的)为了 They set off in search of the lost child.他们出发去寻找走失的孩子。 10.[表示职业、活动等]从事于，参加 11.[表示数量、程度、比例]按，以;从…中 12.[表示品质、能力等]在…之中;在…身上 I don't think he had it in him.我认为他没这个本事。 二、Into 介词 prep. 1.(表示时间)持续到, 进行到 The meeting carried on into the afternoon.会议一直延续到下午。 2.(表示方向)进入…中, 到…里 Anney dived into the water.安尼潜入水中。 He came into the room.他到房子里面。 3.(表示状态)进入…状态, 欠…债
介词in，on，to 表示方位的用法 介词in，on，to 都可以用来表示某个位置的方向，它们的意义不同，故表示的方向及范围也不同： 1. in 表示方位，含义是“在……之内”，即一个小地方处在一个大地方的范围(疆域)之内。例如： China is in the east of Asia. 中国在亚洲东部。(中国是亚洲的一个国家，处于亚洲的范围之内) Guilin is in the north of Guangxi. 桂林在广西北部。(桂林是广西的一座城市) Taiwan lies in the east of China. 台湾在中国的东部。(台湾是中国东部的一个省份，是中国的领土，在中国的疆域之内) Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国的东部。(上海是中国的一个行政区域，在中国的疆域之内) The plant can be seen only in the north of Canada. 那种植物只有在加拿大北部才看得到。(暗指这种植物只生长在加拿大北部地区) The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳东升西落。 说明：表示某个地方的地理位置时，be，lie 以及be located 的意义是一样的，可以互换使用。 2. on 表示方位，含义是“在……端/边”，即一个地方在另一个地方的某一端或某一边，两个地方只是相邻或接壤，却互不管辖。例如： Guangdong Province is on the southeast of Guangxi. 广东省在广西的东南边。(广东省与广西在地理位置上是连在一起的，即两者相邻，却互不管辖) China faces the Pacific on the east. 中国东临太平洋。(中国与太平洋相邻) The country is bounded on the west by the sea.那个国家西边与海接界。(暗指该国为沿海国家) Sichuan Province is on the north of Guizhou Province. 四川省在贵州省的北边。(四川省与贵州省在地理上也是连在一起的，但互不管辖) 3. to 表示方位，含义是“在……面”，即一个地方在另一个地方的范围之外，互不管辖。尤其当两个地方相隔较远，且有湖泊、大海等区域相隔时，通常用to。例如： Japan is to the east of China. 日本在中国的东面。(日本在中国范围之外，且有日本海分隔) Taiwan is to the southeast of Fujian Province. 台湾在福建省的东南面。(台湾在福建省的范围之外，且两者之间有台湾海峡分隔)
介词for用法归纳 用法1：(表目的)为了。如： They went out for a walk. 他们出去散步了。 What did you do that for? 你干吗这样做？ That’s what we’re here for. 这正是我们来的目的。 What’s she gone for this time? 她这次去干什么去了？ He was waiting for the bus. 他在等公共汽车。 【用法说明】在通常情况下，英语不用for doing sth 来表示目的。如： 他去那儿看他叔叔。 误：He went there for seeing his uncle. 正：He went there to see his uncle. 但是，若一个动名词已名词化，则可与for 连用表目的。如： He went there for swimming. 他去那儿游泳。(swimming 已名词化) 注意：若不是表目的，而是表原因、用途等，则其后可接动名词。(见下面的有关用法) 用法2：(表利益)为，为了。如： What can I do for you? 你想要我什么？ We study hard for our motherland. 我们为祖国努力学习。 Would you please carry this for me? 请你替我提这个东西好吗？ Do more exercise for the good of your health. 为了健康你要多运动。 【用法说明】(1) 有些后接双宾语的动词(如buy, choose, cook, fetch, find, get, order, prepare, sing, spare 等)，当双宾语易位时，通常用for 来引出间接宾语，表示间接宾语为受益者。如： She made her daughter a dress. / She made a dress for her daughter. 她为她女儿做了件连衣裙。 He cooked us some potatoes. / He cooked some potatoes for us. 他为我们煮了些土豆。 注意，类似下面这样的句子必须用for： He bought a new chair for the office. 他为办公室买了张新办公椅。 (2) 注意不要按汉语字面意思，在一些及物动词后误加介词for： 他们决定在电视上为他们的新产品打广告。 误：They decided to advertise for their new product on TV. 