必修四U3复习要点

一．重点单词1.content adj.满意的；满足的；知足的【常用搭配】be content to do sth. = be willing to do sth. = be ready to do sth.愿意做某事be content with sth. = be satisfied with sth.对…满意n.内容；所含之物；目录【常用搭配】to one’s content心满意足地；尽情地vt.使满足；使满意【辨析】content, satisfy若只表示使人在一定程度上感到满足，则用contentsatisfy表示使人的要求、希望得到完全的满足。

The poor are often contented, but a miser is never satisfied.穷人常知足，守财奴则用不满足。

【注意】(1)content 用作名词，作“(书的)目录’内容”讲时，往往用其复数形式contents。

(2)content用作形容词，作“愿意的”讲时表示“非常愿意”往往用well修饰content，而不用very。

【即学活用】(1)I like the style of his writing ______________________(但不喜欢其内容)．(2)______________________(他看起来比较满意)，less bitter.(3)I __________________(愿意等待)．(4)My grandparents ________________________________(满足于乡村生活)．答案：(1)but I don’t like the contents(2)He seemed more c ontent(3)was content to wait(4)are content to live in the countryside2.astonish vt. 使大为吃惊（比surprise程度强，比shock程度弱）【常用搭配】be astonished at sth.对某事感到惊讶be astonished to do sth.惊讶地做某事【拓展】astonishing adj. 令人吃惊的(常叙述给人的印象)astonished adj. 感到吃惊的（常叙述本身的感受）astonishment n. 吃惊in astonishment 吃惊地（much）to one’s astonishment 使人吃惊的是【即学活用】(1)That he passed the English test ____________________(使每个人都感到惊讶)．(2)______________________ (他们全都很惊讶)to hear China won 51 gold medals in the Beijing Olympics.(3)__________________(使我们吃惊的是)，he actually arrived punctually.(4)He _____________________________ (吃惊地看着老师)when he heard the news.(5)There was an ______________ (惊讶的表情)on his face.答案：(1)astonished everyone(2)They were all astonished(3)To our astonishment(4)looked at his teacher in astonishment(5)astonished look3.fortunate adj. 幸运的；吉利的【常用搭配】be fortunate in doing…在做…方面很幸运be fortunate to do sth.有幸能够做某事It is fortunate that…幸运的是…have good/bad fortune运气好/不好【拓展】unfortunately adv. 不幸地fortune n. 命运；财产make a fortune发财try one’s fortune碰运气【即学活用】(1)She ______________________________(非常幸运地免于受伤)．(2)I am ____________________________(很幸运有个好妻子)．(3)______________(所幸的是)that nobody was hurt in the accident.(4)After graduation，I went to Shenzhen ______________(碰运气)．答案：(1)had good fortune to escape injury(2)fortunate in having a good wife(3)It was fortunate(4)to try my fortune4.entertain vt.&vi. 使欢乐；款待【常用搭配】entertain sb.(to sth.) (=treat sb. to sth.) 招待/款待某人entertain sb. (with sth.) (用…)使某人快乐、entertain sb.as...把某人当……招待【拓展】entertainment n. 娱乐；文娱节目entertaining adj.愉快的；有趣的【即学活用】(1)I ______________________________ (招待朋友吃晚饭)yesterday evening.(2)The man ______________________________________(以各种把戏逗乐孩子们)．(3)It’s not a very serious film，but __________________(一部很好的娱乐片)．答案：(1)entertained my friends to dinner (2)entertained the children with all kinds of tricks(3)a good entertainment5.throughout(1)prep. 遍及；贯穿throughout the World 全世界throughout China 全中国throughout the year 全年throughout one’s life 终生(2)adv. 到处；始终（通常用于句末）6.worn adj. 