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现在完成时用法小结

现在完成时用法小结
现在完成时用法小结

现在完成时用法小结

(只摘抄黑体字部分,蓝体字只读不摘抄,第二种用法只学不摘抄)

现在完成时用来表示说话之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,其结果和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去,但它的影响现在还存在;也可表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作或状态。属于现在时态的范畴。其构成:助动词have (has) +过去分词。

肯定式:主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他。(当主语是第三人称单数时用has,其余人称用have。过去分词:规则动词的过去分词构成与动词过去式相同;不规则动词需要特殊记忆。)

否定式:主语 + haven't/hasn't + 过去分词 + 其他。

疑问式: Have /Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他? 简略答语:

Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定)

No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't.(否定)

(一)表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

如: Have you read that story?

你读过那个故事吗?

(“读”这一动作发生在过去,对现在造成的影响是:是否知道故事的内容。)

I have bought two apples.

我买了两个苹果。

(“买”这一动作发生在过去,对现在造成的结果是:拥有两个苹果。)

请朗读下面句子,体会现在完成时的含义。(以下句子摘抄两句)

1.I have finished my homework. ( My homework is done, I can do something else.)

2. She has seen the doctor. ( Now she knows what’s wrong with her.)

3. They have seen the film. ( Now they know what the film is about.)

4. Lily has lost her pen. ( Now she can’t see it.)

5. Have you found your watch? ( Do you have your watch now?)

6. Has the train arrived? ( Can we get on the train now?)

7. Has Jenny invited you to her party? ( Do you know her party? Will you go?)

8. I haven’t borrowed a book from the library. ( Now I don’t have a library book.)

9. Jim hasn’t read the story. ( He doesn’t know about the story.)

10. I have n’t washed my clothes. ( My clothes are still dirty.)

请将下面句子变成否定句,一般疑问句,并做肯定否定回答,同时体会各个句子的含义,领悟现在完成时的用法。(摘抄两个句子)

1.Jim has returned the book to the library.

2.I have bought a new pair of shoes.

3.The students have swept the floor.

4.I have told the teacher about it.

5.The train has left the station.

6.Jenny has turned off the lights.

7.My mother has cooked supper for us.

8. We have done our homework.

现在完成时的"完成用法"

现在完成时的"完成用法"指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束,但该动作对现在产生了影响,与现在

情况具有因果关系。

现在完成时"完成用法"的特点是动作不延续,因此,该时态只能与表示不定的时间状语(如:already,yet,before,recently等)、频度时间状语(如:never,ever,once等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如:this morning / month /year...,today等)连用。现在完成时的时间状语

(1)现在完成时属于现在时范围,故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如:yesterday,last Sunday, in1990,three years ago等。

a.用副词already,yet和just。already“已经,”

一般用于肯定句中,yet“已经,还”一般用于

否定句和疑问句中。

如:We have already finished our homework.

(We have finished our homework already.)我们已完成作业了。

They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。

-Have you washed your clothes yet?

-No,not yet.

just “刚刚”,常用于肯定句.注意,just now是过去的时间状语,只能与过去时连用.

The train has just left.(It’s not here now.)

The train left just now.

I have just cleaned the room.

(The room is clean now.)

I cleaned the room just now.

b. 用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中,表示“曾经”或“从未“等。如:

-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗?

-I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。

c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语,如just,before,up to now,the past few years等。例如:

I have seen her before,but I can not remember where.

我以前见过她,但记不起在哪里见过。

He has been there three times the last few days. 近几年他去过那里三次了。

d.用包括“现在”在内的时间状语,如:now,today,thismorning (month,year,

term)等。例如:

-Have you met him today?-No,I haven't.今天你见过他吗?我没有。

How many times have you been there this year? 今年你去过那里多少次?

在学习这一概念的同时,还应注意常与现在完成时连用的几个副词:already,just,ever,yet,never 等。already,just多用于肯定句中,ever,yet,never 多用于疑问句和否定句中。

如: I have already finished my homework.我已经做完家庭作业了。

He has just had his meal.

他刚吃过饭。

Have you ever sung this English song?

你曾唱过这首英文歌吗?

They haven't started yet.

他们还没有动身。

We have never heard of it.

我们从来没有听说过这件事。

(以下内容只学习,不摘抄)

(二)表示过去已经开始,一直持续到现在的动作或状态。

1、因为表示的是持续的动作或状态,所以使用的动词通常是延续性动词:be, stay, study, wait, keep, have… 等;

2、使用的时间状语通常由for或since 引导,但二者后接的词有所不同:

for后常跟一个时间段,指某个动作到现在为止已持续了多长时间。

如:for three years, for half an hour等。

since 作介词,后面可以接一个时间点,如since 1980,也可以接“一段时间+ago”,如: since three years ago, since two months ago等。

since 还可用作连词,引导一个过去时态的时间状语从句。

如:We have known each other since we went to college.