正：They decided to advertise their new product on TV. 注：advertise 可用作及物或不及物动词，但含义不同：advertise sth＝为卖出某物而打广告；advertise for sth＝为寻找某物而打广告。如：advertise for a job=登广告求职。由于受汉语“为”的影响，而此处误加了介词for。类似地，汉语中的“为人民服务”，说成英语是serve the people，而不是serve for the people，“为某人的死报仇”，说成英语是avenge sb’s death，而不是avenge for sb’s death，等等。用法3：(表用途)用于，用来。如： Knives are used for cutting things. 小刀是用来切东西的。 This knife is for cutting bread. 这把小刀是用于切面包的。 It’s a machine for slicing bread. 这是切面包的机器。 The doctor gave her some medicine for her cold. 医生给了她一些感冒药。 用法4：为得到，为拿到，为取得。如： He went home for his book. 他回家拿书。 He went to his friend for advice. 他去向朋友请教。 She often asked her parents for money. 她经常向父母要钱。
小学英语介词总结 介词（Preposition） 一、概述 介词是英语中很活跃的词，一般置于名词之前。它常和名词或名词性词语构成介词短语。同一个介词常和不同的词语搭配形成固定搭配，表示不同意义。 二、常用介词的基本用法 At ①表示时间：I go to school at seven every day 我每天早上7点去上学。 ②表示在某一具体地点：He is standing at the bus stop 他站在公共汽车站。 ③表示动作的方向、目标：Let me have a look at the picture 让我看看这幅图。 ④用于某些固定搭配：at once 立刻、马上at last 最后 at the same time 同时at first 开始时 not at all 一点也不 About ①表示大约时间：It's about six o'clock now. 现在大约6点钟了。 ②表示地点；在……周围：Everything about me is so beautiful 我周围的一切都那么美好。 ③关于，对于：We are talking about the news. 我们正在谈论新闻。 After ①在……之后：After dinner I watch TV. 晚饭后我看电视。 ②在……后面：He came into the room after me. 他在我后面进了房间。Behind ①在……之后：There is a bike behind the tree. 树后有一辆自行车 ②比……晚，迟于：The train is behind time. 火车晚点了 By ①在……旁：He is sitting by the bed. 他正坐在床边。 ②到……时候：We have learned three English songs by now. 到现在为止，我们已经学会了三首英文歌曲。 ③以……方式：I go to school by bus. 我乘公共汽车去上学。 ④用于某些固定搭配：one by one 一个接一个by the way 顺便说一句
初中英语重难点之“方位”介词 介词的种类很多。在初中英语中，有许多表示事物存在的方向和位置的介词，我们称之为方位介词。如in（在……里），behind (在……后面)，down (向下)等等。其中有些方位介词的意义比较接近，在用法上很难区分，如on, over, above 都有“在……之上”的意思，但含义却不尽相同。我们可以用三个图示配以简短的文字叙述来说明这三个介词的不同用法。 on over above 通过这种方法，我们很容易掌握这三个介词的用法。现将初中英语教材中的部分方位介词用图示的方法归纳列举如下: (强调与物体的表面相接触)
几组方位介词的区别 方位介词in, on, to的区别： 1.in表示"在……范围内”，还表示“在…之中” Chongqing lies in the southwest of China. 2.on表示“与……毗邻，接壤” Canada lies on the north of America. 3.to表示方位，不接壤 Hunan lies to the east of Zhejiang. 表示地点位置的介词： 1.at, in, on, to at 用于小地方，at school, at home
In 用于大地方，in Beijing, in China On在……上面，on the map, on the table To到……To Chongqing 2.Above, over, on Above在……上方（高过另一个物体，不强调垂直） The airplane flies above that tall building.（不在正上方） over在……上方（垂直上方） The bridge spans over the river. On在……上面（物体表面有接触） There's some water on the floor, so you should be careful. 3.Below, under在……下面 Under在……下（正下方） The cat lies under the chair.（正下方） Below在……下（不一定是正下方） The cat lies under the chair.（不是正下方） 4.in front of, in the front of 在……的前面 in front of 在外部的前面，两个东西是独立的，相反的是behind The building is in front of the hospital. The building is behind the hospital.