用旧的；用坏的；疲惫的；憔悴的【常用搭配】wear away/wear sth.away(因重复使用而)变薄，变光滑；磨薄，磨光wear down/wear sth.down(因重复使用而)变小，变光滑；磨短wear sb./sth.down(尤指通过不断攻击或施加压力)使衰弱，使意志薄弱wear off逐渐消失；消逝；逐渐停止wear out/wear sth.out穿破；破损；用坏；用完wear oneself/sb.out使疲乏，使筋疲力尽，使厌烦(与exhaust，give out，tire out意思相近)【即学活用】(1)The inscription on the coin ________________.(2)She eventually ________ me ________ after several days，and I have to say she was much better than I.(3)The effects of the drug will soon ________________，so don’t be nervous.(4)He ________________ two pairs of trousers last year.(5)You’ll ________ yourself ________ if you carry on working so hard.答案：(1)had worn away(2)wore；down(3)wear off(4)wore out(5)wear；out【拓展】worn-out adj. 破旧的；磨损的；疲惫不堪tired out精疲力竭的（多指人的情况）The old soldier is always wearing a pair of worn-out shoes.He came back from school and he was worn-out.7.convince vt.(1)使确信；使信服【常用搭配】convince sb. of sth./that从句使某人相信…How can I convince you of her honesty?What she said convinced me that I was mistaken.(2)说服【常用搭配】convince sb. to do sth.说服某人做某事【拓展】convincing adj. 令人信服的；有说服力的convinced adj.坚信不移的8.direct v.导演；指示；指挥；负责adj.直接的【常用搭配】direct+宾语指导….direct that…命令…direct sb. to do sth.指导/指示某人做某事direct sb. to…给某人指路9.outstanding adj. 突出的；杰出的；显著的10.particular(1)adj. 特殊的；特别的【常用搭配】be particular about sth. 对某物很挑剔in particular(=especially)尤其地，特别地(2)n.细节I suppose the secretary knows the particulars of the plan.11. occasion n. 场合；机会；时刻【常用搭配】on one occasion(=once)有一次on occasion(=sometimes)有时【拓展】occasional adj.偶尔的；临时的Occasionally adv. 偶然；偶尔12.slide(1)v. (使)滑行；（使）滑动【常用搭配】slide away 溜走slide off 滑落slide into/out 溜进/出slide over 回避slide down 滑下来(2) n. 幻灯片13. amuse vt. 使发笑；使愉快【拓展】amusing adj. 好笑的；有趣的amused adj.觉得好笑的amusement n. 消遣，娱乐keep sb. amused 使某人快乐to one’s amusement 使某人感到好笑的是14. whisper v. 低语；小声说n. 耳语；低语【常用搭配】speak in a whisper 低声说whisper to sb. 向某人低声说whisper sth. in one’s ear 在某人耳边小声说15. vast adj. 巨大的；辽阔的；大量的【辨析】vast, huge, enormous(1)vast强调幅员“辽阔广大”a vast area of forest一片广阔的森林(2)huge强调体积方面的“巨大”She arrived at the airport carrying two huge suitcases.(3)enormous不仅表示“块头”和“数量”方面的“大”，而且可以表示程度方面的“极大”He earned enormous sums of money and was paid as much as 100 for a single appearance.The stress they’re under is enormous.16. react vi. 作出反应；回应【常用搭配】react to作出反应；回应react against 反对；反抗Workers reacted angrily to the news of more job losses at the factory.工人们对工厂进一步裁员的消息感到气愤。

Unit3知识归纳词汇1．content n．内容,题材;容量，目录(pl。

）；满足(意） adj.满足的，高兴的(一般不用作定语）；甘愿的vt.使……满足归纳拓展（1）be content to do sth。

＝be willing to do sth.＝be ready to do sth。

愿意做某事(不能用contented 替换）be content that满意……feel/be content with。

..（＝feel/be satisfied with)对……感到满意/满足（2）content sb。

/oneself with sth。

使……满足于某事（3)with content满足(意）地to one’s heart’s content尽情地，心满意足地（4）contented adj.满足的，满意的（可作定语)the contented people满足的人们a contented smile满足的微笑注意:content用作形容词充当表语,表示“非常满意"时，只能说be well content，不能说be very content。

