名词性从句
由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。名词性从句在复合句中起名词的作用，它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句四大类，在句中分别用作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。
一、引导名词性从句的关联词
A．that
连词that本身没有意义，在从句中不担任任何句子成分，在宾语从句中有时可省略。
I hear (that) he has joined the football club. 我听说他已经加入了足球俱乐部。
That light travels in straight line is known to all. 众所周知，光是以直线传播的。
It so happens that I know the man. 碰巧我认识那个。
Is it certain that they will win? 他们一定会赢吗
B．whether和if
连词whether和if本身有意义（解释是否），在从句中不可省略。
1．whether可以连接所有的名词性从句，而if只能引导宾语从句。
I didn't know whether he would attend the concert. 我并不知道他是否参加音乐会。（宾语从句，可用if代替whether）
The question is whether it is worth trying. 问题是值不值得试一试。（表语从句，不可用if代替whether）
Whether she comes or not makes no difference. 她来不来都没有关系。（主语从句，不可用if代替whether）
He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必须回答他是否同意此事这样一个问题。（同位语从句，不可用if代替whether）
2．whether引导的宾语从句可作介的宾语，而if则不能。
It all depends on whether they will support us. 这完全取决于他们是否支持我们。(不用if)
Ryan was worrying about whether he had hurt her feelings. 瑞恩担心是否伤害了她的感情。
3．if既可引导状语从句，也可引导宾语从句。如果用if会引起歧义，应避免使用if，而用whether。
Please let me know if you want to join us. 请告诉我你是否想加入我们。（if引导的从句可被看成是宾语从句，if表示是否）
Please let me know if you want to join us. 如果你想加入我们的话，请告诉我一声。（if引导的从句可被看成是条件状语从句，if表示如果）
Please let me know whether you want t join us. 请告诉我你是否想加入我们。（为避免引起歧义，可用whether表示是否）
C．who, whom, whose, what, which
连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which等在从句中既起连接作用，同时又担当主语、宾语、定语、表语等成分。
No one knows who he was waiting for. 没人知道他当时在等谁。
We are worrying about what we should do next. 我们正在为下一步该怎么办而烦恼。
Tell me whose house it is. 告诉我这是谁的家。
Let me know which train you will be arriving on. 告诉我你将乘哪列火车到达。
D．where, when, how, why
连接副词where, when, how, why等在从句中既是连接词，又作状语。
I don't know where we are going to have the meeting.我不知道我们将在哪儿开会。
She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。
What I am anxious to know is when we can visit the museum. 我急于知道我们什么时候能参观博物馆。
比较：
when引导的时间状语从句和名词性从句中的不同时态。
Please let me know when you arrive. 你到的时候，请告诉我一声。（when引导的是时间状语从句，从句中用一般现在时来表示将来。）
Please let me know when you will arrive. 请告诉我你什么时候到。（when引导的是宾语从句，从句中用一般将来时。）
E．whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever, whosever
连接代词whoever = anyone who任何人, 无论谁；whatever =anything that凡是...，无论什么；whichever = anything that无论那一个, 任何一个；whomever = anyone whom （whoever的宾格形式）。
Whoever comes to the club is welcome. 不论谁来参加这个俱乐部都欢迎。
Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well.凡是值得做的就值得做好。
They ate whatever they could find on the deserted island. 他们在荒岛找到什么就吃什么。
You may do whatever you will. 你可做任何你想做的事。
I'll take whichever book interests me.我愿买任何让我感兴趣的书。
Whosever book is overdue will be fined. 不管谁的书过期未还都要被罚款。
连接代词whoever在宾语从句中作主语，whomever作宾语从句中宾语。
You may offer the book to whoever wants it. 你可把这本书给任何想要的人。（此句中不能使用whomever，因为whoever在宾语从句中作wants it的主语）
You may offer the book to whomever you like.你可把这本书给任何你喜欢的人。（whomever在宾语从句中作you like的宾语）
二、表语从句
表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语。
A．可接表语从句的连系动词
可接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, seem, sound, appear等。
China is no longer what she used to be. 今日的中国不再是过去的中国了。
The question remains whether they will be able to help us. 问题还是他们能否帮我们。
It appears that he has a taste for music.看来他对音乐有一定的鉴赏力.
