2016年寒假英语初三组
非谓语动词
知识目标1.学习非谓语动词的定义
2.掌握非谓语动词的结构以及变化规则
3.了解非谓语动词的重难点:
常可省略不定式to的情况
既可以加不定式也可以加ing的情况Part I Introduction
请用所给单词的正确形式填空，并指出所填写单词是否为非谓语。若是非谓语，问：非谓语在此处做什么成分？
1. Lao Lishi was the first person in Zhanjiang _________(win) the Olympic golden medal.
2. ---Have you decided where _________(take) your wedding holiday?---Not yet.
3. Phelps almost devoted all his childhood to practice ___________(swim).
4. My grandparents live in a small village ________(call) Xinpo.
5. After _________(do) the laundry, she went on _________(do) some gardening.
掌握内容
Part II Grammar Focus
一、非谓语的定义：
在简单句中不能作谓语的动词的词是非谓语动词。根据动词是否在句中作谓语，我们也可以把动词分为____________和_____________两种。
二、
三、非谓语的用法：
1.作主语：
________________________
_________________________
_____________ (表示具体某一次)
______________（表习惯性）
(1) 不定式做主语：
考点：不定式作主语时，常用it做形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末,
其结构为_______________________________
例：To learn a foreign language is not easy.
It is not easy to learn a foreign language.
注意：在kind, good, nice, clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，用of。
例：It’s very kind of you to help me.
_________________________. 眼见为实。
(2) 动名词用作主语：
考点：跟不定式一样，动名词作主语时常位于句末，而在其原来的位置用it 作形式主语。谓语动词一般用_____。
例：Saying so much_______ useless.
It is useless saying so much.
_____________
2.作宾语：
______________
(1)不定式作宾语：
考点:① 常见表示命令、打算或希望的一类词，这类动词有：
________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ___
例：他希望马上能见到他的孩子。_______________________________.
He began to read and write after lunch.（当一个以上的不定式连用时，后面的不定式往往省略to。）
考点② 常见的一些省略to的动词不定式的句式
________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ __e.g: I would rather stay at home.
你最好远离他。_______________________________________.
考点③在find, think,believe, guess后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。
我们发现横跨这条河流是不可能的。_________________________________________.
考点④不定式常和疑问词what, which, when, where, how，who连用，相当于一个宾语从句的作用。如：
The teacher is telling the students what to do.
He didn’t know which to ch oose.
比较： what to do 与how to do it
【小试牛刀】
一、翻译题：
1. 邮局离这儿有点远，你最好坐车去。
_________________________________________________.
2. 他们不知道何时开始会议。
_________________________________________________.
二、选择题：
( )1.--What’s your plan for the summer holiday?
--I’ve no idea, but I’ve decided _________at home and have a good rest first.
A stay
B to stay
C stayed
( )2. The girl prefer______ at home rather than _______ to the cinema.
A.to stay;go
B.staying;going
C.to stay; to go
( )3. We believe_____possible for Tim to get the first prize.
A.that
B.it
C.this
( )4.All the hats look beautiful. I don’t know ______________.
A how to choose
B what to choose
C which one to choose
( )5.The young soldier really doesn’t know __________ to stop the baby from crying hard.
A what to do
B how to do
C when to do
(2)动名词作宾语：
考点：①用作动词宾语：这类词有：
________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________等。
例：他继续犯同样的错误。____________________________________.
I suggest leaving now.
考点：②用作介词宾语：
_________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________例：After finishing my work, I took a short rest.
They drove into town without talking to each other.
【小试牛刀】
一、翻译题。
1.我确信什么也无法阻止李雷成为一名作家。
__________________________________________.
2.我习惯先吃完早餐再刷牙。
___________________________________________.
3.我把这些植物都扔了而不是每天给它们浇水。
____________________________________________.
二、选择题。
( )1.--It’s hot. Would you mind ________ the window?
--____________. Do it as you like, please!
A me to open; OK
B my opening; Certainly not.