同类辨析content与contented这两个词都有“满意的，满足的”之意。

（1)content表示“甘心的，甘愿的”,多用作表语、后置定语或状语,后面可接不定式。

(2)contented 指安于现状，别无他求，有“知足"的意思，一般作前置定语或表语。

2．entertain vt。

＆vi。

使快乐；款待，招待归纳拓展(1）entertain sb。

to sth.用……宴客/招待/款待某人(尤指在自己家中)entertain sb.with sth.＝sb.be entertained with sth.用……使某人快乐entertain sb。

as..。

把某人当……招待（2）entertainment n．娱乐活动；款待，招待find entertainment in以……为乐give an entertainment to sb。

高中英语必修4 Unit3重点词语及短语解析高中英语必修4 Unit3重点词语及短语解析Unit3 A taste f English huuraring Up,Pre-reading,Reading重点词语及短语解析1 feel vt（1) 触，摸：She felt the dg’s nse他摸狗的鼻子。

（2）感觉；觉得He began t feel uneas他开始感到不安。

H are u feeling tda, rs Brn?布朗太太，你今天觉得怎么样？I dn’t feel lie sleeping,我不想睡。

2 be ntent ith ad对……满意的，满足的，安心的Are u ntent ith ur present salar?你对你目前的薪金满意吗？Are u ntent t g there alne?你愿意一个人去那儿吗？（1）ntents n 内容，内部所有之物，目录Are u ntent ith the ntents f the nvel?你对小说的内容满意吗？（2）ntent n 不可数名词，满意的状态，满意He lives in peae and ntent他生活于和平与满足之中。

t ne’s heart’s ntent 尽情地，心满意足n Sundas hildren pla in the par t their hearts’ntent 星期天孩子们在公园里尽情地玩耍。