一般现在时、一般过去时 时态 名称 结构 常连用的词 主要用法 例句 一般现在时 1 be 动词用 am/is/are 表示，之后接名词，形容词或介词。 often; usually; every…; sometimes; always; never; once/twice/… a week/month/year; on Sundays/Mondays/….; 一般现在时 表示没有时限的持久存在的习惯性 的动作或状 态，或现阶段 反复发生的动作或状态，或一般真理 陈述句：I am an office worker. He is so lazy. They are at home now. 否定句： I am not Tim. She is not very beautiful. They are not in the office. 一般疑问句：Are you an officeassistant? Is she beautiful? 2行为动词用V 原形或V-s/es ，引导疑问句和否定句，用do 或don’t ；第三人称时用does 或doesn’t,有does 出现动词用原形；第三人称陈述句V 后加s 或es. 陈述句：I work in Shanghai. He works at home. Davy never watches TV at home. 否定句: I don’t like the food in KFC. Davy doesn’t like the food in KFC either. 一般疑问句: Do you want a cup of coffee? Does she live near thesubway station? 一般过去时。 1．be 动词用 过去式was 或 were 表示。 yesterday; the day before yesterday; last week/month/year/….; … ago; a moment ago; just now; on/in+过去的时间; 在过去时间 里所发生的 动作或存在 的状态。 陈述句：I was a big boss.He was beautiful. We were in Beijing last year. 否定句: I was not at home at that moment. We were not at work yesterday. 一般疑问句: Were you a teacher? Was she in the office last week? 2行为动词用V-ed ，陈述句，疑问句和 否定句借助 于did,有did 出现动词用原形。 陈述句：I worked in Sunmoon. We studied English there. He lived inHongKong. 否定句: I didn’t work here. They didn’t see me. She liked English a lot. 一般疑问句: Did you go to America? Did he work in Sunmoon?
一. 平面方位 1.1“前”&“后” in front of “在…前面”（在物体外的前面） in the front of “在…前部”（在物体内部的前面） behind “在…后面”（在物体外的后面） at the back of “在…后部”（在物体内部的后面） 1.2 “在左边”on the left (of) “在右边”on the right (of) “在…中间”in the middle (of) 1.3 在两者之间between 在三者或者以上之间among 如右图所示： The teacher is sitting between the twins. Lucy is dancing among her classmates. 1.4“对面”opposite 二、表示地点的介词in、on、behind、next to、near、over、under (1). in在……里面：The pencil is in the desk. 铅笔在课桌里。 (2). on在……上面：There are some apple on the tree. 树上有些苹果。 (3). under在……下面/正下方：What's under your desk? 你书桌底下是什么？ (4). over在……正上方：There is a shelf over the table. 桌子上方有一个书架。 (5). above 在……斜上方：Raise your arms above your head. (6). below 在……斜下方：Her skirt came below her knees. (7).behind在……之后：There is a bike behind the tree. 树后有一辆自行车。 (8).next to在……旁边：There is a café next to the barber's. 理发店隔壁是一家咖啡馆。 (9).near在……附近：My bed is near the window. 我的床在窗户旁。 (10).by 在……旁：He was sitting by the window .