At that time, it seemed as if I couldn' t think of the right word anyhow. 当时，我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。
B．as, as if though引导的表语从句
He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。
It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door. 听起来好像有人在敲门。
C．because, why引导的表语从句
I think it is because you are talking too much. 我想这是因为你话说得太多。
That's because he didn't understand me. 那是因为他没有理解我。（That's because 强调原因）That's why he got angry with me. 那正是他对我生气的原因。（Tha's why 强调结果）
注意
what引导的主语从句表示结果或名词reason作主语时，后面的表语从句表示原因时要用that引导，一般不宜用because。
The reason why I was sad was that he didn't understand me. 我难过的原因是他没有理解我。
What cost him his life was that he was too careless. 使他丧命的原因是他太粗心了。
D．使用虚拟语气的表语从句
在表示建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后的表语从句，谓语动词需用should+动词原形表示，should 可省略。常见的词有：advice, suggestion, order, proposal, insistence, plan, idea等。
My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。
His proposal was that they (should ) challenge the other classes to a friendly competition. 他的提议是挑战别的班级进行一场友谊竞赛。
四、宾语从句
在复合句中用作动词宾语或介词宾语的从句叫宾语从句。
A. 作动词宾语
He told us（that）he felt ill. 他对我们说他感到不舒服。
Do you know whose dictionary it is 你知道这是谁的字典？
He has informed me when they are to discuss the work plan. 他已经通知我他们将什么时候讨论工作计划
Give a reading list to whoever comes. 给所有来的人一份阅读书目。
注意：
doubt（怀疑）的肯定句接if whether引导的宾语从句，但否定句和疑问句接that引导的宾语从句。
I doubt whether if he will succeed. 我怀疑他是否会成功。
I do not doubt that he can recite the poem. 我相信他能把这首诗背下来。
Do you doubt that he will win 你不相信会获胜吗
B．作介词的宾语
He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day. 他对那天发生的事感到很不快。
I am curious as to what he will say. 我很想知道他要说什么。
Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it. 你是否成功将主要取决于你做什么和怎样做。
They were praised or criticizd according to how they had done their work. 他们受表扬还是受批评是根据他们工作好坏而定。
He goes to the library every day except when it is raining. 除了天下雨外，他每天都去图书馆。
注意：
that引导的宾语从句只用在少数介词后，如：except, in, but等。此时，that不能省略。
I know little about him except that he lives downstais. 我对他知之甚少，只知道他住在楼下。
He differed from his classmates in that he devoted his spare time to reading. 他和他的同学们不同的地方在于他把业余时间用在阅读上。
C. 作形容词的宾语
I am not sure what I ought to do. 我不能确定我该做什么。
I'm afraid (that) you don't understand what I said. 恐怕你没领会我说的意思。
I'm suprised (that) I didn't see all that before. 我好奇怪，我以前没见过那一切。
D. 用it作形式宾语的情况
1．和it作形式主语一样，我们常用it来作形式宾语，把真正的宾语从句放在句末，这种情况尤其出现在带复合宾语的句子中。
We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday. 我们认为小王昨天没来是奇怪的。
He has made it clear that he will not give in. 他已表明他不会屈服。
2．由于that引导的宾语从句一般不可以直接作介词的宾语，因此当介词后面需要用that从句作宾语时，必须使用it作形式宾语。
You may depend on it that I shall always support you. 你可以放心我会永远支持你的。
I'll see to it that your problem will be dealt with immediately. 我保证你的问题会立即得到处理的。3．在take, hide, see to, insit on, depend on等动词以及一些表示爱好的动词（enjoy, hate, like, love, don't mind, resent 等）之后，形式宾语it可直接跟宾语从句。
I take it that he's not interested in the book. 我猜想他对这本书不感兴趣。
She hid it that she was married. 她隐瞒了她已婚的事实。
I don't like it when you look at me like that! 我不喜欢那样看我。
4. it不能作由连接代词whoever, whomever, whosever, whatever, whichever引导的宾语从句的形式宾语。
You may do whatever you will. 你可做任何你想做的事。
I'll take whichever book interests me.我愿买任何让我感兴趣的书。
We are ready to offer help to whoever needs it. 我们乐意帮助任何需要帮助的人。
E．宾语从句的语序
和其他词性从句一样，宾语从句必须使用陈述语序，不能用疑问语序。
How can I get to the station, Can you tell me
→Can you tell me how I can get to the station 你能告诉我怎样去车站吗？
What does he like I wonder
→I wonder what he likes. 我想知道他喜欢什么。
Where were you born He asked →He asked me where I was born. 他问我出生的地方。
比较：
He asked me what was the matter. 他问我出了什么事。(the matter = wrong)
He asked me what the matter was. 他问我那是什么物质。
F．宾语从句中的时态
1．在一般情况下，宾语从句中时态要和主句相一致，尤其是主句为过去时态时。
He said that he had lived in Beijing since liberation. 他说自解放以来他一直住在北京。
He made it quite clear that he preferred to learn English. 他明确地说他更喜欢学英语。
2．有时，宾语从句中时态也可以和主句不一致。
You can't imagine how they were excited when they won the first place in the game.你无法想象他们获得比赛第一名时是多么的兴奋。
Can you make sure where you have put the gold ring 你能确定你把金戒指放哪儿了吗？
3．客观真理和自然规律的内容在宾语从句中时态保持不变。
Mike asked whether the earth moves around the sun. 迈克问地球是否绕着太阳转。
Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证明了地球是圆的。
G．关于that的省略
一般情况下，宾语从句中的that是可以省略的。但在下列几种情况下，that一般不可省略。
1．介词后面的that不能省。
Peter is a good student except that he is sometimes careless.彼得是好学生，只是有时粗心。
2．并列连词and连接两个或两个以上宾语从句，and前面的that可以省略，and的后面的that 不能省略。
Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened. 大家都会看出所发生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕。
My uncle says (that) he has servd here for twenty years and that he is going to retire next month. 我叔叔说他在这儿工作已二十年了，下个月即将退休。
3．that引导的宾语从句位于句首时，that不可省略。
That he ever said such a thing I simply don't believe. 我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。
4．主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语，that不可省略。
He said that, if he could manage it, he would come for dinner. 他说，如果他安排得好的话，他会来吃晚饭的。
5．宾语从句中有其他从属连词时，that不能省略。
He told me that if it was necessary they would work all night. 他告诉我，如果需要的话，他们就干个通宵。
H．宾语从句的否定转移
在think, consider, believe, suppose, expect, fancy等动词后的宾语从句，如有否定意思，一般要把否定词前移到主句的语上，从句的谓语用肯定的形式。
I don't think he can do it better than me. 我想他不会干得比我好。
I don't believe they have finished their work yet. 我相信他们还未完成他们的工作。
I don't suppose he cares, does he 我想他不会在意的，是吗？
提示：
在下列情况下，宾语从句不否定转移：
1．think等词前有副词和表示强调的do
I really expect he wont fail the examination. 我真希望他不会不通过考试。
I do think that he is not fair. 我确实认为他是不公正的。
2．think等词和其他词构成并列谓语
I think and hope that he won't cheat at cards. 我想，也希望他打牌不会作弊的。
3．think等词作为插入语
His decision is not wise, I think. 我觉得他的决定并不明智。
I．使用虚拟语气的宾语从句
1．在suggest insist, order, demand, request, require, command, propose, desire等表示建议、命令、要求、欲望动词后面的宾语从句中，用虚拟语气，即should +动词原形，should常被省略。
He suggested that we should have a further discussion about the final decision. 他建议我们对最后的决定作进一步讨论。
She insisted that they should show her their passports. 她坚决要求他们向她出示护照。
2．在wish后面的宾语从句中需要用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反或难以实现的愿望。
How I wish I had learned more! 我多么希望我以前多学一些啊！
He wishes he would have another chance to go abroad. 他希望能再有一次出国的机会。
J．含有宾语从句复合句的反意疑问句
①反意疑问句一般与主句一致。
He said they were going to help me, didn't he？他说过他们要帮我，不是吗？
She told you that the mat was her own work, didn't she 她告诉过你这个垫子是她亲自做的，是吗？
②当主句的主语为第一人称，谓语动词是think, believe, consider, imagine, suppose, hope 等词时，反意疑问句应与宾语从句保持一致。这时特别要注意否定转移的问题。
I suppose you're serious, aren't you 我想你是当真的，不是吗？(不可用don't I)
I don't suppose he's serious, is he 我想他不是当真的，是吗？(不可用do I)
提示：
如果主语是第二、第三人称，则疑问句部分与主句一致，且不存在否定转移的问题。
You don't think we can speak English, do you 你认为我们不会说英语，对吗？
He thinks he's got the right answer, doesn't he 他认为自己找到了正确的答案，是吗？
三、同位语从句
同位语从句用于对前面的名词作进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容。同位语从句一般由that引导，但也可以由whether 以及连接代词和连接副词引导。
A．同位语从句一般跟在名词fact, hope, idea, news, doubt, suggestion, information, opinion, decision, discovery, truth, promise, statement, problem, rule等的面。
They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick. 对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。Where did you get the idea that I could not come 你在哪儿听说我不能来？
I have no idea whether he'll come or not. 我不知道他是否来。
We haven't yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation. 到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。
It is a question how he did it. 那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。
There is no doubt that we will win. 毫无疑问我们会赢的。
注意：
当含有同位语从句的主句谓语部分过短时，可以把谓语动词提前，使同位语从句与名词隔开，以避免头重脚轻的现象。
Word came that Mr President would come and inspect our school himself. 有消息说总统先生将亲自来视察我们学校。
B．使用虚拟语气的同位语从句
在一些表示建议、命令、要求的名词后的同位语从句中，谓语动词用should+动词原形表示，should 可省略。
This is our only request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible. 尽快解决这个问题，这是我们唯一的请求。
He made the suggestion that we go by train. 他建议我们坐火车去。
初中英语语法宾语从句讲解，专项练习及答案注意！宾语从句小口诀： 宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词； 主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制； 主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时； 陈述句转化that引，一般疑问句用if/whether, 特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。 一、基本讲解 1 概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语。eg, He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语) He asks him how long Mike has been down . (动词宾语) Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (介词宾语) 2.连接词 (1) .陈述句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用that,口语中常常省略。 e.g, She told me (that) she would like to go with us. (2)以whether 或if 引导的宾语从句, 主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句，从句同样是陈述语序 eg, I wonder if /whether u have told the new to Li Lei . 注意：一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用，但有些情况例外。 a. 当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether 不用if eg, We are talking about whether we'll go on the pinic. b. 引导词与动词不定式或not 连用时，只用whether. eg, Please let me know what to do next. Could you tell me whether u go or not? c. if当如果讲时，引导的是条件状语从句，这时不能用whether. (3).特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用特殊疑问词；引导词后要用陈述句语序。 E.g. Could you tell me what's the matter\wrong with you? 特殊情况：：当do you think后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，句式结构应为引导词＋do you think＋陈述句语序。 3.宾语从句时态