3 astnish vt使惊讶；使惊骇；使惊愕e are astnished at his iprveent他进步之快，令我们惊讶。

The barbarian usts f the villagers astnished us村民的野鸾习俗令我们吃惊。

词语拓展astnishing ad令人惊讶的；astnished ad 感到惊讶的；astnishent n 惊讶，惊骇。

4 unfrtunate 不幸的：She is an unfrtunate an她是个不幸的女人。

人教版高中英语必修四Unit 3 重难点知识点总结【重点单词】1.humour ['hju:mə(r)] n. 幽默；滑稽2.punchline ['pʌntʃlaɪn] n. 故事；笑话等中的妙语；关键语3.verbal ['və:bəl] adj. 口头的4.nonverbal [ˌnɒn'vɜ:bl] adj. 不用语言的5.mime [maɪm] n. 哑剧edy ['kɒmədɪ] n. 喜剧7.brighten ['braɪtn] vt. 使更愉快；使更有希望8.depressed [dɪ'prest] adj. 忧愁的；沮丧的9.content ['kɒntent] adj. 满足的；满意的n. 满足vt. 使满足10.performer [pə'fɔ:mə(r)] n. 表演者；演出者11.astonish [ə'stɒnɪʃ] vt. 使惊诧12.astonishing [ə'stɒnɪʃɪŋ] adj. 令人感到惊讶的13.fortunate ['fɔ:tʃənət] adj. 幸运的；吉利的14.unfortunately [ʌn'fɔ:tʃənətli] adv. 不幸地15.teens [ti:nz] n. 十几岁（13至19岁的年龄）16.ordinary ['ɔ:dnrɪ] adj. 平常的；普通的17.bored [bɔːd] adj. 厌烦的18.subtle ['sʌtl] adj. 微妙的；精巧的；技艺精湛的19.entertain [ˌentə'teɪn] vt. & vi. 使欢乐；款待20.entertaining [ˌentə'teɪnɪŋ] adj. 愉快的；有趣的21.charming ['tʃɑːmɪŋ] adj. 迷人的；有魅力的22.tramp [træmp] n. 流浪汉；行乞者23.throughout [θru:'aʊt] prep. 遍及；贯穿adv. 到处；始终；全部24.homeless ['həʊmləs] adj. 无家的；无家可归的25.moustache [mə'stɑ:ʃ] n. 小胡子26.worn [wɔ:n] adj. 用旧的；用坏的；破烂的27.stiffly [stɪflɪ] adv. 僵硬地28.failure ['feɪljə(r)] n. 失败（者）29.optimism ['ɒptɪmɪzəm] n. 乐观；乐观主义30.overcome [ˌəʊvə'kʌm] vt. & vi. 战胜；克服31.underdog ['ʌndədɒɡ] n. 失败者；处于劣势的一方32.snowstorm ['snəʊˌstɔ:m] n. 暴风雪33.leather ['leðə(r)] n. 皮革ce [leɪs] n. 饰带；花边；鞋带35.chew [tʃu:] vt. & vi. 嚼碎；咀嚼（食物）36.mouthful ['maʊθfʊl] n. 一口；满口37.enjoyment [ɪn'dʒɔɪmənt] n. 享受；欢乐；乐趣38.convince [kən'vɪns] vt. 使信服39.convincing [kən'vɪnsɪŋ] adj. 令人信服的。

必修四Unit 3 课本知识点复习一．词汇变形1.depress vt.使沮丧; 使消沉— depression n. 抑郁；沮丧—depressing adj. 令人沮丧的—depressed adj.感到沮丧的—depressive adj. 抑郁的2.unfortunately adv. 不幸地，遗憾地—unfortunate adj. 不幸的—fortunate adj. 幸运的—fortunen. 运气，机会— misfortune n. 不幸3.astonish v.使大为吃惊，使惊讶—astonished adj. 感到惊讶的— astonishing adj. 令人惊讶的—astonishment n.惊讶；惊异4.entertain v. 使欢乐；款待— entertaining adj. 愉快的；有趣的— entertainment 【U,C】n. 娱乐；消遣5.optimism n. 乐观—optimist n. 乐观的人—optimistic adj. 乐观的— optimistically adv. 乐观地pessimism n. 悲观— pessimist n.悲观的人— pessimistic adj.悲观的—pessimistically adv. 悲观地6.direct v./n. 指示;指挥— directly adv. 直接地；坦率的7.confident adj. 自信的—confidently adv.自信地— confidence n.自信；自信心8.particular adj. 特殊的，特别的；挑剔的— particularly adv. 特殊地；特别地9.amuse v. 使发笑；逗乐— amused adj. 感到好笑的—amusing adj. 好笑的—amusement【U，C】 n. 愉悦；娱乐活动10.react v. 做出反应，回应—reaction n. 反应，回应—reactive adj. 有反应的，回应的11.mountain n. 山；山脉 -- mountainous adj. 多山的12.slide v. 溜进 --slid（过去时）--slid（过去分词）二. 重点短语1. break into 强行闯入；突然开始e.g. They broke into the bank and stole much money. 他们闯进银行，偷了很多钱。

人教新课标：必修4 Unit3 单元重点辅导1.人教新课标：必修4 Unit3 单元重点辅导篇1人教新课标：必修4 unit3 单元重点辅导一、日常口语突破情感（1）— what do you think of the lecture？你认为那讲座如何呀？— how wonderful. 好极了。

（2）— the party is so fun. 晚会是那么有趣。

—i‘m pleased you are amused at it. 很高兴你被它逗乐了。

二、核心单词例析1. astonish vt 使惊讶（= surprise sb. greatly）the earthquake astonished the whole country. 这次地震震惊了全国。