3、非延续性动词不能直接和for 或since 连用,但我们可以找一个相应的延续性动词或动词短语来替换这些非延续性动词,

如: become→be,

come to→be in / at,

go out→ be out,

leave→be away(from),

begin→be on,

stop→ be over,

buy→ have,

borrow→ keep,

open→be open,

close→be closed,

join→be a member of/be in,

die→be dead,

catch a cold→have a cold,

get to know→know,

become a teacher →be a teacher, fall asleep→be asleep,

fall ill→ be ill等。

4、句型It is the first (second, third...) time that...的that从句中,谓语动词须用现在完成时,表示到说话时为止动作发生过几次。

如:It is the first time that I have been here. (三)现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较

1、一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。说话的侧重点只在于陈述一件过去的事情,不强调对"现在"产生的影响。

如: He visited Guilin in 1998.

他1998年参观过桂林。(只说明去桂林的时间) 2、现在完成时表示动作发生在过去,对现在造成了影响或产生了结果。不与确定的过去时间状语连用。

如: Jill has bought a new computer.

吉尔买了一台新电脑。(着重点是现在有了一台新电脑)

3、两种时态的区分

(1)一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式,而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是"助动词have /has +过去分词"。

(2)一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如:yesterday, last week, two years ago, just now, in 2002等;

而现在完成时则常与just, already, ever, never 等副词和these days, this week, since..., for...等表示一段时间的状语连用。

(3)看看以下的几组句子,有什么区别?

① Have you seen the film?(A)

Did you see the film?(B)

[说明] 你看过这部电影吗?(A)句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解;(B)句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过,并不强调是否知道其内容。

② How has he done it?(A)

How did he do it?(B)

[说明]他是怎么做的这件事?(A)句强调的是他做这件事的方式对现在产生了某种影响;(B)句单纯的询问做这件事的方式。

③ He has lived in Beijing for 8 years.(A)

He lived in Beijing for 8 years.(B)

[说明]他在北京住了8年。(A)句讲的是到目前为止他在北京住了8年,可能还会继续在北京住下去。

(B)句讲的是他在北京住过8年,现在不在北京了。

(四) 几点注意事项

(1)have been(to)与have gone( to)的区别:have been(to)表示“去过某地(现在已经回来了)”,可用于各人称;have gone(to)表示“去某地了(说话时某人不在当地)”,常用于第三人称,前者可与once ,never,several times等连用,后者则不能。如:They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。

He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。

(2)如单纯表示一段时间,或强调一段时间,虽有since一词,也不必用完成时。如:It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead

for two years.他父亲去世已有三年了。

(3)终止性动词现在完成时的否定式,已变成一种可以延续的状态,因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。

如:I haven't left here since 1997.自从1997年以来,我一直没有离开过这儿。

浅析现在完成时态的用法

浅析现在完成时态的用法 现在完成时是由助动词have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。 一,用法其主要用法有三种: I已完成用法 表示一个过去发生并结束的动作对现在产生的结果和影响。这一类情况可以细致分为下述两种情况。 1).表示开始于过去的动作刚刚结束。常和just,now,already,yet,not…yet等连用。 Li Ming has just turned off the light. 李明刚刚把灯关上。(说明现在灯关上了) I've finished my homework now. 现在我已经做完作业了。(说明可以交作业或做别的了) 2). 表示过去动作的结果,现在仍残留着。一般不用时间状语。 I have lost my pen. 我把笔丢了。 (说明过去某时丢的,现在我还没找到这支笔) She has become a teacher. 她已经当了老师。(说明她现在仍是老师) She has become a teacher. 她已经当了老师。(说明她现在仍是老师) II未完成用法。表示过去已经开始,持续到现在,而且还能继续下去的动作或状态。往往和表示一段时间的状语连用。如today,this week(month),lately,recently,these days,in the past few days,during the last two weeks. since,since yesterday,since 2 days ago,since 1991,for a longtime,for a month,so far,up to now,till(until)now等。 He has lived here for 30 years. 他住在这儿三十年了。(现在还住在这儿) They've known each other since childhood. 他们从小彼此相识。(现在还继续往来) How long have you studied English? 你学英语多久了?(现在仍在学) III经验性用法。表示从过去到现在之间曾经经历过的事情。一般译为汉语“过”,常和often,never,ever,once,twice,three times,before,since等连用。 I have been to the Summer Palace twice. 我曾经去过颐和园两次。 We have visited your school before. 我以前曾去过你们学校。 (过去的经历,但现在依然记得) 二,现在完成时的时间状语 I现在完成时属于现在时范围,故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如:yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是,在强调动作产生的后果和影响时,可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。 a. 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中,yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。如:We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。 They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。