高中英语语法定语从句总复习 郴州资兴三中李俊才 定义：用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫 作定语从句。 一、关系带词引导的定语从句 1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词 句子成分用于限制从句或非限制性从句只用于限制性从句 代替人代替物代替人或物主语Who which 主语Whom which that 宾语Whose (=of whom) Whose (=of which) that 例１：This is the detective who came from London. 例２：The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy. ２．关系代词的用法 (1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如： All the people that are burst into tears.（所有人都迸出眼泪。） (2) 如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, most, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which, who，或whom。 (3) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。 There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom、are well educated. (4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分 概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似，并可以指人。例如： He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy. (5) that可指人或物，在从句中作表语，（指人作主语时多用who）仅用于限制性定语从句中。
英语语法: 英语从句完全汇总 一.主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it 代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如： It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not. It is in the morning that the murder took place. It is John that broke the window. 2. 用it 作形式主语的结构 (1) It is +名词+从句 It is a fact that …事实是… It is an honor that …非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that …是常识 (2) it is +形容词+从句 It is natural that…很自然… It is strange that…奇怪的是… (3) it is +不及物动词+从句 It seems that…似乎… It happened that…碰巧… (4) it +过去分词+从句 It is reported that…据报道… It has been proved that…已证实… 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况 (1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 (2) It is said , (reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. (right) That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (wrong) (3) It happens…, It occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (right) That he failed in the examination occurred to him. (wrong) (4) It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. (right) Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. (wrong) (5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如： Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? (right) Is that will rain in the evening likely? (wrong) 4. What 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 What 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语.宾语.表语，而that 则不
初中英语语法——三大从句汇总 在英语中，主要有三大从句，即名词性从句（包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）、形容词性从句（即定语从句）、副词性从句（即 状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等）。以 下是一些基本的从句的语法知识点 A、定语从句专项讲解与训练 一、定语从句概念 定语从句（attributive clause），顾名思义，就是一个句子作定语从属 于主句。定语一般是由形容词充当，所以定语从句又称作形容词从句。另外， 定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的，故又称作关系从句。 定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后，这种名词或代词被称作先 行词。请看示例： The woman who lives next door is a teacher. 先行词定语从句 在所有的从句中，算定语从句最难掌握，因为汉语里没有定语从句，汉语 里只有定语，而且总是放在名词之前来修饰名词。 二、关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词代替前面的先行词，并且在定语从句中充当句子成分，可以作主语、宾语、定语等。常见的关系代词有：who, that, which。它们的主格、宾格和所有格如下表所示： 先行词主格宾格所有格 人 who whom whose 物 which which whose of which 人、物 that that — （一）关系代词who, whom和 whose的用法 who代替人，是主格，在定语从句中作主语。例如： An architect is a person who designs buildings. 建筑师是设计房屋的人。 I will never forget the teacher who taught us chemistry in the first
英语语法讲解之定语从句 时间：2016-08-12作者：来源：学习方法网 一．几个基本概念 1.定语从句的定义：用作定语的从句叫定语从句。 2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。 3.定语从句的位置：紧跟先行词(名词或代词)之后。 4.引导词：引导定语从句的词(包括关系代词和关系副词)。 ﹙1﹚关系代词：that/who/whom/which/as ﹙2﹚关系副词：when/where/why 5.引导词的位置：位于定语从句之前(先行词之后)。【as除外】 6.引导词的功能(作用)： ﹙1﹚连接先行词和定语从句。 ﹙2﹚在定语从句中充当一定的成分(关系代词充当主语或宾语，关系副词充当状语)。 7.定语从句的类型： ﹙1﹚限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间无逗号)。 ①直接由引导词引导定语从句 The man who you’re talking to is my friend. ②由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导 The man to whom you’re talking is my friend. I need a pen with which I can write a letter.