辨析：astonishing adj.令人震惊的；astonished adj.感到惊呀的2. particular 非一般的，特别的，特殊的he left for no particular reason. 他无缘无故就走了。

to jane， her diary is a particular friend. 对简来说，日记是她的特殊朋友。

搭配：in particular =especially特别是3. entertain vt. & vi. 使欢乐，招待，款待we were all entertained by his humorous stories. 他的幽默故事使我们大家都很开心。

they often entertained their friends at weekends. 他们常在周末招待朋友。

i don‘t entertain very often. 我不常在家请客。

派生：entertaining adj. 使人愉快的，有趣：his entertaining silent movies他那逗乐的无声电影，an entertaining story/guess一个有趣的故事/客人。

Unit3 A taste of English humour一、重点短语梳理1．break into 闯入，进入2．up to now 直到现在3．brighten the lives of 照亮某人的生活道路4．feel/be content with 对……满足5．badly off 穷的，缺少的6．in search of 寻找….7．pick out 挑选出，辨认出8．on the edge of 在…边沿9．cut off 切断，断绝10．in silence沉默，不作声11. make use of 使用12.be angry about 对…很生气13.star in 担任主角，主演二、要点梳理1. content(1)adj.满足的；满意的①We shouldn't be content with the achievements already gained.②She is quite content to stay at home looking after her children.(2)vt.使满足；使满意①Nothing contents her; She is always complaining.②We should never content ourselves with the knowledge we have mastered only.be content with…满足于……注意：在表示“非常满意”时，应用be well content(with)，而不是very。

be content to do…乐于（愿意）做……be content that…对……满足/满意With content 满足地……to one’s content使某人心满意足的是2. astonish (vt.)使惊诧His words astonished us all. 他的话使我们大家感到惊讶。

BOOK4 UNIT3 WORDS humour un.幽默；滑稽Phrases: a sense of humourhave a/no sense of humoura man with humour Derivative: humorous adj.幽默感有/ 无幽默感一个有幽默感的人幽默的；的comedy cn.喜Phrases: cut the comedy Antonym: tragedy cn.停止搞笑；不再胡悲up to now ph. 直到在Points:短与so far , recently , in recent years 等后引句子都用在完成depressed adj. 愁的；沮的Derivative: depressing adj. 令人感到沮的depression n. 沮depress vt. 使沮；消沉contentadj. 足的；意的 Phrases: be/feel content with ⋯⋯足 be content to do sth 意做某事n. 足Phrases: to one ’s heart ’s content 心意足的；尽情地E.g. sing to one ’s heart ’s content 尽情歌唱vt. 使足content oneself with 使自己⋯⋯足n.[ ’k ? n ’t e n t] 容量；含量；内容；目performer n. 表演者；演出者Derivative: performance cn. 表演；演出Phrases: give a performance = put on 表演perform v. 表演astonish vt. 使惊Derivative: astonished adj. 惊的astonishing adj. 令人感到惊的astonishment n. 惊 Phrases: (much) to one ’s astonishment令人惊fortunate adj. 幸运的；吉利的Derivative: fortunately adv. 幸运地unfortunately adv. 不幸地badly off ph. 的；缺少的Usages: be badly off for 缺乏⋯⋯（物品）比 : worse offAntonym: well ( better ) off 富藏的；富有的teens n.十几（13至19的年）Usages: in one ’s teens/twenties/thirties在某人十几/二十几/三十几Add in: in the 1980s在二十世八十年代ordinary adj.平常的；普通的；平凡的；不高的Usages: ordinary people平凡人；老百姓辨析 : common adj.普通的；常的；普遍的E.g. a common kind of tree一种普遍生的usual adj.平常的；常的bored adj.的Phrases: be bored with = be tired of⋯⋯感到Add in : be tired with/from因⋯⋯而感到疲Derivative: boring adj.令人感到无聊的entertain vt. & vi.使；款待Phrases: entertain sb with sthDerivative: entertainment n.；款待Phrases: give an entertainment to sb款待某人Find entertainment in用⋯⋯Entertaining adj.愉快的；有趣的charming adj.迷人的；有魅力的throughoutprep.遍及；穿（既可以指，也可以指地点）E.g. throughout the country = all over the countrythroughout the night = all through the nightadv.到；始；全部E.g. The room was decorated throughout.一整个房都被装了。