C my closing; Of course
( )2. The tourists have difficulty ________ with the local people. https://www.doczj.com/doc/5911602616.html,municate https://www.doczj.com/doc/5911602616.html,municating C.to communicate
3.作表语：
(1)不定式作表语的作用是：___________
His wish is to become a pianist. 他的愿望是成为一名钢琴家。 (2)动名词作表语的作用是：_______________
One of his bad habits is biting nails. 他的一个坏习惯是咬手指甲。
4.作宾语补足语：
(1)不定式用作宾语补足语：
考点 ① 双宾及物动词后，带to 的不定式，这类动词有：
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
例：They asked him to sing a pop song at the party.
考点 ② 在表示五官感觉、使役动词后，要用不带to 的不定式，这类动词有：
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 例：The boy saw two men enter the house. 这个年轻人使这个老的机器老师运转了起来。
_____________
_____________
___________________________________________. 注： 变被动怎么办？
enter the house.
（2）分词用作宾语补足语
考点 ① 现在分词作宾语补足语，多用于使役动词或感官动词之后。如：see, watch, hear, feel, smell, notice, find; have, get, leave, keep 例：We saw a light burning in the window.
He kept the machine running for ten hours.
易错点：have sb. do sth. = let sb. do sth. have sb. doing sth.=keep sb. doing sth.
请比较：I saw the old man crossing the street. 我看见那个老人在过街。
I saw the old man cross the street . 我看见那个老人过街的。
② 过去分词作宾补，多表示宾语的状态或被动意义。动作是宾语发不出来的，多用于使役动词、感官动词动词后面。特别注意“have＋宾语＋过去分词”这一结构的用法。 例：I have to have my hair cut.
你应该让你自己被所有人理解。_______________________________________ 【小试牛刀】
( )1.My father is not good at cooking. He often asks my mother_____________.
A to help him
B not to help him
C how to help him
( )2.We are often told __________at people who are in trouble.
A not to smile
B to smile
C not to laugh
( )3..I heard someone_______the door and _______.
A. open; come in
B. to open; to come in
C. open; come into
( )4.--Is Jack in the library?
--Maybe. I saw him _____ out with some books just now.
A. going
B. go
C. to go
( )5.The kids _______ their parents to hurry to the other side of the playground to get the gift for them.
A. hope
B.expect
C. Wait
( )6.Tom often makes his little sister ______but yesterday he was made ______by his sister.
A cry; to cry
B to cry; cry
C cry; cry
_____________
5.作定语
(1) 不定式用作定语：
考点：① 不定式可以像形容词一样用来修饰名词，但是它必须后置。
例：We must first find something for him to eat.
考点：②如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式之后加上适当的介词。
如：He is not a man to talk with.
(2) 动名词用作定语：通常前置，表示该名词所表示的事物的用途。如果用“for＋动名词”，则应后置。
例：a swimming pool = a pool for swimming
(3)分词用作定语：
① 现在分词作定语表示所修饰的名词的特征，或修饰名词所做的动作。表示
______________________。单个的现在分词作定语必须___置；现在分词短语则___置。
现在分词短语作定语，相当于一个______从句。
例：I have a friend living in London. (=______________________________________.)
a sleeping boy = _____________， _______________= the sun that is rising
The room was full of people who are waiting for the doctor.
(=_______________________________________)
②过去分词作定语多表示_______________________。动作发生在谓语动词之前。其前置和特征与现在分词相同。
例：We need more trained nurses.(=_______________________________________)
Things which are seen from behind seem a little different.
(=_______________________________)
【小试牛刀】
( )1.Do you know the man ________ under the tree?
A.stand
B.standing
C.stood
( )2.Do you have anything ______ for yourself?
A.say
B.saying
C.to say
( )3.The local things are specially expensive ________ by hands.
A.made
B.making
C.to make
_____________
6.作状语：
(1)不定式用作状语：
① 用作_________状语，例：
He came to borrow my dictionary.
They went on foot, so as not to be heard.
In order not to be heard, they went on foot.
② 用作_______状语，例：
He hurried to the house, only to find it empty.
③ 用作______状语
She is old enough to travel all by herself.
④ 用作______状语，例：
We jumped with joy to hear the news.
(2)分词用作状语：
① 现在分词作状语，多用来表示伴随、时间、原因、方式等。