=I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter. 介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定，该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。例如： The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University. =The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University. The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century. =The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century. ﹙2﹚非限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开)。 ①直接由引导词引导定语从句。 ②由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导。 I live in a house far away from the city，in front of which is a big tree. There is an apple tree standing at the gate，on which are many apples. This is the man to whom I gave the book. ③由“代词/名词+of+whom/which”或“of which/ whom +名词/代词”(先行词指 人用whom，指物用which)引导。One，some，any，none，all，both，several，many，most，neither，either等词、数词、分数或百分比与of whom或of which连用。 He has five children，two of whom are abroad. (比较：He has five children，and two of them are abroad.) We have three books，none of which is/are interesting. (比较：We have three books，but none of them is/are interesting.) 除why和that不能引导非限定性定语从句外，其余引导词都可以，用法同限定性定语从句一样。但要注意以下区别。
从句 从句按其在主句中的句法功能可分为三类: 即名词性从句、形容词性从句(即定语从句)和副词性从句(即状语从句)。 引导从句的词称作关联句. 一、名词性从句 引导这些名词性从句的关联词包括: 从属连词that, if, whether; 连接代词 who,whoever,whom,whomever,which,whichever,what,whatever,wh ose; 连接副词where, when, why, how。 其中, 从属连词只起连接作用, 在从句中不充当任何句法成分, 而连接代词和连接副词既起连接作用, 在从句中又充当一定的成分. That Owen should have married his cousin is not at all surprising. The fact is that he didn't go to the dinner party. I don't know if he will attend the meeting. Have you heard the news that Mary is going to marry Tom? 你听说玛丽要和汤姆结婚的消息了吗?(that引导同位语从句) [提示]
1. 在含有主语从句的复合句中, 为保持句子平衡, 常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语从句置于句末. It's well-known that water is indispensable to life.(形式主语) 2. 为保持句子平衡, that引导的宾语从句也常用it代替, 而将真正的宾语从句置于主句句末。这常常出现在主句有形容词或分词作宾语补足语的情况下。 He made it quite clear that he preferred to live here. 3. 从属连词whether和if都作“是否…”解, 但if不可引导主语从句和表语 从句。whether可与or(not)连用, 而if不可以。 I don't know whether (if) she is at home. Whether she comes or not makes no difference. 4. that和what引导名词性从句的区别: that在从句中不充当成分,而what在从句中充当一定的成分, 如主语、表语、宾语等。that可省略, what则不可省。 He always means what he says. She suggested (that) he do it at once. 5. 同位语从句大多由从属连词that引导, 常跟在下列名词后面, 如fact, idea, opinion, news, hope, belief等, that不可省。同位语从句一般用来解释说明这些名词的具体含义和内容。 We are familiar with the idea that all matter consists of atoms. The news that we are invited to the conference is very encouraging.