Unit3 A taste of English humourⅠ. 常考单词必背1．content adj. 满足的；满意的n. 满足vt. 使满足Is he content with his present achievement?他对目前的成就感到满意吗？The boy contents himself with an apple every day.这个男孩每天吃一个苹果来满足自己。

[快速闪记]content oneself with sth 满足于某事feel/be content with 对……感到满意be content to do... 愿意做……do sth to your heart's content 尽情地做某事2．astonish vt. 使惊诧The news astonished everyone present at the meeting.这则消息使与会的每一个人感到惊讶。

It is astonishing how much the place has changed.这地方变化如此之大，真是令人吃惊。

[快速闪记](1)be astonished at 对……感到惊讶be astonished to do sth 惊讶地干某事(2)astonished adj. 感到惊讶的astonishing adj. 令人感到惊讶的astonishment n. 吃惊，惊讶3．entertain vt.&vi. 使欢乐；款待He entertained us for hours with his stories and jokes.他既讲故事又说笑话，把我们逗乐了好几个小时。

[快速闪记](1)entertain sb with sth 用……使某人有兴趣(2)entertaining adj. 使人愉快的；有趣的entertainer n. 表演者entertainment n. 娱乐(活动)4．throughout prep. 遍及；贯穿adv. 到处；始终；全部This experience will be of value to them throughout their lives.这个经历对他们一辈子都将是宝贵的。