介词的用法 1.表示地点位置的介词 1)at ,in, on, to，for at (1)表示在小地方; (2)表示“在……附近，旁边” in (1)表示在大地方; (2)表示“在…范围之内”。 on 表示毗邻，接壤，“在……上面”。 to 表示在……范围外，不强调是否接壤；或“到……” 2)above, over, on 在……上 above 指在……上方,不强调是否垂直，与below相对； over指垂直的上方,与under相对,但over与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触。 on表示某物体上面并与之接触。 The bird is flying above my head. There is a bridge over the river. He put his watch on the desk. 3)below, under 在……下面 under表示在…正下方 below表示在……下，不一定在正下方 There is a cat under the table. Please write your name below the line. 4)in front [frant]of, in the front of在……前面 in front of…意思是“在……前面”，指甲物在乙物之前，两者互不包括；其反义词是behind（在……的后面）。There are some flowers in front of the house.(房子前面有些花卉。) in the front of 意思是“在…..的前部”，即甲物在乙物的内部.反义词是at the back of…（在……范围内的后部）。 There is a blackboard in the front of our classroom. 我们的教室前边有一块黑板。 Our teacher stands in the front of the classroom. 我们的老师站在教室前.(老师在教室里) 5）beside，behind beside 表示在……旁边 behind 表示在……后面 2.表示时间的介词 1)in , on，at 在……时 in表示较长时间，如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般（非特指）的早、中、晚等。 如in the 20th century, in the 1950s, in 1989, in summer, in January, in the morning, in one’s life , in one’s thirties等。 on表示具体某一天及其早、中、晚。 如on May 1st, on Monday, on New Year’s Day, on a cold night in January, on a fine morning, on Sunday afternoon等。 at表示某一时刻或较短暂的时间，或泛指圣诞节，复活节等。 如at 3:20, at this time of year, at the beginning of, at the end of …, at the age of …, at Christmas，at night, at noon, at this moment等。 注意：在last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一律不用介词。如：We meet every day. 2)in, after 在……之后 “in +段时间”表示将来的一段时间以后； “after+段时间”表示过去的一段时间以后； “after+将来的时间点”表示将来的某一时刻以后。 3)from, since 自从…… from仅说明什么时候开始，不说明某动作或情况持续多久；
表示地点的介词in、on、behind、next to、near、over、under (1) in在……里面：The pencil is in the desk. 铅笔在课桌里。 (2) on在……上面：There are some apple on the tree. 树上有些苹果。 (3) under在……下面/正下方：What's under your desk? 你书桌底下是什么？ (4) over在……正上方：There is a shelf over the table. 桌子上方有一个书架。 (5) above 在……斜上方：Raise your arms above your head. (6) below 在……斜下方：Her skirt came below her knees. (7) behind在……之后：There is a bike behind the tree. 树后有一辆自行车。 (8) next to在……旁边：There is a café next to the barber's. 理发店隔壁是一家咖啡馆。 (9) near在……附近：My bed is near the window. 我的床在窗户旁。 (10) by 在……旁：He was sitting by the window . 第一组：over, above和on的用法 1) over指在…的正上方，表示垂直在上。如: There is a lamp over the desk. 2) above指在上方，属于斜上方。如：Raise your arms above your head. 3) on指在上面，表示两物体接触。如：There is a cup on the table. 第二组：under / below的用法： 1) under在……下面/正下方：What's under your desk? 2) below 在……斜下方：Her skirt came below her knees. 练习： ( ) 1 The boat is passing___ the bridge. A. through B. below C. under D. across ( ) 2 Two planes are flying___ the city. A. through B. over , C. on , D, below ( ) 3 We can see a river running to the east____ the hill. A. under B. below C. over D. on ( ) 4 Do you see the kite ___ the building? A. over B. cross C. on D. above C B B D