初中英语语法宾语从句讲解 小口诀： 宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制； 主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；陈述转化that引，一般疑问用if/whether, 特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。 一．基本讲解来源：直接引语变间接引语 概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句。 Eg: He said,“I am good at drawing”. He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语) 1.引导词 (1) that引导宾语从句时，通常用陈述句充当, that可省略。 Eg: She said,“I want to go there ”She said (that) she wanted to go there. (2) whether 或if 引导的宾语从句,由一般疑问句/选择疑问句充当，陈述语序。 Eg: “Are you interested in geography?” she said. She asked if/whether I was interested in geography. I wonder if /whether she has told the new to Li Lei . I’m not sure whether he will come or not. 注意：一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用，但有些情况例外 a. 介词短语后只用whether 不用if eg: We are talking about whether we'll go on the panic. b. 引导词与动词不定式或or not 连用时，只用whether. eg:I can?t say whether or not he will come on time c. if当如果讲时,引导的是条件状语从句，表示‘如果’，不能用whether. Eg: If you want to be a good teacher, it will take times. Whether you can succeed depends on how much effort you pay. (3).特殊疑问词引导宾语从句时，不可省略，陈述句语序。 特殊疑问词为：how , when, where, why ,which whose. E.g. …What do you want?? He asked. He asked me what I wanted. I have no idea where he is now. I don?t know how to deal with it. He asked whose handwriting is the best in the class. 2.宾语从句时态 a.主句为一般现在时，从句不受主句的限制 eg: Do you know if/whether he has seen the film? I?m sorry to hear that your father is ill. She says she is going to go to Beijing next week. He tells me that his sister came back yesterday. b.当主句是一般过去时，从句用过去的相应某种时态 She didn?t know why the boy was late again. (过去一般) I didn't know if/whether he had seen the film.（过去完成） I wondered when she was going to America.（过去将来） 注意：当主句是一般过去时，而从句表示的是客观真理，自然现象，科学原理，格言等，从句仍然要用一般现在时。例如： Eg: He said （that the earth moves round the sun. / that light travels much faster than sound.）The teacher told us （seeing is believing.）
定语从句专题复习 定语从句（AttributiveClauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系代词有：who,whom,whose(一般指人),that（指人或物）,which(指物)等。 关系副词有：when（时间）,where(地点),why（原因）等。 （1）关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 ①who,whom,that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下： Ishethemanwho/that wantstosee you 他就是你想见的人吗（who/that在从句中作主语） Heistheman(whom/that)I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/who/that在从句中作saw的宾语,可以省略） ②whose用来指人或物，（只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同ofwhich互换），例如：Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Pleasepassmethebookwhose/ofwhichcover（封面）isgreen. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。 ③which,that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：Rosalikesmusicthat/whichisquiteandgentle.（which/that在句中作宾语） Thisisthebook(that/which)I'mlookingfor.（which/that在句中作lookfor的宾语） （2）关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 ①when,where,why 关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于“介词+which”结构，因此常常和“介词+which”结构交替使用，例如： Doyouremembertheday when Isawyou(你还记得我见到你的那一天吗) Beijingistheplace where（inwhich）Iwasborn.北京是我的出生地。 Isthisthereason why（forwhich）herefusedouroffer 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗 ②that代替关系副词 that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when,where,why和“介词+which”引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如： Hisfatherdiedtheyear（that/when/inwhich）hewasborn. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 Heisunlikelytofindtheplace（that/where/inwhich）helivedfortyyearsago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 （3）判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：
（精华版）初中英语语法基本从句汇总从句的共同特点 从句是指在一个句子中充当一个成分的句子，充当什么成分就叫什么从句，如：充当宾语就叫宾语从句，充当定语成分就叫定语从句。 从以上定义中我们可以得出关于从句的一个最大特点：从句是句子。 从句的共同特点：1.从句都有自己的连接词2.从句都是陈述语序(陈述语序就是主语在前，谓语在后，如：He is a teacher主语He在谓语is之前，因此是陈述语序，而Is he a teacher?主语He在谓语is之后，因此不是陈述语序。) 1宾语从句 宾语从句是指在一个句子中充当宾语的句子，如：He said that he wanted to be a teacher when he grew up. 宾语从句的特点： ①宾语从句有自己的连接词 ②宾语从句用陈述语序 ③宾语从句的时态 1