过去完成时态用法小结

过去完成时态的用法小结 默认分类2009-12-27 12:54:52 阅读281 评论0 字号:大中小订阅 一、过去完成时适用场合 1. 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作。这个过去的时间常用by,before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句表示,也可以暗含在上下文中。 I had finished my homework before supper.我在晚饭前就把作业做完了。 The play had already started when we got to the theatre. 我们到剧场时戏已经开始了。 By the end of June they had treated over 10,000 patients. 到六月底他们已经治疗了一万多病人。 2. 过去完成时还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或还要持续下去,常与for,since等词连用。如: He had served in the army for ten years before he retired last year. 他在部队干了十年,去年退役了。 He told me that he had known her since he was a child. 他告诉我他从小就认识她。 He had learned English for eight years before he went to England for further study. 他在去英国深造前,已学了八年英语。 3. 在一段情景连贯的文字中,先发生的事放在后面叙述时,要用过去完成时。如: Tom flew home, but his father had already died. 汤姆乘飞机回家,他的父亲却已经去世了。4. 过去完成时也用于hardly...when..., no sooner...than..., It was the first time + that分句等一些固定句型中。 He had no sooner left the room than they began to talk about him. 他刚离开房间,他们就议论起他来。 We had hardly begun when we were told to stop. 我们刚开始就被叫停。 It was the first time that he had ever spoken to me in such a tune.他用这样的语调跟我讲话,这是第一次。 二、过去完成时与一般过去时的比较 1. 当一个由before, after, as soon as 等连词引导的从句所表示的动作和主句的动作紧接着发生时,两个动作均可用一般过去时来表示。 We had breakfast after we did morning exercises. 做完早操后,我们吃早饭。 The train started to move just before he reached the platform. 他到月台时火车刚开走。 They started ploughing as soon as they got to the fields. 他们一到地里就开始耕地。 2. 按时间顺序叙述两个或两个以上接连发生的动作时,用一般过去时。 He entered the room, turned on the light and sat down at the table. 他走进屋子,打开灯,坐在桌子旁。 3. 在表示某人过去未曾完成的“心愿”、“打算”、“计划”、“想法”、“许诺”等时,hope, mean, plan, think, intend等谓语动词常用过去完成时。 I had hoped to be back last night, but I didn’t catch the train. 我本来希望昨晚回来的,但没搭上火车。 We had thought to return early but they wouldn’t let us go. 我们本想早回来的,但他们不让我们走。 4. 在表示过去的句子中出现常与完成时态连用的词,如:already,yet,since,for,ever,never及次数名词等时,常用过去完成时来表示。

人教版英语英语现在完成时的用法大全含解析

人教版英语英语现在完成时的用法大全含解析 一、初中英语现在完成时 1.—They say there is a new restaurant near here. —Yes, and it ______ for more than a week. A. has been open B. open C. is opening D. opens 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意:——他们说在这附近有一个新的餐馆。——是的,它已经开了一个多星期了。根据 for more than a week ,可知用现在完成时,have/has been done,故选A。 【点评】考查现在完成时,注意识记其标志词。 2.Mike used to be a top student, but he behind since he lost himself in computer games. A. fell B. has fallen C. was D. has been 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意为“Mike过去是尖子生,但自从迷上电子游戏以来成绩落后了”。由since可知but后的主句用现在完成时,瞬间动词fall不能和since引导的时间状语从句连用,故用延续性动词be。故选D。 【点评】本题考查现在完成时中非延续性动词和延续性动词的转换。 3.—Hi, Tom! you ever the Bird's Nest? —Yes, I have. It's fantastic. A. Have, been to B. Have, gone to C. Did, go to 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意:——你好,Tom!你曾经去过鸟巢吗?——是的,我去过。它是极好的。根据答语—Yes, I have.可知是以have开头的现在完成时的一般疑问句,排除C。have been to+地点名词,去过某地,去了并且回来了;have gone to+地点名词,去了某地,去了还没有回来,在去或者回来的路上。根据It's fantastic.可知去了并且回来了,故选A。 【点评】考查短语辨析,注意平时识记其区别,理解句意。 4.——Where is Mr. Wang? ——He together with his students ________ Zhuyuwan Park. A. has gone to B. have gone to C. has been to D. have been to 【答案】 A

初中英语常见时态用法小结

初中英语常见时态用法小结 一般现在时的用法 1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。 时间状语:every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。 The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 3) 表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 例:Columbus proved that the earth is round.. 4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。 I don’t want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well. 比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup. I am doing my homework now. 第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。再如:Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now 是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时。 2. 一般过去时的用法 1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。 时间状语有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。 Where did you go just now? 2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。 When I was a child, I often played football in the street. Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome. 3)句型: It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了" It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了" It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。 It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。 would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示’宁愿某人做某事’ I’d rather you came tomorrow. 4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。 I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。 比较: 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。 Christine was an invalid all her life. (含义:她已不在人间。) Christine has been an invalid all her life. (含义:她现在还活着)

英语现在完成时态讲解

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过去完成时知识点总结和题型总结(word)

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