概念引入 本单元学习介词＋定冠词the＋名词构成介词短语的用法，介词后面可以跟名词和代词 做宾语，构成介词短语。今天我们主要学习一下用来表示方位的介词和介词短语。 1. on 介词on表示“在某物之上”的意思，它通常表示一个物体在另一个物体之表面上面。两者之间有接触。 例如：Your book is on the desk. 你的书在课桌上面。 There is a ball on the floor. 地板上有个球。 拓展：above 和 over的区别 on指的有接触面的上面，但是over和above都是没有接触面的上面。 over“在……正上方”，与under相对。 例如：There is a bridge over the river. 河上有一座桥。 The picture is hanging over the blackboard. 那张图挂在黑板的正上方。 above只表示“在……上方或位置高出……”，不一定是正上方，与below相对。 例如：A plane flew above our heads. 一架飞机从我们头上飞过。 The Turners live above us. 特纳一家人住在我们的上面。 2. in 介词in表示“在某物的里面”，它通常表示一个物体在另外一个物体的内部、中间或者在某个范围之内。 例如：Your pen is in the pencil case. 你的钢笔在铅笔盒里面。 She is the tallest in her class. 她是她们班最高的。 3. under 介词under表示“在某物的下面”，它通常表示一个物体在另外一个物体的垂直正下面，两者之间没有接触。 例如：My bike is under the tree. 我的自行车在树的下面。 The shoes are under the chair. 鞋在椅子的下面。 拓展：under和below 的区别 under表示“在……之下”，通常表示位置处于正下方，与介词over“在……上方”相对应。 例如：There is a book under the table. 桌子下面有一本书。 A cat is sitting under the table.一只猫在桌子下面。 below表示“在……之下”，“在……的下游”，与介词above相对应，常指在某物体之下，但不一定在该物的正下方。
介词总结： About 关于：about this topic 附近；周围：all about (到处) 将要：be about to do sth Across： 横穿：go across the bridge 遍及：sweep across the Web Against 反：work against；fight against 倚；靠：against the background By： 通过：by all means 被动the revenue is produced by these polices 由于：by chance /by accident/ by mistake 按照：rise by/to 3.5% For： 对象：For her, books were as necessary to life as bread. 目的：He serve in the army for defending his country. 原因：He is blamed for his misdeed. Through: 贯穿；遍及：pass through 通过；凭借：get this position through hard work 结束：be through one’s homework Off: 离开：set off; take off; get off 断：cut off the electricity On: 关于：feedback on 继续的状态：go on; keep on; carry on; lead on
在…上面（接触）：be situated on Over: 关于：discuss over the topic 结束：be over 在…上面；超过：have an advantage over 遍及：all over With: 附带、伴随：a computer desktop with multiple windows open at the same time 用…的方式：enhance the situation with various means 随着：with the development of…
表示方位和方向的介词用法 表示位置的介词有：at, in, by, near, between, under 表示方向的介词有： to, into, out, out of, across, along, through 1 at表示在某地点，强调在某个位置点例：I met her at the school gate this morning. 我今天早上在校门口遇见了她。at也用于街道号码前例：She lives at 78 Nanjing Road. 她住在南京路78号。She lives on Nanjing Road. 她住在南京路。（街道前无号码时用on）She lives in Queen Street. 她住在女王街。（住在某大街用in） 2 in表示“在某区域内，在一个空间的内部，在……里面” 例：She was born in Nanjing. 她生于南京。提示:两个地名连用时，小的用at，大的 用in.例：He arrived at London in England last week. 他上周到达英国伦敦。They will meet at Washington in America. 他们将在美国华盛顿会面。 3 on表示“在……上”，并与之相接触 例：He put the dictionary on the desk. 他把词典放在桌子上。 比较英国英语和美国英语的不同介词用法：在路上 on the road （美）in the road （英）在街上 on the street （美）in the street （英）在周末 on the weekend （美）at the weekend （英）在这个队 on the team （美）in the team （英） 4 under和below表示“在……的正下方”，指垂直上下。below表示“低于某物”，只表示位置低于，但不是在正下方。例：There is a chair under the table. 桌子下面有一 把椅子。（垂直）He saw many hills and rivers below the plane. 他看见飞机的下方 有许多小山和河流。 5 over和under 表示“在……垂直的上方”，与under相对；above表示“在……的上方”，指高于某物，但不是正上方，与below相对。例： He is holding an umbrella over his head. 他撑着一把伞遮头。An airplane flew above the clouds. 一架飞 机在云端上面飞行。（云层的上面） 6 between，between 表示“在……之间”，一般用于两者之间.例：He sat between Jack and Lily. 他坐在杰克和莉莉中间。I'm usually free between Tuesday and Friday. 我通常星期二至星期五有空。 7 among 表示“在……中间”，一般用于三者或三者以上之间例：She took a seat among the children. 她在孩子们中间坐了下来。提示强调三者以上每两两这间也要用between例： There are some differences between the three of them. 他们三者之 间有一些差别。 8 behind和in front of, behind 表示“在……后面”，in front of表示“在……前面，在……前部”，两者均表示静态的位置.例：There is an apple tree behind the house.