①宾语从句的连接词：宾语从句的连接词包括that、if/whether(是否)、特殊疑问词。 ②宾语从句的语序; A.宾语从句的连接词后加陈述语序(主语在前，谓语在后),如：I want to know if he can come tomorrow B.当连接词本身又是宾语从句的主语时，后面直接加谓语动词，如：She asked me who had helped him. ③宾语从句的时态，只要记住以下口诀就可以了“主现则从任，主过则从过，客观真理一般现” A.主现则从任：主句如果是一般现在时，则从句根据时间状语需要从八种时态中任选一种，如：1.He tells me he likes English very much(一般现在时) B.主过则从过：主句如果是一般过去时，则从句根据时间状语需要从四种带“过”字的时态中任选一种，带“过”字的时态分别是如：一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时。 如：He told me that he liked playing football(一般过去时) C.客观真理一般现:客观真理永远用一般现在时。 如：1.He says the moon goes around the earth. 2状语从句 2
宾语从句教学设计 一、导入 1.复习什么是宾语。动词/介词后面的名词就是宾语。 I play basketball. We are talking about our homework.. 2.宾语从句就是在宾语的位置上放一个完整的句子。 3.I love that I can earn some coupons. 板书：He knows me. He knows what’s wrong with his wife. 说出2个句子的宾语。 说出2个句子的宾语是词（词组）还是句子。 第一个句子的宾语是一个词构成的，第二个句子的宾语是一个句子，我们称这种做宾语的句子叫宾语从句。在句子中充当宾语的从句叫宾语从句。其中he knows 叫主句，what’s wrong with him是从句。 说出下面4个句子的主句和从句。 A．He said that he had a very good journey home. B．He asked if /whether they had come. C．He told me that the earth goes around the sun. D．He asked me how he could get to the nearest post office. 总结：。。是主句，剩下的是由that，if，how引导的宾语从句。 初步认识了宾语从句，下面我们开始了解宾语从句的三要素 引导词（连接词） 语序 时态 1)从属连词that引导陈述句宾语从句，在口语或者非正式语中可以被省略 比如上面四句话中的A,C就是that引导的陈述句的宾语从句。如果省略掉that，该如何修改。（让学生口头修改） A．He said that he had a very good journey home. C．He told me that the earth goes around the sun. 2）由从属连词whether, if 引导一般疑问句的宾语从句，表示“是否”，比如上面的B就是由if引导的宾语从
2016年必考英语语法——限定性定语从句 1.that即可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that 在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置 2.which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢 3.代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括all, anything, much等，这时的that常被省略 4.who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语 5.where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句 6.when引导定语从句表示时间 〔注〕值得一提的是，表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导 By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks. I still remember the first time I met her. Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc. 7.whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格
} 定语从句：在复合句中作定语用修饰句子中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 定语从句功能及位置 功能：定语从句相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语。 位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后。 ① 定语从句的位置：放在名词或代词的后面。如：The man who has an umbrella in his hand is my uncle. (手上抓了一把雨伞的人是我的叔叔。) ② 语法术语的改变：被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词；引导定语从句的连接词称为关系词,其中that、which、who称为关系代词,where、when、how称为关系副词。 ③ 关系代词或关系副词的作用： @ 关系代词who、whom 和whose指人,分别在从句中作主语、宾语和定语。which 指物that多指物, 有时也指人,它们在从句中可以作主语或宾语。定语从句中关系代词作从句宾语时可以省略。This is the thief (that/who/whom) we have been looking for these days. (这个就是我们近日一直在找的小偷。) / Please find a room which is big enough for all of us to live in. (请找一间足够大能住下我们全体的房间。) 关系副词when或where引导定语从句时,它们在从句中分别作时间状语和地点状语。如：This is the room where they had a quarrel a week ago. (这是一个星期前他们吵架的房间。) / I can never forget the day when I first saw you. (我永远不会忘记第一次见到你的日子。) ④ 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句在句中不能省略,否则主句意思就不完整。非限制性定语从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开,这种从句是一种附加说明,如果从句子中省去,也不致于影响主句的意思。如：She spent the whole evening talking about her latest book, which none of us had heard of. (她一个晚上都在谈论她最近的书,我们一个人都没有听说过那本书。)
语法内容----从句 一．从句的分类 主语从句（谓语之前）This is what he told me last night. 表语从句（系动词之后）What he said is true. 宾语从句（实意动词之后）Tell me what he said at the meeting. 同位语从句名词之后，与名词是等同关系）The news that he will come makes me happy.（解释the news) 定语从句（修饰名词或代词）The news that he tole me is true 状语从句（修饰动词） 1.)时间.....I stayed home while ha was away.(说明呆家的时间） 2.)地点....You should put the book where it was.(说明放的位置） 3. 原因....He didn’t come because he was ill.(说明没来的原因） 4.)结果...He ran so fast that I couldn’t catch cup him(他跑得快 导致的结果） 5.) 目的...We left early so that we could catch the first train.(说明 我们早出发的目的） 6.) 条件...I will not lend the book to you unless you return it in
time.(说明我借书给你的前提条件） 7.）让步...(Although he may have told you, I still think she is not to be trusted.(说明就算退一步讲，我也不信任她） 8.）方式...You should do as I tell you.(说明你要做的方式） 9.）比较...The room is bigger than that one.(形容/副词的比较用法） 二、从句的连接词(根据从句类型来用） 1.名词性从句- 主语从句陈述句（that) 宾语从句-----根据从句类型一般疑问句(weather/if) 表语从句特殊疑问句(what/how/when/ 同位语...- where/why/who.)以宾从为例陈述句：He said that he could help me.(I can help you) 一般问句He asked weather/if I could help him.( Can you help me?)特殊问句：He asked what I was doing.( What are you doing? He asked how I did it?.( How did you do it?)