必修4第三单元知识点总结第一节：The Structure of the Universe1. The size of the Universe- The Universe is vast and expanding, consisting of billions of galaxies, each containing billions of stars.- It is difficult to comprehend the size of the Universe due to its immense scale.2. Galaxies- Galaxies are massive systems of stars, dust, and gas held together by gravity.- The Milky Way is the galaxy that contains our solar system.3. Stars- Stars are massive, luminous spheres of plasma that emit light and heat.- The life cycle of a star includes formation, main sequence, red giant, and white dwarf stages.4. The Big Bang Theory- The Big Bang Theory posits that the Universe began as a singular point and has been expanding ever since.- This theory has been supported by evidence such as the cosmic microwave background radiation.5. The Universe’s age and fate- The Universe is estimated to be around 13.8 billion years old.- There are different theories about the ultimate fate of the Universe, such as the Big Freeze and the Big Crunch.第二节：The Origins of the Universe1. Theories of the Universe’s origins- Theories of the Universe’s origins include the Big Bang Theory and the Steady State Theory.2. Evidence for the Big Bang- Evidence that supports the Big Bang Theory includes the redshift of distant galaxies, the cosmic microwave background radiation, and the abundance of light elements.3. The role of gravity in the formation of the Universe- Gravity played a key role in the formation of structures in the early Universe, such as galaxies and clusters of galaxies.4. The formation of light elements- Light elements like hydrogen and helium were formed in the early Universe during the process of nucleosynthesis.5. Dark matter and dark energy- Dark matter and dark energy are mysterious components of the Universe that make up a large percentage of its content.第三节：The Solar System and Planets1. The formation of the Solar System- The Solar System formed from a cloud of gas and dust called the solar nebula, with the Sun forming at its center and planets forming from the leftover material.2. Composition and structure of the Sun- The Sun is a massive ball of gas mostly composed of hydrogen and helium.- It consists of several layers, including the core, radiative zone, convective zone, photosphere, chromosphere, and corona.3. The inner planets- The inner planets of the Solar System include Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars.- These planets are rocky and terrestrial, with solid surfaces and relatively thin atmospheres.4. The outer planets- The outer planets of the Solar System include Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.- These planets are gas giants with thick atmospheres and no solid surfaces.5. Dwarf planets and other celestial bodies- Dwarf planets like Pluto and Ceres are considered part of the Solar System, as well as other smaller objects such as asteroids, comets, and meteoroids.第四节：The Earth’s Moon1. The origin and properties of the Moon- The most widely accepted theory for the origin of the Moon is the Giant-impact hypothesis, which posits that the Moon formed from debris created by a collision between early Earth and a Mars-sized body.- The Moon is smaller and less dense than Earth and has a cratered surface with no atmosphere.2. Phases of the Moon- The Moon goes through different phases as seen from Earth, including new moon, first quarter, full moon, and last quarter, which are caused by the relative positions of the Earth, Moon, and Sun.3. Lunar eclipses and tides- Lunar eclipses occur when the Earth passes between the Sun and the Moon, causing the Earth’s shadow to fall on the Moon.- Tides on Earth are caused by the gravitational pull of the Moon, with high tides occurring on the side of the Earth facing the Moon and on the opposite side.第五节：The Earth and Its Atmosphere1. The structure of the Earth- The Earth is composed of several layers, including the inner core, outer core, mantle, and crust, with the lithosphere and asthenosphere playing key roles in the movement of tectonic plates.2. Composition and properties of the atmosphere- The Earth’s atmosphere is composed of several layers, including the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere.- It consists of different gases, with nitrogen and oxygen making up the majority of the atmosphere, along with trace gases and water vapor.3. The greenhouse effect- The greenhouse effect is the process by which greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trap heat from the Sun, raising the Earth’s temperature and making it suitable for life.4. Weather and climate- Weather refers to the short-term conditions of the atmosphere, including temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind, and visibility.- Climate refers to the long-term patterns of weather in a particular area.5. Natural hazards and disasters- Natural hazards such as hurricanes, tornadoes, and earthquakes can lead to natural disasters that have a significant impact on the Earth’s environment and its inhabitants.第六节：Earth’s Resources and Energy1. Renewable and nonrenewable resources- Renewable resources such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power can be replenished naturally and are considered more sustainable than nonrenewable resources like fossil fuels.2. Fossil fuels- Fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas are formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals and are a major source of energy for human civilization.3. Nuclear power- Nuclear energy is generated through the fission of uranium or plutonium atoms, producing heat that can be used to generate electricity.4. Alternative energy sources- Alternative energy sources such as solar, wind, hydroelectric, and geothermal power are being increasingly explored as cleaner and more sustainable alternatives to traditional fossil fuels.5. Energy conservation and sustainability- Energy conservation involves reducing energy usage through efficiency measures, while sustainability focuses on the long-term impact of human activity on the environment.第七节：Climate Change and Environmental Issues1. Global climate change- Climate change refers to long-term shifts in temperature and weather patterns, with global warming caused by human activities such as deforestation, burning fossil fuels, and industrialization.2. Effects of climate change- Climate change can lead to rising sea levels, extreme weather events, loss of biodiversity, and threats to human health and food security.3. Mitigation and adaptation- Mitigation involves reducing greenhouse gas emissions and transitioning to cleaner energy sources, while adaptation focuses on preparing for and addressing the impacts of climate change.4. Environmental issues- Other environmental issues such as air and water pollution, deforestation, habitat destruction, and waste management also have significant impacts on the Earth’s ecosystems and human well-being.5. Conservation and sustainable development- Conservation efforts aim to protect and preserve natural resources and wildlife, while sustainable development seeks to meet the needs of present and future generations without compromising the health of the planet.综上所述，必修4第三单元涉及了宇宙的结构与起源、太阳系与行星、地球与其大气层、地球资源与能源、气候变化与环境问题等多个方面的知识点。