初中英语语法：宾语从句 考察的三个要点：语序，时态，关联词。 1.定义：用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。 2.构成：关联词+简单句。 3宾语从句的语序一定是陈述句语序。（who 作主语的从句本身就是陈述句语序） 4宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语，连接宾语从句的连词有 that（that在口语中常省略）。 whether，if，和连接代词what，which， who， whom及连接副词when， where， how， why。 He knew（that） he should study hard. 他知道他应该努力学习。 Can you tell me which class you are in？ 您能告诉我，您在哪一班吗？ He asked me if he could come in， 他问我他是否能进来。 5.引导宾语从句的关联词有三类： （1）从属连词that.如：一般那情况下能够省略。 He told us that he felt ill. I know he has returned. 注： that在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都能够省略。在以下情况下，that不能省略。
1.Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened. （and连接两个宾语从句，that宾语从句放在and的后面时，that不能省略。） 2.I know nothing about him except that he is from the south. （that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。） 3.That he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe.（that从句位于句首时，that不可省略。） 我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。 （2）从属连词if/whether.如： I doubt whether he will succeed. I don’t know if you can help me. （3）连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever， whichever 连接副词 where，when，how，why. Who or what he was，Martin never learned. I wonder what he’s writing to me about. I’ll tell you why I asked you to come.
第 11 章定语从句 第 11 章 ...................................... 1．先行词和关系词 ................................. 2．定语从句的种类 ................................. 3．关系代词如何引导定语从句 ....................... 4．各种关系代词的使用方法 ......................... 5．关系代词与介词·关系代词的省略 ................. 6．非限定性定语从句中的关系代词 ................... 7．关系副词的定义与用法 ........................... 8． as 引导的定语从句 .............................. 9．定语从句中需注意事项 ........................... 10．定语从句和同位语从句的区别 .................... 定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、副词、不定式、介 词短语等来担任，如果是一个句子担任定语，那么这个句子就叫做定语 从句，因为主要由形容词担任定语，所以也可以称它为形容词性从句。 定语从句可以修饰名词或代词，还能修饰整个主句或主句的一部分。 第一个来的人是迈克。 你给我的毛巾不干净。 我父亲每天做早操，这点对他的身体有好处。 这就是我去年住过的房子。 1 先行词和关系词 （关系代词和关系副词的定义与作用） 1 定语从句的构成 （爱冒险的青年人） 被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系 词一般紧跟在先行词之后引导定语从句。定语从句都在它所修饰的先行 词的后面（后置）。（这一点和汉语不同，汉语中的定语都放在被修饰 的名词或代词的前面。） 2 关系词的作用 两个简单句 Thank you for the record.+You gave me the record. 主从复合句 谢谢你给我的录音机。 Thank you for the record that/which you gave me the record.… (× ) Thank you for the record that/which you gave it to me.… (× ) 关系代词起着代词和连词的作用。关系副词起着副词或介词短语和 连词的作用。 在从句中它们既代替前面的先行词在句子里担任一定的成分，又把 两个句子连接起来构成一个带有定语从句的主从复合句。请看上面例句。说明 关系代词 that/which 紧跟在先行词 record 的后面引导定语从句。 关系代词 that/which 在从句中既代替先行词 record 在句子里担任宾语，（该定语从句原应为 You gave me the record.）又起着连词的作用把两
英语中六大从句用法总结 从句是指用于复合句中担当某个句子成分的主谓结构。虽说从句自身的句子结构是完整的，但是它不能视为独立的句子，因为它离开了主语就无法独立、完整地表达意思。按其所能表达的意义而言,它相当于一个词或是一个词组. 按从句的句子功能划分（也就是按从句在句子中所担任的成分来划分），从句可分为：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句。 1.主语从句 1）主语从句可直接位于主语的位置，如果从句较长，谓语又较短，可用it作形式主语，而将从句放在句末。常见的句型有： *It is a fact\a pity\a question\good news that... *It seems\appears\happened\has turned out that... *It is clear\important\likely\possible that... *It is said\reported\estimated\has been proved that... It is said that comic books create a connection between people of the same generation. It seems that the performance is very useful. 2)what引导的主语从句表示“...的东西时”，一般不用it作形式主语。 What we lack is experience. 3)what,who,when,why,whether等词含有各自的疑问意义，但它们引导的主语从句，都用陈述语序。 How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again. I did know why I felt like crying. 2.宾语从句 1）宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词that常可省略。介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句。in that(因为),except that(除了),but that(只是）已构成固定搭配，其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。 *I promised that I would change the situation. *All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship. *He is certain that watching so much television is not good for children. *This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long. 2)宾语从句后如有宾补，要用形式宾语it来代替，而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。 He has made it clear that he would not change his mind. 3)在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句中，如果谓语是否定的，一般将否定词移至主句谓语上，宾语从句则变成肯定形式。 He didn't think that the money was well spent. 3.表语从句 表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中。表语从句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引导外，还可由because,as if(though)等引导。that常可省略。如主句主语为reason,只能用that引导表语从句，不可用because.